SEISMIC DESIGN &

QUALIFICATION
2016 VMA Meeting
New Orleans, LA

Dr. M.S. Kalsi, PhD, PE

Nimish Jagtap

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Presentation Outline
• Introduction & Kalsi Engineering, Inc. Background
• Purpose
• Background
• Industry Standards
• Methods/Examples
• Conclusions

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 Kalsi Engineering, Inc. (KEI) KVAP Software Meeting

Presented to:
VC Summer
March, 2016

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 Introduction – KEI Background

Kalsi Engineering, Inc. (KEI)

• Serving clients for over 37 years (founded 1978)
• Engineering services: Design, analysis, testing, R&D
• Industry wide recognized specialist in valves, seals,
& mechanical equipment
• Nuclear power industry
• Oilfield/petrochemical industries

• Advanced models, software, hardware, test facilities

& patented technologies
• Offices in Sugar Land, TX and Charlotte, NC

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 KEI Facilities in Sugar Land, Texas
(Satellite Office in Charlotte, NC)

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 Introduction: World-Wide Client Base & Alliances
EPRI NSSS Owners Groups
• EPRI MOV PPM • BWROG – App III Implementation guide
• EPRI AOV Guide • PWROG
• Valve Application Guides
• Thermal Binding
• Friction Testing

Joint Utility Groups U.S. SBIR (11 Awards)

• Limitorque re-rating • DOE
• LiFE (LTAFLA) • NRC
• Kalsi Pressure Locking/ • NASA
Thermal Binding (KPLTB • DOD
Software)
Kalsi-funded
• Patented Products NIC
• KVAP, CVAP, LiFE • Check Valve Guide
Electric Utilities • MOV Actuator Test • Non-intrusive Trending/
• Root Cause Analysis Stand Condition Monitoring
• Valve Programs
P0001632

• Plant specific International Clients

analysis/testing • •
Canada Mexico Industry Partners
• Static/Dynamic Sealing • France • Japan • GE/Crane - Sentinel Valve
• Training • Korea • Britain • EdF – Valve R&D
• Switzerlan • Taiwan • Iberdrolla – Valve Services
d • Spain • AECL (CANDU Energy) – Valve
• Romania Services
State-of-the-art technology & established technical leadership

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 Tracking & Trending – ASME OM Code
Appendices III and IV
KVAP 4.0 ASME OM Code Appendix III and IV Support

App III&IV IST

Outside DP Test Data Preservice &

KVAP (As required) Inservice Test

Test Results Test Data

App III & IV App III & IV

Design Basis Verification Test - DBR Analysis & Evaluation of Test Data

Verification of Operational
Readiness & Test Interval
DataSheet

Valve Data
Actuator Data Validation of Verification of Tracking &
KVAP Design Basis Test Acceptance
System Data Test Acceptance Functional Trending of Key
Calculation & Set-up Criteria
Risk Ranking Criteria Margin Data
JOG Class

Adjustments
KVAP Calculation Engine KVAP Tracking & Trending
DiaCom

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 MOVs & AOVs AOVs AOVs AOVs
App III & IV IST
Performed
DP Test Data Preservice &
Outside of KVAP
(As required) Inservice Test

Test Results Test Data

App III & IV
App III & IV
Design Basis Verification Test
Analysis & Evaluation of Test Data
- DBR
Verification of Operational
Readiness & Test Interval
DataSheet

Valve Data
Actuator Data Validation of Verification of Tracking &
Design Basis Test Acceptance
System Data Test Acceptance Functional Trending of Key
Calculation & Set-up Criteria
Risk Ranking Criteria Margin Data
JOG Class

Adjustments
KVAP Calculation Engine KVAP Tracking & Trending
DiaCom

KVAP® Provides Seamless Integration with

Diagnostic Test Platforms
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KVAP Tracking & Trending
Quantifying, Tracking & Trending Functional Margin under Design Basis Accident Conditions

Appendix III
Functional Margin Projection

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Purpose
“The seismic qualification of active mechanical equipment
should demonstrate the ability of the active mechanical
equipment to perform its specified function during and/or
after the time it is subjected to the earthquake loadings
defined in the seismic qualification specification.”
• ASME QME-1-2012

Valve assembly functional evaluations include:

• Stress level
• Clearances
• Fatigue usage
• Operation of actuator and associated controls during and after the
test, as required
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Background
• Earthquakes create
ground motions
• Ground motion is
random,
broadband, and
can occur over a
frequency of 1 Hz
to 33 Hz (or
greater)
• Ground motions
induce vibration
into structures

May, 1940 El Centro, CA Earthquake North-South Time History Plots

Newmark, N. M, and Hall, W. J. 1976. “Part 1: Vibration of Structures Induced by Ground Motion,” Chapter 29, Shock and
Vibration Handbook, 2nd Edition, New York, McGraw Hill.

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Seismic Hazard Map

from: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/hazards/products/conterminous/
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Background
• US Nuclear Regulatory Commission in Regulatory Guide
1.60 (Rev. 2, 2014) concludes that high frequency
motions at central and eastern United States (CEUS) rock
sites may be significantly greater than motions recorded
at western United States (WUS) rock sites.

• Vibration imparted to valves depend on mounting type:

• Mounted to foundation: Mounting structure modifies the ground
motion, but it remains random, multi-frequency. This motion is
described in a required response spectra (RRS).
• Line mounted: Ground motion excites the line at a single
frequency; described in terms of required input motion (RIM).

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DRS (Design Response Spectra) for
Equipment Mounted to Foundation

Design Response Spectra for various damping levels from NRC RG 1.60
For 1g PGA (Peak Ground Acceleration), need to be scaled for other PGA
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RIM (required input motion) for Line Mounted
Equipment (IEEE-382)

Required Input Motion (IEEE-382)

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Qualification Methods
1. Testing
• Rigid assemblies - Static side load testing (QME-1 2012)
• Line Mounted Equipment – Single axis testing using sine beat or
sine dwell at discrete frequencies to envelope RIM
• Hard Mounted Equipment – Random, multi-frequency testing to
envelope RRS
2. Analysis
• Static – applying a force equivalent to the max acceleration level
• Dynamic – calculating natural frequencies and/or stresses due to
applied spectrum
3. Combination of Testing and Analysis
• Most effective for qualifying entire product line

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Qualification Methods
Choice of testing, analysis, or combination depends on:
• Rigidity of valve assembly
• Rigid equipment can be tested and analyzed statically
• Rigid = lowest natural frequency of the valve assembly is greater
than the cutoff or zero period acceleration (ZPA) frequency of the
response spectrum (no amplification due to seismic excitation).
• Complexity of valve assembly geometry
• Complex geometry may require 3D modeling
• Size of valve assembly
• Seismic test stands have size and weigh limitations
• Characteristics of the product to be qualified
• Single size favors testing, multiple sizes favor combined methods

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Industry Standards – Valve Assembly
• ASME QME-1-2012, Qualification of Active Mechanical
Equipment Used in Nuclear Power Plants
• IEEE-344-2004, IEEE Recommended Practice for
Seismic Qualification of Class 1E Equipment for Nuclear
Power Generating Stations
• IEEE-382-2006, IEEE Standard for Qualification of Safety-
Related Actuators for Nuclear Power Generating Stations

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Seismic Design Conditions
• Operating Basis Earthquake (OBE)
• Reasonable earthquake level expected for the region and plant
operation is not affected
• Often taken as 2/3 SSE levels
• Safe-Shutdown Earthquake (SSE)
• Maximum potential earthquake for the region
• Critical system integrity must be assured, but plant will be shut
down

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Methods - Testing
• Exploratory (Resonant Search)
• Shaker table (preferred) using sine sweep at low excitation levels
• Impact test – may not be reliable due to damping, non-linear behavior
• Operating Basis Earthquake (OBE)
• Sine sweep typically at 2/3 SSE acceleration levels
• Safe-Shutdown Earthquake (SSE)
• Line mounted: Single axis, Sine beat RIM test
• Foundation mounted: Tri-axial multi-frequency test. TRS should bound RRS

• Static Side Load Testing (QME-1 2012)

• Side load = A*Fq; A=1.1 (rigid), 1.65 (flexible), Fq: Qualification load
• While pressurized, test loads are applied in a direction producing the
most deflection/stresses.
• Valve is stroked to verify functionality
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Methods - Testing
• Required Input Motion (RIM) OBE/SSE Test Illustration

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Methods - Testing
• Required Response Spectra (RRS) Tri-Axial Test Illustration

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Test-Analysis
Corroboration

Analysis Result Test Result

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Qualification by Analysis Procedure
Analytical methods are applicable to valve/actuator assemblies where
all safety-related strength and functional performance features can be
effectively modeled and evaluated.

1. Analyze the valve assembly to assess dynamic characteristics

2. Determine the equipment response under the RRS (stresses,
deformation, displacements, rotations, loads, loss or initiation of
contact at interface, etc.)
3. Based on the equipment response, ensure compliance with the
specified functional requirements

Analytical models validated by judicially selected test prototypes is the

most efficient approach to extend the applicability of testing to the
entire product line.

(Ref. ASME QME-1, QR-A7110)

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Methods - Analysis
• Dynamic Analysis
• Rigid: Use ZPA
• Flexible: Modal analysis with time history or response spectrum inputs
• More complex
• Valve assembly anlytical model shall have sufficient detail to:
• Mathematically represent all significant vibration modes and allow
evaluation of all pertinent failure modes
• Illustrate the relative motion at key intersection points
• Static Analysis
• Static coefficient approach (1.5 x g level) applied to center of mass
• Simple but more conservative
• All operating loads shall be concurrently applied with seismic
loads
• Internal pressure
• Thrust/torque from actuator

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Methods – Analysis: Modal, Static Stress Analysis

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Methods - Static Analysis for Structural/Fatigue Evaluation

Model Stress Intensity

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Methods – Analysis: Modal Analysis

Diaphragm Valve 1st Mode Shape

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Methods – Analysis: Modal Analysis

Diaphragm Valve 2nd Mode Shape

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Methods - Analysis
• Calculation of deflections and clearances evaluate the
potential for binding, e.g., between stem & bonnet, stem &
packing gland etc.

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Methods – Analysis: Modal Analysis of a Gate Valve

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Methods – Analysis: Modal Analysis of a Gate Valve

Natural Frequency and Mode Shape for the First Mode

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Methods – Analysis: Modal Analysis of a Gate Valve

Natural Frequency and Mode Shape for the Second Mode

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Conclusions
• Qualification by analysis is suitable when valve assembly
geometry and key features can be adequately modeled
• Analysis can also be used to extend test results to higher
acceleration or frequency conditions
• Testing generally provides more detailed results.
However, precautions should be taken to ensure test
configuration provides results that are representative of
the “as installed” configuration.

Analysis-testing combination is the most effective approach

for qualifying a product line by appropriately accounting for
variations in key design parameters.

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Questions?

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