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CÂU CH NG, B NG (1)

I. KH I NI M CÂU CH NG, B NG

Câu ch ng: là câu mà ch ng i ho c v t th c hi ng.

Ex: People speak English all over the world.

Câu b ng: là câu mà ch ng là i ho c v t ch u s ng c ng.

Ex: English is spoken all over the world.

: Không ph i c ch ng i thì là ch ng, ch ng là v t thì là b ng.

Ex: The students were punished yesterday.

Hanoi has changed a lot in the past five years.

: Chúng ta không dùng c u trúc b ng v i các n ng t

Ex: They have a nice house.

II. QUY T C CHUY N CÂU CH NG SANG B NG

To be + Past participle

Th b ng c a c c th :

Qu kh Hi n t i

Was/were + PII Am/is/are + PII Will + be + PII

Ti p di n Was/were + being+ Am/is/are + being+ ___________

PII PII

Ho n th nh Had+ been + PII Have/has + been+ Will have + been +

PII PII

n ng t khuy t thi u

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am/is/are + going to be + PII Modal verbs (can/could/may/might/must/ought

to/should) + be + PII

M ts quan tr ng:

cd di t nh ng s vi c gây b t ng ho c kh
ch u:

Ex: There was an accident in the street but nobody got hurt. = nobody was hurt.

The eggs got broken. = The eggs were broken.

Trong câu b ng, n u tân ng không x nh (peop

b

Ex:

The flowers are not watered in the morning.

V tr c a tr ng t ho c c m tr ng t trong câu b ng:

i v i tr ng t ch c ch th c c a h ng, th n s ng t .

Ex: The problem has been carefully studied by the scientists.

ng sau tr ng t ch nv c tr ng t ch th i gian:

Ex: He was found in the forest by the police.

The report was typed by the secretary this morning.

Ta c th d ch d ng c , công c ho c nguyên li c
s d ng.

Ex: He was shot (by the policeman) with a rifle.

The room was filled with smoke.

1. Simple present:

S + V (s/es) + Object

S + am/is/are + PII + by + O

Ex: We don't watch films in the evening.

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They sweep the streets every night.

=> The streets are swept every night.

What do they call the new hotel?

=> What is the new hotel called?

2. Present continuous:

S + am/is/are + V.ing + Object

S + am/is/are + being + PII + by + O

Ex: They are building a bridge over the river.

=> A bridge idd being built over the river.

Are they upgrading the road leading to the city centre?

=> Is the road leading to the city centre being upgraded (by them)?

3. Present perfect:

S +have/has + PII +Object

S + have/has + been + PII + by + O

: Th hi n t i ho n th nh ti p di n không c d ng b ng.

Ex:

=> Nothing in the room has been moved since 1999.

The terrorist has kept three hostages for a week.

=> Three hostages have been kept by the terrorist for a week.

4. Simple past

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S + Past of Verb (V-ed/P-Irregular) + Object

S + was/were + PII + by + O

Ex: The thieves broke into the house.

=> The house was broken into by the thieves.

home.

5. Past continuous:

S + was/were + V-ing + Object

S + was/were + being + PII + by + O

Ex: They were doing a physical experiment when I was there.

=> A physical experiment was being done by them when I was there.

Tom was writing 2 poems.

=> 2 poems were being written by Tom.

6. Past perfect:

S + had + PII + Object

S + had + been + PII + by + O

ng c a thì quá kh hoàn thành ti p di n.

Ex: Nobody told me that they had discharged John from hospital.

=> I was not told that John had been discharged from hospital.

They had taken the victim to hospital before the police came.

=> The victim had been taken to hospital before the police came.

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7. Simple future:

S + will/shall + V+ Object

S + will/shall+ be + PII + by + O

p di n không có d ng b ng.

Ex: They will change the date of the meeting again.

=> The date of the meeting will be changed again.

The examiner will read the passage three times.

=> The passage will be read three times by the examiner.

8. Future perfect

S + will/shall + V+ Object

S + will/shall+ have been + PII + by + O

Ex: By the time you come back, they will have finished the project.

=> By the time you come back, the project will have been finished.

By the time you come back here in 5 years' time, they will have knocked down those
houses.

=> Those houses will have been knocked down by the time you come back here in 5
years' time.

9. Near future

S + am/is/are + going to + V-inf + O

S + am/is/are + going to be + PII + by + O

Ex: We are going to make him the monitor of our class.

=> He is going to made the monitor of our class.

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10. Modals and Auxiliary in the passive voice

S + modal verbs (can/could/may/might/must/ought to/should) + V-inf + O.

S + modal verbs (can/could/may/might/must/ought to/should) + be + PII + by + O.

Ex:

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