Giới thiệu về đề bài: thường câu hỏi đặt ra sự thay đổi giữa 02 thời kỳ:

 Trong quá khứ: từ năm … đến năm …: dùng thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ hoàn thành
 Từ quá khứ đến hiện tại: từ năm … đến now/ present: dùng thì quá khứ đơn và hiện
tại hoàn thành (đối với vật thay đổi)
 Từ hiện tại và kế hoạch trong tương lai: dùng thì hiện tại đơn và tương lai đơn

 The maps show the main changes which have taken place in … (the place)
 The maps compare the changes in the layout of … (the place)
 The maps illustrate how something … (the place) called … (name) changed
 The maps provide the information about a current … system and proposed changes to
… (purpose)
 The maps indicate how something is going to change in the future

Mô tả tổng quan về sự thay đổi của 02 sơ đồ: thông thường có trường hợp mô tả sau:

Sử dụng động từ ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành:

Make bigger Take away Add something new Change into General statement
something else about change
Enlarge Cut down Build Convert Industrialize
Expand Demolish Redevelop Make into Modernize
Extend knock down Erect Turn into Urbanize
to increase the size of Remove Introduce Replace Transform
to decrease the size of Pull down Construct
Tear down
Chop down
Khi một cái gì đó được dỡ bỏ để dành chỗ cho cái khác thì dùng các cụm từ sau:
 Make away for something
 Taking its/their place for
Example:

 The cinema was knocked down to make away for a new shopping center
 The trees were cut down to take their place for a new office.
 The waterfront area has been developed by a conversion of the industrial one into
a residential one
 The landscape of the waterfront area has been changed by the replacement of
industrial area by residential one.
 From an industrial area, this place has been developed into a better place for the
living of residents
 In the past, there used to be an industrial zone, but 5 years later, there has been
many changes by removing the zone and replacing many facilities for local people
 The industrial area has been demolished to make way for building lots of new facilities.
 In the South, the area has been more green with many trees being planted
 The residential buildings have been expanded by construction of three extra buildings.
 A new habour has been erected by the sea => in 2009, there wasn’t a habour, but in
2014, a new one has been built.
 To be more convenient for walkers, a new footpath has been redeveloped which
connects between the main road and the habour
 The industrial area near the lake has been turned into a swimming pool
 A new university building has been constructed in the West.
Một số cấu trúc mở đầu khi muốn nói về 1 sự thay đổi nào đó:
 An interesting change is that …
 A noticeable change is that …
 The city has experienced a significant change/ modernization/ development/
urbanization …
 An interesting development has been + noun (formation of a verb) of something
 There didn’t used to be/ wasn’t a (noun), but last few years have seen the + noun
(formation of a verb) of something
 Another striking change is that …
 An interesting to note that there has been a + noun (formation of a verb) of something
Cách sử dụng danh từ (formations of verbs) để thay thế cho động từ:
Example:
 The old market has been demolished
 One interesting change has been the demolition of the old market
 A new stadium has been constructed
 Another striking development has been the construction of a new stadium

Một số động từ có thể sử dụng dạng danh từ của nó:

Verb Noun Verb Noun
Demolish Demolition Cut down Cutting down
Construct Construction Transform Transformation
Build Building Industrialize Industrialization
Open Opening Erect Erection
Knock down Knocking down Modernize Modernization
Expand Expansion Urbanize Urbanization
Convert Conversion Redevelop Redevelopment
Introduce Introduction Pedestrianize Pedestrianization
Replace Replacement Enlarge Enlargement
Extend Extension Disappear Disappearance
An interesting to note that there has been a redevelopment of the port area.
Another striking change has been the expansion of the university
A notable change has been the conversion of the old train station into a police station
The whole city has experienced a significant modernization in the last ten years
Model answer:
 The pictures illustrate how the waterfront area of Darwin town have been changed
over five years, from 2009 to 2014. From an industrial area, this place has been
developed into a better place for the living of residents.
 To begin with, there has been a redevelopment in which the demolition of industrial
zone to make way for many facilities for living of citizens. The most interesting change
is the construction of a new habour by the sea in the East. In addition, there has been
a footpath which connects between main road in the West and the habour in order to
be more convenient for pedestrians to walk on. Another striking development has been
the enlargement of residential area by additionally construction of three buildings. The
5-year period has seen an improvement of living by removing the industrial zone near
the lake and replacing by a swimming pool. Also, the area has experienced of being
greener with many trees planted in the South of the area.
The maps show changes of the ground floor plan of the university department in 2000 and
2015
The maps show changes of the ground floor plan of the university department in 2000 and
2015

2 1 3
1

(1) To begin with the North, in 2000, there were a main entrance in the middle with some
functional rooms posited on both its sides, S1 and S2 on the left and S3, a library and an
office on the right. 15 years later, the area of functional rooms experienced an enlargement
by adding two extra seminar rooms, which each is located on both sides of the corridor.
(2) Another interesting change is that the trees in the East has been chopped down to make
way for construction of new facilities.
(3) The first one is the library. Although it was next to the office in 2000, it has been moved to
the East in order to take its place for extension of the office in the next 15 years. Also, a new
IT room has been built opposite to the library.
(4) If we looking at the middle of the area, there has been an interesting development by
building of a new car park on the right of the main entrance.
(5) On the other hand, the main road had been unchanged until the year 2015.