ME 231 A

Fluid Mechanics

Sachin Y. Shinde
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Indian Institute of Technology,
Kanpur, India.

Module: 4 January 2021

Module: 4
Part-02
Flow Kinematics–A: Deformation of a Fluid Particle

References: 1. Fluid Mechanics – F M White

2. Fluid Mechanics - Kundu, Cohen, Dowling
3. Dr. S Mittal’s Notes
4. Fundamental Mechanics of Fluids – I G Currie
5. Fundamentals of Aerodynamics – J Anderson Jr.
 Motion & Deformation of a Fluid Element
➢ We will look more closely at the motion and deformation of a fluid element

➢ We will focus on how a fluid element gets deformed while moving and how the motion
and deformations are connected to certain flow quantities like shear, rotation rate,
strain rate, etc.
 Fluid Element in a 2-D Flow Field

➢ We will consider a 2D velocity field and a 2D fluid element for further

analysis of motion and deformations
 Deformation of a Fluid Element

➢ Fluid element undergoes four different

types of Deformations

➢ Translation

➢ Rotation

➢ Shear deformation / Angular

deformation

➢ Dilation / Dilatation / Extension /

Extensional Strain
 Deformation of a Fluid Element

➢ Fluid element undergoes four different types of Deformations

➢ Translation

➢ Rotation

➢ Shear

➢ Dilation / Dilatation / Extensional Strain

1. Translation
2. Rotation
3. Shear Deformation / Angular Deformation
4. Dilation / Dilatation / Extension / Extensional Strain
Caution: We are Dealing with Fluids!
Plan: Details of Defamations

➢ Let’s Focus on this figure and

look at the details of the four
different types of deformations

➢ We will do the arithmetic of the

fluid element deformations
1. Translation
Translation
2. Rotation
 Rotation Rate

➢ For Fluids, We are interested in ROTATION RATE

 Caution + Important: Convention
➢ We follow the following conventions
Rate of Rotation
Intro
Extremely Important
Example-1: Irrotational Flow
Example-1: Rotational Flow
Example-2:

Circular
Streamline
Condition of Irrotationality: 2D Flows
 That’s it..!