Module

Module V

Communication Aids and Strategies using Tools of Technology

Objectives: At the end of the unit, the students must have

a) distinguished the various presentation media that are commonly
used;
b) evaluated the effective strategies in preparing a presentation or
when communicating;
c) developed strategies in making an effective visual aid;
d) identified the most appropriate media/medium to use in a given
communication situation.
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Lesson I : Various Presentation Media

Lesson Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the student must be able to:
a) identify the two main types of presentation media;
b) discuss substantially the advantages and disadvantages of the two main types of
media.

Introduction
Technology has been a very useful trend in communication in the digital age.
Whether you have a video chat with a family member or attend online conferences or
group chats for your classes, you find that technology has improved how people
communicate in several ways. Not only can you share information quickly and
reduce the impact of language differences and distance, but you can save time and
money using technology to communicate and reach as wide an audience as you
need.

Key Concept:
Presentation Media. It is a stand-alone presentation that includes information,
presented with slides, video or digital presentation and includes sound.

Let’s Get Started!

Share your thoughts. Ponder on the possible implication of the statement below.
Share your opinion or idea in a minimum of three and maximum of five sentences.

FAILED GENERATION:
Full of technology but lacks communication

Let’s Learn!

How Is Technology Used to Help Communication?

New technologies paved the way to a better, faster and more reliable means of
delivering messages. Technology has significantly changed the arena in communication
mostly in a positive way.
1. easier sharing of information
2. faster and reliable communication
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3. communication to a wider audience

4. higher productivity and lower costs

Potential Technology and Communication Downsides

While technology and communication together bring benefits, they can also bring
problems like:
1. more distractions
2. potential for misunderstanding
3. less personal interaction

Various Presentation Media: Using Traditional Media

Traditional media refers to any form of mass communication available before the
advent of digital media. This includes television, radio, newspapers, books, and
magazines. In the classroom, the following traditional media are commonly used:
1. Overhead Transparencies. Transparencies are clear acetate pages
displayed by an overhead projector during a speech.
2. Flip Chart. It a large pad paper that rest on an easel allowing the speaker
to present.
3. White board/chalk board. It is the most traditional and common method
of presentation when technology is not available.
4. Handouts. These are sheet of paper containing relevant information that
some speakers use in conjunction with other presentation media.
5. Models. Models are miniature copy of an object, usually built to scale that
represents the object in detail and useful for describing and explaining
scientific topics.

Various Presentation Media: Using Computer Technology

Multimedia is content that uses a combination of different content forms such as
text, audio, images, animations, video and interactive content. Multimedia contrasts with
media that use only rudimentary computer displays such as text-only or traditional forms
of printed or hand-produced material.
1. Digital Slides. This is a presentation software commonly using PowerPoint.
It allows computer users to display information in multimedia presentation.
2. Document Camera. This allows the user to record certain scenes which
could later be projected on screen.
3. Video. Video is an electronic medium for the recording, copying,
playback, broadcasting, and display of moving visual media.
4. Sound recordings and reproduction is an electrical, mechanical, electronic, or
digital inscription and re-creation of sound waves, such as spoken voice,
singing, instrumental music, or sound effects.
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5. Real- Time Web Access. It is a network web that uses technologies and
practices enabling the users to receive information as soon as posted by its
authors. Examples of real-time web are Facebook's newsfeed and Twitter
implemented in social networking, and Google Search, and news sites.

Let’s Do It!

Ponder in this. Cite one traditional media and one computer technology that
you are familiar with. Were these media helpful in making your lessons
interesting? How? Discuss your answer.

Traditional media:_
___
__
__

Computer Technology:_
_
__
__
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Name:
Course/Year/Section:
Class Schedule:

Let’s Test What You Know!

Pros and Cons. List down three advantages and three disadvantages of each of the
two presentation media. You may include your personal views and experience about
them.

Traditional Media Computer Technology

Cons
Pros Cons Pros
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Lesson 2: Strategies in Making a Presentation

Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the student must be able to:
a) identify helpful tips and strategies in making presentations;
b) create a Powerpoint presentation employing the proper strategies.

Introduction
Why should you use presentation aids? If you have prepared and rehearsed your s speech
adequately, shouldn’t a good speech with a good delivery be enough to stand on its own? While it is
true that impressive presentation aids will not rescue a poor speech, it is also important to recognize
that a good speech can often be made even better by the strategic use of presentation aids.

Presentation aids can fulfill several functions: they can serve to improve your audience’s
understanding of the information you are conveying, enhance audience memory and retention of the
message, add variety and interest to your speech, and enhance your credibility as a speaker.

Key Concept

Presentation media is a strategy consisting of words and pictures to foster meaningful learning.

A slide is a single page of a presentation.

Let’s Get Started!

Presentation media is a presentation consisting of words and pictures that is designed to foster
meaningful learning. Thus, there are two parts to the definition: (a) the presentation contains
words and pictures, and (b) the presentation is designed to foster meaningful learning.
Purpose of Presentation
a) give a lecture
b) present a new product
c) persuade
d) build goodwill
e) inform

Reasons for a GOOD speaker to FAIL during presentation

a) poor technology
b) poor visual aids
c) poor understanding of the audience
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Strategies in making effective presentations

1. Make each visual stand on its own
2. Each visual needs to be clear and understandable on its own. The following tips should help:
a) limit each slide to only one topic, and give each page a relevant title
b) state sources where appropriate – for statistics, figures, pictures, etc.
c) use meaningful graphics when they reinforce your written message
d) highlight key information on charts, tables, and graphs to help focus your audience’s
attention (i.e., use colour, circle the information, or use a pointer)
e) achieve balanced and consistent layouts
f) balance and consistency are important when creating any kind of visual aid. Visuals need to
fit together into a coherent whole. The following are the tips:
i. keep type sizes and fonts consistent on all pages
ii. format headings consistently (e.g., use bold text and increased font size)
iii. use no more than two font style per slide (one for headings and one for main
text) or choose different sizes of the same font for headings and main text
iv. choose contrasting colours (e.g., dark background with light lettering)
v. use colour consistently but avoid overuse – two to four colours per slide
3. be aware of the connotations behind colours (e.g., red on a financial statement comes
with the negative connotation of having a cash deficit)
4. Make visuals easy to read. Visuals are only effective if your audience can physically see them.
Here are some tips:
a) use 24 - 28 font size for body text and 32 - 40 font size for headings
b) avoid distracting, unnecessary graphics and excessively complex backgrounds
c) use clear, standard fonts such as Times New Roman, Arial, or Helvetica
d) avoid putting much text in italics or all upper-case letters – this slows down reading
e) limit each point to one line whenever possible to limit reading time
f) Include only your main points
Effective visuals should aid your audience in understanding the message. They are not lecture
notes of the speaker. The following are tips in designing concise, content- rich visuals:
1. write only main points on the visuals, not the details that support them – avoid
giving the audience the whole document to read
2. make your points discrete: do not simply break up paragraphs
3. assume your audience will copy down everything you present on a visual – keep
information clear, simple, and minimal

Always Remember!
10 - 20 – 30. 10 Slides, 20 Minutes, 30 Font Size
1 - 6 – 6. 1 Main Idea, 6 Bullets point, 6 Words per Bullet.
7 – 7. 7 Lines, 7 Words.
9Ps: Prior Proper Preparation Prevents Poor Performance of the Person Putting on the
Presentation.
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Let’s Do It!

We have been making Powerpoint presentation in the past and little did we know that we still have
room for improvements. What important lessons have you learned from this topic to make your
Powerpoint presentation better next time? Give three lessons/strategies and discuss how you will
apply them in making your own presentation

Lesson 1.

___________________

____________________________________________________________________

Lesson 2.

Lesson 3.

_
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Name: Course/Year/Section: _ Class

Schedule: _

Let’s Test What You Know!

Who Am I? Create a 3-page Powerpoint presentation introducing yourself. Use the tips and strategies that
you have learned from this lesson in making your presentation. Tell us about yourself, your background, your
hobbies, your likes and dislikes, etc. Be creative! You could use pictures, sounds, and other effects to
enhance your presentation. You could send your output online via Google classroom or FB group. You will be
graded based on the rubric below.
Rubric for PowerPoint Presentation in Who Am I?

CATEGORY 4 3 2 1
Background Background does not Background does Background does not Background makes it
not
detract from text or detract from text or detract from text or difficult to see text or
other graphics. Choice other graphics. other graphics. competes with other
of background is Choice of Choice of graphics on the
appropriate for this background could background foes not page.
project. have been better fit project.
suited for the
project.
Text - Font Choice Font formats (e.g., Font formats have Font formatting has Font formatting
& Formatting color, bold, italic) have been carefully been carefully makes it very difficult to
been carefully planned planned to enhance planned to read the material.
to enhance readability readability. complement the
and content. content. It may be a
little hard to read.
Spelling and Presentation has no Presentation has 1-2 Presentation has 1-2 Presentation has
Grammar misspellings or misspellings, but no grammatical errors more than 2
grammatical errors. grammatical errors. but no misspellings. grammatical and/or
spelling errors.
Use of Graphics All graphics are A few graphics are All graphics are Several graphics are
attractive (size and not attractive but all attractive but a few unattractive AND
colors) and support support the do not seem to detract from the
the
theme/content of the theme/content of the support the content of the
presentation. presentation. theme/content of the presentation.
presentation.
Effectiveness Project includes all Project includes Project is missing Project is lacking
most
material needed to material needed to more than two key several key elements
gain
a comfortable gain a comfortable elements. and has inaccuracies
understanding of the understanding of the
time period chosen. time period chosen.
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Lesson 3: Strategies in Making a Visual Aid

Lesson Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the student must be able to:
a) identify helpful tips and strategies in making visual aids
b) create a visual aid employing the proper strategies

Introduction
Visual aids comprise a wide variety of items, graphs, photographs, videos, handouts,
slides, posters, models, objects, and many others. All of these visual aids are meant to
reinforce the main message of the speaker. The following guidelines are key to a
successful creation and presentation of visual aids.
1. Relevancy. Visual aids should be relevant to the speech.
2. Appropriateness. Visual aids should also be appropriate to the occasion.
3. Attractiveness. An attractive visual aid will produce a positive impact on the
message delivery.
4. Visibility. Visual aids must be appropriately sized and legible.
5. Variation. Different types of visual aids could be incorporated and combined such
as graphs, charts, diagrams, images, sounds, videos if possible.
Key Concept:
Visual aids are graphics of a visual manner used in addition to spoken information.
Visual aids are often used in public speaking and formal events whereas presentations
could be used in almost all occasion both formal and informal.

Let’s Get Started!

What kind of a
learner are you?
Study the given
visual on the right
and determine what
type of a learner are
you. There are many
ways in how you
could learn. You do
not necessarily
belong to only one
type. Cite three types
where you often
learn best and
explain why.
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Let’s Learn!

Strategies in Using Visual Aids

Speakers have been using different kinds of visual aids, both old and new, to make their
presentation easier to understand and deliver their message clearly. The following are the
different kinds of visual aids and the strategies on how to use them effectively.
a) PowerPoint
Microsoft PowerPoint is widely used for presentations because it could create attractive and
professional presentations. It is easy to modify and reorganize contents using slides
compared to other visual aids. The advantage of being able to insert a wide range of
videos, audios, animations, and other things into the slides help in catching the
audience’s attention better. Tips:
1. Have a clear and simple background.
2. Avoid using too many different types of fonts or font sizes.
3. Only use animations for a purpose, such as, to reveal the stages of a process,
otherwise this can be distracting and look amateurish.
4. Use a large font size - a minimum of 24pt.
5. Use bullet points to summarize key points.
6. Consider providing handouts of diagrams because the audience will find the
diagrams easier to read.
7. Avoid putting too much text on a slide.
8. Avoid using red or green text as it's difficult to read.
9. There should only be one key point for each slide.
10. Always have a back-up plan in case there is a technical issue and you cannot
show the visuals on the day, for example, bring handouts or a poster.

b) Whiteboards
Whiteboards are great for providing further explanations, such as, showing the order of a
process, creating diagrams or explaining complex words or phrases. They are
generally used for writing headings, important information to be displayed for the entire
duration, and to note the suggestions given by the audience. Tips:
1. Ensure that enough time has passed for the audience to take notes before
rubbing something off of the whiteboard.
2. Write concisely to avoid facing away from the audience for too long.
3. Handwriting must be large and legible.

c) Handouts
Handouts are papers that contain key information from your presentation or they may
provide further information. They are generally used when the topic is too complex to
understand just by speaking. Speakers must consider when to give the audience the
handouts:
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1. If given at the beginning and middle of the presentation, the audience may be
reading rather than listening or they might not pay attention to the lecture as they
already have the information.
2. If given at the end of the presentation, the audience may be trying to take lots of
notes which may reduce the amount of information they are actually understanding.
To manage this, provide the audience with partially completed handouts so they will
have to listen to what you're saying to be able to fill in the gaps. Providing the audience
with graphs and charts beforehand is also beneficial because the audience will find them
easier to read than, for example, from a slide.

d) Video clips
Video is a type of presentation that gives an opportunity to show visual information. Videos
can be used to bring pictures, movement, and sound into presentation. Tips:
1. Ensure that any videos used are relevant to the presentation's content.
2. Only show as much of the video as necessary.
3. Never show a really long clip.
4. Inform the audience how long the video will last.

e) Flip chart
Flip charts offer a low cost and low tech solution to record and convey information as you
speak. They're more beneficial for smaller audiences and they are favored for brainstorming
sessions as you can gather ideas easily. Flip charts are also widely used for
summarizing information and, like with a whiteboard, you can use them to show permanent
background information. Tips:
1. Place the flip chart in a location that you can easily access.
2. Flip charts can be moved so you can avoid facing away from the audience - stand
next to it and continue to face the audience.
3. Have only one main idea per sheet.
4. Write legibly, largely and in block capitals so it's more visible.
5. Check with the audience that they can read the text - do not use a flipchart if there is
a large audience.
6. Only write in black and blue ink. Red ink is good for circling or underlining.
7. Flip back through the sheets to consolidate points.

f) Posters
Poster boards can be created using a variety of visual devices, such as graphs and images.
However, they can be expensive to produce if the poster is quite complex. Tips:
1. One poster per message or theme
2. Use colour
3. Use block capitals
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Avoid using posters when presenting to large audiences as they will not be able to see the
content

1. Product, objects or artefacts

2. Objects can be useful tools for making an impact or even for making a dull topic
more interesting. Sometimes they will be needed for technical and practical reasons,
such as, showing a model or conducting an experiment. Tips:

a) If you are presenting to a small audience, consider passing the object around but
provide enough time so they won't have to divide their attention between the
object and what you're saying.
b) If the audience is large, ensure that you move the object around so everyone sees it.
c) The audience will be more distracted from what you're saying when they're
looking at the object so keep it hidden until the right time and provide the
background information before revealing it.
d) Explain why you're using the object.

Let’s Do It!
Pen your ideas. In your own words, explain the most important strategy that you have
learned in using the following visual aids.
Power Point: ____________________________________________________________
Whiteboards: _____________________________________________________________
Handouts : ______________________________________________________________
Video Clips: _____________________________________________________________
Flip charts: _______________________________________________________________
Posters: _______________________________________________________________
Products objects or artifacts:
_________________________________________________
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Name: Course/Year/Section: _
Class Schedule: _

Let’s Test What You Know!

Pitch something. Form a group with 5 members. Create a 3-minute video clip advertising a
local product/cuisine or tourism site in your locality. Video clip should contain a post credit
before or after the actual advertisement to identify the group members. Remember to work
together in this project (despite the distance) and assign various roles to each member i.e.
script writer, content, manager, producer, videographer, video editor, sound editor, actor, etc.
You will be graded based on the given rubric.
Rubric for Video Project (Pitch In!)

Excellent (5pts) Good (4pts) Satisfactory (3pts) Needs Improvement (1-

2pts)
Concept The video clearly The video The video The video does not
demonstrates a key demonstrates key demonstrates a demonstrate a clear
concept. concepts. previous concept. concept.
Design The quality and The quality and The quality and The quality and
materials in the video materials in the materials in the video materials in the video
are very well video adequately lacked some are not organized and
organized and organized and organization and lack clarity.
understandable. somewhat clear. 50% clear.
Participation All members The majority of the Half of the group did Only one person
demonstrate an active members most of the work. demonstrated an active
role in the process. demonstrate an role.
active role.
Final Product Final product looks Final product looks Final product l Final product looks
professional and the decent and the required more unrefined and the
concepts were visibly concepts were revisions and the concepts were not
demonstrated. somewhat concepts were not demonstrated.
demonstrated. clearly
demonstrated.
 Module

Lesson 4: Appropriate Medium to a Communication Situation

Lesson Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the student must be able to:
a) differentiate face-to-face, written, oral, web-based, and other typical medium in
communication;
b) explain the importance of using the appropriate medium in any communication
situation.

Introduction
A communication channel is the medium, mean, manner or method through which a
message is sent to its intended receiver. The basic channels are written (hard copy print or
digital formats), oral or spoken, and electronic and multimedia. Communications can be rich
or lean. Channel richness refers to the amount and immediacy of information that can be
transmitted.

Key Concept:
Channel richness refers to the amount of nonverbal communication provided and
the immediacy of feedback.

Let’s Get Started!

What Medium Should I Use? Follow the link below and watch the video entitled “Part 3 of the
Communication Situation: What Medium Should I Use?” in Youtube. The video is only 2 minutes
and 43 seconds. It will help you understand how to choose the right medium for the message, the
receiver, and the context. Afterwards, write down three sentences in the notepad below to
narrate what you have remembered most from the video.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aSRONpqG7BA
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Let’s Learn!

Appropriate Medium to a Communication Situation

In the communication process, a medium is a channel or system of communication—the
means by which information (the message) is transmitted between a speaker or writer (the
sender) and an audience (the receiver). The plural form is media, and the term is also
known as a channel. The medium used to send a message may range from an individual's
voice, writing, clothing, and body language to forms of mass communication such as
newspapers, television, and the internet.

Choosing the Right Channels for your Messages

a) Oral Communications
Oral channels depend on the spoken word. They are the richest mediums. These channels
deliver low-distortion messages because body language and voice intonation also provide
meaning for the receiver. They allow for immediate feedback of the communication to the
sender. Oral channels are generally used in organizations when there is a high likelihood of
the message creating anxiety, confusion, or an emotional response in the audience. Oral
communication includes:
1. face-to-face
2. in-person presentations
3. mobile phone conferences
4. group presentations,
5. telephone
6. video meetings
7. conferences
8. speeches
9. lectures

b) Written Communications
Written communications are among the leaner business communications. The writer must
provide enough context so that the words can be interpreted easily. Written messages are
effective in transmitting large messages. Formal business communications, such as job offer
letters, contracts and budgets, proposals and quotes, should always be written. Written
communication includes:
1. e-mails
2. texts
3. memos
4. letters
5. documents
6. reports
7. newsletters
8. spreadsheets, etc.
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Electronic (Multimedia) Communications

Electronic communications allow messages to be sent instantaneously and globally. People
can talk face-to-face across enormous distances. Marketing and advertising can be targeted
to many different types of customers, and business units can easily communicate in real
time. This growing category of communication channel include:
1. Television broadcasts
2. phone calls
3. web-based communications such as social media, interactive blogs, public and
company web pages, Facebook, and Twitter
Source: Nordquist, Richard. (2020, August 29). What Does Medium Mean in the Communication Process?
Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/medium-communication-term-1691374

Let’s Do It!
The following are messages, its example situation and the appropriate medium or
channel to convey the message. Certain messages need to be conveyed in a specific
manner. However, there are also other alternative means to convey messages when certain
situations arise. In the next table, supply the channel which you think would be most
appropriate for the message and example situation.

Message Example Channel

Social issues Climate Cooperation Printed or electronic information (e-mail,
Psychosocial issues intranet or billboard). Psychosocial issues
should be addressed at group meetings or
individually.
Operational Who is doing what Printed or electronic information. 1-on-1
communication when and how with individuals or with does who are
involved.
Feedback Achievements 1-on-1 with individuals. Praise and
Praise Criticism achievements can be communicated to
groups
News and status Briefings Printed or electronic information that is
Recruitments Events very well suited to be followed up on
Projects meetings.

Financial information Forecasts Results Printed or electronic information that is

Financial news very well suited to be followed up on
meetings. Important to simplify and to use
illustrations.
Strategic Visions Dialogue in meetings – with printed or
communication Goals/objectives electronic information as background and
Strategies preparation.
Organisational
changes
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Electronic (Multimedia) Communications

Electronic communications allow messages to be sent instantaneously and globally. People
can talk face-to-face across enormous distances. Marketing and advertising can be targeted
to many different types of customers, and business units can easily communicate in real
time. This growing category of communication channel include:
1. Television broadcasts
2. phone calls
3. web-based communications such as social media, interactive blogs, public and
company web pages, Facebook, and Twitter
Source: Nordquist, Richard. (2020, August 29). What Does Medium Mean in the Communication Process?
Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/medium-communication-term-1691374

Let’s Do It!
The following are messages, its example situation and the appropriate medium or
channel to convey the message. Certain messages need to be conveyed in a specific
manner. However, there are also other alternative means to convey messages when certain
situations arise. In the next table, supply the channel which you think would be most
appropriate for the message and example situation.

Message Example Channel

Social issues Climate Cooperation Printed or electronic information (e-mail,
Psychosocial issues intranet or billboard). Psychosocial issues
should be addressed at group meetings or
individually.
Operational Who is doing what Printed or electronic information. 1-on-1
communication when and how with individuals or with does who are
involved.
Feedback Achievements 1-on-1 with individuals. Praise and
Praise Criticism achievements can be communicated to
groups
News and status Briefings Printed or electronic information that is
Recruitments Events very well suited to be followed up on
Projects meetings.

Financial information Forecasts Results Printed or electronic information that is

Financial news very well suited to be followed up on
meetings. Important to simplify and to use
illustrations.
Strategic Visions Dialogue in meetings – with printed or
communication Goals/objectives electronic information as background and
Strategies preparation.
Organisational
changes
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What’s the Best Channel? Supply the channel which you think would be most appropriate
for the message and example situation. Be specific in citing the channel that you would be
using.

Message Situation Channel

Social issues Dispute in the barangay

Values Dispute with your sibling

Financial information Losing your ATM card or

credit card.

Feedback Returning an expired food

you bought from the
grocery

Operational Working on a video project

communication with your classmates
 Module

Name: Course/Year/Section: _
Class Schedule: _

Let’s Test What You Know!

Media Trade-Offs: There are both good and bad things that could happen in using any medium
or media text. As a student, you have to be keen in recognizing the two sides of its effects. Give
the pros and cons in using a medium below. An example is provided for you. Answer the
remaining items.
Media Good Bad
Ex. Watching television Bonding with family, Being idle and
gain knowledge inactive, not much
physical movement,
too many
advertisements
1 Posting comments in
Facebook

2 Listening to news in the

radio

3 Texting

4 Making/Watching Tiktok
Videos

5 Telephone calls