LAAK INSTITUTE FOUNDATION INCORPORATED

POBLACION LAAK, LAAK DAVAO DE ORO

MTLE 322 EPP SEMI-FINAL EXAMINATION
2ND SEMESTER SY 2023-2024

TEST I- Give at least 5 importance of fruit trees/trees at least 3 sentences.

Fruit trees or trees are important because they contribute a lot to our nation’s growth
and development. Serve as habitat for birds and other kinds of animals, give us
shade and pleasure, supply lumber for construction of houses and for making
furniture. And lastly fruit trees/trees provide good source of energy in the form of
heat.
TEST II
A. Compile the different breeds of goat (at least 10 breeds) Cite their breed, origin,
characteristics, hair color, average size, average milk production and average
lactation period.
BREED: Native

ORIGIN: Philippines

CHARACTERERISTICS: Small, stocky

and low seat

HAIR COLOR: Red, White or black or

any combination of the three colors

AVERAGE SIZE:
Small: about 20-30 kg.

AVERAGE MILK PRODUCTION:

66 kgs. Lactatation period just enough
for the kids.

AVERAGE LACTATION PERIOD:

187 days

BREED: Saanen
ORIGIN: Saanen Valley in the Canton
of Berne Switzerland

CHARACTERERISTICS:
Well-built with milky head and neck,
known to have the longest lactation
period, considered the queen of dairy
goats.

HAIR COLOR: Predominantly cream or

white.

AVERAGE SIZE: Buck-83.9 kg or more

Doe- 61 kg or more

AVERAGE MILK PRODUCTION:

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Buck-1.8 liters of milk daily
Doe- 816.5-907.2 kg per year.

AVERAGE LACTATION PERIOD: 300

days

BREED: Toggenburg

ORIGIN: Toggenburg Valley in the

Swiss Canton of St. Gallen.

CHARACTERERISTICS:
Sturdy, vigorous and long life.

HAIR COLOR: Light fawn to dark

chocolate with distinct white marks,
white ears with dark spot in the middle,
two white strips down the face from the
eyes to muzzle,, hind legs white from
knees downward, a white triangle on
either side of the tail, white spot in the
area of wattles.

AVERAGE SIZE: Buck 90 kg and doe

weighs 55 to 60 kg.

AVERAGE MILK PRODUCTION: 1 to 3

liters per day with fat content of 3.0 to
3.5%.

AVERAGE LACTATION PERIOD:

extend up to 10 months.
BREED: Anglo-Nubian

ORIGIN: Cross breed of Native English

goats and goats from Nubian, a dessert
region in Nothern Sudan, Philippine
importations come mostly from the US,
American Nubian or plainly Nubian.

CHARACTERERISTICS: Proud and

graceful appearance long wide and
hanging ears, high bridged nose,
undershot mouth.

HAIR COLOR: Hair coat color ranges

from rich tan to combinations of black,
gray, cream and reddish brown, lighter
ears, facial strips, muzzle crown and
undertrim, overall light to dark colored
spots of patches of any size.
AVERAGE SIZE:
70-90 kg. at mature age
Buck-79.4-81.6 kg
Doe-58.9-61.2 kg.

AVERAGE MILK PRODUCTION:

1-2 liters of milk daily
589.7-640.4 kg per year

AVERAGE LACTATION PERIOD:

172 days
BREED: Boer

ORIGIN: Southern Africa from

indigenous African.

CHARACTERERISTICS: White body

with a brown head and ears. Their ears
are long, similar in appearance to
Nubian goat ears. Diet Boer goats are
herbivores and are browsers by nature,
preferring brush, shrubs and broadleaf
weeds rather than grass.

HAIR COLOR: White color with red

head and white blaze, high fertility and
short hair with red markings around the
head and shoulders, white and brown
(more on white).

AVERAGE SIZE:
Buck-108-172 kg
Doe-90-120 kg.

AVERAGE MILK PRODUCTION: Just

enough for kids.

AVERAGE LACTATION PERIOD:

200% fertility.
BREED: Alpine

ORIGIN: Britain by crossing local goats

with Alpine goats imported from
Switzerland in 1903.

CHARACTERERISTICS: Tall, rangy

and graceful dairy-type animal (that is,
with a dished or straight facial line and a
wedge-shaped body).

HAIR COLOR: Pure white or black, with

many other varied color patterns, erect
ears, short haired, black and white.

AVERAGE SIZE: 70 kg at mature age

Buck-77-81 kg
Doe-61.2 kg.

AVERAGE MILK PRODUCTION: 1.5

liters of milk daily
640.4-725.7 kg per year.

AVERAGE LACTATION PERIOD: 180

and 350 days

BREED: Kiko goat

ORIGIN: New Zealand

CHARACTERERISTICS: Active, alert

but calm, and easy-going, Kikos that are
used to human contact are friendly,
trainable, and amenable. “Kiko are one
of the more teachable breeds. They are
one of the strongest, both in muscle and
willpower.

HAIR COLOR:  Generally solid white or

cream in color although there are some
of darker colors including black.

AVERAGE SIZE: Adult bucks typically

measure 30-37 inches to their withers,
while the does are smaller, only
reaching about 26-30 inches in height.

AVERAGE MILK PRODUCTION: 1.5

litres for a 3-5 month lactation
AVERAGE LACTATION PERIOD: 5
months
 BREED: Angora goat

ORIGIN: Raised in Asia Minor since the

fifth century BC.

CHARACTERERISTICS: White and

have a single-coated fleece which is
called mohair. The fleece grows
continuously at a rate of about 2 to 2.5
cm per month. As textile mills require
mohair up to 15 cm long it is usual to
shear them twice each year.

HAIR COLOR: Usually white; also

black, brown or grey.

AVERAGE SIZE: Male: 66 cm Female:

51 cm.

AVERAGE MILK PRODUCTION: 2 - 5

kg per day.

AVERAGE LACTATION PERIOD: 8 -

10 months.
BREED: Damascus goat

ORIGIN: Native breed of Syria and

other Near East countries.

CHARACTERERISTICS: Unique and

fascinating breed of domestic goat that
is known for its distinctive physical
characteristics and its hardiness and
adaptability. The breed is valued for its
milk, meat, and fiber, as well as its
cultural and genetic significance.

HAIR COLOR: Red or brown in color,

but can also be seen in pied or grey
color. They are usually long haired.
They can be either horned or polled.

AVERAGE SIZE: 78 cm at withers, with

a body circumference of 97 cm to 99
cm 
AVERAGE MILK PRODUCTION: 1.9
kg per day.

AVERAGE LACTATION PERIOD:

170.39 days

B. Construct the different types of goat housing.

General flock shed (Ewe / Doe shed)

 The flock shed shall be used for

housing ewes or does kept for
breeding purpose.
 The shed shall be 15m (l) x 4m
(w) x 3 m (h) and can
accommodate not more than 60
ewes or does.
 The shed should be three metre
high and should have brick-on-
edge floor.
 In low lying and heavy rainfall
areas, the floors should
preferably be elevated and in
temperate regions they may be
made of strong wood.

Ram / buck shed

 Rams or bucks kept for

breeding purpose are housed
individually in these sheds.
Alternatively, wooden partitions
can be raised in bigger shed to
partition in to stalls.
 The dimension is of 4m (l)
×2.5m (w) ×3m (h) and can
accommodate about 3 rams/
bucks.
 The shed shall be partitioned
lengthwise to form three equal
compartments.
 The partition between each
shed should not exceed one
metre.
 The partitions may be either of
wooden planks or half-cut ballis.
 The partition shall be not more
than one meter high from the
floor.
Lambing / kidding shed

 These sheds shall be used as

maternity rooms for pregnant
ewe or doe and are housed
individually in these sheds.
 The shed shall be
1.5m(l)×1.2m(w)×3.0m(h), a
manger for holding feed and
hay and a bucket for keeping
water shall be provided in the
shed.
 These sheds shall be made
draught free.
 In cold climates some warming
device, like a room heater shall
be fixed in maternity pens, so
that new borns are protected
from cold during winter.

Lamb/ kid shed

 Lambs or kids from weaning

upto attaining maturity are
housed in these sheds at the
rate of about 25 animals per
shed.
 By making suitable partitions in
a larger shed, unweaned,
weaned but immature and
nearby maturity lambs can be
housed separately.
 On larger farms however, three
separate sheds may be
constructed to house three
categories of kids or lambs.
 The shed shall be with a
dimension of 7.5m (l) ×4m (w)
×3m (h) to accommodate not
more than 75 animals.
 The shed shall be partitioned
breadth wise dividing into two
compartments. The
compartments having
dimension of 5m (l) ×4m (w)
×3m (h) shall be used to keep
the unweaned animals and
other compartment with
dimension of 2.5m(l)×4m(w)
x3m(h) shall be used for
 keeping the weaned animals.

Sick animal shed

 There shall be a sick animal

shed for segregating ailing and
disabled animals.
 Away from the other sheds one
or more sick animal sheds may
be constructed with a
dimension of 3m (l) ×2m (w) × 3
m (h).
 The lower half of the door may
be made of wooden planks and
the upper half of wire-netting.
 There may also be a window of
0.7 m broad and 1.2 m high
with a wire net covering.

C. 10 Breeds of Tilapia fish that can be found in the Philippines. With picture,
scientific name, origin and characteristics.
NAME: The Nile tilapia

SCIENTIFIC NAME: Oreochromis

niloticus.

ORIGIN: Native to larger parts of Africa,

except Maghreb and almost all of
Southern Africa. 

CHARACTERISTICS: It has vertical

black bands on the body and caudal or
tail fin. The dorsal fin (or the fin on the
top part of the fish) has a black outline
and the caudal fin has a red margin.
Nile tilapia is most preferred because it
grows fast, is hardy, and well adapted
for farming in warm tropical countries
like the Philippines. Nile tilapia
comprises about 70-80% of the world’s
tilapia production.
NAME: Mozambique or ‘Java’ tilapia

SCIENTIFIC NAME: Oreochromis

mossambicus.

ORIGIN: Native to eastward-flowing

rivers of southern Africa from the lower
Zambezi and Shire Rivers to Algoa Bay,
South Africa.

CHARACTERISTICS: Generally black

in color. The underside of the head is
white, and dorsal and caudal fins have
red margins. The O. mossambicus can
thrive in freshwater, brackishwater
and/or seawater and it is the most
common tilapia found in coastal waters
upstream of the surf zone. This tilapia
breeds in short and successive cycles.
It is a commercial food fish, and the
small-sized Mozambique tilapias are
also used as forage fish for carnivorous
marine fishes like groupers, snappers,
and sea bass. This fish accounts for
about 10% of world tilapia production.
NAME: Red tilapias

SCIENTIFIC NAME: (Oreochromis spp.

hybrids)

ORIGIN: Taiwan in the late 1960s.

CHARACTERISTICS: Red tilapias have

no stripes on the caudal fin. Red tilapias
grow as fast as the Nile tilapia and can
grow even better in brackish water
ponds and sea cages. They have
become a popular choice for farming
especially in some Latin American
countries. In most parts of Southeast
Asia, red tilapia enjoys a good market in
fresh, chilled, or live form. Red tilapia is
marketed as a premium fish in
supermarkets and upscale Chinese
restaurants (for freshly cooked seafood-
based meals), where the red tilapias are
given other fancy names as ‘King fish’
or ‘Pearl fish’. Red tilapias have good
prospects in the export market. In Japan
and the USA, the red tilapia is sold as
fillets or in some other processed forms.
NAME: Tilapia Aurea

SCIENTIFIC NAME: Oreochromis

Aureus

ORIGIN: Northern and Western Africa,

and the Middle East.

CHARACTERISTICS: It is differentiated
by its bluish color with a clear mark or
red margin on the dorsal, tail and anal
fins. Also it is translucent and light, they
are late spawner, mouth brooder and
grow slower than Mosambica and
Nilotica.
NAME: Tilapia Zillii (Zills Tilapia)

SCIENTIFIC NAME: Tilapia Zillii

ORIGIN: Found widely in fresh and

brackish waters in the northern half of
Africa and the Middle East.

CHARACTERISTICS: The dorsal and

the fins have greenish yellow color with
green spot. Some have black spot on
the dorsal fin the papilia is translucent
and light. The breast of the males is
reddish in color.
NAME: Black chinned or Blackchin
tilapia

SCIENTIFIC NAME: (Sarotherodon

melanotheron)

ORIGIN: Western Africa from

Mauritania to Cameroon. It has been
introduced to several countries in Asia,
USA and Europe. It has also become an
invasive species in Florida, Thailand,
and the Philippines.

CHARACTERISTICS: The black-chin

tilapia is a paternal mouthbrooder.
Tilapias classified under the genus
Oreochromis (e.g. Nile tilapia,
Mozambique tilapia, red tilapia etc.) are
known as maternal mouthbrooders,
meaning the female parent incubates
the fertilized tilapia eggs in their mouth
for these to hatch into swim-up fry. The
S. melanotheron found in the
Philippines have black blotches on the
lower part of the head and this
character has become the basis for
farmers to call this species as “tilapyang
Gloria” or in some areas, the fish is
called “molmol”.
NAME: Tanganyika tilapia
SCIENTIFIC NAME: Oreochromis
tanganicae
ORIGIN: Lake Tanganyika.
 
CHARACTERISTICS: Adult males are
covered with complex bright pale blue
markings, over the head, flanks and
unpaired fins; the background color can
vary from greyish, through yellow to
bright red; the lower part of the head is
grey-white; the tailfin often head a red
background and the dorsal fin has a
broad red margin. Females and non-
territorial males are generally a plain
silvery colour, with pearly spots on the
flanks; they occasionally exhibit vertical
bars and/or horizontal dark bars.
NAME: Singida Tilapia

SCIENTIFIC NAME: Oreochromis

esculentus.

ORIGIN: Endemic to the Lake Victoria

basin, including some of its satellite
lakes such as Kyoga, in Tanzania,
Uganda, and Kenya.

CHARACTERISTICS: A large bodied

tilapia with a small rounded head, short
snout, forward-facing mouth, deep
body, relatively small eye for the body
size, and generally lacking any dark
stripes or blotches. Females and non-
territorial males typically pale grey,
white ventrally; males are typically
darker, especially in the head/dorsal
region; breeding males have a reddish-
pink head and flank, dark fins with
red/pink dorsal margins, and red/pink
caudal region.
NAME: Karonga Tilapia

SCIENTIFIC NAME: Oreochromis

karongae

ORIGIN: Endemic to Lake Malawi, Lake

Malombe, and upper and middle Shire
River in Malawi, Mozambique, and
Tanzania.

CHARACTERISTICS: Females and

juveniles with greyish-brown bodies and
4-5 vertical bars. Males are black with a
white margin to the dorsal and tailfins;
the genital tassel can be long and
branched and pinkish to bright yellow.
NAME: Lake Chala Tilapia

SCIENTIFIC NAME: Oreochromis

hunter

ORIGIN: Endemic to Lake Chala, a

small crater lake on the border of Kenya
and Rombo District of Kilimanjaro
Region in Tanzania.

CHARACTERISTICS: A large bodied

tilapia, with a relatively large and
forward-facing snout, body at least 2.8
times as long as deep.The species can
be distinguished by following
characters: teeth very small, in narrow
bands; pharyngeal bone narrow, its
width about 26% length of head, with
fine teeth, crowded posteriorly, the
blade equal to the median length of the
toothed area in young, about 1.5 times
as long in adults; pectoral fin usually
less than 36% of standard length; anal
spines III-IV; scales of chest and belly
very small, in some individuals showing
an abrupt transition from the flank
scales for a short distance behind the
pectoral-pelvic interspace; in some the
dorsal scales may also be small; and
caudal peduncle at least 1.3 times
longer than deep. Males characterised
by an intricate melanin pattern on the
head, flank scales that are darker
towards posterior side, and a
background light grey-blue colour; the
dorsal region is darker than the ventral,
and ripe males with dark pectoral, anal,
caudal fins, while the dorsal fin is dark
with orange margins; females with less
contrasting colours, with flanks
uniformly grey or olive, with a lighter
ventral region.