Master of Education

Universitas Pelita Harapan

Shift Paradigm e-Learning

Pujianto Yugopuspito

10 November 2007
Outline

What is e-Learning?

Probable Future Directions

Down to Earth

2
What is e-Learning?
 Various e-Learning Definitions (1)

A development of educational processes driven by
possibilities enabled by new technology [The Higher Education
Academy]

Use of Information Technology to enhance learning [Irish

Learning Technology Institute]

“E-learning refers to education that is enhanced by or
delivered via the Internet.” [Cisco]

E-learning refers to technology-enabled learning, including
online programs, computer- or Web-based training, virtual
classrooms and digital collaboration, and technology-
assisted distance learning. [Motorola University]

E-learning is a term used to describe electronically delivered
learning methods such as CD-ROM, web-based learning,
online assessments, web-based reinforcement tools, and
online coaching. [Collaborative E-Learning Communities] 4
 Various e-Learning Definitions (2)

“eLearning means using new multimedia technologies and
the Internet to improve the quality of learning by facilitating
access to facilities and services as well as remote
exchanges and collaboration. [European ODL Liaison
Committee]

“E-learning refers to the use of Internet technologies to
deliver a broad array of solutions that enhance knowledge
and performance.” [Kevin Kruse]

“–refers to any type of learning that uses electronic media. It
means many different things to people but is a popular
media buzz word and should be avoided.” [Plymouth State
University]

E-learning is the empowerment of students to use
technology to enhance their learning on their terms with the
direction of an instructor/teacher [Microsoft Canada]
5
Evolution of e-Learning

1st Generation, 1980s
 CD-ROM Contents
 Manual Management
 Low learning effectiveness and reach

2nd Generation, 1990s
 Web Contents
 Manual management, admin operation
 Moderate learning effectiveness and reach

3rd Generation, 2000s
 Enrich Web Contents
 Web Management, admin assist
 High learning effectiveness and reach

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 What is “e-Learning”?

e-Learning is NOT just …
 Web-based Training
 Computer-based Training
 Conversion of text from hard
to soft copy online
 Online PowerPoint
presentations
 Video streaming of lectures
 Facilitation of online
discussion

It is all plus…
 Virtual Classroom (Virtual
Community) {voice/video
conferencing, live
presentation tools,
application sharing, chat,
live voting …}
 Learning Management
System {managing course &
course registration; tracking
student registration, access
& progress; course
scheduling & administration
including instructor,
reporting }
 Learning Objects {Learning
objectives, learning path, pre
& post assessment}
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 e-Learning Universe
• 24 x 7 Help Desk
• Instructional Design
• Course Development
• Multimedia Production
• Program Consulting
• Strategy Consulting
• Evaluation Administration
Services
• Portals
• Hosting
• Maintenance
• Assessment
• Monitoring
Content • Content Creation
• Content Customization
• Curriculum Design
• Teaching Solution
• Collaboration Tools
• Online Evaluation Tools
• Online Survey Tools
• Online Registration
• Student Information Systems
Technology
• Creation and capturing
• Hardware
• Software
• System Management
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E-Learning Paradigm

More than simply the presentation of educational
materials on the computer screen, e-Learning is a
collection of processes:
 the sole purpose of which is to provide a more
comprehensive and productive experience for the learner,
educator and administrator.

”Situations where both social interaction and

collaboration as well as ICT has a fundamental role in
learning and the acquiring of knowledge”

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e-Learning Paradigm Shift

From teacher-centered instruction to student-centered
instruction

From single-sense stimulation to multisensory
stimulation

From single media to multimedia

From isolated work to collaborative work

From information delivery to information exchange

From passive learning to active/inquiry-based learn

From factual to critical thinking

From knowledge-based to informed decision making

From isolated to authentic

From artificial context to real-world context

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 Manfaat e-Learning
Bagi Guru/Dosen :
• Pengajaran yang sistematis.
• Mempermudah persiapan
materi.
• Mempermudah pengulangan
materi pelajaran.
• Mempermudah pemantauan
materi yang belum dipahami
siswa.
• Paperless
Sekolah/Universitas:
• Mendukung kurikulum
berbasis kompetensi.
• Memudahkan Sekolah/
Universitas untuk standarisasi
pengajar.
• Pemantauan prestasi siswa.
• Manajemen Kampus/Sekolah
• Paperles
Siswa:
• Kemudahan pemahaman
materi di mana saja dan
kapan saja
• Mengubah cara belajar pasif
ke aktif dan mandiri
• Mengenalkan proses, tidak
hanya hasil belajar (input 
proses  output).
• Paperless
E-Learning
DikNas:
• Statistik dunia pendidikan (,
jumlah siswa, bidang studi,
pengajar, dsb.).
• Manajemen pendidikan
(kurikulum, regulasi).
Orang tua:
• Pemantauan prestasi belajar anak.
• Pemantauan kedisiplinan anak.
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Future Direction?
World’s Future Direction

References:
[1] Wentling et al., “The Future of e-Learning; A
Corporate and an Academic Perspective”, National
Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) of
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,
September 2000
[2] Polichino, “Future Directions in e-Learning
Research Report 2006”, The eLearning Guild
Research, April 2006
[3] The New Media Consortium and Educause Learning
Initiative, “The 2006 Horizon Report”, ISBN 0-
9765087-3-7
13
 NCSA[1] Scenario Perspective
Corporate: Academic:
#1 e-Work #1 A Day in the Life of
#2 Free Agent Learner
#3 Unlimited Bandwidth #2 Pie in the Sky
#4 Gloom #3 The important of
#5 e-Topia Socialization in e-
Learning
#4 Ubiquitous e-Learning

[1] Wentling et al., “The Future of e-Learning; A Corporate and an Academic

Perspective”, National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) of
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, September 2000
14
 Most Probable Corporate Scenario
#1 e-Work
Major Events Scenario Description

Everyone has a computer and its
Global work force
networked
World competition

Home and worked are merged –
Hyper-competition: competition
no distinction for employees, among

University provides core skills or companies
business provides its own
There is no, or very little
university management

Time in school varies base on
Employee works for multiple
job requirements companies

True knowledge worker society
Flexible work schedules

Undeveloped economies are ‘out
50% of things are purchased
of the game’ online

100% of company telecommutes
Traffic jams make travel

World currency. No physical impossible
currency
Fuel shortages, cost of fuel

All knowledge and training
Office buildings become vacant
functions outsourced
…

…
Source: [1] Wentling et al., “The Future of e-Learning; A Corporate and an Academic Perspective”,, September 2000 15
 Corporate Scenario
#2 Free Agent
Major Events: Scenario Description:

Degreed education and job
Training is “pull” model rather
education merge than “push”
 Employee paid for their
Individualized professional
learning structure (rather than
 Everyone is a trainer corporate)

Flattened organization
Changing personal values.
structures No buy in to corporate
 No career paths mission
 Many people are free agents
Changing corporate value.
(don’t work for companies) No loyalty to the employee

No salaries
Middle management being
 Individual charge to share fired
information
Increased outsourcing of
critical activities

Responsibility for education,
training shifting to employees

Source: [1] Wentling et al., “The Future of e-Learning; A Corporate and an Academic Perspective”,, September 2000 16
 Academic Scenario
#3 The Importance of Socialization in e-Learning

Technological Context, better technologies will allow more humanization.

 better voice recognition, bigger video screens, and improved
portability and access.
 the video will be seamless and thus, the interactions will really be in
real time and full size.
 these changes will be able to replace the traditional classroom with
minimal deficiencies, if any.

Human context, future technology appears to have some potential barriers.
 Learner more individualistic  encouraging group learning  sharing
& collaborative learning
 more work from the instructors  overloaded  no research 
evaluation standard changed
 “How do we deal with these interactions?”

Environmental context, still human.
 Face-to-face meeting still be necessary to hold at least once in the
beginning of the online learning session.
 Human still be needed to build a foundation and establish trust and
make people feel comfortable with one another.
 small schools within schools. (individuals with similar interests can
meet to discuss and share knowledge).
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Source: [1] Wentling et al., “The Future of e-Learning; A Corporate and an Academic Perspective”,, September 2000
 Most Probable Academic Scenario
#4 Ubiquitous e-Learning

e-Learning as a continuum
 the near end: a minor enhancement of traditional
teaching e.g. a Web Board, or online syllabus
 the far end: fully online, interactive, time and place
independent.
 take complete advantage of the technologies of the
web. Not only streaming video of a professor
lecturing from a traditional classroom. utilized full
advantage of an integrated, dynamic computer
system, that allows for knowledge hierarchies.
 most online learning falls somewhere on that
continuum.

Source: [1] Wentling et al., “The Future of e-Learning; A Corporate and an Academic Perspective”,, September 2000 18
 NSCA’s Future Perspective (1)
First, advanced in e-Learning technology will continue to occur. The
advances will be wireless, highly intelligent, interactive and
integrative, accessible and easy to use.
Second, e-Learning technologies will allow for a humanized learning
environment. Online teams will be able to see and hear each other
in real time on enlarged computer screens that will have high
resolution.
Third, e-learning will become a ‘matter of fact’ because e-Learning will
become so much a part of what we do and learn; the lines
between doing and learning will become blur.
Forth, e-Learning takes prominence in organizations, organizational
structures will continue to flatten, management levels will continue
to decrease, outsourcing will continue to increase and
telecommuting will become a norm in the organizational culture
Fifth, e-learning infrastructure will be responsive to learner diversity. In
term of age, nationality, ethnicity, educational background,
intelligence levels, learning styles, language and learners’ needs
Source: [1] Wentling et al., “The Future of e-Learning; A Corporate and an Academic Perspective”,, September 2000 19
 NSCA’s Future Perspective (2)
Sixth, e-Learning customers will be self-directed, operate on flextime,
be technologically savvy, have high collaborative fluency and be
intrinsically motivated to pursue life-long learning.
Seventh, e-Learning was also seen as a possible threat to
collaborative work, because of issues such as intellectual property,
everyone becoming interested in personal gain, and security
concerns.
Eighth, global partnerships between corporate and academics will
increase because e-Learning infrastructure will be so versatile and
integrative that it will facilitate quick connection, decrease
coordination cost, broaden the level and variety of resources,
address short-term and long-term needs, and have immediate
impact on the job.
Lastly, e-Learning will not operate on traditional norms of what a
standard education is, rather e-learning will be about meeting the
learner’s needs for improved performance.

Source: [1] Wentling et al., “The Future of e-Learning; A Corporate and an Academic Perspective”,, September 2000 20
 Research Report
Future Directions in e-Learning(1)
79% Rapid e-Learning design and development
77% Use of e-Learning to train customers and partners in addition to
employees
77% Use of complex media (e.g. simulations, collaborative tools,
databases, algorithmic interactions, flash, and streaming media) in
the development of e-Learning content
76% Measurement of e-Learning based on its impact on business
results
74% e-Learning designed to support and/or enhance informal learning
71% Design of modular learning objects (reusable in multiple media or
other contexts
69% Development and delivery of asynchronous e-Learning
69% e-Learning embedded in the learner’s workflow
67% e-Learning bundled with or embedded in products rather than
provided as a separate offering

[2] Polichino, “Future Directions in e-Learning Research Report 2006”, The 21

eLearning Guild Research, April 2006
 Research Report
Future Directions in e-Learning (2)
67% Learners assessed on a regular basis to determine the effectiveness of e-
Learning programs
64% Use of authoring tools that allow one person to design and produce
interactive e-Learning content (instead of differentiated design and
production roles)
64% Process and systems, such as content management systems, deployed
to facilitate the reuse of content and to enable output into multiple media
formats
61% Project management as a critical factor of successful development and
delivery of e-Learning
59% Use of design processes (e.g. application of learning theory selection of
appropriate media and interactions, or in-depth audience analysis)
59% Development and delivery of synchronous e-Learning
59% Training of instructors in synchronous e-Learning delivery skills
56% Specialization of e-Learning design and development professionals
54% Training for instructional designers
52% Development of e-Learning utilizing a work share relationship.

Source: [2] Polichino, “Future Directions in e-Learning Research Report 2006”, April 2006 22
 Research Report
New e-Learning Modalities

31% Blogging

31% Podcasting

38% Mobile learning

43% Games

Source: [2] Polichino, “Future Directions in e-Learning Research Report 2006”, April 2006 23
Mobile Learning

M-Learning is to the delivery of training by
means of mobile devices such as Mobile
Phones, PDAs and digital audio players, as
well as digital cameras and voice recorders,
pen scanners etc. [wikipedia]

Examples:
 Classroom experiments using mobile phone as
response medium, University of Sydney
 Learn Chinese via Mobile Phone, Rice University
 Pocket Education, Coventry University
[3] The New Media Consortium and Educause Learning
Initiative, “The 2006 Horizon Report”, ISBN 0-9765087-3-7 24
Game-based Learning

Games used for training, advertising, simulation, or
education that are designed to run on personal
computers (such as a PC running Microsoft Windows
or Linux) or video game consoles (such as the Xbox or
PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable, Nintendo DS Lite)
[wikipedia]

Examples:
 Basic Genetics at MIT: Live Long and Prosper, MIT
 Girls as Game Designer, Michigan State University
 Career Training for Students, Houston Community College,
Southwest: Digital Gaming Simulation Department
 Game Design: Intermediate Multimedia Authoring, Bradley
University
 Field Work in Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley

Source: [3] The New Media Consortium and Educause Learning Initiative, “The 2006 Horizon Report”, 25
Personal Broadcasting

Podcasting is the method of distributing multimedia
files, such as audio programs or music videos, over the
Internet using either the RSS or Atom syndication
formats, for playback on mobile devices and personal
computers. The term podcast like 'radio', can mean
both the content and the method of delivery. [wikipedia]

Examples:
 Artcasts, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA)
 Ask the Techies, Ohio University
 Audio/Video Broadcast, Interdisciplinary Center of e-Learning
(ICE) University of North Carolina at Greensboro
 Out of the Past: Investigating Film Noir, Saint Mary's Marry
College of California

Source: [3] The New Media Consortium and Educause Learning Initiative, “The 2006 Horizon Report”, 26
Visible Part of a Future Computer

27
Down to Earth
 Critical Success Factors

Improve Quality of Life Government Improve Public Services

Implement Entrepreneurships Promote Good Governance
Experience New Way of Life Utilise/Optimise National Assets
Find Ad-Hoc Solutions Empower Citizens Capabilities

E-GOVERNMENT

Increase Knowledge Base

Maximize Wealth
Conduct Quality Education
Improve Products Quality
Enhance Learning Experience
Expand Customers Network
Produce Intellectual Assets
Enhance Business Relationships

Community
E-CITIZENS
E-BUSINESS E-LEARNING

Industries Academics
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 Masalah Klasik di Indonesia
Mikro Makro

Kecukupan dana
Daya beli rendah

Kesiapan SDM
Buta teknologi

Kekurangan fasilitas
Tidak ada konteks

Ketidakjelasan tujuan
Bukan prioritas utama

Ketidaktahuan konsep
Kurang signifikan

Keterbatasan info.
Jauh dari kebutuhan

Ketakutan berubah
Untuk bangsa maju

Kebingungan memulai
Heterogenitas tinggi

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Most Probable Implementation of
e-Learning in Indonesia

Blended Learning: a combination of
multiple approaches to pedagogy or
teaching.

Example:
 self-paced, collaborative or inquiry-based
study. Blended learning can be
accomplished through the use of 'blended'
virtual and physical resources.
 combinations of technology-based materials
and traditional print materials.

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Thank You