THIRD QUARTER EXAM REVIEW GUIDE

PHYSICAL SCIENCE

 Massive star has a shorter life span than average stars because they have more fuel to burn.
 Supernova pertains to the explosion of a star that releases a large amount of energy that leads elements to be dispersed into space.
 Hydrogen and helium are major components of a star.
 The atomic number is equal to the number of electrons.
 Stellar nucleosynthesis is the process that creates elements within stars by combining the protons and neutrons together from the nuclei of
lighter elements.
 Hydrogen is the element pulled by gravity and turned into a protostar.
 Due to very strong gravitational force, it is impossible for any matter such as light and radiation to escape from a black hole
 The greater the electronegativity, the greater the tendency of an atom to attract electrons toward itself.
 Electronegativity is the relative ability of a bonded atom to attract shared pair of electrons
 Non polar molecules have highly symmetric molecular geometry.
 In a solution, like dissolves like.
 Particle accelerator is a device that is used to speed up the protons and synthesize new elements.
 S-process refers to the slow addition of neutrons to nuclei as compared to the beta-decay
 R-process pertains to the rapid addition of neutrons to existing nuclei before a beta-decay occurs.
 These are the properties of water:
 has high surface tension
 has high boiling point
 has low viscosity
 The stronger the intermolecular forces the higher the boiling point and melting point and the more viscous it is.
 The vapor pressure on top of the mountain is low so the cooking time will be longer since the temperature of the water is higher.
 The elements that make up carbohydrates are C, H, and O. Due to its structure, this organic molecule is soluble in water and serves as a
quick source of energy
 Glucose, galactose, and fructose are monosaccharides which means it has one saccharide only.
 Monomers of macromolecules:
o Nucleic acid: Nucleotide
o Protein: Amino acid
o Lipids: Fatty acid
 Collision theory states that for a chemical reaction to occur: there must have enough activation energy, reacting substances must come into
contact (collide); and the reacting substance must be in the correct orientation.
 Factor that affects the rate of chemical reactions are:
 Catalyst. Ex: Kalburo is use to speed-up the ripening of fruits
 Concentration. Ex: Acid rain erodes marble fast.
 Surface Area. Ex: A coal dust explosion happens in mines.
 Temperature. Ex: You can prolong the shelf-life of fresh chicken when placed in the refrigerator.
 Excess reagents are reactants that are not used up when the chemical reaction is finished
 If the theoretical value of the reactant is less than the actual value, then it is the limiting reactant.
 Balancing chemical equation
 .

 Non-renewable source pertains to energy that comes from sources that will run out or will not be replenished in our lifetimes.
 Solar energy: Solar panel
 Biomass: organic waste
 Geothermal power: Earth’s internal heat
 Wind power: Wind turbines
 Cleaning products can prevent the spread of infectious diseases and control allergens, such as dust and mold.
 Chlorine is the active component of bleach that can remove stains.
 Dishwashing liquid provides the chemical energy to help clean and remove food soil from different types of cooking and serving items
 Read carefully the product information in order to prevent any harm in using the cleaning products at home
 Foam enhancer helps create suds or bubbles in cleaning products.

*Notebooks will be signed TODAY by the class President. Thank you!