Part A2

Chapter No. 2 2011 PUNJAB GEOMETRIC DESIGN MANUAL DESIGN GEOMETRICS AND Last Revision Page No.
CONTROL PARAMETERS ----

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LIMITED ACCESS FACILITIES, HORIZNTAL & VERTICAL CLEARANCE 1 of 1
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VERTICAL CLEARANCES 1 of 1
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VERTICAL HORIZONTAL CLEARANCES 1 of 1
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HORIZONTAL CLEARANCES FOR RAIL ROAD CROSSING, GUARDRAIL/BREACHAWAY OBJECTS 1 of 1
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MEDIAN OPENING AT INTERCHANGES ACCESS MANAGMENT RULE / CROSSOVERS ON LIMITED ACCESS FACILITIES 1 of 1
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TYPICAL SECTIONS 1 of 1
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TYPICAL R.O.W. PLANS FOR LOCAL ROADS 1 of 1
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TYPICAL R.O.W. PLANS FOR SECONDARY ROADS 1 of 1
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TYPICAL R.O.W. PLANS FOR PRIMARY ROADS 1 of 1
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TYPICAL R.O.W. PLANS FOR URBAN PRINCIPAL ROADS 1 of 1
Desi gn Element Design Design Speed 40 - 60
Design Design Speed 20 - 40 Km / hr Level of Service C
Control
Control Level of Service D
Design Speed 40 50 60
Limits of Right of Way 9.5 - 18 m (32 - 60 ft)
Stopping Sight Distance (m) (Level Road) 50 65 85
Maximum Super Elevation Rate (%) 6 6 6
Local Roads Maximum Super Elevation Rate (%) 4 4 4 Primary Roads Side Friction Factor 0.23 0.19 0.17
Alignment
Side Friction Factor 0.23 0.28 0.35 Minimum Turning Radii (m) 43 79 123
Alignment Elements
Minimum Turning Radii (m) 8 2 2 4 7 Crest (Passin g Sight) 84 138 195
Elements
Crest (Passing Sight) - 46 84 Vertical Curvature (K) Value Crest (Stopping Sight) 4 7 11
Vertical Curvature (K)
Value
Crest (Stopping Sight) 1 2 4 Sag 9 13 18
Sag 3 6 9 Grade 0.3 - 5.0 %
Grade 0.3 - 5.0 %
Design Design Speed 80 - 100
Design Desi g n S p eed 40 - 60
Control Level of Service D
Control Level of Service C
Design Speed
40 50 60
Maximum Super Elevation Rate (%) 6 6 6 Maximum Super Elevation Rate (%) 6 6 6
Secondary Side Friction Factor 0.23 0.19 0.17 Principal Roads Side Friction Factor 0.14 0.13 0.12
Alignment
Roads Alignment Minimum Turning Radii (m) 43 79 123 Minimum Turning Radii (m) 280 375 492
Elements
Elements Crest (Passing Sight) 84 138 195 Crest (Passin g Sight) 338 438 520
V ertical Curvature (K) Valu e
Crest (Stopping Vertical Curvature (K) Value Crest (Stopping Sight) 26 39 52
4 7 1 1
Sight) Sag 30 38 45
Sag 9 13 18 Grade 0.3 - 5.0 %
Grade 0.3 - 5.0 %
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SUMMARY OF DESIGN ELEMENTS FOR URBAN ROADS 1 of 1
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TYPICAL CROSS SECTION FOR RURAL PRINCIPAL ARTERIAL SYSTEM 1 of 1
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GEOMETRIC DESIGN STANDARDS FOR NATIONAL HIGHWAYS (RURAL PRINCIPAL ARTERIAL SYSTEM) 1 of 1
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TYPICAL CROSS SECTION & GEOMETRIC STANDARDS FOR PROVINCIAL HIGHWAYS (RURAL MINOR ARTERIAL SYSTEM) 1 of 1
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GEOMETRIC DESIGN STANDARDS FOR PROVINCIAL HIGHWAY (RURAL MINOR ARTERIAL SYSTEM) 1 of 1
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TYPICAL CROSS SECTION FOR PROVINCIAL HIGHWAYS (RURAL COLLECTOR ROAD SYSTEM) 1 of 1
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GEOMETRIC DESIGN STANDARDS FOR NATIONAL/PROVINCIAL HIGHWAYS (RURAL COLLECTOR ROAD SYSTEM) 1 of 1
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TYPICAL CROSS SECTIONS FOR RURAL ROADWAY ALONG RAILWAY LINE & ALONG EXISTING ROADWYA 1 of 1
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TYPICAL CROSS SECTIONS FOR ROADWAY ALONG GUILT CARRIAGEWAY & IN FILL 1 of 1
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TYPICAL CROSS SECTIONS FOR RURAL ROADWAYS IN CUT & IN CUT AND FILL SITUATION ROADWAY 1 of 1
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TYPICAL CROSS SECTION FOR RURAL ROADWAYS IN CUT & FILL WITH BREAST WALL 1 of 1
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TYPICAL CROSS SECTION FOR RURAL ROADWAYS IN “BUILT-UP AREAS” & “IN CUT AD FILL WITH RETAINING & BREAST WALL” 1 of 1
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DESIGN FLOW CHART FOR ROADS 1 of 1
ROADWAY & ROADSIDE FACILITIES C
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CHAPTER 3
TRANSPORTATION DESIGN FOR LIVEABLE COMMUNITIES AND ROADWAY FACILITIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Transportation Design for Livable Communities 3.4.13 Pedestrian Signals
3.0 TDLC Features 3.4.14 Pedestrian Bridges, Overpasses, and Underpasses
3.1 Planning 3.4.14.1 Pedestrian Overpasses
3.2 Application 3.4.14.2 Pedestrian Underpasses
3.3 Roadside Facilities 3.5 Bicycle Facilities
3.4 Pedestrian, Bicycle And Public Transit Facilities 3.5.1 Bicycle Lanes
3.4.1 Pedestrians and Bicyclists 3.5.2 Paved Shoulders
3.4.2 Pedestrian Facilities 3.5.3 Wide Curb Lanes
3.4.3 Pedestrian Sidewalks 3.5.4 Bicycle Route Systems
3.4.3.1 Sidewalk Capacities 3.5.5 Drainage and Utility Considerations
3.4.4 Pedestrian Level of Service (LOS) 3.5.6 Shared Use Paths
3.5.6.1 Considerations
3.4.5 Disability Considerations
3.6 Curbs
3.4.6 At Grade Crossing for Pedestrians
3.6.1 Types of Curb
3.4.7 Sidewalk Ramps at Curb
3.6.1.1 Barrier Curbs / Vertical Curbs
3.4.8 Components of a Sidewalk Ramps at Curb
3.7 Standard For Pedestrian / Bicycle Picket Railings
3.4.9 Pedestrian Crossings
3.7.1 Standard for Steel Pedestrian / Bicycle Picket Railings
3.4.10 Pedestrian Crosswalks
3.7.1.1 Design Live Loads
3.4.10.1 Marked Crosswalks at Uncontrolled Locations
3.7.1.2 Geometry:
3.4.10.2 Mid - block Crosswalks
3.7.1.3 Deflection:
3.4.11 Pedestrian Guidance Signs
3.7.1.4 Applicability Note to Designer:
3.4.12 Pedestrian Refuge Islands/Medians
3.7.1.5 Alternate Design:
3.7.1.6 Payment: 3.13 Facilities
3.7.1.7 Rails, Pickets & Posts: 3.13.1 Functions of Traffic Control Devices
3.7.1.8 Base Plates & Post Caps: 3.13.2 Characteristics of Uniform Traffic Control Devices
3.7.1.9 Shim Plates 3.14 Other Facilities
3.7.1.10 Coatings 3.14.1 Fire Hydrant
3.7.1.11 Anchor Bolts 3.14.2 Solid Waste Management (SWM) Container
3.7.1.12 Resilient and Neoprene Pads: 3.14.3 Roadway Lighting
3.7.1.13 Joints: 3.14.4 SPEED HUMPS
3.7.1.14 Weep Holes 3.14.5 Clear Zone
3.7.1.15 Shop Drawings 3.14.5.1 Clear Zone Concept
3.8 Drop-Off Hazards for Pedestrians and Bicyclists 3.14.5.2 Clear Zone Criteria
3.9 Public Transit Facilities 3.14.6 Hazard Standards
3.9.1 Curb-Side Facilities 3.14.6.1 Canal Hazards
3.10 Public Transport Facilities 3.14.6.2 Drop-off Hazards
3.10.1 Bus Stops 3.14.6.4 Transitions
3.10.1.1 Elements of Bus Stops 3.14.6.5 Placement
3.10.1.2 Placement of Bus Stops 3.14.6.6 Upgrading Existing Barrier Systems
3.10.1.3 Bus Stop Spacing 3.14.6.7 Median Barriers
3.10.1.4 Bus Bays 3.12.3 Roadway Landscaping
3.10.1.5 Bus Shelters
3.10.2 Benches
3.11 On-Street Parking
3.12 Facilities For Roadway Safety
3.12.1 Traffic Barriers
3.12.1.1 Barrier Types

GLOSSARY OF TERMS
1. Auxiliary Lane 7. Curbs 13. Level of Service (LOS)
The portion of the roadway adjoining the traveled-way used for Curbs may be used to provide drainage control and to A term which broadly denotes the combination of operating
access ramps, speed changes, turning, storage for turning, weaving, improve delineation of the road. conditions that occurs on a given road or lane when it is
truck climbing, or other purposes supplementary to through traffic accommodating various traffic volumes, and is used to measure the
movement. 8. Drop-off Hazards quality of service.
2. Bus Bays
Drop-off hazards are defined as steep or abrupt downward slopes 14. Mid-Block Bus Stop
that can be perilous to vehicle occupants and/or pedestrians and
A bus bay or an open bus bay is a specially constructed section off cyclists The bus stop within the block is defined as Mid-Block bus stop.
the normal road to provide for bus loading and unloading in an
area separated from the main lanes. This separation allows through 9. Far Side Bus Stop
15. Minimum Turning Radii
traffic to flow freely without being impeded by stopped buses.
The bus stop immediately after passing through an intersection is
3. Bus Shelters defined as Far-Side bus stop. It is limiting value of curvature for a given design speed & is
determined form maximum rate of super elevation & maximum
10. Flyover and Underpasses side friction values.
It is defined as a facility which provides seating and protection
from the weather for passengers waiting for a bus.
Grade separated structures in which traffic moves over and under 16. Mobility:
4. Bus Stop the surface level with required clearances.
Mobility can best be defined as the ability to move freely and safely
11. Fire Hydrant using a range of transport modes between activity generators
A bus stop is a designated place where a public transport bus stops
for the purpose of allowing passengers to board or leave a bus. within the town centre
A fire hydrant also known colloquially as a fire plug is an active fire
protection measure, and a source of water provided in urban areas 17. Mountable Curbs / Slopping Curbs
5. Barrier Curbs / Vertical Curbs
with municipal water service to enable firefighters to tap into the
municipal water supply to assist in extinguishing a fire.
Vertical Curbs may be either vertical or nearly vertical and are Sloping curbs are designed so vehicles can cross them readily when
intended to discourage vehicles from leaving the road. 12. Landscape the need arises. Sloping curbs are low with flat sloping faces.
6. Clear Zone 18. Near Side Bus Stop

"Landscape" or "Landscaping" means any vegetation, mulches,
irrigation systems, and any site amenities, such as, street furniture,
A roadside that is traversable and unobstructed by fixed objects
specialty paving, tree grates, walls, planters, fountains, fences, and The bus stop immediately prior to an intersection is defined as
will allow vehicles that leave the roadway to recover safely.
lighting (excluding Public Utility Street and area lighting). Near-Side bus stop.
Chapter No. 3 2011 PUNJAB GEOMETRIC DESIGN MANUAL TRANSPORTATION DESIGN FOR Last Revision Page No.
LIVABLE COMMUITIES ----
Index No. 300
GLOSSARY OF TERMS 1 of 12
19. Pedestrian Crosswalks
Crosswalks are the critical part of pedestrian network. A crosswalk

is defined as “the portion of a roadway designated for pedestrians
to use in crossing the roadway” and may be either marked or
unmarked.
20. Pedestrian Sidewalks
Sidewalks are walkways parallel to the roadway and designed for

use by pedestrians.
21. Public Transport Facilities
Public transport is defined as passenger transportation service, local

or regional in nature that is available to any person who pays a
prescribed fare.
22. Sidewalk Curb Ramps
Curb ramps provide critical access between the sidewalk and the
roadway for people with mobility impairments.
23. Solid Waste Management (SWM) Container
Solid Waste Management container is a waste type container that

includes predominantly household waste (domestic waste) with
sometimes the addition of commercial wastes.
24. Traffic Barriers
Traffic barriers are used to prevent vehicles that leave the traveled
way from hitting an object that has greater crash severity potential
than the barrier itself.
Index No. 300
facilities, traffic control devices, safety barriers, and highway
service areas. The class of facilities provided on a specific
3 Transportation Design For Livable 3.2 Application category of roads should be associated to traffic flow,
A team approach is recommended to evaluate TDLC operator interest, the economies of the wayside and bypassed
Communities projects or features. Depending on the complexity and/or communities, infrastructure costs, and the environmental
controversial TDLC features and the resources available, the character of the route corridor. The guidelines in this chapter
It is the policy of the Government of the Punjab to consider
team may include representation from Planning, Traffic also define a policy for the use of roadside. These policies
Transportation Design for Livable Communities (TDLC)
Operations, Environmental Management, Roadway Design, should be used by the planning authorities and potential
features on the Street, Highway and Expressway System of
Right of Way, Public Transportation and any others affected developers to meet planning, environmental, road safety, and
Punjab; when such features are desired, appropriate and
by the proposed projects or features. traffic management objectives. However, it is the purview of
feasible. This involves providing a balance between mobility
TDLC projects require a concept report documenting the these roadway / planning authorities to consider to what
and livability. TDLC feat ures should be based on
desired project features determined to be appropriate and
extent they wish to apply these guidelines for laying roadside
consideration of the following principles:
feasible for implementation and the respective facilities subject to different functions served by these roads.
responsibilities of all involved stakeholders.
3.0 TDLC Features 3.4 Pedestrian, Bicycle and Public Transit
1. Safety of pedestrians, bicyclists, motorists and public
3.3 Roadside Facilities Facilities
transit users. Roads are the arteries of urban communities allowing
2. Balancing community values and mobility needs. mobility for people and goods Cities and towns consist of a 3.4.1 Pedestrians and Bicyclists
3. Efficient use of energy resources. complete network of roads which collectively define the
It is the policy and goal of the Government of the Punjab to
4. Protection of the natural and manmade environment. character of the city. The roads consist of a paved surface
develop bicycle and pedestrian ways along roadways and
5. Coordinated land use and transportation planning. which is used for the purpose of transportation; a shoulder
transportation facilities:
6. Local and national economic development goals. which is used to provide relief area for parking and for stalled
1. Bicycle and pedestrian ways shall be given full
7. Complementing and enhancing existing standards, vehicles and a utility corridor or clear zone which is used to
consideration in the planning and development of
systems and processes. embed pipes for water, sewerage, telecom-cable, and electric
transportation facilities, including the incorporation of
wires. There are various facilities which are associated with
such ways into provincial, regional, and local
3.1 Planning roadway system:
transportation plans and programs. Bicycle and
TDLC features are to be considered when they are desired, 1. Pedestrian Facilities;
pedestrian ways shall be established in conjunction with
appropriate and feasible. Incorporating TDLC features are 2. Public Transport Facilities;
the construction, reconstruction, or other change of any
contingent upon involvement of the local stakeholders in the 3. Parking Facilities;
transportation facility and special emphasis shall be given
planning and project development processes. Therefore, it is 4. Road Safety Facilities;
to projects in or within 1.6 km of an urban area.
essential that all stakeholders are included from the initial 5. Traffic Controlling Facilities;
2. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (a), bicycle
planning phase of the project through design, construction 6. Other Facilities.
and pedestrian ways are not required to be established:
and maintenance. Well designed and well maintained roads and streets can
a. Where their establishment would be contrary to
During the initial planning and scoping phases it is important make a perceptible difference to the quality of life. This
public safety;
to identify and assess the desires and willingness of the chapter sets out the guidelines and policy for layout design of
b. When the cost would be excessively
community or stakeholder to accept all of the ramifications roadside facilities in the cities of Punjab. Roadside facilities
disproportionate to the need or probable use;
of TDLC, including funding allocations and maintenance range from simple public transport facilities, bus bays, bus
c. Where other available means or factors indicate an
agreements of the TDLC features included in a project. stops, pedestrian facilities, benches, solid waste management
absence of need.”
containers, fire hydrants, road safety facilities, parking
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PEDESTRIAN, BICYCLE AND PUBLIC TRANSIT FACILITIES 1 of 12
3.4.2 Pedestrian Facilities Pedestrian facilities include sidewalks, crosswalks, traffic isn't present at the termini, then temporary measures should
control features, and curb-cuts (depressed curbs and ramped be considered such as extending the sidewalk and project
All new roads, except limited access roads and some rural
sidewalks) shall be incorporated along roadsides to facilitate limits to next appropriate pedestrian crossing or access point.
roads, should be designed and constructed under the
the senior citizens and those physically impaired and If special accommodations are made, it is equally important
assumption that they will be used by pedestrians. Therefore,
handicapped. to address these measures on the adjoining projects. In all
all roadside features associated with pedestrians should be
cases, the PCGA in consultation with Urban Unit, PDOT,
incorporated into the roadway design. 3.4.3 Pedestrian Sidewalks C&W, CDG, shall be contac ted for input on making a
In addition to provision of pedestrian facilities on new
Sidewalks are walkways parallel to the roadway and designed determination regarding continuous passage.
projects, the ROWGA which is responsible for maintaining
for use by pedestrians. On roadways with flush shoulders, the minimum width of
and operating a specific road should establish and maintain a
Generally, sidewalks should be constructed along both sides sidewalk is 1.8 m. On roadways with flush shoulders, new
program of maintaining pedestrian facilities, and
of arterial roadways that are not provided with shoulders, sidewalks should be placed as far from the roadway as
incorporating safety on the roadway network. A separate
even though pedestrian traffic may be light. However, the practical in the following sequence of desirability:
manual titled “Punjab Roadway Inspection and Safety
construction of sidewalks on both sides of the street would 1. At or near the right of way line.
Manual (PRISM)” should be consulted for addressing the
not be required in such cases as when the roadway parallels a 2. Outside of the clear zone.
safety issues.
railroad or drainage canal and pedestrians would not be 3. Six feet from the shoulder point
The planning and design of new roads shall include
expected. If sidewalks are constructed on the approaches to 4. As far from edge of driving lane as practical.
provisions that minimize vehicle-pedestrian conflicts.
bridges, they should be continued across the structure. If Nearing intersections, the sidewalk should be transitioned as
Features requiring special attention include:
continuous sidewalks are constructed on only one side of the necessary to provide a more functional crossing location that
1. Pedestrian Sidewalks;
street, pedestrians should be provided access to transit also meets driver expectation. Further guidance on the
2. Pedestrian Crossings; including overpasses and
facilities located on the opposite side of the street. placement of stop or yield lines and crosswalks is provided in
underpasses for Pedestrians.
On curbed roadways, the minimum width of a sidewalk shall the Punjab Transport & Traffic Manual and the Design
In some situations it may be possible to eliminate a vehicle-
be 1.8 m. when separated from the curb by a buffer strip. Standards included in this manual.
pedestrian conflict. The elimination of vehicle-pedestrian
conflict points require close coordination during the planning The minimum separation for a 1.8 m. sidewalk from the back
of pedestrian pathways and activities along the right of way. of curb is 0.6 m. The buffer strip should be 1.8 m. where
All identified conflict point should be carefully eliminated possible to eliminate the need to narrow or reroute sidewalks
using appropriate pedestrian facilities and without around driveways. If the sidewalk is located adjacent to the
transferring the problem to a different location. The curb, the minimum width of sidewalk is 1.8 m.
reduction in the number of conflict points is an efficient Grades on sidewalks should not exceed 5% when not
method of overall pedestrian hazard reduction. adjacent to a travel way. Ther e should be enough sidewalk
Due to the demands of vehicular traffic in congested urban cross slope to allow for adequate drainage, however the
areas, it is often very difficult to make adequate provisions maximum shall be no more than 2% to facilitate the peoples
for pedestrians. However, th e designers shall incorporate with disabilities. Edge drop-offs should be avoided. When
transportation design to make cities livable. For additional drop-offs cannot be avoided, they should be shielded. A 1.8
pedestrian friendly features, the designer is encouraged to m wide sidewalk that connects a transit stop or facility with
refer to Chapter 9 for provisions on Traffic Calming in the an existing sidewalk or shared use path shall be included
urban areas. In general, the most appreciated roadway keeping in view the peoples with disabilities. Particular
sections are those that provide the most comfort and attention should be given to pedestrian accommodations at
pleasure to pedestrians, and are aesthetic/scenic in nature. the termini of each project. If full accommodations cannot
be provided due to the limited scope or an existing sidewalk
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TRANSPORTATION DESIGN FOR LIVABLE Last Revision Page No.
Chapter No. 3 2010 PUNJAB GEOMETRIC DESIGN MANUAL COMMUNITIES & ROADWAY FACILITIES 3-1
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Table 3.1: Pedestrian Level
L of Servvice and Flow
w Conditions
Average
Peedestrian Levvel of Avera ge Inter-
Peedestrian Areea Servicce Condition
Service (LOS) Person
n Spacing
Occupancy
Levell of Service A 1..21 m2 / perso

on 1.22 m (4 ft), or
or more. m
more.
Figure 3.11: Recommen

nded Pedestrrian Sidewalk
k Design 0..93 to 1.21 m2 / 1.067 m (3.5 ft) to
Levell of Service B person. 1.22 m (4 ft).
3.4.3.1 Sidewalk Caapacities
Walking s peed decreasees as the pedeestrian densityy of the walkkway
increases. As with roaddway capacitiees, there is ann optimum sp peed
and densitty under whichh the walkwayy will carry thee largest volum
me.
The effecttive width of sidewalk
s shouuld accommod date the prediccted Levell of Service C 0..65 to 0.93 m2 / 0.91 m (3
( ft) to
pedestrian
n volumes. Taable 3.1 show ws the absolutte capacity to o be
person. 1.067 m (3.5 ft).
adopted inn the design of sidewalk.
The desiggn pedestrian n flow is thee number off pedestrians per
minute avveraged over the
t busiest 155 minute perio od. The sidew walk
width relaates to the clear
c and avaailable width, and should not 0..28 to 0.65 m2 / 0.6 m (22 ft) to 0.91
Levell of Service D person. m (3 ft).
include arreas occupiedd by trees, planters,
p roadw way lighting and
roadway siigns.
3.4.4 P
Pedestrian L
Level of Servvice (LOS)
0..19 to 0.28 m2 /
Levell of Service E 0.6m (22 ft) or less.
person.
Levell of Service F 0..19 m2 / perso

on Close coontact with
or less. peersons
Index No. 300
Table 3.2: Effective Widths of Sidewalk in Accordance curb ramp. Under no circumstance shall a curb ramp be
with LOS installed allowing a pedestrian to enter a crossing without lk
wa
providing a curb cut (or at grade sidewalk if no curb is ide
S
Predicted Effective Width of Sidewalk (m)
present) on the opposite side of the crossing. Crossings shall i ng
Pedestrian Volumes LOS LOS LOS LOS LOS and
L
also meet the same grade and cross slope requirements as re
in 15 min A B C D E i ng Fl a
op
sidewalks where the grade should not exceed 5%, and the Sl rea
A
100 4.17 1.15 0.44 0.24 0.14 maximum cross slope shall be no more than 2%.
Si
de
wa
200 8.33 2.3 0.89 0.48 0.28 lk re
F la
300 12.5 3.45 1.33 0.71 0.42 3.4.6 At Grade Crossing for Pedestrians
400 16.67 4.6 1.78 0.95 0.56 A conceptual design layout of model intersection has been
500 20.83 5.75 2.22 1.19 0.7 generated to be practiced as standard which contains various
600 25 6.7 2.67 1.43 0.84 components that actually enhance the safety and mobility of
700 29.17 8.05 3.11 1.67 0.98 pedestrians on intersections. These components may include:
800 33.33 9.2 3.56 1.9 1.12 1. Pedestrian Sidewalks;
900 37.5 10.34 4 2.14 1.26 2. Curb Ramps;
1000 41.67 11.49 4.44 2.38 1.4 3. Pedestrian Crosswalks;
4. Pedestrian Guidance signs;
3.4.5 Disability Considerations 5. Pedestrian Signals;
Pedestrian facilities must be designed to accommodate the 6. Pedestrian Refuge Islands / Medians.
physically and visually impaired citizens dependent on Refer to section 3.4.3 Pedestrian Sidewalks, for detailed
wheelchairs and other devices for mobility. information on Pedestrian Sidewalks.
Pull boxes, manholes (and other utility covers), and other 3.4.6.1 Sidewalk Ramps at Curb
types of existing surface features in the location of a
proposed curb ramp should be relocated when feasible. Curb ramps provide critical access between the sidewalk and
the roadway for people with mobility impairments. Without Figure 3.2: Components of Curb Ramps
When relocation is not feasible, the feature shall be adjusted
curb ramps, people who use wheelchairs cannot access the
to the new ramp to meet the requirements for surfaces sidewalk. Curb ramps are most commonly found at Curb ramps should be designed to minimize the grade,
(including the provision of a non-slip top surface, and intersections but may also be used at mid block crossings and cross-slope, and changes in level experienced by users. The
adjustment to be flush shaped with and at the same slope as medians. slope of a curb ramp should not exceed 8.33 percent, and
the curb ramp). The detectable warning strips are designed to the cross-slope should not exceed 2 percent. The slope
work with concrete surfaces. • Components of a Sidewalk Ramps at Curb
between 8.33 percent and 10 percent for a maximum rise of
In areas where the pedestrian facility has an asphalt surface, Approach Landing Approach; 150 mm (6 in) is recommended.
such as a shared use path, the engineer must specify 1. Flare;
appropriate detectable warning strips. In these cases, consider 2. Ramp;
including a short section of concrete that will accommodate 3. Flare;
any system. To assist pedestrians who are visually or mobility 4. Gutter.
impaired, curb ramps should be parallel to the crossing. By
providing ramps parallel to the crossing, the pedestrian is
directed into the crossing. At intersections where more than
one road is crossed, each crossing should have a separate
Index No. 300
drive a t high speed or pedestriann volume is hiigh enough to
o
cause trraffic problem
ms, grade separrations is prefferred.
3.4.6.3 Pedestrian
n Crosswalkss
Crosswwalks are the critical part of pedestrian n network. A
crosswaalk is defined as “the portion of a roadw
way designated
d
for peddestrians to use in crossingg the roadwayy” and may bee
either marked
m or unmmarked.
These are providedd for pedestrian's guidan nce who aree
crossin
ng roadways by defining and delineatting paths on n
approaches to and within signallized intersections, and on n
Figurre 3.3: Curb Ramps
R approaches to otherr intersections, where traffic stops and at
a
non-inttersection lo ocations deesignated for pedestrian n
Curb ram mps should bee at least 0.915 m (36 in)) wide, not crossin
ngs.
including the width of the
t flared sidees. A minimum m of 1.0 m
(39 in) wide or of the same width as a the approacch sidewalk
should be provided at crosswalks.
c C
Curb ramp landings allow
people witth mobility immpairments to move compleetely off the
curb ramp and onto the sidewalkk. Curb ramp ps without
landings force
f wheelch hair users enteering the ramp from the
Figure 3.5: Ladder Desig
gn Pedestrian
n Crosswalk
street, as well
w as peoplee turning the corner, to traavel on the Markking
ramp flarees. The flared sides of curb
b ramps providde a graded
transition between the ramp and th he surroundin ng sidewalk. • Marked Crossswalks at U ncontrolled Locations
L
Flares are not considereed an accessibble path of travvel because Therre are a num mber of treatm ments that maay be used to get
they are generally
g steep
per than the ramp and offten feature pedeestrians safelyy across the street,
s whetheer crossing att an
F
Figure 3.4: Pedestrian
P Crrosswalks Maarkings
significantt cross-slopess with excesssive rate of change of interrsection or miidblock. A maarked crosswaalk is one of th hese
cross-sloppe. Markedd crosswalks are most efffective when n they can bee tools, but it is besst used in con
njunction with other treatmeents
identifiied easily by motorists. However,
H manny pedestrianss, (inclluding signs, flashing beacons, curb extensions,
e raiised
3.4.6.2 Pedestrian Crossings
C includinng pedestrianns with low vision,
v benefitt from clearlyy meddian or refugee islands, and d enhanced ovverhead lightiing).
Nott only are marked crosswallks used to advise pedestriians
1. The decision
d ween at gradee and grade separations
betw markedd crosswalks. Most
M marked crosswalks ob bserved duringg
wheere to cross, but also to o alert moto orists to exp pect
depennds upon facto ors such as traaffic volume and speed; the siddewalk assessm ments were marked
m with paint. Others pedeestrians crossiing at those loocations. The criteria proviided
2. Distan nce and Travvel time requirred by the peedestrian to were buuilt with conttrasting materiials such as reed brick insidee in th
his section do o not apply too school crosssings. All marrked
cross; the cro osswalk, borddered with gray
g concretee. Contrastingg crossswalks at un ncontrolled lo ocations shalll be coordinaated
3. Severiity of possib ble conflicts between
b pedeestrian and textures can providee tactile guidaance for peop ple with visuaal with
h the PCGA an nd the CDG.
vehiclles. impairmments, as wel l as visible co
olorized warn nings. Refer to o Marked crosswalkks shall not be b installed inn an uncontro olled
Normally up to two lan ne moderate volume roadwaays at grade Punjab Traffic andd Transport Manual (Vol ume 1) Sign n, enviironment (with hout signals, stop
s signs, or yield signs) when
w
postted speeds aree greater than 60 Kph or on n multilane ro
oads
crossings are preferred d which can be b further faacilitated by Signals and Paveme nt Markings, page 84, Chaapter # 3, for
wheere traffic voluumes exceed 12,000 vpd (without
( a raiised
pedestriann signals; how
wever, on high speed roadw ways or long detailedd informationn regarding design
d of ped destrian cross meddian) or 15,0000 vpd (with a raised
r mediann).
straight seections of roaadways wheree drivers are expected
e to walks.
Index No. 300
Roundabo outs present a unique challlenge for thee design of pattern
ns. Midblock crosswalks
c hould only be used in areas
sh
pedestrian
n crossings. In a roundabout, the crosswalk where the need trully exists, and the engineerring study willl
markings should
s complly with the PT
TTM. help to
o determine if an uncontrollled midblock crosswalk is a
viable option.
o
• Mid - block Crossswalks If any problem areaas are identifieed that would d preclude thee
Marked crrosswalks can be used to suupplement thee pedestrian placemment of a juustified midbllock crosswaalk, additionaal
crossing needs
n in an area through h the use off midblock features must be in ncluded in th he design to remedy thosee
crosswalkss. This can prrovide pedesttrians with a morem direct problemm areas beforre a midblock crosswalk can n be placed at
a
route to thheir destinatio
on. The use of un-signalized midblock that loccation. Featurres like overhead signing can help alerrt
crosswalkss should be carefully co onsidered. When
W used, motorissts and be useed to light thee crossing. Cuurb extensions
midblock crosswalks should be illluminated, marked m and or bulbb outs can im mprove sight distance and d decrease thee
outfitted with
w advanced d warning sign ns or warningg flashers in ng distance. Adjustment of the profile on
crossin n the roadwayy
accordancce with the Punjab Traffic & Transpo ort Manual crossin
ng may be reqquired to imprrove the cros s slope of thee
(PTTM). Pedestrian
n-activated, signalized midblock crosswaalk.
crosswalkss may be app propriate at some
s locationns, but the Additioonal guidancee on marked crosswalks att uncontrolled d
locations must
m meet thee warrants estaablished in thee PTTM. location
ns can be fo ound in the AASHTO Guide G for thee
In additio on to the requirements
r in Section 3.4.12, the Planninng, Design, an
nd Operation of o Pedestrian Facilities.
following conditions alsso apply: Figure 3.6: Pedestrian Refuge Medians
3.4.6.4 Pedestrian
n Guidance Signs
S
1. Midbllock crosswallks should no ot be located where the
spacin
ng between ad djacent intersections is less than
t 202 m They are placed in order
o to guidee the pedestrian moving on n
2. Mid-bblock crosswaalks should no ot be located where the the roaadway. These sign along wiith other road dway guidancee
distan
nce from the crosswalk to the nearest intersection
i signs should be placced or locateed on sidewallks and refugee
ossing location) is less than
(or cro n 92 m. islands in such a wayy that they sho
ould not obstrruct pedestrian
n
movem ments. Their location
l is sh
hown in Figuure 3.7; Modeel
3. Mid-bblock crosswaalks shall not be provided where the Intersection for Pedeestrian Mobiliity.
crossing distance exceeds
e 18 m (unless a median
m or a
crossing island is prrovided). 3.4.6.5 Pedestrian
n Refuge Islaands/Median
ns
4. Midbllock crosswallks shall not be provided where the Pedestrrian islands help
h pedestriaans to cross roadways byy
sight distance
d for both
b the pedesstrian and mottorist is not providiing refuge areeas that are phhysically separrated from thee
adequuate (stopping sight distancee per Chapter No. 2). automo obile path off travel. An island is a protected
p spoot
5. Midbllock crosswallks shall not be provided where the within a crosswalk for pedestrrians to waitt to continuee
roadwway lighting illluminating thhe proposed crosswalk
c is crossin
ng the roadwaays or to boarrd transportattion such as a
inadeqquate. bus. Medians and islands
i are useful
u at irreggularly shaped d
6. Midbllock crosswalkks shall not bee located wherre the cross intersecctions, such ass where two r oadways convverge into onee.
slopess and grade criteria
c along the
t crosswalkk cannot be Pedestrrian islands reeduce the crossing distance from the curb b Figure 3.7: Deesign Layoutt of Model In
ntersection fo
or
met foor the handicaapped or disab bled persons (per
( Section and allo
ow pedestrian ns to cross durring smaller gaaps in traffic. Pedestrian
ns Mobility
3.4.6.33).
An engineeering study is required before a markedd midblock
crosswalk is installed att an uncontro olled location. This study
shall exammine such factors as sight distance for pedestrians
and vehiclles (stopping sight
s distance)), traffic volumme, turning
volumes near
n proposed d crosswalk location,
l road
dway width,
presence of o a median, lighting, landscaping, drain nage, traffic
speed, adjacent
a landd use (ped destrian gen nerators /
destination ns), pedestrian volume and existingg crossing
Index No. 300
3.4.6.6 Pedestrian Signals c. If the approach sidewalk or path is wider than these Table 3.3: Comparison for Pedestrian Overpass and
minimums, the clear width of the structure should Underpass
Pedestrian-actuated traffic controls require the user to push a match the approach width. The desirable clear width
Overpass Underpass
button to activate a walk signal. Pedestrian-actuated traffic should include additional 0.6 m wide clear area on
Construction is difficult on
controls should be installed when a traffic signal is installed each side. Construction is easier on
existing roadways and need
under the Pedestrian Volume or School Crossing warrant, 2. Vertical clearance criteria shall be as per Chapter 2, of existing roadways and cause
special techniques to
when an exclusive pedestrian phase is provided, when this volume. Horizontal clearances shall take into affect less traffic disturbance
minimize traffic disturbance
vehicular indications are not visible to pedestrians, and at any future widening plans of the roadway below.
No lighting or drainage Lighting, drainage and
established school crossings with a signalized intersection. If 3. Ramps
problem security are major concerns
the intersection has a median, a button should be added to a. Comply with requirements that facilitate the
handicapped and disabled persons. See Section Stage construction is very
the median and both corners. For additional information Stage construction is easy
Error! Reference source not found.. difficult
refer to PTTM sections 5.11.
b. Ramps (routes with grades>5%) should be provided More preferred by
at all pedestrian separation structures. When pedestrians especially when
Less preferred by pedestrians
possible, stairways should be provided in addition to they involve certain
ramps. commercial activity
c. Design ramps with the least possible grade, but in no Less Travel time due to
More Travel time is required
case more than 8.33% and with 1.5 m long, lesser clearance height
due to greater clearance
intermediate level platforms at a maximum 0.76 m requirements and stairs in the
height requirements
rise. Provide level platforms 1.5 m long at the top of cross movement directions
the ramp and 1.8 m long at the bottom. Overpass has vertical Underpass has vertical
d. Provide full-length pedestrian handrails on both clearance of 5.1 m clearance of 3.0 m
sides of pedestrian ramps.
Figure 3.8: Layout View of Pedestrian Signal with Push 4. Fencing/Railing 3.4.7.1 Pedestrian Overpasses
Button
a. Provide fencing/railing.
3.4.7 Pedestrian Bridges, Overpasses, and b. Provide full or partial screening on pedestrian
The design of pedestrian bridges or overpasses should
bridges in order to reduce the likelihood of objects include provisions for additional vertical clearance, since the
Underpasses being dropped or thrown onto the roadway below.
consequences of being struck by a vehicle may be quite
A bridge, an overpass, or an underpass may be necessary to See Figure 3.11 for example of full screening. serious. Bridges should be covered or screened to reduce the
provide pedestrian/bicycle continuity to sidewalks, bicycle c. The use of chain link fence on ramps of the
likelihood of objects being dropped or thrown onto the
lanes and shared use paths. Bicyclists should be pedestrian bridges will be determined on a project-
roadway below. The overpass sh ould be on the pedestrian
accommodated at all pedestrian bridges (e.g., provide an by-project basis.
desire line for crossing the roadway, with no alternative
alternative to stairs).
Pedestrian underpasses are generally undesirable; provision within approximately 200 m either side of the
The overpass or bridge design shall be in accordance with the however, if one is required, the geometrics and lighting proposed location. The area adjacent to overpasses may be
criteria established below: requirements should be discussed with the PCGA and fenced to prevent unsafe crossings and to channel
the CDG. pedestrians to the vertical separation structure.
1. The minimum clear width for new pedestrian bridges is:
a. On a pedestrian structure – 2.4 m.
b. On a shared use path structure – 3.65 m.
Index No. 300
are flush with
h grade, well seeated, and usee bicycle-safe
grates and covvers.
3. Responsive an nd appropriatte traffic contrrol devices,
consistent witth guidance in
n this Manual & PTTM,
including providing bicyclee oriented direectional signagge.
3.4.88.1 Bicyclee Lanes

Bicyyclists and pedestrians sh hould be exp pected on alll of
the province roadways
r exxcept wheree restricted on
limiited access faacilities, Natiionals highwways, Motorw ways
and Expresswayys. Decisionss on approp priate pedestrrian
and bicycle faccilities shall be determin ned with in nput
fromm the review w committee (See Chapterr 1), through hout
the project devvelopment an nd implemen ntation process.
Peooples with Disabilities
D alsso be necesssary to consiider
Figuree 3.9: Design
n Layout of Pedestrian
P Ovverpass
Figu
ure 3.10: Desiign Layout of Pedestrian Underpass in the
t transportation design n. When co onsidering otther
3.4.7.2 Pedestrian Underpasses
U avaiilable meanss, the alternaate route orr facility sho ould
Table 3.4: Vertical of Grade Se parations for Pedestrians
incluude accomm modation fo or cyclists anda pedestriians
Pedestriann underpassees perform the same fuunction as Vertical Clearan
nce of Vertical Cleearance of which meet the design criterria for bicyclee and pedestrrian
overpassess. Their use iss often conveenient when th he roadway Overpass Underrpass facillities on roadways, and provide acceess to the saame
if elevateed somewhaat above th e surroundin ng terrain. servvices, originaation and deestination sites, and tran nsit
Underpassses should be b adequatelyy maintained to reduce 5.1 m 3.0 m
connections as thet project corridor.
c Thee alternate ro oute
potential problems in n lighting, cleaning,
c pollicing, and shalll not result in
i a significaant increase ini travel timee or
flooding tot maximize safety.
s The suubway shouldd be on the trip length, expo osure to mottorized traffiic or substan ntial
3.4.8 Bicycle Faacilities
pedestriann desire line for crossing the roadwayy, with no
Approp priately design
ned and locatted bicycle faccilities play an
n
elevvation changges. If the alternate
a rouute requires the
alternativee provision wiithin approximmately 200 m either side
importaant role in supporting safe bicycle travel.t Bicyclee pedestrian or bicyclist to cro oss limited acccess, arteriaal or
of the proposed
p location. For pedestrians
p to use the
underpass, it must be clean, well-lit, and clear visib
bility of the facilitiees include biccycle lanes, paved
p shouldeers, and widee colleector roadw ways, or rail r corridorrs, approprriate
exit must be afforded d to the pedeestrians beforre entering. curb laanes, shared use paths, trraffic controll devices, and d crosssing locationns shall be prrovided.
Underpasss may not be located at plaaces which aree subject to bicycle parking facilitties. Where required by, a bicyclee lane shall be b provided for
drainage isssues. eachh direction ofo travel on the roadwaay. Bicycle laanes
Measurres that can considerably
c enhance
e a co
orridor’s safetyy
shalll be markedd in accordaance with Deesign Standaards
and cap
pacity for bicyycle travel are:
and the PTTM.
1. Pro
oviding bicycle facilities. On curb and gutter roadw ways, a 1.222 m minim mum
2. Maaintaining a sm mooth, clean riding
r surface, free of bicyycle lane widtth measured from the lip p of the gutteer is
obstructions. Th his includes en
nsuring drainagge inlets and requuired.
utillity covers th at
a cannot be moved
m out of the
t travel wayy
Index No. 300
Table 3.5: Bicycle Facilities A minimum width of 1.5 m shall be provided when the bicycle lane is adjacent to on-street
parking, a left-turn lane, guardrail or other barrier.
Type of Work On flush shoulder roadways, the paved shoulder described in Section 3.5.2, should be marked as
a bicycle lane in or within 1.6 Km of an urban area.
Reconstruction Where parking is present, the bicycle lane shall be placed between the parking lane and the travel
Traffic
New Construction
Condition
Resurfacing, lane and have a minimum width of 1.5 m. If the parking volume is substantial or the turnover is
Location
Operations, high, an additional 0.3 to 0.6 m of width should be provided if available.

Restoration, At intersections with right turn lanes, the bicycle lane shall continue adjacent to the through
Intersection lane; between the through lane and the left turn lane, and shall be 1.5 m in width for new
Rehabilitation construction and reconstruction projects. On RRR projects where the bicycle lane is required in
Improvements accordance with Chapter 2, a 1.5 m bicycle lane width should be provided (1.22 m minimum).
(RRR) 1, 2
Bicycle lanes shall be one-way facilities and carry bicycle traffic in the same direction as adjacent
In or within motor vehicle traffic. On one-way streets, bicycl e lanes should generally be placed on the left
Bicycle Lane or Bicycle Lane or side of the street. A bicycle lane on the right side of the street can be considered if it will
Bicycle
1.6 Km of an All
Lane
Wide Curb Lane Wide Curb Lane
substantially reduce the number of potential conflicts, such as those caused by frequent bus
urban area traffic, heavy left-turn movements, high-turnover parking lanes, or if there is a significant
number of right-turning bicyclists.
Curb and
gutter Bicycle Lane or Bicycle Lane or 3.4.8.2 Paved Shoulders
Bicycle
Lane
(DS ≤70 Wide Curb Lane Wide Curb Lane A paved shoulder is a portion of a roadway which has been delineated by edge line striping, but
Beyond 1.6
Kph) does not include special pavement markings or signing for the preferential use by bicyclists.
Km of an
Paved shoulders shall be 1.5 m in width for new construction, reconstruction and RRR projects;
Bicycle
urban area Bicycle Lane, Paved Bicycle Lane, Paved however existing 1.22 m paved shoulders on RRR projects may be retained. A paved shoulder of
Lane or
Shoulder or Shoulder or
All other at least 1.22 m in width is considered to be a bicycle facility; however a minimum 1.5 m clear
Paved width between the traveled way and the face of curb, guardrail or other roadside barrier is
Wide Curb Lane Wide Curb Lane
Shoulder
required.
1. Widening existing curbed sections for the project length on RRR projects for the sole
3.4.8.3 Wide Curb Lanes
purpose of providing a bicycle lane is considered to be an excessively disproportionate
cost, given the costs associated with relocating/reconstructing the curb, sidewalk, and Wide outside curb lanes are through lanes which provide a minimum of 4.3 m in width. This
drainage system, acquisition of additional right of way, or utility impacts. No Design width allows most motor vehicles to pass cyclists within the travel lane, which is not possible in
Variation is necessary. more typical 3.0 to 3.65 m wide travel lanes. Wide curb la nes do not meet PGDM requirements
2. On existing multilane roadways without bicycle lanes, if truck volumes are 10% or less, for bicycle facilities on new construction or reconstruction projects. However, in some
consideration shall be given to reducing traffic lane width(s) to provide a bicycle lane or conditions, such as RRR projects, they may be the only practical option for a bicycle facility.
wide curb lane.
Index No. 300
that are otherwise served only by limited access highways and bicyclists, joggers, skaters and pedestrians, by large
3.4.8.4 Bicycle Route Systems closed to bicycles. maintenance or emergency vehicles and steep grades. Only
under severe constraints should providing less than 3.65 m
Bicycle route systems are linked by signs to aid bicyclists. • Considerations be considered.
Bicycle route systems are ineffectual unless signs are highly Shared use paths adjacent to a roadway may be considered if
the following conditions are met: • Cross Slopes
specific, giving a clear indication of destination. It may be
1. The path will be separated from the roadway. Since pedestrian use is expected on shared use paths,
advantageous to sign some urban and rural.
2. There will be few access points or roadways crossing the requirements for handicapped and disabled persons must be
path. met. Therefore, the maximum cross-slope should be 2%.
3.4.8.5 Drainage and Utility Considerations
3. There will be adequate access to local streets and other The maximum cross-slope for a path used exclusively by
Drainage inlets, grates and utility covers are potential facilities along the path. bicyclists is 6%.
problems to bicyclists. When a new roadway is designed, all 4. There is a commitment to provide path continuity with
such grates and covers should be kept out of the bicyclists' other bikeways throughout the corridor. • Grades
expected path. Refer to the Chapter 5 for required grates and Shared use paths are not replacements for on-street bicycle To meet the requirement the maximum grade is 5%. Grades
inlet tops. See Chapter 2 of this volume for horizontal lanes. Within a roadway right of way, bicycle lanes are the greater than 5% should be considered ramps and designed
clearances for light poles. safest, most efficient bicycle facility. When paths are located accordingly. Maximum ramp slop es are 8.33% and can have a
immediately adjacent to roadways, some operational maximum rise of 0.76 m, with a level landing at least 1.5 m in
3.4.8.6 Shared Use Paths
problems are likely to occur: length.
Shared use paths are typically facilities on exclusive rights of 1. Paths require one direction of bicycle traffic to ride To accommodate bicycles excl usively, grades should not
way and with minimal cross flow of motor vehicles. They are against motor vehicle traffic, which is contrary to the exceed 5%, since steeper grades cause difficulties for many
almost always used by pedestrians, joggers, in-line skaters, normal Rules of the Road. Motorists are not in the habit bicyclists. If the terrain makes it necessary to use steeper
bicyclists, and Non-motorized vehicles (NMVs). However, of scanning for traffic from that direction. grades on short sections, the following restrictions are
the bicycle's operating characteristics will dictate the design 2. At path ends, bicyclists riding against traffic will tend to recommended:
of shared use paths. The criteria in this section apply to continue to travel on the wrong side of the street, as do
paved shared use paths. The term path as used in this section bicyclists getting on to a path. Wrong-way travel by Table 3.6: Maximum Grade Lengths
refers to these paved shared use paths. bicyclists is a major cause of bicycle/automobile crashes
Shared use paths should be thought of as extensions of the and should be discouraged. Grade (%) Maximum Length (m)
highway system that are intended for the exclusive or 3. Many bicyclists will use the roadway instead of the path
preferential use of bicycles and pedestrians in much the same 6% For up to 240
because they have found the roadway to be safer, less
way as freeways are intended for the exclusive or preferential congested, more convenient, or better maintained. 7% For up to 120
use of motor vehicles. Well planned and designed paths can
provide good pedestrian and bicycle mobility. • Widths 8% For up to 90
Shared use paths can serve a variety of purposes. They can The minimum width of a one-directional shared use path is 6
provide a school age child or a bicycle commuter with a 9% For up to 61
feet. It should be recognized, however, that one-way paths
shortcut away from busy roadways. They can provide will often be used as two-way facilities unless effective 10% For up to 30
recreational cyclists a peaceful place to ride, away from motor measures are taken to assure one-way operation.
vehicle traffic. Shared use paths can be located along The minimum width for a two-way shared use path is 3.65 m. 11+% For up to 15
abandoned railroad rights of way, the banks of rivers and Under certain conditions it may be necessary or desirable to
other similar areas. They can provide bicycle access to areas increase the width of a path due to substantial use by
Index No. 300
NOTE Table 3.7: Minimum Radii for Shared Use Paths Table 3.8: Minimum Stopping Sight Distance m for 30
Kph Path = 39 m, for 50 Kph Path = 9 m
When using a longer grade, 1.22 to 1.8 m of additional width Minimum
should be added to the path to allow some bicyclists to Design Super Friction
Radius Design
dismount and walk their bikes. Additional clear distances Speed elevation Factor Speed Grades
(ft.)
should be provided and sight distances must be modified to -9% -8% -7% -6% -5% -4% -3% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9%
accommodate longer grades. 20 2% 0.27 29 30 Kph Use 50 Kph Values 137 134 121 119 118 116 115 114 113
Refer to Section for controls on grade changes.
20 -2% 0.27 34 50 Kph 298 287 277 268 260 Use 30 Kph Values
• Horizontal Clearance
30 2% 0.22 76
A 1.22 m horizontal clearance to lateral obstructions
should be maintained on both sides of a shared use 30 -2% 0.22 90 • Separation between Shared Use Path and Roadway
path. 0.6 m wide graded area with a maximum 1:6 slope
When two-way shared use paths are located adjacent to a
should be maintained adjacent to both sides of the path.
• Stopping Sight Distance roadway, a separation shall be provided. This demonstrates
Edge drop-offs should be avoided. When drop-offs
cannot be avoided they should be shielded as discussed to both path users and motorists that the shared use path is a
The minimum stopping sight distances for a shared use path
in Section 3.6. separate facility.
are given in .8. For a shared use path the object height is
On roadways with flush shoulders, this separation is 1.5 m
assumed 0.0 m and the eye height is 1.4 m.
• Vertical Clearance measured from the outside edge of shoulder to the inside
The minimum length of vertical curve necessary to provide
The vertical clearance to obstructions should be a minimum edge of the path. On roadways with curbs, the separation is
minimum stopping sight distance at various speeds on crest
of 8 feet. However, vertical clearance may need to be greater 1.22 m measured from the back of curb to the inside edge of
vertical curves is selected by using the formula listed below:
to permit passage of maintenance and emergency vehicles. In the path, with consideration of other roadside obstructions
When S > L:
underpasses and tunnels, 3.0 m is desirable. (signs, light poles, etc.).
L = 2S - (900 / A)
L = Min. Length of Vertical Curve (ft.) • Path Railings
• Design Speed
A = Algebraic Grade Difference (%)
A design speed of 30 Kph should normally be used. When a Railings or fences shall be provided as indicated in Section
When S < L:
downgrade exceeds 4 percent, a design speed of 50 Kph 3.4.6.
L = AS² / 900
should be considered. S = Stopping Sight Distance (ft.) • Lighting
• Horizontal Alignment Lighting for shared use paths is important and should be
considered where riding at night is expected, such as paths
• Minimum Radii serving college students or commuters, and at roadway
intersections. Lighting should also be considered through
The effective super elevation is usually limited to the existing
underpasses or tunnels.
2% cross slope and may be positive or negative. If a
The PTTM and Design Standards of this Manual shall be
transition is needed, then a minimum 23 m transition should
consulted for all signage, pavement markings, and signals,
be used. See for minimum radii for shared use paths.
especially on path/roadway intersections.
Index No. 300
3.5 Curbs from driving close to the wall, and thus ensure the safety
walk, reducing the risk to persons walking from disabled
Curbs may be used to provide drainage control and to
vehicles.
improve delineation of the road. Curbs are generally designed
with a gutter to form a combination Curb and gutter section. 3.5.1.2 Mountable Curbs / Slopping Curbs
Curbs with nearly vertical faces are used along the outside
Sloping Curbs are designed so vehicles can cross them readily
edge of the road to discourage vehicles from leaving the
when the need arises. Sloping Curbs are low with flat sloping
carriageway.
faces. Sloping Curbs can be used at median edges, to outline
Curbs are used extensively on all types of low-speed urban
channelizing islands in intersection areas, at the outer edge of
roads. The type and location of Curbs affect the driver’s
the shoulder or any other required delineation within the
behavior and, in turn, the safety and utility of a road.
road, a semi mountable type may be used.
Curbs serve any or all of the following purposes:
1. Drainage control;
2. Carriageway delineation;
3. Right-of-way reduction;
4. Aesthetics;
5. Delineation of pedestrian walkways;
6. Reduction of maintenance operations and assistance in
orderly roadside development.
A Curb, by definition, incorporates some raised or vertical
element.
3.5.1 Types of Curb

The two general classes of Curbs are:
1. Barrier Curbs / Vertical Curbs
2. Mountable Curbs / Slopping Curbs
Each has numerous types and detail design. Each may be
designed as a separate unit or integrally with the pavement.
3.5.1.1 Barrier Curbs / Vertical Curbs

Vertical Curbs may be either vertical or nearly vertical and
are intended to discourage vehicles from leaving the road.
They range from 100 to 200 mm [4 to 8 in] in height. Vertical
Curbs should not be used along motorways or other high-
speed roads because an out-of-control vehicle may overturn
or become airborne as a result of an impact with such a
Curb.
Vertical Curbs and safety walks may be desirable along the
faces of long walls and tunnels, particularly if full shoulders
are not provided. These Curbs tend to discourage vehicles
Index No. 300
3.11

Index No.300
CURB STONES DETAILS 1 of 1
3.11a:

Index No.300
CURB STONES DETAILS 1 of 1
3.6 Standard for Pedestrian / Bicycle 3.6.2.2 Applicability Note to Designer: pads and all incidental materials and labor required to
This roiling is not applicable for shielding drop-off hazards complete installation of the railing.
Picket Railings for vehicular traffic. This railing is applicable for all cases
3.6.2.5 Rails, Pickets & Posts:
where a pedestrian or bicyclist drop-off hazard exceeds 2'-6"
3.6.1 Standard for Steel Pedestrian / Bicycle or when a drop-off hazard is less than 2'-6" and is required Pipe Rails and Pickets shall be in accordance with ASTM
by design. For unusual site conditions a site specific railing is A53 Grade B for standard weight pipe or ASTM A36 for
Picket Railings
to be designed by the responsible engineer. The railing bars. Structural Tube Posts shall be in accordance with
drawings shown on Sheet No……requires a handrail for ASTM A500 Grade A, B, C or D, or ASTM A501. Posts and
3.6.1.1 Design Live Loads
ramps steeper than a 5% grade. End Rails shall be fabricated and installed plumb, ± 1"
Post and Base Plate: Equivalent point load = 200 lb. load + tolerance when measured at 3'-6" above the foundation.
(50 1b. /ft. x Post Spacing (ft.) applied transversely at top rail 3.6.2.3 Alternate Design: Pickets shall be fabricated parallel to the posts. Corners and
connection. Top & Bottom Rails: 50 lb./ft. uniform load changes in tangential longitudinal alignment shall be made
Manufacturers seeking approval of proprietary railing systems
applied simultaneously vertically and transversely 200 lb. continuous with a 9" bend radius or terminate at adjoining
for inclusion on the Qualified Products List as pre-approved
concentrated point load applied at mid span in the directions sections with mitered end sections when handrails are not
alternate designs must submit application along with design
for both maximum stress and deflection. Handrails required. For changes in tangential longitudinal alignment
documentation showing the proprietary roiling system is
Maximum of either 50 lb./ft. uniform load applied in any greater than 45°, posts shall be positioned at a maximum
designed to meet the design life, live loads, geometry and
direction or 250 lb. concentrated load applied in any distance of 2'-0" each side of the corner and shall not be
deflection requirements specified herein. All fixed joints are
direction at any point along the top. located at the corner apex. For curved longitudinal
to be either welded or commercially designed fixed joint
Pickets: Concentrated 200 lb. load applied transversely over alignments the top and bottom rails and handrails shall be
systems. Each field section of railing must be identified with
an area of 1.0 square foot. shop bent to match the alignment radius.
a permanently affixed label with the manufacturer's name.
Labels must be a maximum of 1/2" by 3" and located at the
base of a post within the field section. Project specific shop Table 3.9: Railing Member Dimensions
3.6.2 Geometry
drawings are required for approved railings. Member Desi gnat i on Out si de Wall
Clear Opening between Pickets: Shall reject the passage of a Di mens i on Thickness
In lieu of design calculations, submit certified test reports
4" diameter sphere below 42" height, and a 8" diameter from on approved independent testing agency. Test railing 2.00" x 4.00” 0.188"
2" x 4" Rectangular
sphere above 42" height. systems in accordance with ASTM E935 (Test Method A & Posts
Tube
Clear Opening under Bottom Roil: Shall reject the passage of C) using test loads at least 175% of the design load. Test
a 2" diameter sphere. Rails 2" NPS 2.375" 0.154"
proprietary or nonstandard anchorage systems in accordance
ADA Handrail Height: 34" Rail Joint/Splice Sleeves 121" NPS 1.900" 0.145"
with ASTM E894 (Flexural Test). Anchorage systems must
Standard Pedestrian/Bicycle Railing Height: 42" minimum. resist the minimum of 175% of the design load for failure of Handrail Joint/Splice Sleeves 1" NPS 1.315" 0.133"
Special Height Bicycle Railing Height: 54" minimum. the steel anchors or 220% of the design load for failure in the Handr ai l s 121" NPS 1.900" 0.145"
concrete foundation. Handrail Support Bar 1" Ø Round Bar 1.000" N/A
3.6.2.1 Deflection:
Pickets 1 0.840"
Total combined deflection of the railing system including the 3.6.2.4 Payment: 2" NPS 0.109"
resilient or neoprene pads, due to the top rail design live ¾” Ø Round Ba r 0.750" N/A
Roiling shall be paid for per linear foot Payment will be plan
loads, shall not exceed 1'" when measured at mid span of the quantity measured as the length along the center line of the 3.6.2.6 Base Plates & Post Caps:
top roil. top roil, and includes rails, posts, pickets, rail splice assembly, Base Plates and Post Cap plates shall be in accordance with
base plates, anchor bolts, nuts, washers, resilient or neoprene ASTM A36 or ASTM A709 Grade 36.
Index No. 300
STANDARD FOR PEDESTRIAN / BICYCLE 1 of 1
3.6.2.7 Shim Plates: 3.6.2.11 Joints: 3.7.1 Geometry
Shim Plates shall be aluminum in accordance with ASTM All fixed joints are to be welded all around and ground Clear Opening between Pickets: Shall reject the passage of a
8209, Alloy 6061 or 6063. Shim plates shall be used for smooth. Expansion joints shall be spaced at a maximum 40'- 4" diameter sphere below 42" height, and a 8" diameter
foundation height adjustments greater than 1/4" and 0". Field splices similar to the expansion joint detail may be sphere above 42" height. Clear Opening under Bottom Roil:
localized irregularities greater than 18".Field trim shim plates approved by the Engineer to facilitate hot-dip galvanizing Shall reject the passage of a 2" diameter sphere.
when necessary to match the contours of the foundation. and handling, but roiling must be continuous across a ADA Handrail Height' 34"
Beveled shim plates may be used in lieu of trimmed flat shim minimum of two posts. Only use the Continuity Field Splice Standard Pedestrian/Bicycle Railing Height: 42" minimum.
plates shown. Stacked shim plates must be bonded together to make the railing continuous for unforeseen field Special Height Bicycle Railing Height: 54" minimum.
with an adhesive bonding material and limited to a maximum adjustments. Metalize rail ends with a galvanizing compound
total thickness of '2", unless longer anchor bolts are provided when field adjustments are required. 3.7.2 Deflection
for the exposed thread length. Total combined deflection of the railing system including the
3.6.2.12 Weep Holes:
resilient or neoprene pads, due to the top rail design live
3.6.2.8 Coatings: Weep holes shall be 1" 0 and located at the low point loads, shall not exceed 1!12" when measured at mid span of
The railing shall be hot-dip galvanized after fabrication. All between adjacent posts for both top and bottom rails. Holes the top roil.
nuts, bolts and washers shall be hot-dip galvanized. shall be drilled through the underside of the rails prior to
hot-dip galvanizing. 3.7.2.1 Applicability Note to REDSP
3.6.2.9 Anchor Bolts:
This roiling is not applicable for shielding drop-off hazards
Anchor bolts shall be in accordance with ASTM F1554 3.6.2.13 Shop Drawings:
for vehicular traffic. This railing is applicable for all cases
Grade 36. Headless anchor bolts for Adhesive Anchors shall Complete details addressing project specific geometry (line & where a pedestrian or bicyclist drop-off hazard exceeds 2'-6"
be threaded full-length. Cutting of reinforcing steel is grade) showing post and expansion joint locations, anchor or when a drop-off hazard is less than 2'-6" and is required
permitted for drilled whole installation. Expansion Anchors bolt installation "Case" or lengths, and venting holes for by design. Adequate foundation support shall be provided
are not permitted. All anchor bolts shall have single self- galvanizing, must be submitted by the Contractor for the for anchorage and stability against overturning. For unusual
locking hex nuts. Tack welding of the nut to the anchor bolt Engineer's approval prior to fabrication of the roiling. Shop site conditions a site specific railing is to be designed by the
may be used in lieu of self-locking nuts. All nuts shall be in drawings shall be in accordance with the Specifications. responsible engineer. The railing shown on these drawings
accordance with ASTM A563 or ASTM A194. Flat Washers requires a handrail for ramps steeper than a 57 grade
shall be in accordance with ASTM F436 and Plate Washers 3.7 Design Live Loads
(for long slotted holes only), shall be in accordance with Post and Base Plate: Equivalent point load = 200 lb. load + 3.7.3 Alternate Design
ASTM A36 or ASTM A709 Grade 36. After the nuts have (50 1b. /ft. x Post Spacing (ft.) applied transversely at top rail Manufacturers seeking approval of proprietary railing systems
been snug tightened, the anchor bolt threads shall be connection. for inclusion on the Qualified Products List as pre-approved
distorted to prevent removal of the nuts. Distorted threads Top & Bottom Rails: 50 lb./ ft. uniform load applied alternate designs must submit application along with design
and tack welds shall be coated with a galvanizing compound. simultaneously vertically and transversely 200 lb. documentation showing the proprietary roiling system is
concentrated point load applied at mid span in the directions designed to meet the design life, live loads, geometry and
3.6.2.10 Resilient and Neoprene Pads:
for both maximum stress and deflection. deflection requirements specified herein. All fixed joints are
Resilient and Neoprene pods shall be except that testing of Handrails Maximum of either 50 lb. /ft. uniform load applied to be either welded or commercially designed fixed joint
the finished pads shall not be required. Neoprene pads shall in any direction or 250 lb. concentrated load applied in any systems. Each field section of railing must be identified with
be PRESTRESSED hardness 60 or 70. direction at any point along the top. a permanently affixed label with the manufacturer's name.
Pickets: Concentrated 200 lb. load applied transversely over Labels must be a maximum of 1/2" by 3" and located at the
an area of 1.0 square foot. base of a post within the field section. Project specific shop
drawings are required for approved railings..
Index No. 300
DESIGN LIVE LOADS 1 of 1
In lieu of design calculations, submit certified test reports 3.8.1 Base Plates & Post Caps 3.8.1.5 Joints
from on approved independent testing agency. Test railing All fixed joints are to be welded all around and ground
Base Plates and Post Cap plates shall be in accordance with
systems in accordance with ASTM E935 (Test Method A & ASTM 8209, Alloy 6061-T6. smooth. Expansion joints shall be spaced at a maximum 35'-
C) using test loads at least 175% of the design load. Test 0". Field splices similar to the expansion joint detail may be
proprietary or nonstandard anchorage systems in accordance 3.8.1.1 Shim Plates approved by the Engineer to facilitate handling, but railing
with ASTM E894 (Flexural Test). Anchorage systems must must be continuous across a minimum of two posts. Only
Shim Plates shall be aluminum in accordance with ASTM
resist the minimum of 175% of the design load for failure of B209, Alloy 6061 or 6063. Shim plates shall be used for use the Continuity Field Splice to make the roiling
continuous for unforeseen field adjustments.
the steel anchors or 220% of the design load for failure in the foundation height adjustments greater than /" and localized
concrete foundation. irregularities greater than Field trim shim plates when 3.8.1.6 Shop Drawings:
necessary to match the contours of the foundation. Beveled
shim plates may be used in lieu of trimmed flat shim plates Complete details addressing project specific geometry (line &
3.8 Rails, Pickets & Posts grade) showing post and expansion joint locations, anchor
shown. Stacked shim plates must be bonded together with
Structural Tube, Pipe and Bar shall be in accordance with adhesive bonding material and limited to a maximum total bolt installation "Case" or lengths, must be submitted by the
ASTM B221 or ASTM 8429, Alloy 6061-T6. End Rail 90° thickness of /2", unless longer anchor bolts are provided for Contractor for the Engineer's approval prior to fabrication of
bends and corner bends with maximum 4'-0" post spacing, the exposed thread length. the roiling.
may be Alloy 6063-T6. Posts and End Rails shall be
3.8.1.2 Coatings 3.8.1.7 Payment
fabricated and installed plumb, ± 1" tolerance when
measured at 3'-6" above the foundation. Pickets shall be The aluminum railing shall be mill finish unless otherwise Railing shall be paid for per linear foot. Payment will be plan
fabricated parallel to the posts. Corners and changes in noted in the Contract Documents. All nuts, bolts and quantity measured as the length along the center line of the
tangential longitudinal alignment shall be made continuous washers shall be hot-dip galvanized. top rail, and includes rails, posts, pickets, rail splice assembly,
with a 9" bend radius or terminate at adjoining sections with base plates, anchor bolts, nuts, washers, resilient or neoprene
mitered end sections when handrails are not required. For 3.8.1.3 Anchor Bolts: pads and all incidental materials and labor required to
changes in tangential longitudinal alignment greater than 45°, complete installation of the railing.
Anchor bolts shall be in accordance with ASTM F1554
posts shall be positioned at a maximum distance of 2'-0" each
Grade 36. Headless anchor bolts for Adhesive Anchors shall
side of the corner and shall not be located at the corner apex.
be threaded full-length. Cutting of reinforcing steel is
For curved longitudinal alignments the top and bottom rails
permitted for drilled whole installation. Expansion Anchors
and handrails shall be shop bent to match the alignment
are not permitted. All anchor bolts shall have single self-
radius.
locking hex nuts. Tack welding of the nut to the anchor bolt
may be used in lieu of self-locking nuts. All nuts shall be in
Table 3.10: Railing Member Dimensions
accordance with ASTM A563 or ASTM A194. Flat Washers
shall be in accordance with ASTM F436 and Plate Washers
Designation Outside (for long slotted holes only), shall be in accordance with
Member Wall Thickness
Dimension
Posts 2" x 4" Rectangular Tube 2.00" x 4.00" 0.250"
ASTM A36 or ASTM A709 Grade 36. After the nuts hove
Rails 2" NPS 2.375" 0.154"
been snug tightened, the anchor bolt threads shall be
Rail Joint/Splice Sleeves 121" NPS 1.900" 0.145"
distorted to prevent removal of the nuts. Distorted threads
Handrail Joint/Splice Sleeves 1" NPS 1.315" 0.133"
and tack welds shall be coated with a galvanizing compound
Handrails 121" NPS 1.900" 0.145"
in accordance with the Specifications.
Handrail Support Bar 1" Ø Round Bar 1.000" N/A
3.8.1.4 Resilient and Neoprene Pads
Pickets ¾” NPS 1.050" 0.113"
Resilient and Neoprene pads shall be in accordance with
Specification Section 932 except that testing of the finished
pads shall not be required. Neoprene pads shall be durometer
hardness 60 or 70.
Index No. 300
RAILS, PICKETS & POSTS 1 of 1
Figure 3.12: Typical Section Details of Sidewalk, Gravity wall Steps Stairs

Index No.300
TYPICAL SECTION DETAILS OF SIDEWALK, GRAVITY WALL STEPS STAIRS 1 of 1
Figure 3.12 a: Roadside Public Facilities

Index No.300
ROADSIDE PUBLIC TRANSIT FACILITIES 1 of 1
Figure 3.12 b: Railings on Steps and Stairs

Index No.300
RAILINGS ON STEPS AND STAIRS 1 of 1
Figure 3.12 c: Rail Connections

Index No.300
RAIL CONNECTIONS 1 of 1
Figure 3.12 d: Typical Section Details of Sidewalk, Retaining Wall Steps Stairs

Index No.300
TYPICAL SECTION DETAILS OF SIDEWALK, RETAINING WALL STEPS STAIRS 1 of 1
Figure 3.12 e: Railing Details

Index No.300
RAILING DETAILS 1 of 1
Figure 3.12 f: Curb and Side Mounted Support Bracket Details

Index No.300
CURB AND SIDE MOUNTED SUPPORT BRACKET DETAILS 1 of 1
3.9 Design Live Loads E894 (Flexural Test). Anchorage systems must resist the foundation. Bevelled shim plates may be used in lieu of
minimum of 175% of the design load for failure of the steel trimmed flat shim plates shown. Stacked shim plates must be
This Guardrail was tested and found to resist an equivalent anchors or 220% of the design load for failure in the bonded together with adhesive bonding material and limited
Service Loading of 50 lbs. /ft. acting simultaneously in the concrete foundation. to a maximum total thickness of ½”", unless longer anchor
transverse and vertical direction when applied at the height bolts are provided for the exposed thread length.
of the Top Rail. 3.9.3 Pipe Railing &b Posts
3.9.3.3 Coatings
Structural Tube, Pipe and Bar shall be in accordance with
3.9.1 Applicability Note to REDSP
ASTM B221 or ASTM 8429,. End Rail 90° bends and corner The aluminum railing shall be mill finish unless otherwise
This Index is not approved for use on bridges. This railing is bends with maximum 4'-0" post spacing, may be End Rails noted in the Contract Documents. All nuts, bolts and
not applicable for shielding drop-off hazards for vehicular shall be fabricated and installed plumb, ± 1" tolerance when washers shall be hot-dip galvanized.
traffic. This railing is applicable for all cases where a measured at 3'-6" above the foundation. Corners and changes
in tangential longitudinal alignment may be made continuous 3.9.3.4 Anchor Bolts
pedestrian or bicyclist drop-off hazards do not exceed 2`6",
Pedestrian/Bicycle Railings for customary applications are with a 9" bend radius or terminated at adjoining sections with Anchor bolts shall be in accordance with ASTM F1554
provided. Also applicable for select uses on sidewalks within a standard end hoop when handrails are not required. For Grade 36. Headless anchor bolts for Adhesive Anchors shall
service areas and similar locations or maintenance areas changes in tangential longitudinal alignment greater than 45°, be threaded full-length. Cutting of reinforcing steel is
where the drop off exceeds 2'-6". Adequate foundation posts shat/be positioned at a maximum distance of 2'-0" permitted for drilled whole installation. All anchor bolts shall
support shat/be provided for anchorage and stability against each side of the corner and shall not be located at the corner have single self-locking hex nuts. Tack welding of the nut to
overturning. apex. For curved longitudinal alignments the top and bottom the anchor bolt may be used in lieu of self-locking nuts. All
rails and handrails shall be shop bent to match the alignment nuts shall be in accordance with ASTM A563 or ASTM
3.9.2 Alternate Design radius. A194. Flat Washers shall be in accordance with ASTM F436
Manufacturers seeking approval of proprietary railing systems and Plate Washers (for long slotted holes only), shall be in
Table 3.11: Railing Member Dimensions
for inclusion on the Qualified Products List as pre-approved accordance with ASTM A36 or ASTM A709 Grade 36. After
alternate designs must submit application along with design Member Designation Outside
Wall Thickness
the nuts have been snug tightened, the anchor bolt threads
Dimension
documentation showing the proprietary railing system is Posts 2" NPS 2.375" 0.154"
shall be distorted to prevent removal of the nuts. Distorted
designed to meet the live load and geometric requirements Rails 2" NPS 2.375" 0.154" threads and tack welds shall be coated with a galvanizing
Rail Joint/Splice Sleeves 121" NPS 1.900" 0.145" compound.
specified herein, provides a minimum 50 year design life and Handrail Joint/Splice Sleeves 1" NPS 1.315" 0.133"
that deflections due to the Design Live Loads do not exceed Handrails 121" NPS 1.900" 0.145"
3.9.3.5 Resilient and Neoprene Pads
1-1/2" at mid span of the top rail. All fixed joints are to be Handrail Support Bar 1" Ø Round Bar 1.000" N/A
either welded or commercially designed fixed joint systems. Resilient and Neoprene pads shall be, except that testing of
Each field section of railing must be identified with a 3.9.3.1 Base Plates the finished pads shall not be required. Neoprene pads shall
permanently affixed label with the manufacturer's name. Base Plates shall be in accordance with ASTM 8209, Alloy be durometer hardness 60 or 70.
Labels must be a maximum of 1-1/2" by 3" and located at 6061-T6.
the base of a post within the field section. Project specific 3.9.3.6 Joints
shop drawings are required for approved railings. In lieu of 3.9.3.2 Shim Plates All fixed joints are to be welded all around and ground
design calculations, submit certified test reports from an smooth. Expansion Joints shall be spaced at a maximum of
approved independent testing agency. Test railing systems in 30'-0". Field splices similar to the expansion joint detail may
B209, Alloy 6061 or 6063. Shim plates shall be used for
accordance with ASTM E935 (Test Method A & C) using be approved by the Engineer to facilitate shipping and
foundation height adjustments greater than 1/4" and
test loads at least 175% of the design load. Test proprietary handling, but rails must be continuous across a minimum of
localized irregularities greater than 1/8". Field trim shim
or nonstandard anchorage systems in accordance with ASTM
plates when necessary to match the contours of the
Figure 3.12 g: Curb and Side Mounted Support Bracket Details
Index No. 300
two posts. Only use the Continuity Field Splice to make the
railing continuous for unforeseen field adjustments.
3.9.3.7 Shop Drawings

Complete details addressing project specific geometry (line &
grade) showing post and expansion joint locations must be
submitted by the Contractor for the Engineer's approval
prior to fabrication of the railing. Shop drawings shall be in
accordance with the Specifications.
3.9.3.8 Payment
Guardrail shall be paid for under the contract unit price for
Pipe Guardrail (Aluminum). Payment for the Guardrail will
be plan quantity measured as the length along the center line
of the top rail, and includes rails, posts, rail splice assembly,
base plates, anchor bolts, nuts, washers, resilient or neoprene
pads and all incidental materials and labor required to
complete
installation of the Guardrail.
Index No. 300
Figure 3.12 h: Railing Details & Railings on Grades

Index No.300
RAILING DETAILS & RAILINGS ON GRADES 1 of 1
Figure 3.12 i: Railing on Steps and Stairs

Index No.300
RAILING ON STEPS AND STAIRS 1 of 1
Figure 3.12 j: Rail Connections

Index No.300
RAIL CONNECTIONS 1 of 1
Figure 3.12 k: Typical Section Details of Sidewalk, Retaining Wall Steps Stairs

Index No.300
TYPICAL SECTION DETAILS OF SIDEWALK, RETAINING WALL STEPS STAIRS 1 of 1
3.10 Design Live Loads (Test Method A & C) using test loads at least 175% of the foundation. Bevelled shim plates may be used in lieu of
design load. Test proprietary or nonstandard anchorage trimmed flat shim plates shown. Stacked shim plates must be
The Guardrail shall resist an equivalent Service Loading of 50 systems in accordance with ASTM E894 (Flexural Test). bonded together with adhesive bonding material and limited
lbs./ft. acting simultaneously in the at 3'-6" above the Anchorage systems must resist the minimum of 175% of the to a maximum total thickness of 1/2", unless longer anchor
foundation. Corners and changes in tangential longitudinal design load for failure of the steel anchors or 220% of the bolts are provided for the exposed thread length.
alignment, may be made transverse and vertical direction design load for failure in the concrete foundation.
when applied at the height of the top rail. 3.10.3.3 Coatings
3.10.3 Pipe Railing & Posts The railing shall be hot-dip galvanized after fabrication in
3.10.1 Applicability Note to Designer
Pipe Rails and Posts shall be in accordance with ASTM accordance. All nuts, bolts and washers shall be hot-dip
This Index is not approved for use on bridges. This railing is A53Grade B for standard weight pipe and ASTM A500 galvanized in accordance.
not applicable for shielding drop-off hazards for vehicular Grade B, C or D or ASTM A501 for structural tube. Bars for
traffic. This railing is applicable for all cases where a handrail supports shall be ASTM A36. Posts and End Rails 3.10.3.4 Anchor Bolts
pedestrian or bicyclist drop-off hazards do not exceed 2'-6", shall be fabricated and installed plumb, ± 1" tolerance when Anchor bolts shall be in accordance with ASTM F1554
Pedestrian/Bicycle Railings for customary applications are measured continuous with a 9" bend radius or terminated at Grade 36. Headless anchor bolts for Adhesive Anchors shall
provided. Also applicable for select uses on sidewalks within adjoining sections with a standard end hoop when handrails be threaded full length. Cutting of reinforcing steel is
service areas and similar locations or maintenance areas are not required. For changes in tangential longitudinal permitted for drilled hole installation. All anchor bolts shall
where the drop off exceeds 2'-6". Adequate foundation alignment greater than 45°, posts shall be positioned at a have single self-locking hex nuts. Tack welding of the nut to
support shall be provided for anchorage and stability against maximum distance of 2'-0" each side of the corner and shall the anchor bolt may be used in lieu of self-locking nuts. All
overturning. For unusual site conditions a site specific railing not be located at the corner apex. For curved longitudinal nuts shall be in accordance with ASTM A563 or ASTM
is to be designed by the responsible engineer. alignments the top and bottom rails and handrails shall be A194. Flat Washers shall be in accordance with ASTM F436
shop bent to match the alignment radius. and Plate Washers (for long slotted holes only), shall be in
3.10.2 Alternate Design
accordance with ASTM A36 or ASTM A709 Grade 36. After
Manufacturers seeking approval of proprietary railing systems Table 3.12: Railing Member Dimensions the nuts have been snug tightened, the anchor bolt threads
for inclusion on the Qualified Products List as pre-approved shall be distorted to prevent removal of the nuts. Distorted
Member Designation Outside Dimension Wall Thickness
alternate designs must submit application along with design Posts 2" NPS 2.375" 0.154" threads and tack welds shall be coated with a galvanizing
documentation showing the proprietary railing system is Rails 2" NPS 2.375" 0.154" compound in accordance with the Specifications.
Rail Joint/Splice Sleeves 121" NPS 1.900" 0.145"
designed to meet the live load and geometric requirements Handrail Joint/Splice Sleeves 1" NPS 1.315" 0.133"
specified herein, provides a minimum 50 year design life and Handrails 121" NPS 1.900" 0.145" 3.10.3.5 Resilient and Neoprene Pads
Handrail Support Bar 1" Ø Round Bar 1.000" N/A
that deflections due to the Design Live Loads do not exceed Resilient and Neoprene pads shall be except that testing of
1'2" at mid span of the top rail. All fixed joints are to be 3.10.3.1 Base Plates the finished pads shall not be required. Neoprene pads shall
either welded or commercially designed fixed joint systems. be durometer hardness 60 or 70.
Base Plates shall be in accordance with ASTM A36 or ASTM
Each field section of railing must be identified with a
A709 Grade 36. 3.10.3.6 Joints
permanently affixed label with the manufacturer's name and
the approval number. Labels must be a maximum of 11/2" 3.10.3.2 Shim Plates All fixed joints are to be welded all around and ground
by 3" and located at the base of a post within the field smooth. Expansion Joints shall be spaced at a maximum of
section. Project specific shop drawings are required for 30'-0". Field splices similar to the expansion joint detail may
B209, Alloy 6061 or 6063. Shim plates shall be used for
approved railings. In lieu of design calculations, submit be approved by the Engineer to facilitate shipping and
foundation height adjustments greater than 1/4" and
certified test reports from an approved independent testing handling, but rails must be continuous across a minimum of
localized irregularities greater than 1/8". Field trim shim
agency. Test railing systems in accordance with ASTM E935 two posts. Only use the Continuity Field Splice (Detail "E")
plates when necessary to match the contours of the
Index No. 300
to make the railing continuous for unforeseen field There are two cases that require shielding. As shown in circumstances as identified in the commentary of the
adjustments. Figure 3.14-a1 (Case I), a drop-off greater than 10 inches that AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications Section
is closer than 0.6 m from the pedestrians' or bicyclists' 13.9. Specify the height of the pedestrian/bicycle railing in
3.10.3.7 Shop Drawings pathway or edge of sidewalk should be considered a hazard the contract plans.
Complete details addressing project specific geometry (line & and shielded. Also, as shown in Figure 3.14-a2 (Case II), a
grade) showing post and expansion joint locations must be slope steeper than 1:2 that begins closer than 0.6 m from the 3.12 Public Transit Facilities
submitted by the Contractor for the Engineer's approval pedestrians' or bicyclists' pathway or edge of sidewalk should When a project includes a public transit route, curb side and
prior to fabrication of the railing. Shop drawings shall be in be considered a hazard and shielded when the total drop-off street side transit facilities for bus stops should be considered
accordance with the Specifications. is greater than 0.76 m. Also, depending on the depth of the in the roadway design process.
drop-off and severity of the conditions below, shielding may
be necessary for cases other than described above. 3.12.1 Curb-Side Facilities
3.10.3.8 Payment However, in determining if shielding a drop-off hazard
Curb-side facilities are the most common, simplest and
Guardrail shall be paid for under the contract unit price for would be feasible for protecting pedestrians and bicyclists,
convenient form of facilities at a bus stop. These include bus
Pipe Guardrail (Steel). Payment for the Guardrail will be plan the following should be considered:
stop signs, passenger waiting shelters, bus stop wheelchair
quantity measured as the length along the center line of the 1. The Resident Engineer (Consultant) should ask the
access pad, curb ramps, benches, leaning rails, and shelter
top rail, and includes rails, posts, rail splice assembly, base PCGA for information on pedestrian and bicyclist traffic
lighting. Coordination with the CDG and/or local public
plates, anchor bolts, nuts, washer s, resilient or neoprene pads and their routes.
transit provider(s) is necessary in developing the plans.
and all incidental materials and labor required to complete 2. Installing fencing or railings are two ways to shield the
installation of the Guardrail. drop-offs. Fencing is generally intended for rural areas
along paths and trails. Standard railing is generally
3.11 Drop-Off Hazards for Pedestrians and intended for urbanized areas, locations attaching to
bridge rail or along concrete walkways. Railings* shown
Bicyclists on Index 300, 815, and 320 Series of the Design
Standards are appropriate for all drop-offs. Indexes 325
Drop-off hazards are defined as steep or abrupt downward and 330 of the Design Standards are appropriate where
slopes that can be perilous to pedestrians and bicyclists. The drop-offs are 0.76 m or less.
Resident Engineer (Consultant) should consider shielding any NOTE:
drop-off determined to be a hazard. Generally, pedestrians Care should be taken when using railings or fencing near
and bicyclists will be adequately protected from a drop-off intersections as they could obstruct the driver's line of sight.
hazard if a guardrail or barrier has been installed between the
path or sidewalk and the drop-off. However, circumstances 3. Along continuous sections where the drop-off varies
do exist that will ultimately dictate when a railing is needed. above and below the 0.76 m threshold for using Index
Railings or fences should be provided for vertical drop-off 325 or 330, for uniformity the engineer should consider
hazards. The horizontal clearance discussed in Section using only one of the railing types appropriate for all Figure 3.13: Pedestrian/Shared Use Path Bridge Typical
drop-offs (Index 300 or 315, 320 Series). Section
3.5.6.1.4 should be maintained where practical when railings
or fences are used for drop-offs along shared-use paths. 4. The height of railings for bicyclists are generally the same
The following guidelines will be useful in standardizing the as the minimum pedestrian railing height of 1.07 m,
identification and treatment of drop-off hazards for except a minimum 1.37 m railing or fence should be
pedestrians and bicyclists. considered on bridges and retaining walls for special
Index No. 300
DROP-OFF HAZARDS FOR PEDESTRIANS AND BICYCLISTS 1 of 1
CASE I Right of way • Used in areas where the width necessary to Right of way
Less than User Accommodation provide Case 1 accommodation is not User Accommodation
0.6 m Sidewalk or Path available. • Under Case 4, pedestrians and bicycle share the
• Under Case 2, pedestrians are provided with a shoulder.
A railing, fence, or other barrier sidewalk or separate path while space for • Common in rural or sparsely developed areas.
to be places within these limits bicyclists and drivers overlap somewhat. • Appropriate for area with infrequent pedestrian
F:\DATA FORUU\PICS\ped.jpg
F:\DATA FORUU\PICS\Bicycle.jpg
• Appropriate in areas with low motor vehicle and bicycle use.

in compliance with section 3. F:\DATAFOR UU\PICS\ped.jpg
F:\DATAFOR UU\PICS\Bicycle.jpg
speeds and low to moderate motor vehicle

Curb volumes
Figure 3.14 b Case 1: Separate Accommodation for all

Figure 3.14 e Case 4: Shared Bicycle/Pedestrian
Drop-off Greater Users
than 10" Accommodation
A drop-off greater than 10" that is closer than 0.6 m from the
• Used in areas where the width necessary to
pedestrians or bicyclists pathway or edge of sidewalk should be Right of way
provide Case 1 accommodation is not Right of way
considered a hazard and shielded User Accommodation
available. User Accommodation
• Under Case 2, pedestrians are provided
with a • Under Case 5, all users share the roadway.
sidewalk or separate path while space for • Appropriate where user demands and motor
Figure 3.14 a1 Case I: Drop off Hazards for Pedestrians bicyclists and drivers overlap somewhat. vehicle speeds are very low or when severe
and Bicyclists F:\DATA FORUU\PICS\ped.jpg
F:\DATA FOR UU\PICS\Bicycle.jpg
• Appropriate in areas with low motor vehicle F:\DATA FOR UU\P

ICS\ped.jp
g
constraints limits the feasibility of providing
speeds and low to moderate motor vehicle separate accommodation.
F:\DATAFOR UU\PICS\Bicycle.jpg
Curb volumes
CASE II Less than Figure 3.14 c Case 2: Partial Sharing for bicycles and
0.6 m Sidewalk or Path Motor Vehicles Figure 3.14 f Case 5: Shared Accommodation for All
Users
A railing, fence, or other barrier
to be places within these limits
Right of way
3.13 Public Transport Facilities
in compliance with section 3.
User Accommodation • Under Case 3, pedestrians remain separate but
bicycle and motor vehicle space in shared. For projects within the operational limits of a local transit
• Used in densely developed areas where
right-of-way is constrained. agency service area, consideration should be given to
Drop-off Greater
• Also applicable to most residential/local streets connectivity of pedestrian and bicycle facilities with transit
where speeds and traffic volumes are low.
than 30"
F:\DATA FOR UU\PICS\Bicycle.jpg

F:\DATA FOR UU\PICS\ped.jpg
stops.
Curb Decisions on appropriate pedestrian and bicycle facilities to
A slope steeper than 1:2 that begins closer than 0.6m from the
connect with transit service shall be determined with input
pedestrians or bicyclists pathway or edge of sidewalk should be from the CDG, PDOT, Trans port Company, or any other
considered a hazard and shielded when the total drop-off is Figure 3.14 d Case 3: Shared Bicycle/Motor Vehicle concerned department and/or agencies. Where there is a
greater than 30".
Accommodation
demand for pedestrian and bicycle facilities, there could also
Figure 3.14 a2: Case II: Drop off Hazards for be a demand for public transit or public transportation
Pedestrians and Bicyclists facilities. Public transit street side facilities should be
considered in all phases of a project, including planning,
preliminary design and engineering, design, and construction.
Coordination with the PDOT and/or the local public transit
provider(s) will help determine the need for and justification
of bus bays and transit shelters on a project by project basis.
Index No. 300
PUBLIC TRANSPORT FACILITIES 1 of 1
Multimodal system is the ultimate goal of the Urban Unit & 11. Potential patronage; Table 3.13: Advantages and Disadvantages of Far Side
PDOT. The integration of public transit street facilities along 12. Presence of bus bypass lane; Bus Stop
with pedestrian and bicycle facilities furthers the 13. Traffic control devices.
implementation of this goal. Advantages of Mid-Block Disadvantages of Mid-
Public transport should be considered in all phases of a (Transition)
Bus Stop Block Bus Stop
40’ Min. Straight
project, including planning, preliminary design and 60’ Min. After Turn
engineering, design, construction, etc. Planning and designing Requires most curb clearance
The stopped bus does not
for public transport is important because it is an integral part of the three options (unless a
obstruct sight distances at
of the overall surface transportation system. mid block sidewalk extension
an intersection;
There are a number of methods to efficiently develop a or bus bulb is built);
coordinated surface transportation system. Coordination May be closer to major
Encourages mid-block
among agencies is necessary during the planning and design activity centers than the
50’ Min. Straight
70’ Min. After Turn jaywalking;
stages to incorporate transport needs and during the nearest intersection;
construction phase for re-routing bus (and complementary May increase customer
pedestrian) movements and for actual transport agency walking distances if the trip
specific requirements (e.g., bus bays, bus shelter installations, generator is close to an
Less conflicts between
etc.). For complete design details and guidelines, refer to intersection. Length of mid-
waiting and walking
chapter 10 of PGDM. block stops can vary due to
pedestrians.
depth of a turn-out and a bus'
3.13.1 Bus Stops ability to maneuver in/out of
Determining the proper location of bus stops involves traffic lanes.
choosing among far-side, near-side, and mid-lock stops Table
3.12, 3.13, and 3.14.
The following factors should be considered when selecting
the type of bus stop:
1. Adjacent land use and activities;
2. Bus route (for example, is bus turning at the Figure 3.15: Layout of Bus Stops
intersection);
3. Bus signal priority (e.g., extended green suggests far side
placement);
4. Impact on intersection operations;
5. Intersecting transit routes;
6. Intersection geometry;
7. Parking restrictions and requirements;
8. Passenger origins and destinations;
9. Pedestrian access, including accessibility for
handicap/wheelchair patrons;
10. Physical roadside constraints (trees, poles, driveways,
etc.);
Index No. 300
Table 3.14: Advantages an d Disadvantages of Mid- Table 3.15: Advantages and Di sadvantages of Near Side and operating elements that require on-site evaluation.
Block Bus Stop Bus Stops Elements to consider in bus stop placement include the
following:
Advantages of Far Side Disadvantages of Far Side Advantages of near Side Disadvantages of near Side
1. Safety:
Bus Stop Bus Stop Bus Stop Bus Stop
a. Passenger protection from passing traffic;
The stopped bus obscures the Less potential conflict will b. Access for people with disabilities;
Potential conflicts with right c. All-weather surface to step from/to the bus;
Bus does not conflict with sight distance to the right of happen with traffic turning
turning traffic due to cars d. Proximity to passenger crosswalks and Curb ramps;
vehicles turning right; drivers entering from the onto the bus route road
cutting in front of the bus; e. Proximity to major trip generators;
cross road to the right of the from a side road;
bus; The stopped bus obscures the f. Convenient passenger transfers to routes with
If the bus stopping area is of The bus boarding door is sight distance of drivers and nearby stops;
inadequate length, the rear of close to the crosswalk; pedestrians entering from the g. Proximity of stop for the same route in the opposite
the stopped bus will block the right; direction;
Appropriate after the route h. Street lighting
cross road (especially an issue The stopped bus may block
has made a turn; Bus has intersection to
for stops where more than visibility of the stop signs or
merge into traffic; 2. Operating:
one bus may be stopped at a traffic signals;
time); Bus Driver can see a. Adequate Curb space for the number of buses expected at
The stopped bus does not oncoming buses with the stop at one time;
obscure sight distance to the transfer passengers.
At signalized intersections, b. Impact of the bus stop on adjacent properties;
left for vehicles entering or Less potential conflict will
may result in schedule delays. c. On-street automobile parking and truck delivery zones;
crossing from the side road; happen with traffic turning
d. Bus routing patterns (i.e., individual bus movements at an
At signalized intersections, If the bus stops in the travel onto the bus route road
buses can more easily re- lane, it may result in queued intersection);
from a side road;
enter traffic; traffic behind it blocking the e. Directions (i.e., one-way) and widths of intersection streets;
The stopped bus does not intersection. 3.13.1.1 Elements of Bus Stops f. Types of traffic signal controls (signal, stop, or yield);
obscure traffic control 1. Landing Area; g. Volumes and turning movements of other traffic;
devices or pedestrian 2. Pedestrian Connections; h. Width of sidewalks;
movements at the 3. Curb Ramps; i. Pedestrian activity through intersections;
intersection. 4. Signage; j. Proximity and traffic volumes of nearby driveways.
5. Safety and Security.
3.13.1.3 Bus Stop Spacing
3.13.1.2 Placement of Bus Stops
The determination of bus stop spacing is primarily based on
In selecting a site for placement of a bus stop, the need for goals that are frequently subdivided by development type,
future passenger amenities are an important consideration. If such as residential area, commercial, and/or a central
possible, the bus stop should be located in an area where business district (CBD). Another generally accepted
typical improvements, such as a bench or a passenger shelter, procedure is placing stops at major trip generators.
can be accommodated in the public right-of-way. The final
decision on bus stop location is dependent on several safety
Index No. 300
3.13.1.4 Bus Bays Note: but appropriately out of the path of travel on a sidewalk.
Bus bays serve to remove the bus from the through traffic Connection between the sidewalk or passenger pad should be
1. For Each additional bus add 14 meter in Bus Bay Length provided.
lanes. Its location and design should therefore provide ready
access in the safest and most efficient manner possible. The 3.13.1.5 Bus Shelters
basic requirement is that the deceleration,
Every public transport system has different needs with
standing and acceleration of the buses be effected on
regards to shelters and corresponding amenities (e.g.,
pavement areas clear of and separated from the through
benches, information kiosks, leaning posts, etc.). Shelter
traffic lanes. The locations of bus bays are important so as
foundation and associated pad size vary from stop to stop
not to impede the normal flow of traffic.
based on right of way availability, line of sight, facility usage,
In some situations, turnout bays for transport vehicles are
etc. Where provided, new or replaced bus shelters shall be
appropriate (i.e., consistent slow boarding, layover needs,
installed or positioned as to permit a wheelchair or mobility
safety reasons, high speed traffic, etc.). Bus bays can be
aid user to enter from the public way and to reach a location
designed for one or more buses. When possible, bus bays
therein having a minimum clear floor area of 0.762 m (30 in)
should be located on the far side of a signalized intersection.
by 1.22 m (48 in), entirely within the perimeter of the shelter.
The traffic signal will create the critical gap needed for bus
re-entry into traffic.
ENTRANCE TAPER
(a) LENGTH (b) EXIT TAPER (c )
Figure 3.16: Bus Bay Design Layout Plans for Urban

Roads
Table 3.16: Bus Bays Dimensions for Urban Roads
Single Bus Dual Buses

Road
Classification
a b c d a b c d
Figure 3.18: Layout of Passenger Benches on Roadways
Local road 15 14 20 3.3 15 28 20 3.3
3.14 Speed Humps
m m m m m m m m
Speed Humps are parabolic, curved or sinusoidal in profile,
Secondary Figure 3.17: Layout of Passenger Bus Shelters for Urban 3 to 4 inches in height and 3.0 m to 4.2 m long, Comfortable
20 15 20 3.65 20 30 20 3.65 Roads
and Primary speeds limited from 20Kph to 25 Kph. See Details in
m m m m m m m m
Roads 3.13.1.6 Benches Chapter # 9 "Traffic Calming".
Bench placement should be in an accessible location (i.e., not
on the far side of a drainage ditch from the actual bus stop),
Index No. 300
SPEED HUMPS 1 of 1
Final Lift
First Lift
1" 2" 3" Tack Coat
1"
1'-66"
3' Existing Pavement Surface
6'
12'
Final Lift
First Lift
(a) Marking for On-Road
O Para llel Parking
1"" 2" 3
3" Tack Coat
1"
1'-6"
3' Existing Pavement Surface
6' 10'
22'
1. H
HOT MIXED, HOT LAID ASPHALT CONCRE ETE,
2. H
HOT MIXED, HOT LAID ASPHALT CONCR E
ETE,
3. T
TACK COAT, BITUMINOUS. MATERIAL * MINIMUM
M
COOLING TEMPERATURE FOR ITEM 2 SHA
C ALL BE <150 DEG,
F BEFORE THE ITEM 1 COURSE CAN BE APPLIED
P
Fig ure
u 3.19 c: Crosss sectional Details
D of Speeed Humps
3.15 On-Street
O Parking
When on-street
o parkking is to be an
n element of design,
d paralleel (b) Marking
M for O n-Road
n 90 De gree Parking
Figuree 3.19 (a): Speeed Humps
parkingg should be considered.
c Un nder certain circumstances
c s,
angle parking
p is an alllowable formm of street parkking. The typee
of on-sstreet parkingg selected should depend on o the specificc
functio
on and width of o the street, the
t adjacent laand use, trafficc
volumee, as well as exxisting and antticipated traffiic operations.
It can generally be stated that on-street

o parkking decreases
through h capacity, im
mpedes trafficc flow, and i ncreases
n crash
h
potentiial. However, where parkin ng is needed, and adequatee (c) Mark
king for On-Ro
oad 45 and 6 0 Degree Park
k ing
off-streeet parking faacilities are no
ot available orr feasible, on
n-
street parking
p may be necessary.
Maneuveri ng Space
OTE:
NO
1. Minimum Maaneuvering Sp
pace = 1.5 m
Figure 3.20: On Streeet Parking Layout

L
Figure 3.19b : Speeed Humps Before Hospittal, School
orr Commerciaal Areas
Index No. 300
ON-STREET PARKING 1 of 1
Table 3.17: Pavement Marking for On-Road Parking vehicle. The barrier should be located outside the normal the hazard must be determined on an installation by
shoulder width. The location and orientation of the barrier installation basis as indicated in the Design Standards.
Stall Curb Stall Stall should also be selected to minimize the angle of impact and The following conditions within the clear zone are normally
Degree of Width Length Depth Length the resulting vehicle deceleration. The recommended barriers considered more hazardous than a roadside barrier:
Angle in the following sections are intended as general guidelines 1. Fill slopes steeper than 1:3.
A (m) B (m) C (m) D (m) only. As new types of barriers are developed and tested 2. Bridge piers, abutments and railing ends.
0 2.43 – 2.60 7.00 – 7.34 -- -- successfully, they may be incorporated into roadside design. 3. Non-traversable culverts, pipes and headwalls.
45 2.43 - 2.75 3.44 - 3.90 5.10 - 6.05 4.78 - 5.80 They should, however, conform to the requirements 4. Non-traversable parallel or perpendicular ditches and
60 2.43 - 2.75 2.81 - 3.20 5.40 - 6.40 4.83 - 5.80 previously established and in use. canals.
90 2.43 - 2.75 - 5.50 – 5.78 - 5. Bodies of water other than parallel ditches and canals that
3.16.2.2 Rigid Barrier the engineer determines to be hazardous.
Rigid barriers are generally less effective in controlling lateral 6. Parallel retaining walls with protrusions or other potential
3.16 Facilities for Roadway Safety vehicle deceleration at locations subject to high-angle snagging features.
impacts. The use of this barrier is recommended for bridge 7. Retaining walls at an approach angle with the edge of
3.16.1 Road Safety railings and for use at retaining walls or other rigid hazards pavement larger than 7 degrees (1:8).
where space limitations are severe. 8. Non-breakaway sign or luminaries' supports.
Road safety has been a much neglected area in the design of
9. Trees greater than 4 inches in diameter measured 6 inches
roads. With an increasing number of accidents each year,
3.16.2.3 Flexible Barrier above the ground at maturity.
attention to road safety should be emphasized. While the
10. Utility poles.
road element is only one of the three groups of influences Barriers which yield somewhat on impact are often more
11. Rigid protrusions above the ground in excess of 4 inches
causing accidents, it is never the less responsibility of the useful in limiting the rate of vehicle deceleration. Special care
in height.
designer to provide a safer road environment. should be exercised to ensure they are structurally adequate
In addition to the above hazards, there may be other
and they maintain a smooth continuous surface. This type of
situations that warrant barrier consideration, such as nearby
3.16.2 Traffic Barriers barrier can be expected to deflect 0.6 – 1.22 m (2 - 4 ft)
pedestrian or bicycle facilities, schools, residences or
Traffic barriers are used to prevent vehicles that leave the under impact. The post spacing may be increased when a
businesses.
traveled way from hitting an object that has greater crash stiffer rail is utilized. The weak post barrier and the cable
severity potential than the barrier itself. Because barriers are a barrier can be expected to deflect 2.44 – 3.65 m (8 - 12 ft) or 3.16.3.2 Barrier Selection
source of crash potential themselves, their use should be more and should be limited to locations with adequate clear
Acceptable standard roadside barriers are detailed in the
carefully considered. space.
Design Standards. They include:
1. Blocked-out W-beam (strong post).
3.16.2.1 Barrier Types 3.16.3 Roadside Barriers 2. Blocked-out thrie-beam (strong post).
Barriers may be generally classified as rigid or flexible. 3. Modified thrie-beam (strong post).
3.16.3.1 Warrants 4. Concrete barrier wall.
Redirection devices are longitudinal barriers (rigid or flexible)
such as guardrails, median barriers, and bridge railings placed Roadside barriers are warranted when hazards exist within Most guardrail installations will be blocked-out W-beam on
parallel to the road to contain and redirect out-of-control the clear zone, hazards cannot be cost effectively eliminated wood or steel posts. The thrie-beam guardrail should be
vehicles. The primary function of a longitudinal barrier is to or corrected, and collisions with the hazards will be more considered when additional rail depth is needed because of a
redirect an errant vehicle away from hazardous roadside serious than collisions with the barriers. The length of potential to under-ride the rail or because additional height
situations. The barrier should be designed to produce a advancement and length of need necessary to properly shield may be needed. Other barrier designs may be required by
minimum of deceleration (lateral and longitudinal) to a
Index No. 300
FACILITIES FOR ROADWAY SAFETY 1 of 1
specific site conditions. These must be called for and detailed 4. Length of advancement of the roadway. The application of these guidelines for use
on a project-by-project basis. 5. Length of need on Punjab roadways is contained in the design chart shown
The standard offset is the shoulder width plus 0.6 m, not to in Figure 3.21.
3.16.3.3 End Treatments As shown in the design chart, there is a region between 0 and
exceed 3.6 m A 0.6 m distance from the back of the barrier
2.5 m behind the face of the curb where guardrail should not
Longitudinal barrier ends which are not crashworthy can posts to the shoulder line or slope break is desirable for post be located. For the general case of vehicles leaving the
present serious hazards if they terminate within the clear support. The length of advancement is dependent on the roadway with a broad range of speeds and angles, the
zone. Other end treatments may be required under special design speed, the offset distance to the face of guardrail and bumper is likely to be too high for acceptable guardrail
circumstances. Special details will be required in the plans, the lesser distance (a) to the back of the hazard or (b) to the performance in this region. In addition, higher speeds create
when this is the case. clear zone needed. The designer must establish this more suspension system disturbance and; therefore, require
1. The end offset should be measured off a projection of the advancement need for all installations on the project. On all more time and distance for the bumper to return to the
correct position. Barriers should not be placed on slopes
face of guardrail alignment. The maximum allowable facilities the guardrail needs must consider traffic from both
steeper than 1:10. This is particularly important for barrier
cross slope in front of the rail is 1:10, including the area in directions. ends shielded by crashworthy devices.
front of and the upstream approach A barrier should not be located so close to the hazard that it
to the end anchorage assembly. is shielding that the hazard is within the dynamic deflection
2. Non-crashworthy end treatments will be used outside the distance of the barrier. The dynamic deflection of standard
clear zone, and at downstream terminations, which are barriers is shown in Table 3.18. 90
outside the clear zone of the opposing traffic flow. The
Type II end anchorage is non-crashworthy and, therefore, Table 3.18: Minimum Offset of Barriers Standard Guardrail
Operation Speed (kph)

80 with Type 'E' Curb
may NOT be used as an approach terminal end treatment (Measured from the face of the barrier) Curb-Guardrail
Combinations
Standard Guardrail
with Type 'E' Curb
Not Accpetable
unless other end shielding is provided. Barrier Type Offset (m)

70
W-Beam with Post Spacing @ 6'-3" 1.20
3. Thrie-beam and concrete barrier wall will be terminated as
W-Beam with Post Spacing @ 3'-1½" 0.90
shown in the Design Standards. 60 Standard Guardrail
with Type 'E' or Type 'F'
Standard Guardrail
with Type 'E' or Type 'F'
Thrie-Beam with Post Spacing @ 6'-3" 1.00 Curb Curb
3.16.3.4 Transitions Thrie-Beam with Post Spacing @ 3'-1½" 0.80 55

Whenever standard W-beam or thrie-beam guardrail Barrier Wall 0
0 2.5 4
transitions into bridge rail or concrete barrier wall, a Double W-Beams (Nested) with Post Spacing @ 3'-1½" 0.80 Offset Distance from curb face (m)
transition section is necessary. Transitions must include
Double W-Beams (Nested) with Post Spacing @ 1'-6¾" 0.70
sound structural connections, nested beams and additional Figure 3.21: Placement of Curb-Guardrail Combinations
posts for increased stiffness, as shown in the Design Double Thrie-Beams (Nested) with Post Spacing @ 3'-1½” 0.70
Standards. Standard flares should be introduced upstream of Double Thrie-Beams (Nested) with Post Spacing @ 1'-6¾ " 0.60 3.16.3.6 Upgrading Existing Barrier Systems
the transition section. Care must be taken in the details of the Deficient roadside barriers are generally upgraded in
junction of the two barrier types to avoid snag points. conjunction with other roadway work, such as RRR projects,
* Except where specifically provided for in the Design
Standards, hazards that extend above the top of a barrier wall or through spot or system wide safety improvement projects.
3.16.3.5 Placement
shall be offset a minimum 0.45 m from the face of the top In each case the designer must determine the scope and
The primary design factors associated with guardrail edge of F-shape barrier, and a minimum 0.6 m from the face extent of the barrier upgrading to be accomplished. In
placement are: of vertical shape barrier. making this determination, the existing installation should be
1. Lateral offset from the edge of pavement NCHRP Report 537 titled “Recommended Guidelines for
investigated for what work is necessary to make the
2. Terrain effects Curb and Curb-Barrier Installations” provides acceptable
placement of curb-guardrail combinations as a function of installation structurally and functionally adequate.
3. Flare rate The investigation should consider:
the lateral offset from the guardrail and the operating speed
Index No. 300
1. Whether there is a need for the barrier. If cost 3.16.3.7 Median Barriers 4. Expected frequency of collisions.
effective, the hazard should be removed, relocated, 5. Maintenance characteristics.
• Warrants
or redesigned and the barrier removed. Site characteristics and economics dictate the crash cushion
2. Length of need. A median barrier shall be provided on national roads and selection. Sand barrels are relatively low in initial cost, but
3. Proper rail height. expressway facilities where reconstruction reduces the usually must be completely replaced when struck, so are
4. Proper flare rate. median width to less than the standard for the facility. No more appropriate in locations with a low likelihood of
5. Adequate offset at terminal end. variations or exceptions to this criterion will be approved. collision. There are a number of other systems that have
6. Proper deflection distance between the barrier and
On national roads and expressway projects, crashes that higher initial costs but can be repaired after collisions
the shielded object.
7. Proper placement with respect to traffic lane. occurred in the most recent 5-year period within the limits of relatively quickly and inexpensively, so are more appropriate
8. Proper placement with respect to curb. 1.6 km prior to the exit ramp gore to 1.6 Km beyond the where frequent collisions are expected. The ability of
9. Placement on proper slope. entrance ramp gore shall be reviewed. If 1 or more are maintenance forces to perform routine maintenance and to
10. Adequate clear zone area behind yielding terminals. determined to be across median crashes, shielding within this place a crashed system back into service quickly should be a
11. The overall condition of the guardrail/barrier area shall be provided. major consideration. Crash cushions that require stocking
installation.
• Selection unusual and expensive parts; or that are complex to replace
12. Post type, condition and spacing.
13. Existing unshielded hazards. For spot should not be selected.
The same barrier types as discussed in Section 4.3.2 are
improvements, only those existing unshielded available as median barriers. In general, the concrete barrier
hazards in the immediate vicinity of the installation • Design
wall is preferable in narrow medians. Where deflection space
being addressed should be reviewed. For RRR Standard details of systems listed on the Qualified Product
projects, all existing roadside hazards within the is adequate, either a double face guardrail or single face
List (QPL) for typical installations shielding guardrail ends
project corridor should be reviewed for treatment guardrail on each side may be used.
and barrier wall ends can be found in the Design Standards
needs.
14. In some cases the deficiencies will be so obvious that • Crash Cushions and approved QPL drawings. In addition, some of these
the best course of action is readily apparent. systems have standard details for shielding wide hazards. For
Crash cushions are attenuating devices that may be non-
However, many times the deficiencies may be non standard applications, crash cushion suppliers normally
marginal and a decision on the scope and extent of redirective or redirective.
provide design assistance for their systems. Special designs
the barrier upgrading will be based on engineering • Warrants should be based on providing performance meeting crash
judgment. Factors which should be considered are: test criteria for the established design speed of the facility.
a. Nature and extent of barrier deficiency. Hazards within the clear zone, that present a more serious
b. Past crash history. collision potential than a crash cushion, warrant the For special designed inertial systems where the AASHTO
c. Cost effectiveness of recommended installation of a crash cushion. Roadside Design Guide charts are used, the maximum
improvement. average deceleration level should not exceed approximately 7
• Selection
d. Whether future scheduled reconstruction or g's. All terrain within the likely approach of a vehicle should
RRR work in the 5 year work program will Each system has its own unique physical and functional be relatively flat. An impacting vehicle should strike the unit
address deficiency. characteristics. The designer shall indicate in the plans either at normal height, with the vehicle's suspension system neither
the specific system to be used at each location, or the options collapsed nor extended. Curbs exceeding 4 inches in height
• Resetting Guardrail that may be used when one or more crash cushion system is shall not be used in the approach area of a crash cushion.
For those projects that include the resetting of guardrail, suitable at a given location. Care must be taken that the design of a crash cushion system
refer to the Standard Specifications, the Basis of The design engineer shall consider the following factors does not create a hazard to opposing traffic. The nose of all
Estimates Handbook, and the Design Standards for when selecting a system for a particular location:
pay items, notes and quantity calculations. crash cushions shall be delineated with reflective material or
1. Site characteristics. standard object markers, as indicated in the Design
2. Structural and safety characteristics of candidate systems. Standards.
3. Initial and replacement/repair costs.
Index No. 300
Figure 3.22: General Layout for Road Safety Barrier (Guardrails)
Figure 3.23: Safety Barriers for Divided and Undivided Roadways (Guardrails)
Index No. 300
ROADWAY SAFETY BARRIERS (GUARDRAILS) 1 of 1
Figure 3.24: Roadway Safety Barriers and Posts
Index No. 300
ROADWAY SAFETY BARRIERS 1 of 1
Index No. 300
SELECTION, LAYING PROCESS OF ROADSIDE BARRIERS 1 of 1
3.17 Traaffic Facilitiees For dessign, location and other infformation on traffic contro
ol 3.18.1.2 Hydran
nt Installatio
on
Traffic control devices are signs, sign
nals, pavemennt markings, devicess refer to Punjab
P Trafficc and Transsport Manuall, Hyd drant installatio on details neeed to be coorddinated amongg all
speed bummps and otherr devices placced along road ds to move (Volum
me 1) “Sign, Signals and Pavement
P Maarkings”, Pagee partiies involved at a the construcction site. If hydrants
h are beeing
vehicles an
nd pedestrianns safely and efficiently.
e Th
hese devices No. 2, Chapter No. 1.1 instaalled in areaas to be lan ndscaped or if final grad ding
are placed
d in key locatio
ons to guide trraffic movemeent, control elevaations are not clear, the hyydrant design n that is spec ified
i
vehicle speeds and warn n of potentiallly hazardous conditions. 3.18 Other
O Faccilities shouuld easily acco ommodate plaacement of riser extensions of
They alsoo provide imp portant informmation to driivers about varioous lengths so that the final hydran nt installation n is
detours an
nd traffic delayys. commpatible with the final grade g elevatio
on. Coordinattion
3.18.1 Fire Hydraant
shouuld be made with w utility com mpanies in ord der to ensure that
3.17.1 Functions
F off Traffic Con
ntrol Devicees A fire hydrant also known colloquially as a fire f plug is an n
utilitty poles, vaultts and cabinetts will not inteerfere with acccess
active fire protectiion measure, and a souurce of water
The main n purpose of a traffic conttrol device is to provide to fiire hydrants or o impede the operation off the hydrants.. As
provideed in urban areas with municipal
m watter service to
o
informatioon to driverss so they can n operate theeir vehicles a gen neral rule, no equipment orr facilities sho ould be within 1m
enable firefighters to
o tap into thee municipal water
w supply to
o
safely alon
ng a road. Thee five basic crriteria of a traaffic control (3 ft)
f of the hyd drant body nor be placed in front of any
n extinguishin
assist in ng a fire. Buiildings near a hydrant mayy
device are to: hydrrant outlet, nor be placed between the hydrant and the
qualify for an insuraance discount since firefighters should bee
roadd. Those perrsons who arre landscapin ng near hydraants
able to more rapidly extinguish a fire
f on the insuured propertyy.
1. Fulfilll a Need; shouuld be appriseed of these conditions
c as walls, plants and
2. Comm mand Attentio on; otheer landscape materials
m mustt be kept outsside the hydraant's
3. Conveey a Clear, Sim
mple meaning;; clearrance space. The T center off a hose outlett shall be not less
thann 18 in. (457 mm) m above fin nal grade, or when
w located in a
4. Comm mand Respect from Road Users;
U
hosee house, 12 in n. (305 mm) above
a the floo
or. Hydrants shall
s
5. Give Adequate
A Tim
me for Respon
nse.
be protected
p if suubject to mech hanical damagge. The means of
Signs, siggnals, pavemeent markings,, cones, barrricades and prottection shall be arranged in a manneer that will not
warning ligghts are desiggned with dediicated colors, shapes and interrfere with thee connection to, or operattion of, hydraants.
sizes baseed on the diffferent functions they pro ovide. They Hyd drants shall bee placed a min nimum of 40 ft (12.2 m) frrom
regulate, guide
g and warrn vehicle andd pedestrian trraffic about the buildings
b prottected. For exxception when n hydrants can nnot
road cond ditions. Uniforrmity of design
g (color, shap pe, size and be placed
p at this distance, locaations less thaan 40 ft (12.22 m)
location) helps
h drivers to
t quickly undderstand the messages
m of fromm the buildingg or wall hyd rants shall bee permitted to o be
traffic conntrol devices. Consistency is importantt for driver usedd.
Fig
gure 3.25: Layyout of Fire Hydrant
H for Roadways
R
respect, reecognition andd proper reacttion to the devvices.
3.18.1.11 Standard Hydrant Spaacing 3.188.2 Solid Waste
W Manag
gement (SW
WM) Contain
ner
3.17.2 Characteristi
C ics of Uniforrm Traffic Control
C Standarrd practice in nvolving hydrrant placemen nt is to installl Solidd Waste Manaagement conttainer is a wasste type contaainer
hydrantts every 150 m (500 ft). Fo or practical ap
pplication, this that includes prredominantly household waste (domeestic
D
Devices
standarrd is a guideliine and minorr deviations ini this spacingg wastte) with sometimes the ad ddition of co ommercial waastes
1. Color; colleected by a muunicipality witthin a given area
a which are in
may bee appropriate. When determ mining locationns to place firee
2. Nightttime visibility; eitheer solid or sem
misolid form and
a generally exclude
e industrial
hydrantts, considera tion should be given to o accessibilityy,
3. Daytimme visibility; hazaardous wastes.
obstrucctions, proxim mity to strucctures proteccted, drivewayy
4. Shapee and size;
entrancces and otherr circumstances where adjuustments to a
5. Locatiion.
specificc hydrant's loccation would be
b warranted.
Index No. 300
OTHER FACILITIES 1 of 3
3.18.2.1 Options for Selection of Containers
C T
Table 3.19: Tyypical Dimen
nsions of Soliid Waste 3. Improve the mutual
m view of
o motorists an nd pedestrians;
Contain
ner 4. Eliminate "bllind" spots pecculiar to nightt driving;
There aree varieties of containers, which
w can be placed on
5. Provide a cllear view of the general situation durring
urban roaad for the colllection of garrbage. The management
m police, emergency, main ntenance, an nd constructtion
Length m Width Height m
agency maay consider onne or more op ptions for the selection
s of Description operations;
(ft) m (ft) (ft)
waste conntainer. Depennding on the quantities
q of waste
w likely 6. Provide assisttance in road delineation, particularly
p in the
to be dep posited at th
he temporaryy waste storaage depots, presence off confusing background d lighting (i.e.,(
Soliid Waste 1.8 m
provide onne or more laarge metallic containers
c (3 to
t 12 cubic 3.4 m (11 ft)
f 1.5 m (5 ftt) surrounding road and oth her area lightiing confuses the
Co
ontainer (6 ft) driver on an unlighted
u roadd);
meters). In
I areas wheere placementt of large co ontainers is
7. Eliminate glaare that is disccomforting orr disabling to the
inconvenieent on accounnt of congestion
o on narrow roads, etc.,
3.18.3 Roadway Lighting
L driver;
one or mo ore small conttainers of 0.5 to 1.00 cubicc meter size 8. Avoid abruptt changes in ligght intensity;
should be placed. The maajor reason fo or lighting roaads is to imprrove safety fo r 9. Provide main ntenance capab ocedures that will
bilities and pro
vehicullar and pedeestrian trafficc. Improvem ents in sigh ht minimize hazzards to motorrists;
3.18.2.2 Spacing for Solid
S Waste Managemen
M nt distance and reductioon of confusio on and distracction for nigh
ht 10. Avoid the in ntroduction ofo roadside hazards
h resullting
time drriving can reduce the hazarrd potential on n roads. Theree from impropeer placement of o light poles.
Containers
is eviddence indicating that road d lighting willl produce an n
The distannce between two t containerrs should, theerefore, not increase in road cap pacity as well as improve the t economicc, 3.18.3.2 Level of
o Luminancee
exceed 500 meters. Thee distance bettween the con ntainers can safety, and aesthetic characteristicss of roads. The primary aim m of the desiigner should be to provid de a
be determmined on the basis
b of the loaad of garbage//refuse that unifform and con nstant level off luminance in
n all locationss of
is likely to
t be received at the co ontainer fromm the area Experieence and tecchnical impro ovements havve resulted in n simiilar function, the levels pro
ovided, changging accordingg to
concerned d. The contaainers should be placed on o cement improvved design off lighting forr roads. Pho otometric dataa the requirements
r of the functio
on.
concrete or
o asphalt flooring having a gradual slope towards providee a basis for caalculation of the
t illuminatio
on at any poin nt
the roads to keep the site clean. In n highly conggested areas for vaarious combiinations of selected lum minaries typess, On the major roaad networks within
w the urbban area (primmary
where it iss difficult to place
p containeers or send ouut a vehicle heightss, and locatio ons. The dessign of lightinng form new w and secondary roaads) the aim should
s be to provide
p a leveel of
to collectt waste from m such contaainers, the management
m roads, as well as imp provements ono existing facilities, should
d disceernment suffi
ficient to con
ntrast between n the object and
agency maay press into service
s small waste collectiion vehicles be accompanied byy careful consideration off the variable s carriiage way are adequate to permit
p safe driving
d at, sayy 50
for direct transfer of waste
w from thee hand cart/trricycles into involveed in driver behavior and a problemss peculiar to o km//hr without thhe use of head
dlights.
such veh hicles. Solid waste managgement conttainer used particullar locations.
commonlyy by the so olid waste management
m a
agencies is On the minor roaads, those low wer in the hierrarchy, where the
displayed along
a with dimmension below w. 3.18.3.11 Objectivees of Roadwaay/Street Lig
ghting needds of the pedeestrians ratherr than motorisst prevail, the aim
shouuld be to provide adequuately visibilitty for motorrists
The obbjective for prroviding road lighting is thee reduction of traveeling at slowerr speeds.
particullar hazards co
onfronting motorists and pedestrians
p onn
the roaad. The achievvement of this objective wiill be aided byy To minimize thee effect of gllare and to provide
p the most
m
meetingg these specifi
fic objectives: econnomical lightiing installation
n, luminaries are mounted d at
heigghts of at leasst 7.5 m – 155 m [24.6 – 49.2
4 ft]. Ligh
hting
1. Proovide the drivver with an im
mproved view of the generaal unifformity is improved with hiigher mountin ng heights, and d in
roaad geometry and the adjacen nt environmen
nt; mosst cases, moun nting heights of
o 10 to 15 m [35 to 50 ft] are
2. Inccrease the sight distancee of drivers to improvee usuaally preferablee. High mast lighting, speccial luminariess on
Fig
gure 3.26: Tyypical Solid Waste Contaiiner response to hazaards and decision points; masts of 25 m - 30 3 m [82 -1000 ft], is used to light large road
r
Index No. 300
areas. This lighting furnishes a uniform light distribution over
the whole area and may provide alignment guidance.
However, it also has a disadvantage in that the visual impact
on the surrounding community from scattered light is
increased. Luminaries support (poles) should be placed
outside the roadside clear zones whenever practical. On a
divided road, luminaries support may be located either in the
median or on the edge of the road. Where luminary supports
are located on the both side of the road, the light source is
usually closer to the more heavily used traffic lanes.
However, with median installation, the cost is generally lower
28-30m 7.5-15m
and illumination is greater on the high-speed lanes. For 1.2-2.0m
median installations, dual-mast arms should be used, for
which 12 to 15 m [40 to 50 ft] mounting heights are favored.
These should be protected with a suitable longitudinal
barrier. On narrow medians, it is usually preferable to place
the luminary supports so they are integral with the median
barrier.
Figure 3.27: Layout of Road Lights
Index No. 300
Figure 3.28: Roadway Lighting Details
20
Index No. 300
ROADWAY LIGHTING DETAILS 3 of 3
3.19 Landscape e. promotes water conservation The maintenance plan must also include performance
f. minimizes impacts to natural areas requirements necessary to maintain and manage the
g. minimizes soil erosion following:
3.19.1 General
h. avoids conflicts with existing and proposed above
"Landscape" or "Landscaping" means any vegetation, 1. Sight distance
and below ground utilities
mulches, irrigation systems, and any site amenities, such as, 2. Horizontal and vertical clearance
street furniture, specialty paving, tree grates, walls, planters, 3. Accessibility,
9. Reclaimed water for irrigation.
fountains, fences, and lighting (excluding public utility street 4. Plant health, form, height and spread
10. Recycled and recyclable materials.
and area lighting). Community Identification Structures are 5. Turf (mowing)
also considered landscape site amenities and are discussed in 6. Mulch thickness and cover
The Landscape should be designed to permit sufficiently
Section 3.19.4. 7. Edges
wide, clear, and safe pedestrian walkways, bicycle ways, and
transit waiting areas. Care should be exercised to ensure that 8. Weeds and litter
Landscape plans should be designed to complement and
requirements for sight distances and clearance to 9. Irrigation system(s)
enhance the natural and manmade environment. This may
obstructions are observed, especially at intersections. 10. Erosion control
include irrigation systems and site amenities such as street
11. Irrigation
furniture and specialty pavement, tree grates, walls, planters,
Landscape plans must be designed, constructed and 12. Landscape, lighting, benches, and site amenities other
fountains, fences, and lights.
maintained in conformity with the PTTM and this manual. requirements necessary for the design intent to be
To the extent practical, plans should consider the following fulfilled.
3.19.2 Maintenance Plan
elements:
A performance based maintenance plan for all proposed When necessary, the maintenance plan must include a
1. Conservation of natural roadside growth (vegetation) and landscape improvements must accompany the landscape temporary traffic control plan.
scenery. plans. This may be on separate plan sheets or written
2. Relocation of existing vegetation. documents. This maintenance plan will not be part of the When the landscape project is to be maintained, a
3. Selective clearing and thinning of existing vegetation. construction contract documents, and does not affect the maintenance cost estimate based on anticipated maintenance
4. Natural regeneration and succession of native plants. contractor’s responsibility for plant establishment during the activities must be attached to the plans.
5. Plants purchased from approved nurseries. warranty period. The maintenance plan is intended to make
sure that the landscape architect and the agency responsible For Landscape Plan contents refer to Section 3.20 below
6. Large plants (plants equivalent or larger than those
grown in 5 gallon containers) with combined value of for maintenance understand what resources and practices will
3.19.3 Cost Estimate
50% or more of the estimated value of all plants be necessary to maintain the landscape in a safe and vigorous
A cost estimate for all proposed landscaping must
specified in the plans. condition that meets the project objectives many years after
accompany the landscape plans. This must be on separate
7. Native plants with known provenance (original source of construction is completed. The intent of design elements,
plan sheets or written documents. This cost estimate will not
plants stock) to be as close to planting site as possible. such as to screen a view, main tain a clear sight distance, or
be part of the construction contract documents. The cost
8. Plant selection and placement that: assist with water retention, must be included in a description
estimate is intended solely for use by the PCGA.
of the project, accompanied by a written or graphic guide
a. Improves safety (e.g., reducing headlight glare, describing the performance requirements of the maintaining The cost estimate must break out the total cost for large
reducing worker exposure, discouraging midblock agency. The maintenance plan shall define the limits of the plants and total cost for small plants as defined in Section
pedestrian crossing, etc.) maintenance activities that will be performed. 3.20 below. The totals must include all incidental costs
b. preserves visibility of signage associated with the landscape plans.
c. minimizes roadside maintenance requirements
d. reduces storm water runoff volume and velocity
Index No. 300
LANDSCAPE 3 of 3
3.19.4 Community Structures 3. Structures shall not be placed in the median regardless of A complete set of landscape plans shall include the following:
Community Structures are designed and placed on the median width.
1. Key Sheet
highway right of way for the sole purpose of representing,
4. The object’s highest point must not be greater in 2. Tabulation of Quantities and Plant Schedule
reflecting, or recognizing nearby community cultural and/or
natural values and resources, or to enhance the sense of place elevation than 14 feet (4.3 m) above the nearest point of 3. Tabulation of Quantities and Schedule for Irrigation and
the roadway. Site Amenities
through which a highway passes.
4. Plan Sheets
5. The structures must not contain any messages (alpha- 5. Details Sheet
The following criteria do not apply to Place Name Signs or
numeric characters), signs, other traffic control features, 6. Other relevant plan sheets as outlined in this chapter
Customized Place Name Signs.
auditory devices, flashing lights, or moving illumination,
A proposed Community Structure located on the national 3.20.2 Key Sheet
6. Only one structure is allowed per mainline interchange
highways must be approved by the NHA. A proposed The key sheet is the first sheet in the component plans set
approach; thus, pick one site from amongst the ramp and
Community Structure located on the Punjab Highway System and shall be prepared as described in Chapter 1. The location
the mainline, along the outside of a ramp, or the area
but not on the national highways can be approved by the map, length of project box and contract plans set
inside a loop ramp.
Chief Engineer without further approvals if consistent with information are not required if shown on the lead key sheet.
the established criteria. 7. The structure must meet all applicable building codes The index of landscape plans shall be shown on the Right of
and design criteria for similar structures or landscapes the sheet. Other data, including name, consultant contract
Approval by the PCGA is required when any of the
placed adjacent to the highway’s right of way, including number, vendor number, and certificate of authorization
Community Structure criteria in Section 3.19.4.1 cannot be
wind loading commensurate with highway signs in the number of the firm (when plans are prepared by a
met.
area. consultant) shall be shown as described in Chapter 1.
3.19.4.1 Design Criteria
The design of a Community Structure must meet the
8. The structures/features must meet all environmental 3.20.3 Tabulation of Quantities and Schedule
regulations.
following: 3.20.3.1 Tabulation of Quantities and Plant Schedule
1. The structures/features site plan should be laid out so as 9. The structure must not obstruct any signs or interfere The tabulation of quantities and plant schedule sheet or a
with any sight triangle or view Zone. similar sheet should be utilized to tabulate the materials
to strongly discourage drivers from stopping to take
pictures, or otherwise create an unsafe situation by required for the construction of the landscaping and provide
3.20 Landscape Plans the description, size and quantity of materials in a tabular
stopping on the shoulder.
format. The tabulation of quantities and plant schedule sheet
2. The location must be as far outside the appropriate clear 3.20.1 General is required to conform to the format of Appendix B and
zones as practical. Placement on Interstate routes should Projects with minor landscaping may include these features shall be prepared separately from the tabulation of quantities
be well outside the minimum clear zone, a minimum of on separate sheets in the roadway plans set or features may for irrigation and site amenities.
15 m, 30 m preferred, from edge of the travel lane or be detailed on roadway plans sheets.
ramp, whether guardrail is present or not. The 15 m (50 3.20.3.2 Tabulation of Quantities and Schedule for
When prepared as component plans they shall be assembled Irrigation and Site Amenities
feet) minimum/30 m (100 feet) preferred lateral as a separate plans set complete with a key sheet, tabulation
placement will help to minimize driver distraction, and The tabulation of quantities and schedule for irrigation and
of quantities, schedule, and all other relevant landscape site amenities shall utilize the standard tabulation of
reduce the likelihood that vertical structures will become sheets. When prepared as component plans, the sheets shall
storm debris blown across the roadway. quantities sheet and provide the additional information given
be numbered consecutively with the sheet numbers prefixed in the example in Table 3.20.
by the letters “LD”.
Index No. 300
LANDSCAPE PLANS 1 of 2
Table 3.21: Example Tabulat ion of Quantities and sheets may be prepared at a larger scale than the planting Site amenities, such as street furniture, decorative paving,
Schedule for Irrigation and Site Amenities plan sheets. Clarity and legibility shall be preserved in all fences, and lighting (excluding public utility street and area
cases. lighting) shall be included on the planting plan sheets with
Symbol Quantity Unit Description / Remarks
appropriate annotation.
A north arrow and scale shall be shown, as applicable, at a
LP 5000 LF ½” PVC Sch 40 (or C-160)
point of maximum visibility on the sheet. If two plans are Irrigation plan sheets shall be prepared using the planting
zone / lateral pipe &
appropriate fittings "stacked" on one sheet, each plan portion shall contain a plan sheets (devoid of unnecessary text and labeling) and
PR 100 EA 6” pop-up rotor, nozzle, riser north arrow and scale. shall contain information pertaining to the irrigation system.
& appropriate fittings Information on the sheet shall include the approximate
CM 1 EA Control module, latching 3.20.5.2 Requirements for Plan Sheets location of spray heads and rotors, valves, mainlines, lateral
solenoid, run shut-off device The base information required is as follows: lines, sleeves, controllers, water sources / point of
& appropriate fittings connection, backflow preventers, and isolation valves.
ABB 5 EA Arcata, backless bench, 1. Project centerline
PolySite recycled plastic, 2. Edge of pavement (edge of traffic lanes) 3.20.6 Details Sheet
Powder coat ‘Frost’ 3. Curbs or curb and gutter
This sheet shall show all landscape details, landscape details
WCB 10 EA Wausau Conical Bollard 4. Drainage systems
TF6071, B1 finish and irrigation details, which are applicable to the project and
5. Guardrails
not addressed in the Design Standards. The details sheet
6. Right of way and/or limited access fence line
shall include a legend clearly depicting the symbology used in
3.20.4 General Notes 7. Sidewalks or other planned or existing structures
the irrigation plan sheets and an associative description for
8. Lighting, signs and signal poles
General notes pertaining to landscape plans may be shown each entry. Additional information such as the nozzle
9. Intersections and driveways which are noted in the plans
on a separate plan format sheet. This sheet shall be placed schedule and irrigation zone / lateral schedule can be
10. Existing and proposed overhead and underground utility included on these sheets.
behind the tabulation of quantities in the plans assembly.
locations
3.20.5 Plan Sheets 11. Clear Zone/Horizontal clearance (should be plotted or
Plan sheets shall be prepared in a manner that is consistent safety setback distances noted frequently on each plan
with a set of construction documents rather than an sheet)
illustrative plan. Therefore plan sheets shall utilize simplified 12. View zones for permitted outdoor advertising signs
symbols depicting the location of materials in a legible 13. Canopy limits
manner. Plan sets shall employ a level of detail and clarity 14. Existing vegetation (to remain or be removed)
that allow the reviewer to assess the relationship between the 15. Existing off site features and conditions that affect or are
proposed landscape design, the roadway plans, utilities, affected by the project
outdoor advertising signs, and adjoining land use. 16. Fence and gate locations
17. Setbacks from structural elements or drainage system
3.20.5.1 Format and Scale 18. Limits of clear sight
Plan sheets shall be prepared on a standard plan sheet 19. Transit Facilities
format. The scale shall be such that all details are clear and
legible. For simple projects, or narrow sections of a project, it Planting plan sheets shall also provide at a minimum the
may be possible to "stack" two plans on one sheet, one plant symbols and the plant quantities. Additional
below the other. Stationing shall progress from left to right information such as the common name and botanical name
and shall be stacked from top to bottom. Irrigation plan of each plant may be provided.
Index No. 300
LANDSCAPE PLANS 1 of 2
Figure 3.29 a: Landscape Installation
Index No. 300
LANDSCAPE INSTALLATION 1 of 2
Figure 3.29 b: Landscape Installation
Index No. 300
Figure 3.29 c: Landscape Installation
Index No. 300
3.21 Provisions for Roadway Landscaping The sight datum line for clear sight windows is established
from the point of the driver’s eye on side road to the sight of
the driver’s eye on th e main road. The design location for the
Landscaping should be provided in keeping with the end of the datum line on the side road is 1070 mm above the
character of the road and its environment for both aesthetic pavement at the driver’s st op location 6.1 m from the
and erosion control purposes. Landscape designs should be through lane. The design location for the end of the datum
arranged to permit a sufficiently wide, clear, and safe line on the main road is 1070 mm above the pavement at the
pedestrian walkway. The needs of individuals with point being checked. A clear sight window must be
disabilities, bicyclists, and pedestrians should be considered. maintained 1500 mm above and 470 mm below the sight
Combinations of turf, shrubs, and trees should be considered datum line.
in continuous border areas along the road.
The engineering standards that have the most influenced the Figure 3.32: Cross sectional Plan for Tree Location in
Depressed Median within Clear Sight Window
road designs are horizontal clearance, sight distance and
access management. The horizontal clearance criteria for
trees are they must be located outside clear zone. On roads
with shoulders the horizontal clearance is the roadside area,
starting at the edge of the traveled way that is available for
corrective actions by errant vehicles. In road landscape
design all plantings within the horizontal clearance area must
have a trunk diameter of 100 mm or less when measured 150
mm above the ground. The horizontal clearance criterion is
based on the type of road design, the speed of the road and
the projected 20 years average daily traffic.
Figure 3.31: Cross sectional Plan for Location of Road
The standard cross section for urban roads designed to allow Clear Sight Window
the use of tress between curb and right of way line is as
follows: The maximum height of the shrubs and minimum height of
lower tree branches is based on sight datum line. All
Figure 3. 33: Cross sectional Plan for Shrubs Location in
measurements relating to clear sight window must be made Raised Median within Clear Sight Window
from sight datum line as shown in the figure below;
When tree limbs extend over separate bicycle paths they
should be at least 3 m above the bicycle path. When they
extend over designated or undesignated bicycle lanes within
road they must be 4.4 m above the road.
Figure 3.30: Plan for Location of Trees on Roadways
Index No. 300
PROVISIONS FOR ROADWAY LANDSCAPING 1 of 1
4. Rain, sun, heat and skin protection; accomplished as the first order of work, if feasible and
5. Reduced harm from tailpipe emissions; practical.
6. Gas transformation efficiency;
7. Lower urban air temperatures; 3.22.2 Clear Zone Criteria
8. Lower Ozone;
9. Convert streets, parking and walls into more aesthetically The clear zone must be wide enough so that the sum of all
pleasing environments; the recoverable terrain within is equal to or greater than the
10. Soften and screen necessary street features; recoverable terrain value obtained in the appropriate. The
11. Time in travel perception; process for determining the clear zone width is to extend the
12. Reduced road rage; clear zone width as shown in Figure 3.35 and Figure 3.36
13. Longer pavement life.
until the recoverable terrain is obtained. If non-recoverable
terrain is encountered before obtaining the full amount of
3.22 Clear Zone
recoverable terrain, then the remaining amount must be
provided beyond the non-recoverable terrain, where right of
3.22.1 Clear Zone Concept way permits, the portion of recoverable terrain provided
Figure 3.34: Cross sectional Plan for Canopy Clearance A roadside that is traversable and unobstructed by fixed beyond the non-recoverable terrain must be a minimum of 3
above Sidewalk objects will allow vehicles that leave the roadway to recover m (10 feet). The clear zone is to be free of hazardous objects,
3.21.1.1 Benefits of Urban Road Trees safely. The clear zone is the relatively flat unobstructed area hazardous terrain, and non-traversable terrain. Also, clear
that is to be provided for safe use by errant vehicles. The zones may be widened based on crash history.
Road trees (generally planted 1.22 m to 2.44 m (4 ft to 8 ft) designer should provide as much clear zone as practical. If
from curbs) provide many benefits to those roads they natural or man-made hazards, including slopes steeper than
occupy. These trees provide so many benefits that they 1:3, occur within the clear zone, the designer should attempt
should always be considered as an urban area default road the following treatments, in order of priority:
making feature. With new attentions being paid to global
warming causes and impacts more is becoming known about 1. Eliminate the hazard.
the many negative environmental impacts of treeless urban a. Remove the hazard.
streets. We are well on the wa y to recognizing the need for b. Relocate the hazard outside the clear zone.
urban road trees to be the default design, rather than a luxury c. Make the hazard traversable or crashworthy.
item to be tolerated by traffic engineering and budget 2. Shield the hazard with a longitudinal barrier or crash
conscious city administrators. The many identified problems cushion. This treatment should only be taken if the Figure 3.35: Clear Zone Plan View Two Way
of road trees are overcome with care by designers. Generally barrier or crash cushion presents a lesser hazard.
road trees are placed each 4.6 – 9.2 m (15-30 ft). These trees 3. Leave the hazard unshielded. This treatment should be
are carefully positioned to allow adequate sight triangles at taken only if a barrier or crash cushion is more
intersections and driveways, to not block illumination of the hazardous than the hazard, if the likelihood of striking
road from overhead lamps, and not impact lines above or the hazard is very small or if the expense of treatment
below ground. Road trees of various varieties can be used in outweighs the benefits in terms of crash reduction.
all climates, including semi-arid and even arid conditions.
If crash data or safety reports indicate that early treatment of
1. Reduced and more appropriate urban traffic speeds; the hazards will result in fewer or less severe crashes,
2. Create safer walking environments; designers should consider directing that those treatments be
3. Less drainage infrastructure;
Index No. 300
CLEAR ZONE 1 of 1
1. Non-recoverable when it is safely traversable and on a complicated when clear zone and slope criteria are combined
slope that is steeper than 1:4 but not steeper than 1:3. with canal hazard criteria Extreme caution must be taken to
2. Non-traversable when it is not safely traversable or on a ensure that all criteria are met. If the minimum standards for
slope that is steeper than 1:3. canal hazards cannot be met, then the standard guardrail
3. Hazardous when a slope is steeper than 1:3 and deeper treatments as provided in the Design Standards should be
than 6 feet. used.
3.23 Hazard Standards Exhibit 3-A, Exhibit 3-B
3.23.1 Canal Hazards 80 Kph or Greater 18 m

Less Then 80 Kph 15 m
A canal is defined as an open ditch parallel to the roadway
for a minimum distance of 300 m (1000 ft) and with a 6.1 m
seasonal water depth in excess of 3 ft. for extended periods
Figure 3.36: Clear Zone Plan View for Multilane of time (24 hours or more). For rural and urban flush
shoulder highways, the distance from the outside edge of the
Clear Zone
through travel lane to the top of the canal side slope nearest
Recover Terrain the road will be no less than 18 m (60 ft) for highways with
Non-Recoverable (10 ft Min. where
Recoverable Terrain Terrain R/W Permits) design speeds of 80 km/h or greater. For highways with 80 Kph or Greater 18 m
design speeds less than 80 km/h this minimum distance may Less Then 80 Kph 15 m
Shoulder
be reduced to 15 m (50 ft). for rural and urban flush shoulder
highways or 12 m (40 ft). for urban curb or curb and gutter
highways. When new canal or roadway alignment is required, 6.1 m
distances greater than those above should be provided; if 1.5 m

Slope 1:4 or Flatter
possible, to accommodate possible future improvements to

Slope Steeper then 1:4but not steeper then 1:3
the roadway (widening, etc.). On fill sections, a flat berm
Slope 1:4 or Flatter (maximum 1:10 slope) of width no less than 6.1 m (20 ft).
will be provided between the toe of the roadway front slope
Figure 3.37: Clear Zone Cross Section and the top of the canal side slope nearest the roadway. This
minimum berm width applies to all types of highways, both Figure 3.38: Minimum Standards for Canal Hazards
NOTE: rural and urban construction. (See Exhibits 3-A & 3-B ). (Rural and Urban Flush Shoulders)
When the slope between the roadway and the "extended
1. See Chapter 2, for new construction slope criteria. See
period of time" water surface is 1:6 or flatter, the minimum
Chapter 1, for RRR slope criteria.
distance can be measured from the edge of the through lane0
Roadside Terrain includes all surfaces along the roadway to the "extended period of time" water surface and a berm is
other than Travel Lanes, Aux iliary Lanes, and Ramps. For not required. In sections with ditch cuts, 6.1 m (20 ft). will be 3.23.2 Drop-off Hazards
the purpose of establishing Clear Zones, Roadside Terrain is provided between the toe of the front slope and the top of
Drop-off hazards are defined as steep or abrupt downward
defined as recoverable, non-recoverable, non-traversable, and the canal. Guardrail or other protective devices shall be
slopes that can be perilous to vehicle occupants and/or
hazardous as follows: Recoverable when it is safely installed 5 ft. from the canal front slope where it is not
pedestrians and cyclists. The Engineer should consider
traversable and on a slope that is 1:4 or flatter. possible to meet the above minimum criteria. The design is
shielding any drop-off determined to be a hazard. The
Index No. 300
CANAL HAZARDS 1 of 1
following guidelines will be useful in standardizing the shields generally require the ends to be treated, which
80* kph or Less 12.2 m
identification and treatment of drop-off hazards. also needs to be taken into consideration.
2. When a drop-off is to be shielded with guardrail, a
3.23.3 Drop-off hazards for vehicle occupants: 6.1 m minimum of 19 m (62.5 ft) of guardrail is required to
1. A drop-off of 1.8 m (6 ft) or more with a slope steeper develop proper ribbon strength. A minimum clear area 4
than 1:3 should be considered a hazard and shielded feet wide is to be provided behind the guardrail to allow
when it is within the Clear Zone. the guardrail to deflect when impacted. Proper slope and
2. In urban sections with curb or curb and gutter, a drop- soil bearing for the posts is to be provided.
off of 1.8 m (6 ft) or greaterwith a slope steeper than 1:3 3. Another consideration is whether the drop-off has a
located within 6.7 m (22 ft) of the traveled way, should 80* kph or Less 12.2 m significant crash history. Drop offs that have had 3
be evaluated for shielding. crashes within three consecutive years over a five-year
period are considered to have a significant crash history
6.1 m
1.5 m
and should be shielded.
Generally, pedestrians and bicyclists will be adequately
6.1 m protected from a drop-off hazard if guardrail or barrier has
been installed between the path or sidewalk and the drop-off.
However, circumstances do exist that will ultimately dictate
when a handrail is needed.
Figure 3.40: Minimum Standards for Canal Hazards
(Urban Curb or Curb and Gutter)
Less then 6.7 m
6.1 m
1.5 m
1.8 m or
greater
Steeper than 1:3
Figure 3.39: Minimum Standards for Canal Hazards Figure 3.41: Drop-off Hazards in Urban Sections
(Urban Curb or Curb and Gutter)
In determining if shielding a drop-off hazard would be

feasible for protecting vehicle occupants, the following
should be considered:
1. When a drop-off is shielded, a guardrail or barrier is

usually set closer to the road, which increases the
probability of impacting the guardrail or barrier. These
Index No. 300
CANAL HAZARDS 1 of 1
ROADWAY UTILITIES C
H
A
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4
CHAPTER 4
ROADWAY UTILITIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
4 Roadway Utilities ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
4.1 Utility Permit (Road-Cut And Road-Side Cuts) ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
4.1.1 Utility Permit ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
4.1.2 Permit Application ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
4.1.3 Processing .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
4.1.4 Installations Not Requiring Permits ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
4.1.5 Installations Requiring Permits ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
4.1.6 Additional Permit Requirements.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
4.1.7 Permit Non-compliance ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8
4.1.7.1 For Non-ROWGA Construction Permit Non-Compliance Issues............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
4.1.7.2 For ROWGA Construction Permit Non-Compliance Issues ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 9
4.2 Accommodations Standards .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
4.2.1 Basic Requirements .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
4.2.2 Crossings .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
4.2.3 Limited Access Crossings........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 11
4.2.4 Attachments to Structures ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
4.2.4.1 General .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 12
4.2.4.2 Responsibility........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
4.2.4.3 Criteria ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
4.2.4.4 Location................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 13
4.2.4.5 Materials ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 13
4.2.5 Other Systems ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
4.2.5.1 Casings ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
4.2.5.2 Temporary Supports............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 13
4.2.6 Pavement Cutting / Trenching of a Transportation Facility ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 13
4.2.7 Utility Accommodation In The Vicinity Of Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls (MSE) or Proprietary Earth Walls or Retaining Walls ......................................................................................................................... 14
4.3 Special Requirements For Installation, Restoration Of R.O.W And Maintenance Of A Utility .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
4.3.1 General ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
4.4 Maintenance Of Vegetation ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 16
4.4.1 General ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 16
4.4.2 Tree Trimming .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 16
4.4.3 Removal of Vegetation ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 16
4.4.4 Chemical Control of Vegetation ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 16
4.5 Maintenance Of Traffic (MOT) ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
4.5.1 Background ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
4.5.2 Traffic Control Plan (TCP) ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
4.5.3 Training ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
4.5.4 Non-Compliance ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
4.5.5 Requirements for Flashing Lights .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
4.6 Location Criteria For Utilities On Non-Limited Access Facilities ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 18
4.6.1 Resurfacing, Restoration, & Rehabilitation (RRR) Construction Projects ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
4.6.1.1 Construction Project Facility Criteria: .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 18
4.6.1.2 Clearances (RRR): ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 18
4.6.2 Control Zones or Conditions for RRR: ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 19
4.6.3 Transportation Facilities Other Than Limited Access or RRR ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 19
4.6.4 Restricted & Non-Restricted R.O.W Area ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
4.7 General Requirements ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
4.7.1 Utility Appurtenances .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 21
4.8 Utility Survey ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 22
4.8.1 General ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 22
4.8.2 Responsibility ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 22
4.8.3 Locates ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
4.8.4 Subsurface Utility Engineering (SUE)................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
4.9 Accommodation Of Utilities On Limited Access R.O.W .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
4.9.1 Limited Access Policy .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 24
4.9.2 Permitted Utility Activities on Limited Access Facilities Posted Speed >80 Km/h ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
4.9.2.1 Utility/Light Poles ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
4.9.2.2 Crossing (Aerial)................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
4.9.2.3 Crossing (Underground) ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
4.9.3 Telecommunications Facilities on Limited Access R.O.W................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 25
4.9.4 Criteria for Placement of Telecommunication Facilities on Limited Access Rights Of Way ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
4.9.5 General Criteria for Wireless and Wire-line Telecommunication Facilities .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
4.9.5.1 General Access ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
4.9.5.2 Access for Construction of Facilities ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 25
4.9.5.3 Access to Facilities for Maintenance................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 25
4.9.5.4 Construction Work Zone Maintenance of Traffic (MOT) ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
4.9.5.5 Clear Zone Preservation ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
4.9.5.6 Power, Phone or Other Utilities to Serve Equipment Buildings or Related Facilities ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 25
4.9.5.7 Criteria for Wireless Telecommunication Placement..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
4.9.5.8 Criteria for Wire-line Telecommunication Placement ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26
4.10 Exceptions .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26
4.10.1 Exceptions: (Applicable To All Types of Work)................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 26
4.10.2 Types of Exceptions: ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 27
4.10.3 Concurrence and Approval of Exceptions........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 27
4.10.4 Coordination of Exceptions ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 27
4.10.5 Justification and Documentation of Exceptions ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 27
4.10.6 General Exception Considerations:....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 27
4.10.7 Exception Considerations for the Designer:........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 28
4.10.7.1 Criteria: .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 28
4.10.7.2 Safety: ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 28
4.10.7.3 Function: ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 28
4.10.7.4 Benefit/Cost: ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 28
4.10.8 Exception Considerations for the Utility:............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 29
4.10.8.1 Justification Process and Documentation of Utility Exceptions ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 29
4.10.8.2 Description ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 29
4.10.8.3 Safety Impacts .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 30
4.10.8.4 Benefit / Cost Analysis .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 30
4.10.8.5 Conclusion and Recommendation ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 30
4.10.9 Scenarios for Approving Exceptions on RRR Type Projects ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 30
4.10.9.1 For Placement of Above Ground Fixed Objects: ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 30
4.10.9.2 For Placement of Below Ground Objects, Materials, or Methods: ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 31
4.11 Utility Corridor................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31
4.11.1 Utility Identification ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 31
4.11.1.1 Warrant Tapes.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 31
4.11.2 Laying of Utilities ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 32
4.11.2.1 General Notes .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 32
4.11.3 Standard Widths for Utilities in Utility Corridor ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 32
4.11.3.1 Water Supply .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 32
4.11.3.2 Sewerage Drain ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 32
4.11.3.3 Manhole Spacing ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 32
4.11.3.4 Telecommunication ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 33
4.11.3.5 Sui Gas .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 33
4.11.3.6 Electric Supply ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 33
4.11.3.7 Empty Duct...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 33
4.11.4 Details of Utility Corridor with Over Head Electric Supply: ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 33
4.11.5 Details of Utility Corridor with Under Ground Electric Supply: ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 33
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
1. Actual Crossing Operation 7. Business Day 14. Controlled or Regulated Species
That phase of the work authorized by the utility permit, when the It includes Monday through Friday, excluding the holidays. Any undesirable species prohibited by permit, or which grows in
casing or un-cased carrier pipe is being placed within the physical such a manner as to inhibit the survival and spread of planted
limits prescribed to determine the required casing length as set 8. CADD species. Specie designation may be obtained from the District
forth in the Section “Alternative Methods of Underground Environmental Management Office and is usually set by Punjab
Installation.” This will not include preliminary work, such as Computer Aided Drafting and Design law or local ordinance.
jacking pit construction, equipment set-up, etc.
9. Clear Run-out Area 15. Criteria
2. As-Built Plans
An area referred as additional clear zone space that is needed Criteria, also referred to as a standard, is the PGDM’s selected and
because a portion of the required clear zone falls on a non- documented value or range of values, process, specification, or
It is defined as the Plans that depict the actual location of a facility method to be employed, that is intended to be applicable for the
after construction as determined by physical measurements in the recoverable slope.
majority of conditions and applications for which it is defined, and
horizontal and vertical plane.
10. Clear Zone is based on cost effective and sound engineering principles.
3. ASTM
It is defined as the unobstructed relatively flat area that is provided 16. Design Build
American Society of Testing and Materials beyond the edge of the lane for errant vehicles. It is defined as a process whereby the ROWGA can contract with a
11. Competent firm to accomplish designing and building a transportation facility,
4. Auxiliary Lane under a single contract as an integrated process.
The portion of the roadway adjoining the traveled-way used for It is termed as the legally fit or qualified, and adequate for the 17. Design Speed
access ramps, speed changes, turning, storage for turning, weaving, stipulated purpose.
truck climbing, or other purposes supplementary to through traffic It is the maximum safe speed that can be maintained over a
12. Conduit specified section of a highway when conditions are so favorable
movement.
It is an enclosure for protecting a utility facility (e.g., wires and that the design features of the highway govern. Note: The design
5. Border Area speed is not the same as the posted speed along a facility. Design
cables).
speed was evaluated using a professional driver. It does not relate
It is the area between the roadway and the rights of way line. 13. Control Zone to actual field operational characteristics or the ability of a typical
driver. A design speed is usually selected to be 10 to 15 mph
6. Border Width It is defined as the areas in which it can be statistically shown that greater than the posted speed. Using a posted speed as a design
accidents are more likely to involve vehicle departure from the speed will normally result in providing less than normal intended
A lateral distance required to accommodate roadway infrastructure roadway and greater frequency of contact with above ground fixed design safeguards.
and is measured from the edge of the traveled-way to establish objects.
minimum rights-of-way requirements beyond the pavement limits. 18. Driving Lane
It is defined as any traffic, travel, or auxiliary lane.
Last Revision Page No.

Chapter No. 4 2011 PUNJAB GEOMETRIC DESIGN MANUAL ROAD WAY UTILITIES 4-1
Index No. 400
19. Emergency c. Any corrosive environment for a structure situated such ground, or view by reason of the fact that the property abuts upon
that a combination of environmental factors indicates that such limited access facility or for any other reason.
A situation or occurrence of a serious nature, developing suddenly a significant corrosion potential exists.
and unexpectedly, and demanding immediate action, that will affect 31. Locates
a reduction in public safety, disruption of utility service, or damage 24. Fixed Object
to the ROWGA rights of- way. An emergency situation requires It is the information gathering process that may or may not involve
the use of proper Maintenance of Traffic setup, when practical. Any above ground rigid non-frangible base object exceeding four a formal survey to identify and define the position of a utility,
(4) inches in height above the surface of the immediate area. vertically and horizontally.
20. Encasement
25. Frangible Base 32. MOT
It is the methodology which serves one of two purposes. It may be
a technique used to provide added protection for either a utility A design used at the base of poles or signs, which allows separation Maintenance of Traffic
facility or the surrounding environment, by surrounding the utility of the top portion from the bottom. The purpose is to minimize
facility with concrete or a conduit designed to resist potential vehicular impact damage through the use of designed shear, slip 33. Maintenance of Traffic
impacts or loading. planes, or a combination of the two.
It is the method by which traffic control through a work zone will
21. Erosion Control 26. Horizontal Clearance be handled.
Practices used to minimize soil loss from the ROWGA rights of Lateral distance from edge of traveled-way to a roadside object or 34. Major Crossing
way and the discharge of turbid runoff. Equal Material: Products feature.
that perform in an equivalent manner in similar circumstances for Pipe crossings eight (8) inches or greater in outside diameter;
an intended application. 27. Interference with Traffic crossings under limited access facilities; crossings requiring well
point dewatering; and other crossings of an unusual and difficult
22. Exception Obstructing, impeding, or otherwise disrupting the intended use of nature.
the facility.
A ROWGA authorization required when the design values and 35. Major Utility Facilities
policy applied by the UOA are not in compliance with PGDM. 28. Joint Use
Those facilities that if required to relocate will: experience a
23. Extremely Aggressive It is defined as the situation when collocation occurs on or in a significantly high impact, or will impact other utilities or the
utility facility such as poles, ducts, or trenches, etc. ROWGA in the same manner, or will potentially conflict with
Environment: A corrosive environment for a structure defined by construction activities and scheduling.
any of the following conditions: 29. LA or LA R.O.W
36. Manhole, Hand Hole, Pull-Hole
a. Any corrosive environment for a structure situated over Limited Access or Limited Access Rights of Way.
water containing more than 6,000 ppm chlorides, An opening in an underground system by which access may be
regardless of bridge clearance over water. 30. Limited Access Facility or Rights of Way achieved for the purpose of making installations, inspections,
b. Any corrosive environment for a structure situated within repairs, connections, and tests.
A street or Punjab highway, or appurtenances thereof, especially
one half mile of any major body of watercontaining more designed for through traffic, and over, from, or to which owners or
than 12,000 ppm chlorides. occupants of abutting land or other persons have no right or
easement of access, light, air, above, at the surface, or below the

Index No. 400
37. MSE 43. Permittee 48. Restricted Rights of Way Area
Mechanically Stabilized Earth Wall (Also synonymous with A Utility Agency/Owner (permit holder), permitted by the An area where insufficient border width exists to permit utilities to
Proprietary Earth Wall) ROWGA to construct, operate and maintain its facilities within the locate above ground fixed objects in compliance with minimum
ROWGA’s transportation facilities, and responsible for any clear zone requirements.
38. Mechanically Stabilized Earth Wall (synonymous with damages resulting from the issuance of said permit. A consultant or
Proprietary Earth Wall) contractor performing work for the Utility Agency/Owner is not a 49. Resurfacing, Restoration, and Rehabilitation
Permittee.
It is an engineering process that allows vertical walls to be It is defined as the work undertaken to preserve and extend the
employed without constructing a foundation for supporting the 44. Placed Out-of-Service (Deactivated) service life of an existing highway and enhance highway safety.
load. This is accomplished by distributing the stress through lateral
Wording used when a Permittee is allowed to leave its facilities in 50. Rights-of-Way
stabilizing materials such as straps or fabrics between layers of soil.
place and within the ROWGA’s rights-of-way after the facility is
39. Median no longer active. This is allowed only by mutual agreement when It is defined as any part or access to a ROWGA Facility, above, at
immediate removal would cause greater disruption of the public’s the surface, or below the ground.
It is the portion of a divided highway or street separating the use of the facility than obstruction by allowing it to remain.
51. Rights-of-Way User
traveled-ways for traffic moving in opposite directions. Allowing a facility to be left in place is considered temporary and
must be removed at any time in the future at the request of the
40. Non-Restricted Rights of Way Area It is the individual, firm, company, or governmental agency having
ROWGA. All Placed Out of Service facilities are intended to
a facility within any part of streets, highways, and/or
remain out of service.
It is an area where sufficient border width exists to permit utilities expressway/motorway Facility.
to locate above ground fixed objects in compliance with minimum 45. Qualified Welder
52. Right of Way (Owner) Government Agency
clear zone requirements.
A person who has been tested and demonstrated their ability to (ROWGA) (Table 4 -1)
41. Permit produce welds that meet the requirements.
A limited use agreement that is issued by the ROWGA to a UOA 46. Relining
subject to adjustment, removal or relocation of the affected utility
upon a ROWGA determination that the utility is unreasonably It is a process exclusive to the repair of the wall linings of pipes
interfering in any way with the convenient, safe, or continuous use, and conduits to prevent ground water seepage into the system, and
or the maintenance, improvement, extension, or expansion, of the not to be misconstrued with re-stringing of wires or cables on
public road or publicly owned rail corridor. poles or inserting facilities into ducts.
42. Permit Application Package 47. Relocation
ROWGA Utilities Form (See Appendix _) and all support Any and all work associated with the adjustment of a utility facility
documentation. (horizontally or vertically).

Index No. 400
Table 4. 1: Roadway Type and Respective Right of Way 55. Standard Specifications or property rights, both real and personal, which have been or may
(Owner) Government Agencies (ROWGAs) Issuing Utility be established by public bodies for the transportation of people
Permits A text document that provides specifications under which Punjab and property from place to place.
roads and bridges will be constructed, inspected and paid for (also
referred to as the Standard Specifications). 62. Traveled-Way / Traffic Lane
Roadway Authorized Permit
ROWGA
Type Issuer (API)
56. Standards The designated widths of roadway pavement, exclusive of
Tehsil Road
Local shoulders and marked bicycle lanes, marked to separate opposing
Farm to TMA
Government A standard, also referred to as criteria, is the PGDM’s elected and traffic or vehicles traveling in the same direction. These lanes
Market (FM)
Tehsil Road Local documented value or range of values, process, specification, or include through travel lanes, auxiliary lanes, turn lanes, weaving,
TMA
Others Government method to be employed, that is intended to be applicable for the passing, and climbing lanes. They provide space for passenger cars,
District District majority of conditions and applications for which it is defined, and trucks, buses, recreational vehicles and, in some cases, bicycles.
DCO / DO Technical
Roads Government is based on cost effective and sound engineering principles.
Town 63. Travel Lane
Town Road TMO
Authority 57. SUE
City District The designated widths of roadway pavement marked to carry
Government Subsurface Utility Engineering through traffic and to separate it from opposing traffic or traffic
City District
/City DCO / DO Technical
Road occupying other traffic lanes. Generally, travel lanes equate to the
Development 58. TCP
Authority basic number of lanes for a facility.
District City District
DCO / DO Technical Traffic Control Plan 64. Utility Appurtenances
Road Government
Punjab Chief Engineer (Highway 59. Traffic Control Plan
(Provincial) C&W or Structures as Any and all features or parts of a utility facility, above or below
Roads Appropriate) ground that are installed as a part of the facility, whether primary or
Federal Documentation of how a safe flow of traffic will be conducted secondary to its function.
NHA Related General Manager through an area in which construction or maintenance activities are
Roads
being performed. Documentation shall include defining all 65. Utility Facilities
NOTE: materials, traffic control devices, and activities required to
accomplish this task. All privately, publicly, or cooperatively owned lines, facilities, and
Or it can be any other concerned Government agency. systems for producing, transmitting, or distributing
60. Through Traveled-Way communications, power, electricity, light, heat, gas, oil, crude
53. Routine Maintenance
products, water, steam, waste, and storm water not connected with
It is defined as the portion of the roadway for the movement of highway drainage, and other similar commodities, including
The regular or normal care and upkeep of a facility. vehicles, exclusive of shoulders and auxiliary lanes. television transmission signals, publicly owned fire and police signal
54. Scenic Enhancement Areas systems, and street lighting systems, which, directly or indirectly
61. Transportation Facility
serve the public or any part thereof.
Areas or structures set for the preservation of environmental or Any means for the transportation of people and property from
cultural resources. 66. UOA
place to place, which is constructed, operated, or maintained in
whole or in part from public funds. The term includes the property Utility Owner Agency

Index No. 400
4 Roadway Utilities Engineer, or designee) prior to installation. Deviations from design A copy of the approved permit application package must be
criteria may require an exception. available at the job site at all times.
4.1 Utility Permit (Road -Cut and Road -Side During an emergency situation, the UOA should protect the public 4.1.2 Permit Application
safety by making necessary repairs or adjustments, complying as
Cuts) 1. Each copy of the permit application shall contain at a
much as is practical with the requirements. No advance permit
minimum, plans or information showing the following criteria
approval is required. However, permits for pavement cuts shall be
in the bullets listed below:
4.1.1 Utility Permit submitted within five (5) business days after the repairs are
completed. This does not limit any permit requirements of other a. Schematic plans of the proposed installation (not
A Utility Permit Application must be submitted by the, UOA.
agencies. necessarily to scale) showing the beginning and ending
An engineer or contractor may prepare and process a permit project limits.
If the Permittee’s work operations encounter remains of an
application for a utility owner, but shall not be identified as the
archaeological or historic nature, all earth disturbing activity shall b. The horizontal offset from a well-defined feature of the
Permittee. The permittee shall be responsible for ensuring its
be temporarily discontinued in the immediate vicinity of the Transportation Facility (to be determined by the
engineer or contractor complies with the provisions of this manual.
discovery and the Permittee shall notify the approving ROWGA ROWGA) to the proposed utility installation.
Table 4.2: Punjab Department of Archaeology Office of the discovery. The approving ROWGA shall notify the
Archaeologist at Punjab Department of Archaeology to determine c. The R.O.W limits and limited access line.
the disposition thereof. No work will resume until direction is
Aiwan-e-Auqaf Building, First d. As applicable, pavement/rail width and distance from edge
given by the approving Authorities
Floor, of pavement/rails to utility.
Location:
Shahra-e-Quaid-e-Azam,
Submittal of a combination of an approved “Utility Work
Lahore e. The roadway section and milepost numbers, station
Schedule”, Form No., and an authorized signed ROWGA UOA
Director General of Archaeology, numbers and bridge number (if applicable).
Contact Person agreement may be deemed equivalent to a permit.
Government of Punjab
Phone f. Material, function, type and size such as 12" maximum psi
92-42-99210870/1 The intent is to eliminate unnecessary duplication of processes.
Numbers(s) plastic gas or sewer pipe, or metal 2x3 foot conduit for
Completion of the standard permit process in such cases is not
required except that the above two documents shall have attached (power with voltage).
A permit must be approved or authorized by the ROWGA before
any utility is installed, relocated, or any facility placed out of service to them Permit Form No. completed through the signature g. All utility poles or other above ground facilities and other
(deactivated), that is reactivated on the ROWGA R.O.W, whether section of the Permittee including the date. This is necessary to pertinent details. With the exception of utility or single
it is for aerial or underground installations or attachment onto obtain a permit number and to generally identify the work area. All pole appurtenances mounted 4.6m or fifteen (15) feet or
bridge structures. When ownership of an existing utility facility other permit related provisions or information is defined in the higher above the ground, appurtenances larger than eight
changes; the new owner must provide an affidavit acknowledging work schedule or utility agreement. This section does not remove (8) cubic feet (0.23 m3) must have their location and size
transfer of ownership of such facilities and describing the the UOA’s obligation to comply with any and all provisions shown on the permit.
boundaries to the ROWGA. The new UOA acknowledges that the contained within this rule except as modified by the above
utility facility continues to be bound by the conditions of the submitted and approved agreement, nor does it preclude the h. One or more typical cross sections to adequately reflect
permit when it was originally permitted. requirement to supply whatever engineering justification or the underground location of the utility facility.
Permit Form (Exhibit J) may be obtained by the applicant from documentation is necessary for design approval, including any
exception that may be required. i. All known utilities in the proposed installation area shall be
the local ROWGA Authorized Permit Issuer (API) shown in Table
shown. However, if only aerial facilities requiring no
4.1. Any deviation from the approved permit shall be subject to the
approval of the ROWGA Officer (Technical or Infrastructure

Index No. 400
ROADWAY UTILITIES 1 of 4
additional poles are involved, then only aerial facilities on behalf of another must have the legal authority to do so and executed permits will be distributed to the applicant, and/or
need be shown on the permit drawing. be a duly appointed representative. any other concerned agency (s).
j. If above ground or underground facilities involve only one a. When the Permittee is not a corporation and is submitting 3. Each permit shall be processed in an expeditious manner, in
side of the R.O.W, then only involved utilities on that side a permit application for itself, the owner’s signature must order to minimize any unnecessary delays for the applicant.
of the R.O.W need to be shown on the permit drawing. be on the permit application. All signatures must be The ROWGA Office will notify the applicant if processing is
original. The names and titles of all persons signing the anticipated to exceed thirty (30) days, when installations fall
k. In all cases, the Permittee shall list all known R.O.W users permit application must be typed or printed legibly to the within areas in which no work is scheduled per the any Future
in the installation area on the permit form, and notify each left of their signatures. Work Program and/or Transportation Master Plan. In all
of them by copy of the permit drawing, whether they are cases, the permit will be processed in accordance with
known to be impacted or not. b. When a permittee is not a corporation and appoints a requirements found within this Chapter and as required by the
representative to submit a permit application on their ROWGA. Permits will be approved and issued if all
l. The minimum vertical clearance above or below the behalf, the representative shall attach to the permit requirements are met.
pavement shall be shown. application a notarized statement that the representative
has the authority to do so. The representative shall sign the 4. For installations in ROWGA R.O.W affected by the Future
m. The approximate distance and direction to the nearest
“Submitted for” space on the permit application. All Work Program or safety improvement projects, the local
town, major road intersection, bridges, or railroad
signatures must be original. The names and titles of all agency (s) will submit the permit application to the ROWGA
crossings.
persons signing the permit application must be typed or Office. The ROWGA Office will be responsible for the
n. Other significant physical features such as vegetation, printed legibly to the left of their signatures. coordination and tracking of the permit application.
wetlands, or bodies of water shall be indicated on the Coordination by ROWGA includes C&W Office, and/or
c. When the Permittee is a corporation, the signature of concerned agency (s).
plans.
either the owner or an approved representative, whose
o. A simple key map showing the location of this proposed name or position/title is on file with the ROWGA for that 5. The UOA or any other concerned agency will send the permit
facility should be included. corporation, must appear on the permit application. All application to the ROWGA Office for its recommendation.
signatures must be original. The names and titles of all The ROWGA Office will consult with all applicable Offices
p. In order to document existing conditions of the work area persons signing the permit application must be typed or before making a recommendation back to the applicant. The
prior to any utility work, a minimum of one and maximum printed legibly to the left of their signatures. ROWGA Office will approve or deny the permit within thirty
of six pictures, based on the complexity of the project, (30) days based on the recommendation and the ROWGA
must be submitted with the application as a remedy for 4.1.3 Processing Office will notify the applicant if additional information is
claims or final approval concerns. The number of pictures needed.
1. The applicant will submit two (2) originals and two (2) copies
can be minimized (or the requirement waived) by the
of permit application packages to the ROWGA.
ROWGA. 6. The C&W, PCGA, or any other concerned agency (s) will be
2. The ROWGA is authorized to approve permit applications, responsible for coordinating permit requests with the
2. For attachment to structures, the application shall include all ROWGA Office for projects that are scheduled within the
except as specified. Those applications that ROWGA are not
applicable construction plans and specifications for the Future Work Program and/or Transportation Master Plan.
authorized to approve, will be forwarded to the Chief Engineer
accommodation of the utility.
(C&W) for action or any other concerned Government Agency
7. All permit applications involving scenic enhancement areas are
3. Any person may submit a permit application on behalf of (s). Exceptions to the Limited Access Policy must be approved
to be reviewed and approved by the ROWGA.
another person or corporation. Only the owner may be listed by the ROWGA or any other affected agency. Upon approval,
as the permittee. Any person submitting a permit application

Index No. 400
8. All permit applications involving attachment onto bridge UOA's sole cost and expense, including any necessary legal fees of b. It is necessary to place a pole adjacent to a buried cable
structures shall be reviewed and recommended for approval or ROWGA in seeking compliance. where the existing permit does not include a pole line.
denial by the ROWGA, C&W and NHA (in case of federal
projects) A permit is not required for replacement of an individual pole c. It is necessary to place a pole beyond the limits of an
when the diameter or width does not exceed an additional six (6) existing approved pole line.
9. The applicant shall notify, in writing, all known involved utility inches of the original pole.
agencies using the R.O.W at the location of the proposed d. For purposes of this provision, the limits of an existing
installation. This notification shall Punjab the applicant's Permits are not required for underground service connections, approved pole line shall mean the distance from the edge
intentions in order to determine any objections caused by the provided that they do not cross or begin in the pavement and of the pavement to the approved pole line plus a
proposed installation. Any objections to the applicant’s trenching is at a right angle to the pavement. However, notice will maximum of 10% of that distance, but still within the
proposed construction by affected utility agencies must be be given to the affected local agency prior to construction in all R.O.W and no closer to the edge of the pavement. The
made in writing and forwarded to both the applicant and to the instances, and the Permittee shall notify all known underground outside edge of the through travel lane shall be the point
applicable ROWGA within ten (10) days of the applicant's utility agencies of the pending excavation. of reference in lieu of the edge of pavement/rails.
notification letter. Such objections must be specifically defined.
Permits are not required for maintenance on or replacement of e. Where a pole replacement exceeds the criteria mentioned
10. The Permittee will notify the approving authority upon existing aerial facilities, or inserting a product into an existing above. If the horizontal clearance is reduced or the pole
completion of the utility construction. conduit or pipeline permitted by the UOA, provided there is no has been hit more than two (2) times in any three (3)
pavement cutting, and any duct work can be done within the consecutive years of the last five (5) years, it must be
11. The ROWGA will complete page 2 of Permit Form and file it permitted time frame. The Permittee shall give a minimum of forty evaluated for relocation.
in the Office, with a copy sent to the Permittee. eight (48) hours advance notice, and identify limits of work to the
ROWGA. When a permit is required due to pavement cuts or 3. Permits are required for all above ground facilities placed in
12. The ROWGA requires the UOA to comply with the scheduling issues, a new justification is not required. New permit connection with underground installations when not included
permitting requirements of the Manual and as well as of other requirement support documentation shall be limited to in the original permit. Permits are required for marker poles
governmental entities. maintenance of traffic and safety issues, details of what is to be and riser poles, including pole mounted telephone closures for
installed in the pipeline or conduit, schedule to accomplish the test or splice purposes.
4.1.4 Installations Not Requiring Permits
work, and a copy of any separate agency environmental permit, if
4. Permits are required when installing a transportation facility
Permits are not required for placing new poles within an existing required.
lighting system, including installation on existing poles where
permitted facility pole line unless noted otherwise. The fact “no
existing poles are there by virtue of a permit.
permit is required” does not eliminate the requirement to comply 4.1.5 Installations Requiring Permits
with RRR criteria. For example, when horizontal clearance criteria 1. Permits are required for all underground installations and all 5. A permit is required if a new pole is to be set within the R.O.W
are not complied with, an exception must be obtained. overhead lines and crossings, except where noted in Section to accommodate a private or area light. A permit is also
4.1.4. required for the installation of a private or area light on an
Where timeliness of installation is essential, and an exception is
existing pole within the R.O.W where the light pattern which
required, the Utility may install the pole at their risk, prior to 2. Permits are required for all additional facilities using criteria shall conform to Highway Lighting Standards of this manual, is
obtaining an exception. An exception request must be submitted to listed in the bullets: to be directed toward the pavement.
the ROWGA within fourteen (14) calendar days of final installation
of the pole. a. It is necessary to place a pole within the R.O.W where 6. Permits are required when existing facilities are to be relocated
there is not an existing pole line. permanently to another location within the R.O.W, whether
Failure to comply or obtain exception approval will subject the
caused by a betterment program for the R.O.W user, or by
UOA to the requirement of immediate removal of the pole, at the
construction.

Index No. 400
7. Permits are required for improvements or betterment requiring waived only when the closing of one or more lanes is required for 4.1.7.1 For Non-ROWGA Construction Permit Non-
a physical change of existing facilities, except for routine emergency conditions. This manual Rule requires additionally, that
Compliance Issues
maintenance or minor alterations such as changes in the ROWGA be notified, except in emergencies, a minimum of
communications cables, transformer capacity, wire size of forty eight (48) hours in advance before closure to allow sufficient
The approving ROWGA shall give written notice, by Certified Mail
secondary circuits and primary circuits, or adding additional time for public service announcements and local agency response.
wires to an existing circuit of a 1 mile segment or less of an When utility work requires the use of temporary barriers or traffic with return receipt, to the UOA or its agent advising of the specific
existing utility installation. A permit will be required for any channelizing devices that prevents a permitted over dimensional deficiencies and/or violations and requesting compliance with the
alteration or addition to the utility installation (other than vehicle to travel through the work site on the pavement or
permit provisions within 30 days.
routine service drops or span guys), which will cross a shoulder, the UOA or its contractor shall be required to
transportation facility either overhead or underground. temporarily move such barriers or devices in an expedient manner
Normally, such alterations or additions will not be basis for to facilitate passage.
requiring relocation of the existing facility.
All new or replaced underground facilities within the R.O.W shall
8. Permits are required to reline any utility facility. be made electronically detectable using techniques available in the
Industry such as ground penetrating radars. Where as-builts are
9. Permits are required if any pavement is to be cut, including required in accordance with this manual, an as-built plan of the
driveways or sidewalks. utility facility location including depth tabulation (when plots or
elevations are not provided) shall be furnished at the time of the
10. Permits are required for any pipe reconstruction, replacement,
certification of completion of the project for which a permit is
or restoration procedure that has a potential to cause damage
given.
such as displacement or heaving.
Minimum horizontal offset or vertical clearance dimensions shall
4.1.6 Additional Permit Requirements
be the greater of that required.
The Permittee shall give a minimum of forty eight (48) hours
advance notice to the approving ROWGA office prior to any 4.1.7 Permit Non-compliance
construction or excavation, except in emergency situations. When the Permittee fails to complete all requirements contained
within the manual or features of the installation as specified in the
The Permittee should be aware that the utility permit does not
permit, and the ROWGA determines that such noncompliance is
authorize the use of overweight vehicles on the Punjab Highway
unreasonably interfering in any way with the convenient, safe, or Figure 4.1: Utility Identification Instrument
System. Permits for overweight vehicles are required and must be
continuous use, or the maintenance, improvement, extension, or
obtained from the Office of the RTA with an approved copy cent
expansion, of the public road, the following course of action shall
to the local Traffic Police Department.
be implemented in accordance with Sections 4.1.7.1 and 4.1.7.2.
Whenever any road on the Punjab Highway System is repaired,
reconstructed, or otherwise altered in a manner which necessitates
the closing of one or more traveled lanes of the roadway for a
period of time exceeding two (2) hours, the party performing such
work shall give notice to the local law enforcement agency, within
whose jurisdictions such roadway is located, prior to commencing
work on the project. The requirement of prior notification shall be

Index No. 400
4.1.7.2 For ROWGA Construction Permit Non- determine clear zone and horizontal clearance requirements in lieu Table 4.3: Clear Zone Widths for flush shoulders on a
of the posted speed whenever possible. Use of the posted speed to straight alignment with slopes 1:4 or flatter. (New
Compliance Issues Construction rural or urban)
set clearances will not provide the desired safety factor. However, it
may not be possible to find the records that document the design
The ROWGA Office shall give written notice, by Certified Mail
speed. In such cases, and only in such cases, it is acceptable to use Clear Zone Width (Meters)
with return receipt, to the UOA or its agent advising of the specific
the posted speed. >3000 AADT* <3000 AADT*
deficiencies and/or violations and requesting compliance with the
Travel Auxiliary Travel Auxiliary
permit provisions within 30 days. If deficiencies and/or violations In situations where underground and above ground utilities Design Lanes Lanes & Lanes Lanes &
have not been corrected within thirty (30) days, a second occupy the same side of the transportation facility, the overhead Speed & Lane & Single
notification shall be sent by Certified Mail with return receipt. This facility should normally be placed on the outside of the (Km/h) Multi- Ramps Multi- Lane
second notice shall advise the Permittee of the ROWGA’s intent to underground facility and as close to the R.O.W limits as practical, Lane Lane Ramps
extend the time allowed to achieve compliance or take action. to provide as much clear zone or horizontal clearance as practical. Ramps Ramps
The ROWGA shall document all acts of non-compliance that have New longitudinal underground utility installations shall be <70 5.5 3.0 4.9 3.0
occurred with regard to each permit, including failure to respond to discouraged within one (1) meter of the R.O.W to allow space for 70 7.3 4.3 6.0 4.3
notifications of non-compliance. A copy of all permit above ground facilities that must comply with clear zone and 80 7.3 4.3 6.0 4.3
documentation, written correspondence, memoranda or notes, horizontal clearance criteria. In cases where no other place exists to 90 9.0 5.5 7.3 4.3
certified mail receipts, etc., maintained in the Office shall be >90 11.0 7.3 9.1 5.5
place an underground facility, placement within one (1) meter of
required for reference, if an administrative hearing is requested. the R.O.W is acceptable. Clear Zone criteria have been developed NOTE:
and are found in Table 4.3. As shown in Figure 4.2, additional
4.2 Accommodations Standards Clear Zone width is provided where non-recoverable terrain is Design Speed is shown in the table. However, Posted Speed may
within the Clear Zone value shown in. Also, Clear Zones may be be used as the default criteria for areas where the design speed is
4.2.1 Basic Requirements widened based on crash history. It is critical that a UOA determine not published. Design Speed shall be used when available.
as soon as practical what Clear Zone values have been set for all
The basic requirements governing location of utility installations *AADT = Mainline twenty (20) years projected annual average
locations along a project. In cases where more than one UOA
are described in this chapter. The primary concerns in the design daily traffic.
proposes an aerial installation on the same side of the ROWGA
and location of utility installation are the preservation of the
R.O.W, a joint-use arrangement must be pursued by the utility Clear Zones must be adjusted for the effects of shoulder slopes
transportation facility and the safety of the transportation facility
agencies. Only single pole lines shall be permitted on each side of steeper than 1:4.
users. To facilitate management of the R.O.W resources and
ROWGA's R.O.W. Exceptions may be granted pursuant.
minimize construction conflicts, joint use of utility facilities is Adjustments due to shoulder slope are contained in Figure 4.2.
encouraged when accommodation can be achieved within or on In those situations where a single UOA proposes to install a pole Clear Zone Widths are measured from the edge of the lane.
existing ducts or poles, provided accommodation is compatible. An line on both sides of the R.O.W, both pole lines must be available
exception to joint use may be allowed based on the Permittee for joint use in order to accommodate other above ground UOA
providing an engineering benefit cost study with a 2:1 ratio. facilities. The access or passage by a disabled person using a
Roadway designers use design speed as a control for designing wheelchair or other personal transportation device should be
individual roadway elements throughout a project for reasons of considered. Generally, the minimum clear pathway width
cost effectiveness and achieving maximum safety. After a design is requirement is 92 cm (36 inches). However, 82cm (32 inch)
complete, a uniform posted speed is established for areas along the minimum clear width is allowed for a pathway length not exceeding
roadway that is both reasonable and fits within the bounds of all 62 cm (24 inches).
the design elements. It is important that design speed be used to

Index No. 400
ACCOMMODATIONS STANDARDS 1 of 6
Table 4. 4: Minimum Horizontal Clearance to Other above 2. Where practical, luminaries should be attached to utility poles d. These controls shall also be followed in the location and
Ground Fixed Objects meeting the offset criteria. The intent is to eliminate design of utility installations that are needed for
unnecessary poles along facilities. A second pole line to transportation facility purposes, such as continuous
support illumination may be allowed where the need for the highway lighting or to serve weight stations, rest areas, or
Rural and Urban Flush Urban Curb or Curb and
Shoulders Gutter illumination is properly documented, traffic safety recreation areas. All new or relocated longitudinal above
requirements are met, practical alternatives using existing ground and underground utility facilities on roadway
Four 1.22 m (4) feet back from infrastructure do not exist, and compliance with all other R.O.W and operating rail corridors shall be placed outside
face of curb. May be 0.76 m or requirements can be achieved . the toe of the front slope and as close to the edge of the
Outside the clear zone two and one half (2.5) feet back R.O.W as practical.
from face of curb when all 3. Scenic enhancement shall be considered on permit
other alternatives are deemed applications. The type and size of utility facilities, along with e. Where an encasement is used and designed as a pressure
impractical. the extent to which they are permitted along or within vessel, the encasement pipe will have strength equal to or
ROWGA R.O.W, can materially alter the scenic quality, exceeding the carrier pipe. Where the casing is not a
appearance and view of the transportation facility and adjacent pressure vessel, the casing pipe shall be capable of
areas. Therefore, additional controls are applicable in certain supporting a minimum external load of 11 Metric Tons per
areas that have been acquired or set aside for their scenic square meter at seventy seven (77) cm minimum depth and
quality. Such areas include scenic strips, overlooks, rest areas, other requirements found in this Chapter.
recreation areas, and the R.O.W within the limits of public
parks and historic sites. f. When an emergency condition warrants immediate action,
the UOA should proceed immediately with repairs
4. New underground utility installations may be permitted within necessary to safeguard the public, The ROWGA shall be
such lands where they do not require extensive removal or notified as soon as practical, but no later than the next
alteration of trees or other natural features visible to the scheduled working day. All repair work to the facilities
transportation facility user, and where they do not impair the must be approved by the ROWGA. If the type of work
visual quality of the lands being traversed. New aerial would normally require a permit, the UOA will be required
installations are to be avoided at such locations where there is a to submit a permit application within one (1) week after
feasible and prudent alternative to the use of such lands by the the work is completed. In a situation of this type, a Traffic
Figure 4.2: Recovery Area and Clear-Zone Width aerial facility. Exceptions will be considered for criteria listed in Control Plan (TCP) is not required with the permit
the bulleted items: application. This does not eliminate the responsibility to
NOTE:
provide a safe setup, when and where practical. In any
a. Other locations are unusually difficult, or the cost is case, restoration of R.O.W will be in accordance with all
1. The above shown slope values are typically found in designs
unreasonable or more undesirable from the standpoint of applicable specifications and standards, at the expense of
but are not intended to reflect a standard design. When a non-
visual quality. the Permittee.
recoverable slope encroach the Clear Zone, then additional
Clear Zone width is provided beyond the toe of slope equal to b. Undergrounding is not technically feasible or the cost is g. All underground service connections shall comply with the
the width of the encroachment. A minimum of 3.0 m or ten unreasonable. R.O.W restoration and minimum depth (except to meet
(10) feet of additional Clear Zone width is provided beyond
above ground termination) requirements found in this
the toe of slope. This additional Clear Zone width may be c. The proposed installation will employ suitable designs and
Chapter.
reduced if it extends beyond the R.O.W line. Clear Zones may materials that give adequate attention to the visual qualities
also be widened based on crash history. of the areas being traversed.

Index No. 400
4.2.2 Crossings principles, shall be installed with sufficient strength to preserve
the structural integrity of the paving and structure.
Crossings under existing pavement will usually be made without
cutting the pavement; using the horizontal land boring augers, and
related technologies.
Underground crossings made by methods other than open cutting

shall conform to the provisions of this Chapter. The proposed
means of placing the pipe shall be stated on the permit. Conditions
that are generally unsuitable or undesirable for pipeline crossings
should be avoided.
Clearance requirements for both aerial and underground crossings

are shown in location criteria.
Figure 4.5: Limited Access Under ground Crossings
4.2.3 Limited Access Crossings 4. Since aerial crossings usually may not be accomplished without
In expanding areas adjacent to a limited access facility, the Figure 4.3: Under ground Pipeline Crossings work inside the limited access facility, such crossings between
Permittee shall install utility facilities so as to minimize the need for interchanges should be minimized. Where necessary to
crossings of the limited access facility. In areas where utility construct a crossing between interchanges on an operational
facilities are not available within reasonable distance, of where the facility, a comprehensive plan for this work must be presented
utility facility is needed, a crossing by a utility facility may be as part of the permit application. No temporary supports will
permitted pursuant to section 4.9 of this Chapter. The be permitted within the applicable clear zone or horizontal
construction and maintenance of Utilities should be accomplished clearance requirements, unless placed behind existing guardrail
without violation of limited access principles. at or exceeding the minimum offset or incorporated within an
approved barrier system. No work of any type, in connection
1. Underground pipelines crossing between interchanges should with permitted construction will commence without a
be encased between toes of slopes. Casing pipe for flammable minimum of forty eight (48) hours advance notification to the
gases and fluids will be vented at the R.O.W line. Welded steel ROWGA Office.
Figure 4.4 : Limited Access Crossings
pipe transmitting gas or liquid petroleum may be installed
without encasement. The pipeline shall be designed to 3. All piping must comply with the appropriate Federal and 5. Where a permitted facility exists within the proposed R.O.W of
withstand internal design pressures and the superimposed Punjab regulations in effect at the time of permitted a limited access facility and it can be serviced, maintained, and
loads of the transportation facility. All construction and construction. operated without interference to traffic on through traffic
maintenance will be outside the limited access fence. When roadways or ramps, it may remain as long as it does not
utilities are placed on completed sections, the limited access adversely affect the safety, design, construction, operation,
fence may be replaced with temporary fencing extending into maintenance, or stability of such limited access facility.
the toe of slope and enclosing the entire work area.
6. Where a utility follows a crossroad or street that is carried over
2. Underground crossings in interchanges, where access to the or under a limited access facility, provision should be made for
utility may be gained without violation of limited access the utility to cross the limited access facility at the location of
the crossroads or streets in such manner that the utility could

Index No. 400
be serviced without interference to traffic on through-traffic 4.2.4 Attachments to Structures will support the utility in addition to other loads, in a safe manner
roadways or ramps. Where distinct advantages and appreciable and will not significantly reduce the live load capacity of the bridge.
cost savings are affected by locating the utilities outside the 4.2.4.1 General The ROWGA is the final authority in all disputes that may
R.O.W of the crossroad or street, they may be so located. develop. The UOA is advised to review the Punjab Five Year Work
Generally if any of the following conditions in the bullets listed are Program to determine if an existing bridge will be replaced,
7. Except for necessary crossings, water canals, and irrigation created by the attachment to a structure, the attachment will not be rehabilitated, or widened.
ditches should be excluded from the limited access R.O.W. approved:
Crossings may be made by underground siphon, or through 4.2.4.3 Criteria
culverts, or bridges as appropriate to the size of canal, 1. An obvious hazard to the public.
Where attachments are permitted, the following criteria must be
topographic conditions, and transportation safety aspects. In 2. The integrity of the structure will be affected. met as conditions of issuing the permit:
general, locations and structures are to be designed in the same
manner, as are facilities for natural transverse drainage. All 3. Inspection and maintenance operations will be unreasonably 1. Designs for utility attachments shall be in compliance with all
ingress and egress for servicing or patrolling such facilities shall hindered. applicable federal, Punjab and local regulations, rules, and
be from outside the control of access lines. codes.
4. Aesthetics of structures, that are located in aesthetically
8. When existing utilities are relocated or adjusted in conjunction sensitive environments, will be adversely affected. 2. No construction or maintenance will be accomplished upon a
with construction of a limited access facility, provision should structure without written approval from the ROWGA Office.
be made for known and planned expansion of the utility Details of utility attachments including loads, attachment positions, In emergencies, repairs may proceed after verbal approval
facilities, and particularly those underground. They should be detail dimensions, material type, plans, specifications, and from the ROWGA.
planned to avoid interference with traffic at some future date corrosion certification will be submitted by Engineer, registered
when additional or new overhead or underground lines are with the PEC, to the ROWGA. 3. Utilities attached to bridge structures shall maintain a vertical
installed. clearance at least equal to that of the structure.
Development of construction plans for the accommodation of
9. Access for servicing a utility along or across a limited access utilities onto structures to be constructed shall be the responsibility 4. Attachments onto bridge structures, whose locations are
facility should be limited to access via criteria in the bulleted of the Permittee. environmentally classified as extremely aggressive, shall have all
items listed: the metallic portions of the attachment hardware (hangers,
Permits for attachments to existing structures shall be reviewed and bolts, etc.) fabricated from stainless steel or other equal
a. Service (Frontage) roads where provided. recommended for approval or denial by the ROWGA. material as approved by the competent authority.
b. Nearby or adjacent public roads and streets. Comments from ROWGA must be coordinated into the design 5. Utility cables or conductors shall be encased in conduit so that
process. The Permittee shall coordinate the plans development maintenance can be accomplished from the ends of the
c. Trails along or near the limited access R.O.W lines, process with the ROWGA. structure. Conduits for utilities to be installed on bridges
connecting only to an intersecting roadway or rail corridor,
located in extremely aggressive areas shall be fabricated from
from any one or all of which entry may be made to the 4.2.4.2 Responsibility
non-metallic materials or other equal materials as approved by
outer portion of the limited access R.O.W. The UOA is totally responsible for the design, safety, inspection, the competent authority.
and maintenance of its facilities and supporting hardware attached
to bridge structures. 6. All electrical cables two (2) kv and above shall be shielded
cable with a concentric neutral grounded at both ends of the
If the ROWGA determines that the utility may be accommodated, bridge.
the Permittee has the responsibility to determine that the structure

Index No. 400
7. Metallic pipes or conduits shall be electrically insulated from 4.2.4.5 Materials
the structure by redundant insulators. Metallic pipes or
All materials and methods to be used for utility conduit, pipe
conduits shall be supported by insulating pipe rollers or
coatings, and concrete repairs shall be approved by the ROWGA's
specifically designed sliding or elastomeric bearings. Insulating
Office and in accordance with the site specific requirements.
pipe rollers (rollers constructed from dielectric material) shall
be used, unless the loads will permanently strain the roller 4.2.5 Other Systems
material beyond the elastic limit.
8. All utilities shall be isolated and insulated from the structure to 4.2.5.1 Casings
ensure that corrosion cells do not develop because of the When casings are used for crossings of flammable gases or fluids,
attachment of the utility. the casing shall extend to the toe of the front slope and shall be
vented at or outside of the R.O.W line.
9. Utility attachments should be designed to pass through the
back wall of the abutment, when practical. Pipe may be routed Figure 4.6: Temporary Supports for Aerial Crossings
The pipeline shall be designed to withstand internal design
around the abutment when the abutment back wall design pressures and the superimposed loads of the transportation facility. No temporary supports will be allowed closer than the minimum
prohibits pass through due to dimensional constraints, clearance as shown in this Chapter, unless incorporated with
thickness, material composition, or reinforcement. The All casing pipe materials and joints shall comply with the greater of
approved barrier systems or other approved work zone traffic
Permittee will consult with the ROWGA concerning the either the industry standard requirement for the intended use, or
control devices.
requirements at each site. those required to sustain the static and dynamic loads of
construction or maintenance activities as well as continued public No work of this type will commence without a minimum of forty
10. All pressure lines shall have shut-off systems so that the pipe use without leakage or damage to the roadway facility. All welded eight (48) hours advance notification to the local law enforcement
segment at the bridge can be isolated. joints shall be full depth welds. agency and ROWGA, within whose jurisdictions such roadway is
located prior to commencing work. Such temporary construction
11. All lines carrying hazardous material (flammable, toxic, or Casing shall be required for crossings of underground utilities
shall be completed in the minimum amount of time practical, as
corrosive) shall be designed carefully. Steel pipe with welded or where the carrier conduit is of insufficient strength due to
approved in the permit.
flange joints may be used but care should be taken. composition or depth of cover.
12. Accommodation of pipes transmitting hazardous materials 4.2.6 Pavement Cutting / Tren ching of a
Casing shall be required for crossings under existing pavement
with line pressures in excess of two hundred fifty (250) psi where the carrier is of composition such that it cannot be jacked Transportation Facility
gage pressure should be reviewed in light of the added safety and bored.
1. In any analysis of a request for open cutting or trenching,
concerns.
4.2.5.2 Temporary Supports primary considerations will be given to the safety and
4.2.4.4 Location convenience of the public. The applicant shall provide written
Where it is necessary to place temporary supports for aerial justification for approval of open cutting.
Utilities should be located beneath the cantilever portion of the crossings that will interfere with traffic, careful planning of work
bridge structure deck overhang. Under no circumstances should with regard to the safety of vehicular traffic is mandatory. 2. Open cutting of existing pavement and side roads, less than
any UOA be allowed to attach onto the bridge girders. Locating five (5) years old, on ROWGA R.O.W generally will only be
the utility under the deck overhang is the best location because it considered with written justification to include an analysis of
minimizes interference with bridge inspection and future girder factors demonstrating that means other than open cutting
maintenance. would not be feasible. The factors shall include but not be
limited to conditions such as: pavement re-construction is

Index No. 400
scheduled for the facility within the Five Year Work Program, 4.2.7 Utility Accommodation In The Vicinity Of practical location of a utility facility must be determined based on
subsurface obstructions, limited space for jacking and MSE wall design and available R.O.W.
boring/directional boring, high water table, or substandard Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls (MSE) or
roadway surface. When an MSE wall is used as the approach or abutment support to
Proprietary Earth Walls or Retaining Walls
an existing or proposed bridge, special consideration must be given
3. Open cutting of existing paved driveway connections will be to accommodating any utility facility attached to the bridge. In the
permitted, provided the users are notified by the Permittee New utilities will not be accommodated within the limits of a area of transition between the bridge and the approach, there may
seven (7) days in advance, access to the property is maintained Mechanically Stabilized Earth or Proprietary Earth Wall, hereafter be considerable differential settlement and induced shear stress that
for the users, and pavement is restored to the greater of an referred to as an MSE wall, or its support structure unless requires special design, material, and joint configuration. It may be
equivalent condition and type to what exists or in accordance approved by the ROWGA and/or any other concerned official. required to accommodate the utility facility in a separate false work
with this Chapter. Notification may be accomplished by the Special design constraints may be imposed when a pressurized structure along the face of the MSE wall rather than incorporate it
use of a door hanger type notice, or on-site signs, as utility carrier is placed within a confinement area, through, under, directly into the MSE wall structure. The design must be
appropriate and approved by the ROWGA. or immediately adjacent to an MSE Wall. This is to assure the compatible with the aesthetics features applied to the overall
structural elements take into consideration support limitations that structure.
4. Where open cutting has been permitted, replacement of fill, may be created by the presence of utilities and potential damage or
base, and surface will be in accordance with this manual. and failure if a pressurized utility carrier leaks. All additional costs associated with accommodation of a utility
any special provisions of the permit. facility on any structure, within an MSE wall structure, or in such
MSE walls function by using straps or fabric as structural elements close proximity so as to incur special design and construction costs,
throughout the earth fill to resist lateral wall stresses through shall be paid for by the UOA unless a compensable interest exists.
friction. This makes it impractical and in some cases impossible to
incorporate utilities among the layered structural elements because Liquid or Gas pressure carrier installations:
special design and construction problems result. Since MSE wall
reinforcement relies upon friction between the soil and the All liquid or gas pressure carriers should be installed as far from the
structural elements, any reduction in compaction of the soil by the MSE wall as practical. When a request is made to place a liquid or
intrusion of utilities, excessive fluids, or gases can result in failure gas line within or near MSE walls, special consideration must be
of the total MSE wall structure. given to not only how the utility location may affect obtaining
adequate compaction around straps or fabric but also the proximity
If a liquid or pressure vessel were allowed within or in close of the carrier to the friction devices or the wall proper. All new
proximity to the structure and it ruptured, total failure of the MSE liquid or gas carriers installed within the confinements of an MSE
wall structure could occur resulting in injury or death to those wall, whether longitudinally or crossing must be encased in a
occupying the structure, or immediately adjacent to it. If utility separate conduit suitable to withstand the design and working
Figure 4.7: Pavement Cutting/Trenching of a pressures of the main carrier.
accommodation within the limits of an MSE wall structure appears
Transportation Facility
to be the only practical alternative, only non-liquid and non-
pressure vessels may be permitted without separate encasement. For all new liquid or gas pressure carriers to be installed
immediately adjacent to an MSE wall, whether a separate
All liquid and pressure carriers should be located as far from an encasement will be required shall be at the discretion of the
MSE Wall as the R.O.W and construction technology permit. All ROWGA. As a rule of thumb, separate encasement is suggested
existing utility facilities that are located below a proposed MSE wall within 1.55 m of a wall and should be considered but is not
structure must be evaluated for condition and relocation. The mandated within the limits defined by a 1:2 (height: offset) slope

Index No. 400
intercept line from the top of the MSE to the top of the carrier. 3. All affected side drains, side ditches, and storm sewers will be 10. At such locations where signs, reflectors, or other structures
Additional Coordination and Engineering Required: identified and referenced as to grade and location prior to will interfere with proposed utility installation, the Permittee
construction. Anticipated conflict manholes shall be noted in will notify the ROWGA Office a minimum of forty eight (48)
When initial utility contact is made the project scope may not the UOA Work Schedule. hours in advance of starting work. All signs and reflectors that
define whether a conventional earthen fill will be used or an MSE require relocation or replacement as a result of Permittee's
wall is required. Issues of this nature require earlier than normal 4. At each open cut, the backfill material shall be placed and work will be relocated or replaced by the Permittee.
lead-time for utility relocation or special design. Allowing a liquid compacted. This requirement applies to embankment, sub
or gas pressure carrier within MSE wall confinements may appear grade, and base should be considered. The density 11. All trees and shrubbery (planted or naturally occurring on the
to be the only practical option. But, the UOA may need to plan on determinations can be made by the Permittee, if qualified, or a R.O.W) irreparably damaged or destroyed by the UOA during
special loading conditions that may require replacement of some certified laboratory under the supervision of the Permittee's construction shall be replaced by and at the Permittee’s
portions of the utility facility to accommodate localized stress or consultant. A copy of all density test reports shall be furnished expense with like-sized plants, except for trees or shrubs
movement. These issues must be addressed with the ROWGA. As to the ROWGA. removed in accordance with the permit for purposes of
soon as it has been determined that an MSE wall is to be complying with clear zone or horizontal clearance. Utility
employed, the ROWGA shall notify the UOA to begin its design 5. When open cut is allowed, drawings must accompany the companies must measure trees and shrubs before they are cut
considerations; Non-compliance with the above must be evaluated permit application showing proper replacement of the roadway down. Replacement material is measured in the nursery
based on site conditions and will require an approved exception. and location of the utility. Written documentation is required industry measurement standard of Caliper inches which is
justifying why the UOA believes a deviation. measured six (6) inches above grade of nursery stock.
4.3 Special Requirements For Installation, 6. Temporary patches will be maintained to provide a smooth, all 12. Sodding, grassing, and mulching operations shall begin within
weather surface at all times. Temporary patches shall be one (1) week after utility is installed, except in cases of front
Restoration of R.O.W And Maintenance replaced by permanent patches as soon as all other installation and back slopes which shall be done immediately. The grass
of a Utility work is completed, and the ROWGA Office will be notified a mat will be re-sodded with like sod. The Permittee shall
minimum of forty eight (48) hours prior to application of the maintain that portion of the R.O.W affected by the permit
permanent patch. The Permittee will be required to maintain installation until vegetation is established.
the permanent patch for a period of two (2) years from the
4.3.1 General date of installation. 13. The Permittee shall immediately cease operations and notify
Erosion and sediment controls, if required, shall be installed before the ROWGA or, if on a construction project, the Project
7. Excavated material in excess of the quantity required for Engineer, if substances or material suspected of being
any work begins, and in accordance with local, Punjab, and federal
backfill shall be removed by the Permittee. hazardous waste, asbestos, oil of any kind or in any form,
requirements.
gasoline, pesticides, ammonia, chlorine, and derivatives
8. Excess excavated material considered unusable by the
1. The Permittee, prior to any excavation or demolition activities, thereof, excluding liquefied petroleum gas, are discovered in
ROWGA shall be disposed of at the Permittee's expense,
to notify the ROWGA. This is to be done not less than two the portion of the R.O.W where work is authorized by the
unless otherwise directed by the ROWGA. This paragraph
(2), nor more than five (5), business days before beginning permit. The ROWGA shall notify the Permittee of the
does not apply to material contaminated with hazardous waste
excavation. Greater periods exist for certain circumstances. suspension or revocation of the permit until contamination
or pollutant.
assessment and remediation has progressed. At that time, the
2. The Permittee should be aware that the utility work may
9. All correspondence regarding construction procedures will be ROWGA will notify the Permittee and provide an opportunity
require compliance with other Punjab and local agency codes,
handled directly with the Permittee and not through the for the Permittee to obtain an amended permit, subject to any
standards, and criteria.
Permittee's consultants, contractors, or subcontractors. conditions imposed by Pakistan Environmental Protection

Index No. 400
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR INSTALLATION, RESTORATIONS OF R.O.W & MAINTENANCE OF A UTILITY 1 of 1
Agency. The Permittee shall comply with all conditions of the Table 4.6: Parks and Horticulture Authority Lahore flush with the ground those trees (less than four (4) inches in
amended permit. diameter or larger, with the approval of the ROWGA) interfering
Parks & Horticulture Authority or likely to interfere with the safe maintenance and operation of the
Table 4. 5: Environmental Protection Department –Punjab 2-Jail Road Race Course Park, utility. All undergrowth is to remain natural. Brush cuttings or
Location:
Lahore debris discharged into the routinely maintained limits of the R.O.W
shall be removed by UOA. Stockpiling of debris for later disposal
Director General
Contact Person is allowed outside the mowing limits and clear recovery zone. The
National Hockey Stadium,
Opposite LCCA Ground, Ph: 92-42-9203759 distribution of chips outside the mowing limits and clear recovery
Phone Email zone, or beneath existing trees at a uniform thickness will also be
Location: Gaddafi Stadium, Ferozepur info@phalahore.com.pk
Road, allowed with the prior approval of the ROWGA. See Section 4.4.1
Lahore. 4.4.2 Tree Trimming regarding vegetation removal and restoration.
Contact
Director (Legal & Enforcement) The trimming of trees where required to ensure and maintain the
Person 4.4.4 Chemical Control of Vegetation
+92-42-9232227 safe operation of utility facilities is allowed by the original permit,
Phone provided such trimming is performed in accordance with Authorization to control vegetation chemically must be secured in
+92-42-9232227
FAX advance, in writing, with a minimum of forty eight (48) hours
environment@punjab.gov.pk recognized and approved principles of modern vegetation control
Email
methods, with emphasis on tree health. Such trimming shall not advance notice given to the respective ROWGA prior to the
unnecessarily damage trees and shrubs that are intended to remain application of the chemicals. All requests shall be submitted in a
4.4 Maintenance of Vegetation in the work area. The use of mechanical tree trimming machines written proposal that outlines the extent of the intended work, the
will be permitted as part of routine maintenance. type of herbicides or plant (tree) growth regulators, including labels
4.4.1 General and material safety data sheets that are intended for use, and the
All waste and debris associated with the trimming shall be removed intended timing and techniques of application.
Maintenance of vegetation includes any method intended to alter from ROWGA R.O.W, unless otherwise approved in writing
or regulate the normal growth process of plants. Manual or where the ROWGA has arranged for removal by other forces. The use of herbicides and plant (tree) growth regulators for the
mechanical methods, or the use of herbicides or plant (tree) growth When trimming does irreparable damage to trees or shrubs or purpose of chemically maintaining vegetation may be approved by
regulators, may be allowed based upon site specific safety causes the vegetation to die, the Permittee shall replace this the ROWGA on a site or location specific basis. Application for
requirements. Safety, aesthetics, and the preservation of desired vegetation with material as described in this Chapter. chemical control will be considered on an individual basis and
vegetation are prime considerations in the maintenance of authorization shall not be interpreted as giving permission to
vegetation. Vegetation maintenance will not detract from the 4.4.3 Removal of Vegetation extend beyond the specified limits or the provisions of the work.
natural beauty of the roadside and shall not provide or appear as an
Manual or mechanical cutting of vegetation will be permitted on a Regardless of the method used by the Permittee for control of
abrupt change in roadside vegetation conditions to the greatest
routine or periodic basis, provided that the limits of work do not vegetation, liability for damage to adjacent property and the
extent practical. Except for tree trimming in Section 4.4.2, the
extend beyond the limits necessary for the proper maintenance of ROWGA's R.O.W rests solely and entirely with the Permittee. The
removal, cutting, or destruction of any vegetation is prohibited
the utility facility. Grasses shall be mowed or cut to a height of not UOA must comply with all applicable Federal and Punjab
unless authorized by ROWGA for invasive, undesirable, or exot ic
less than five (5) inches and in such a manner as to promote low regulations. No application will be permitted on vegetation greater
species. A forty eight (48) hour minimum notice shall be given to
growing ground cover species. than 1.8 m or six (6) feet in height that will create an undesirable
the respective ROWGA Office prior to the performance of
operations. For all roadside work-permits in the Lahore Mowing equipment shall be so equipped and operated in a manner appearance or undesired browning or color change of vegetation.
District, approval and authorization by the Parks and to preclude the throwing of debris that would create a safety
Horticulture Authority shall also be required if and when hazard. In areas dominant in brush, the UOA may remove or cut
destruction of vegetation is expected in the ROW.

Index No. 400
MAINTENANCE OF VEGETATION 1 of 1
Special height considerations may be given to locations where federal and Punjab law, shall be maintained by the Permittee and the number of usable roadway lanes and/or lane geometry at an
physical manmade obstructions preclude or prevent the reducing provided to the ROWGA upon request. intersection changes
of vegetation to the 1.8 m or six (6) feet height.
Misuse or unsatisfactory performance results or failure to comply All changes to standards that are submitted as part of a TCP
Applications at a height of greater than 1.8 m or six (6) feet may be with these provisions constitute sufficient cause for the denial of require ROWGA approval and may require the signature of a
authorized by the ROWGA in areas with rapid plant growth or in future use of chemicals for vegetation control. qualified PEC recognized Engineer.
the control of invasive exotic vegetation providing the dead plant
material is removed, chipped, or mulched following successful 4.5 Maintenance of Traffic (Mot) 4.5.3 Training
performance of the herbicides. Vegetation that is to be maintained The Permittee is responsible for ensuring that individuals
chemically shall be treated while in the first growing season after 4.5.1 Background responsible for utility work zone traffic control planning, design,
mowing or before it has reached a height of 1.8 m or six (6) feet. implementation, inspection, and/or for supervising the selection,
Whenever work is done on or near the roadway, drivers are faced
with changing and unexpected traffic conditions. These changes placement, or maintenance of traffic control schemes and devices
The Permittee or its contractor shall not use any herbicide that is
may be hazardous for drivers, workers, and pedestrians unless strict in work zones on the Punjab Highway System have proper trai ning
labeled as restricted use or contains the active ingredient sulfonyl
protective measures are taken. as to the MOT requirements.
urea or any sulfonyl urea family of chemicals. Neither the Permittee
nor its contractor shall apply non-selective or residual herbicides to The UOA shall submit a written certification every two years that
Chapter 7 of the Traffic Control Devices in the Punjab Traffic and
roadside turf grasses or apply any chemical of any type or rate that all its employees responsible for these utility work zone activities
Transport Manual (PTTM) and Chapter 7 of the PGDM titled
causes permanent injury to desirable vegetation or that may result have been trained as to the MOT requirements. If the UOA elects
“Traffic Control Devices” shall be consulted and adhered to as the
in bare ground. Exceptions will be authorized by the ROWGA to self certify agents or subcontractors they shall list each agent or
standards for all traffic control devices, and methods used during
and/or any other related agency (s), when the treatment of invasive subcontractor with the self certification. For MOT Certification
construction, maintenance, and utility activities.
exotic vegetation is of more importance than preservation of courses, UOA is encouraged to contact the Transport Department
desirable plants. at the University of Engineering & Technology (UET).
4.5.2 Traffic Control Plan (TCP)
Where specific plants have been selected and preserved, they shall When a permit for utility installation, adjustment, or maintenance 4.5.4 Non-Compliance
be protected against damage by the herbicide treatment of adjacent activity is required, a proposed TCP shall be submitted with the
vegetation. Careless or excessive applications will not be tolerated permit application for approval. Upon notification by the ROWGA of deficiencies in the TCP or
and may lead to blacklisting and future permit denials by the other matters involving traffic safety, the Permittee shall
ROWGA. Special precautions must be taken with all herbicide The TCP should be designed and submitted based on actual field immediately make improvements as directed by the ROWGA.
applications to ensure that they are made in accordance with all conditions. However, when site conditions change significantly and
warrant a change to the approved TCP that was submitted with the Should the ROWGA deem conditions to be such that imminent
environmental considerations and associated regulations.
permit application, the Permittee is required to notify the danger is present, all work shall cease immediately and shall not
Personnel shall be trained, experienced, and competent in the ROWGA. A new TCP that reflects actual conditions shall be resume until the conditions are corrected.
particular type of work they are engaged in and licensed according designed in accordance with the standards. These are not
to applicable federal and Punjab law. Only experienced personnel
4.5.5 Requirements for Flashing Lights
engineering decisions and therefore do not require signing and
having a thorough understanding of herbicide application and the sealing by a qualified PEC recognized Engineer. However, if the Construction and maintenance vehicles used on the Punjab R.O.W
technical complexities in this field of expertise are to be allowed to standards must be significantly compromised, an alternate TCP is shall be equipped with a minimum of one (1) Class 2 amber or
apply these chemicals. required and must be prepared, signed and sealed by a qualified, white warning light that meets the requirements, incorporated
PEC recognized Transportation Engineer. A TCP shall be herein by reference, that is unobstructed by ancillary vehicle
A complete copy of the records detailing the dates, location, equipment such as ladders, racks, or booms. If ancillary equipment
developed for each project phase and stage subject to the change in
materials, rates, weather, and other relevant data, as required by obstructs the light, more than one light may be required. The lights

Index No. 400
MAINTENANCE OF TRAFFIC (MOT) 1 of 1
shall be operating when a UOA vehic le is operated in a utility work The intent is to establish criterion for placement of above ground 6. The above ground fixed object cannot be moved sufficient to
area, when a potential hazard exists, or when operating the vehicle facilities that may indirectly effect the location of underground meet the required horizontal clearance without violating other
at less than the average speed for the facility while performing facilities. For example, to achieve optimal above ground safety criteria,
maintenance activities or making frequent stops. benefits, it may be necessary to place poles in an area which
precludes the installation or requires relocation of an existing 7. Relocating the fixed object will not provide a minimum of 1.22
4.6 LOCATION CRITERIA FOR UTILITIES subsurface facility. The forced relocation of one above ground m or four (4) feet of additional horizontal clearance,
fixed object which causes the relocation of another facility will be
ON NON-LIMITED ACCESS done only when the benefit / cost analysis justifies the action to
8. Relocation forces an above ground fixed object such as a utility
or lighting pole to be located behind, into, or above existing
FACILITIES provide the public with appropriate safety benefits. The facility
trees having the growth potential to interrupt electrical service
owner shall use whatever method practical to accomplish the safety
or be considered a high maintenance condition within the life
objective.
4.6.1 Resurfacing, Restoration, & Rehabilitation of the improvements to the RRR project.
(RRR) Construction Projects 4.6.1.1 Construction Project Facility Criteria: 9. Note for purposes of this criterion, trees are defined as
(RRR) - Existing above ground fixed objects which meet RRR exceeding four (4) inches or greater in diameter, six (6) inches
General
criteria will be allowed to remain in place and no documentation is above the ground and be located such that the intended utility
Section 4.6.1 of the Chapter is to be applied only on RRR required. service cannot be provided. It is intended for this to be applied
construction projects. Use the applicable standards in other to a more or less continuous line of trees and not incidental
Existing above ground fixed objects which do not meet RRR tree locations. A few trees randomly located along a project do
sections for maintenance operations or construction projects other
criteria and have not been hit more than two (2) times in any three not justify failure to relocate. Care should be taken regarding
than RRR.
(3) consecutive years of the last five (5) years and are not in a tree trimming or removal will be considered in the evaluation
It is recognized that no set of guidelines can realistically expect all control zone, will be allowed to remain in place. of what can be done,
existing utilities to be relocated to comply with new design criteria.
Existing above ground fixed objects will be allowed to remain in 10. Relocation forces the UOA into areas without access or where
RRR criteria may be used only on RRR projects. Once the decision
place when the purchase of R.O.W by the UOA would be required room is not available for maintenance equipment to be
has been made to relocate on a RRR project, new construction
or when the following conditions, listed in the bullets in Section operated (e.g., behind canals or roadside ditches with continual
criteria are encouraged when and where it can be accomplished in a
4.6.1.1 and 4.6.1.2 are simultaneously met: standing water), or
cost effective manner considering all public and private interests.
1. When the pavement or curb limits have not changed, 11. When insufficient usable R.O.W exist.
Section 4.6.1 provides conditions and locations about which
currently permitted utility facilities which do not comply with 2. When and where the utility facility will not interfere with other
current standards may be allowed to remain in place. This does not
4.6.1.2 Clearances (RRR):
improvements,
eliminate the need for documenting or acquiring an exception Horizontal Clearance: (RRR)
where appropriate. They do not expand or allow poles to be 3. The utility facility is not located in a control zone or condition
located in areas previously prohibited, such as limited access, as defined in Section 4.6.2. For RRR projects, new construction horizontal clearance criteria
medians, gore areas, etc. This section applies to curb and gutter and set forth in this Chapter shall be used where practical when
flush shoulder and to any above ground fixed object (utility, 4. When any one or more of the conditions exist described in the relocation of an above ground fixed object is required. On urban
lighting, sign, or signal poles inclusive of controller cabinets) bullets listed immediately below: RRR projects with curb or curb and gutter in restricted R.O.W
sufficient to cause serious damage upon impact by an errant areas, the clearance may be reduced to one and one half (1.5) feet
5. When the benefit to cost ratio of relocation is less than 2,
vehicle. from the face of the curb or six (6) feet from the edge of the
traveled-way to the nearest edge of the above ground fixed object.

Index No. 400
4.1LOCATION CRITERIA FOR UTILITIES ON NON-LIMITED ACCESS FACILITIES 1 of 2
When the minimum 0.3 and 0.46 m or one and one half (1.5) feet General Notes: is to be taken from the point of intersection of the trailing
from the face of the curb or 1.8 m or six (6) feet from the edge of curve),
the traveled-way is met, no exception is required unless the above 1. When relocation is required to meet minimum clear zone
ground fixed object would be located in a control zone. requirements, consideration should be given to providing new 5. For a distance of 30 m or one hundred (100) feet measured
construction widths. downstream from the point of intersection of a full lane
Clear Zone: (RRR) termination with a skewed merge section within the new
2. Clear zone widths are for side slopes 1:4 and flatter. For construction horizontal clearance distance (It is assumed the
Clear zone requirements for RRR projects with flush shoulders are steeper slopes, provide additional clear zone. edge of pavement is not constructed on a reverse curve. If it is
outlined in Tab;e 4.7. These clear zone requirements also apply to constructed on a reverse curve, the measurement is to be taken
curbed facilities in non-restricted R.O.W areas. Any above ground 3. Clear zone width is measured from the edge of the traveled-
from the point of intersection of the leading curve).
fixed object located within the clear zone should be removed, way.
properly shielded allowing for barrier displacement, or made crash 6. For a distance of 0.9 m or 0.9 m or three (3) feet from a
** May be reduced to < forty five (70) km/h widths if conditions
worthy, or an exception obtained for noncompliance with Manual driveway flare within the new construction horizontal clearance
more nearly approach those for low speed of sixty 60 km/h or less.
criteria. Shielding or making an object crash worthy may still distance at the intersection of a dedicated intersecting service
require an exception because these measures may also be 4.6.2 Control Zones or Conditions for RRR: facility such as an alley way or easement.
considered hazards. Clear zone as used by the Manual does not
Control zones are areas in which it can be statistically shown that 7. For a distance of 0.9 m or 0.9 m or three (3) feet from a
apply when curb or curb and gutter is adjacent to the traveled-way
accidents are more likely to involve departure from the roadway driveway flare within the new construction horizontal clearance
in restricted R.O.W areas. For these lo cations, horizontal clearance
with greater frequency of contact with above ground fixed objects. distance at the entrance turnout for use other than a private
criteria are used to establish the minimum offset to an above
They extend outward from the pavement to the limits of new residence.
ground fixed object. Clear zones must be adjusted for the effects of
shoulder slopes. Adjustments due to shoulder slope are the same as construction criteria and are further described as follows:
8. The area on the outside of a curve when the operating speed
with new construction and are described in Table 4.7. 1. An above ground fixed object having been hit more than two exceeds 56 km/h or downstream of a kink in the alignment for
(2) times within three (3) consecutive years in the last five (5) a distance of 30 m or one hundred (100) feet. In each case the
Table 4.7: RRR Clear Zone (m) - Flush Shoulders and
Curbed Sections in Non-restricted R.O.W Areas years, unless it can be determined that the problem can be area falls within the new construction horizontal clearance
remedied through the project scope, distance unless protected by a barrier. For curves, if the radius
exceeds 915 m or three thousand (3,000) feet, no control zone
Design Speed Travel Lanes & Auxiliary Lanes 2. Within the return radii of an intersecting street and the new exists, and control zone requirements do not apply. For kinks
(km/h) Multi-Lane & Single Lane construction horizontal clearance distance, in the alignment, if the kink is less than five (5) degrees, no
Ramps Ramps
control zone exists specifically for the kink and therefore
< 70 1.8 1.8 3. For “T” intersections (on the non-intersection side) within the
70* * 4.3 2.44 control zone requirements for kinks do not apply.
area defined by a line through the center of the return radii and
> 70 5.5 2.44 return point of tangent extended across the street to the 4.6.3 Transportation Facilities Other Than Limited
R.O.W limits,
NOTE: Access or RRR
4. For a distance of 30 m or one hundred (100) feet measured
Design Speed is shown in the Table. However, Posted Speed may downstream from the point of intersection of a right turn 1. Utility/Light Poles - All new utility/light pole installations shall
be used as default criteria for areas where the Design Speed is not deceleration lane and where full lane width is achieved within comply with this Chapter horizontal clearance and clear zone
published. Design Speed shall be used when available. criteria. On construction projects where the Permittee cannot
the new construction horizontal clearance distance (It is
assumed the edge of pavement is not constructed on a reverse meet these requirements, the designer shall determine what
curve. If it is constructed on a reverse curve, the measurement additional safety requirements are needed. If the pole

Index No. 400
4.1LOCATION CRITERIA FOR UTILITIES ON NON-LIMITED ACCESS FACILITIES 2 of 2
placement is not related to a construction project, the 4.6.4 Restricted & Non-Restricted R.O.W Area Guy wire anchors are considered to be fixed objects when they
requirement for compliance with this Chapter horizontal extend more than four (4) inches in height above the ground
These designations have resulted from the need to recognize that
clearance and clear zone criteria is still effective. (An exception surface.
standard criteria cannot be reasonably applied where existing
may be requested from the ROWGA.
infrastructure makes it impractical, or not economically feasible to 2. For the purpose, frangible base poles will be accepted if in
2. Parallel (Underground) - Parallel underground installations comply with all minimum horizontal clearance or clear zone accordance with the AASHTO Design Specification:
require a minimum vertical clearance of 0.9 m or thirty six (36) requirements. Non-compliance will require obtaining an exception Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for
inches below the top of pavement and 0.76 m or thirty (30) from the ROWGA or the facilities must be brought into Highway Signs, Luminaries, and Traffic Signals, 4 th
inches below the existing unpaved ground, including ditch compliance. The exception must address the specific item (s) in Edition, with 2002, 2003, and 2006 Interims.
grade. Where provided by law, oth er governmental agencies, non-compliance and is only required for those areas in which the
rail facilities, and Punjab, local, and federal standards may ROWGA has a planned project or there is an established crash 3. On projects where the utility or other obstruction is in conflict
require a greater clearance. In rural areas, installation normally history requiring resolution. with the sidewalk and, in the case of utility poles, would create
will not be between edge of pavement and outer edge of slope. a conflict with requirements, the minimum criteria may be
On RRR projects with a curb or curb and gutter section, some found for new construction and for RRR construction. The
Installations will be as near the R.O.W line as practical, taking
areas along the project may not have sufficient border width to Permittee shall ensure that a minimum 0.8 m or thirty two (32)
into account existing overhead facilities and the desire to locate
permit utilities to locate or relocate above ground fixed objects to inch width is maintained on sidewalks.
future pole facilities as far from the pavement as practical.
the desired or minimum horizontal clearance or clear zone
Underground facilities should not be located in areas near the
requirements. These areas are termed Restricted R.O.W Areas. 4. Where practical, excavation will not be allowed within 2.4 m or
R.O.W normally used by pole facilities, when practical.
Examples of when this would apply are when insufficient R.O.W eight (8) feet of the edge of the pavement.
Minimum depth requirement may vary if the utility is buried
exists, buildings exist with little or no set back from the R.O.W, or
under the sidewalk or bike path and not adjoining the roadway 5. Clearances for above ground lines that are parallel to the
the method of construction or design does not permit the base of
facility. Utility placement shall accommodate future pavement R.O.W will be 4.9 m or sixteen (16) feet minimum except
the above ground fixed object to be located as desired.
widening. This normally would occur within 3.65 m or twelve where side roads connect to the Punjab transportation system,
(12) feet of the existing pavement. In contrast, Non-Restricted R.O.W Areas represent those areas in which case 5.5 m or eighteen (18) feet minimum is required.
along a project (regardless of project type or typical section) where
3. Installations must meet the minimum requirements. Aerial 6. These criteria shall not be applied to a minor segment of an
sufficient border width does exist and would accommodate utilities
crossings are permitted and will have a minimum of 5.5 m or existing utility installation in such manner as to result in
to locate above ground fixed objects in compliance with minimum
eighteen (18) feet vertical clearance over the roadway. Where misalignment of the installation or adjustment of the entire
horizontal clearance or clear zone requirements. In order to
provided by law, other gover nmental agencies, rail facilities, installation.
provide for the safest project conditions, Utilities are encouraged to
and Punjab, local and federal Standards may require a greater
establish their clear zone and horizontal clearance requirements 7. Manholes and valve boxes shall be outside the travel way and
clearance. The greater clearance required prevails as the rule.
during or prior to the project scoping in accordance with the any bike lanes, to the greatest extent practical. The manhole ring,
4. Crossing (Underground) - Underground crossings require a future Work Program. cover, and pad must support the traffic for the area where it is
minimum vertical clearance of 0.9 m or thirty six (36) inches being constructed and shall be set flush with the finished
below top of pavement and 0.76 m or thirty (30) inches below 4.7 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS grade.
unpaved ground line, including ditch grade. Where provided by 1. Devices such as signal strain poles, fire hydrants (where
law other governmental agencies, rail facilities, and Punjab, practical), down guys, telephone load pedestals, and other 8. Out of Service or Deactivated Underground Utility
Local and Federal codes may require a greater clearance. items whose construction and size would cause extensive Facilities Out of service or deactivated underground utility
damage to a vehicle if struck are to be located according to the facilities will be allowed to remain in place upon execution and
evaluation of a permit, except when the ROWGA determines
same horizontal clearance standards applied to utility poles.
the utility's presence creates the conditions mentioned below

Index No. 400
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 1 of 2
9. As a condition of the issuance of a permit for such facility, the 6. When and where multiple conduits are pulled to construct new 12. Conventional methods of trenching or "plowing" in utility
Permittee shall maintain and furnish the ROWGA upon duct systems, access points such as manholes or hand pulls facilities are acceptable on so long as such methods will not
request, survey records of the facility's location and type of shall be limited to placement over the ducts in line, and shall adversely affect pavement, base, other transportation facilities,
material. Such underground facilities shall be shown on utility minimize obstruction of the R.O.W use by others. Multiple or other permitted facilities in accordance with the approved
work / relocation plans required by the ROWGA. access points on a duct system may not be any closer than 15 method of construction.
m or fifty (50) feet to minimize impact to the overall R.O.W
Deactivated underground gas line limits shall be shown on the infrastructure. This requirement is not intended to cause 13. The preferred methods for crossings under pavement or other
utility plans. The limits to remain shall also be stated in the utility sharing of manholes between power and non-power users. facilities are jack/bore and directional boring. Jack and bore
work schedule. and directional boring operations shall comply with the
7. No concrete foundation for whatever purpose shall be allowed approved method (See Appendix B). The Permittee shall be
a. Compromises safety at any time for any facility user, or to be constructed more than four (4) inches above the existing responsible for the appropriateness and success of the
during construction and maintenance operations, grade. methods and standards used.
b. Prevents another utility facility from locating in the area 8. All new or replacement installations of all types that would 14. Open cutting of existing pavement should only be used when
when other alternative locations are not available, obstruct any portion of the sight window a width of more than directional bore and jack/bore are not feasible.
fifteen (15) inches, should be evaluated to minimize sight
c. Creates a maintenance condition that would be disruptive 15. The Permittee shall be responsible for damages to all roads
to the transportation facility's use or add cost to ROWGA window obstruction. Non-compliance does not require
submittal of an exception. caused by its work, and shall make immediate repairs necessary
improvements which are not paid for by the UOA. to return the transportation facility to its condition prior to any
9. If any utility relocation is necessary to provide entrance or utility work.
4.7.1 Utility Appurtenances
service within the transportation facility from adjacent
1. Should be aesthetically acceptable and in compliance with property, the relocation expense should be borne by the 16. All pipe materials and joints shall comply with the greater of
industry standards. Permittee who initiates the requirement for relocation and shall either the industry standard requirement for the intended use
not reduce compensable rights, if any, granted by any prior when defined. All welded joints shall be full depth welds.
2. Shall be placed so as to create minimum interference with the permit. (This does not apply to public designated R.O.W, e.g.,
functional and maintenance operation of the transportation 17. All utility facilities previously placed out of service and left in
District roads, city streets, parks.) If a dispute arises, the
facility. place, that are returned to service other than for a temporary
relocation expense should be considered a matter between the
emergency or construction expediency, will require a new
3. Must not conflict with other existing facilities. property owner and the prior Permittee. In the case of an
permit. The new permit shall at a minimum state the type and
unresolved dispute, the final location will be determined by the
size of the facility, general location, and identify the limits of
4. Shall be located as close to the R.O.W limits as practical. ROWGA.
reactivation. No cross sections, profiles, or additional
5. New underground utility facilities less than 9 m or thirty (30) 10. All new or replaced underground facilities within the R.O.W engineering support information supplied in the original permit
feet from the edge of pavement, excluding those considered shall be made electronically detectable using techniques on the existing facility will be required. If the utility facility to
not in traffic areas of curb and gutter sections, shall be available in the Industry or as per approved criteria. be placed out of service and left in place contains voids, such
designed to carry traffic. Those located in non-traffic areas of Dv d slsh frqgxlw dqg wkh idflolw\·v vwuxfwxudo lqwhjulw\ lv
curb and gutter sections and those located greater than 9 m or 11. Contractor personnel qualified for removal, encapsulation, or questionable, the ROWGA shall require it to be filled with
thirty (30) feet from the edge of pavement shall be designed to enclosure of materials containing asbestos shall be engaged excavatable flow able. If the ROWGA has no concerns
support the maintenance equipment. where asbestos products are identified so as to avoid human regarding structural integrity of the facility, it may be left open.
exposure. The workers shall have at least powered air purifying If the ROWGA elects to have the facility filled, at the option
respirator (PAPR) protection during the exposure periods. of the UOA in lieu of filling it, as-built plans must be provided

Index No. 400
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 2 of 2
to the ROWGA that show mutually a greeable information to alignment, and location of storm drain lines are areas that can accomplish the locates as a matter of expediency. The UOA shall
document the location of the facility for possible future sometimes be varied without violating safety standards and design coordinate with the ROWGA to assure the most up to date utility
reactivation and include a certification from the UOA and criteria. Design features that reduce or avoid utility conflicts may information is available to the ROWGA for actual field
prepared by a qualified PEC Engineer that states the facility is involve increased cost; however, those costs may be offset by verification. Once a project is under construction, additional
structurally sound and leaving it in place will not damage the savings in construction time, claims, delays, and supplemental locates may be necessary. The UOA must coordinate with the
roadway for the design life of the facility. agreements. It is therefore essential to all parties to understand the ROWGA to determine if the ROWGA will assume any
accuracy required in locating existing utilities in the field and responsibility for locates during construction.
18. A separate permit is required for the placement of any identify who is responsible for gathering the data.
antennae on the exterior of any utility appurtenance. This Quality Levels of locates are defined in Section 4.8.3. It is the
provision does not apply to the installation of antennae for 4.8.2 Responsibility responsibility of the utility owner to provide up through a Quality
remote communication or switching devices to operate or Level “B” locates on request. In some instances the utility owner
The UOA is required to and responsible for obtaining a utility
maintain a utility facility. can provide Quality Level “A” locate information. If Quality Level
permit and developing any associated project work schedule for the
“A” locate information is necessary and cannot be provided by the
19. No new utility structure or cabinet whether located above or installation and maintenance of utility facilities within the R.O.W of
utility owner, the measurement and documentation for Quality
below ground, that contains any liquid petroleum fuel for back- any road. These documents require the UOA to locate as necessary Level “A” locate will be obtained by the ROWGA, consultants, or
up power sources, may be installed. Existing fuel sources (not any of its utilities by exposing and or furnishing survey elevations
others by established agreement.
facilities) must be evaluated for relocation when the as necessary to accommodate construction. The ROWGA regards
transportation facility is reconstructed. These provisions do the determination of the location of existing utilities on ROWGA Existing major underground utilities suspected of being located
not apply to utility facilities that exist or have prior property R.O.W as a cooperative effort between the ROWGA and the within 0.9 m or three (3) feet of proposed construction operations
rights unless expressly prohibited in a subordination UOA. The degree of effort on the part of the ROWGA and the that would threaten the utility should be considered for Quality
agreement. utility owner will vary with the type of project, the utility, and Level “A” locate information. The decision to allow utilities to
availability of existing location information. This coordination must remain within 0.9 m or three (3) feet of new construction
20. The construction or installation of any new utility lift, pump, or begin as soon as the P&D Department or a City District operations will be made by the ROWGA in consultation with
power generating station is not permitted within the R.O.W in Government(s) announces its Future Work Program . appropriate construction personnel.
excess of 2.27 cubic meter or eighty (80) cubic feet. These
provisions do not apply to existing utility facilities or those that At a minimum, identifying the location and providing properly The UOA is required to respond to and furnish information
have prior property rights unless expressly prohibited. formatted support documentation of existing major utilities is regarding the location of its facilities in a reasonable format
required on new construction, reconstruction, and add lane determined by the ROWGA and in a timely manner. Unless
4.8 UTILITY SURVEY projects. Major existing utilities are those principal underground otherwise stated, at a minimum this shall be interpreted to mean
and aerial utilities that potentially conflict with construction the UOA will plot the location of its facilities on roadway plans in
4.8.1 General activities and scheduling. It is the responsibility of the utility owner accordance with the Color Code for location and disposition of
to identify and provide locates for major utilities within the facilities and return them to the specified engineer. When the UOA
In order to minimize the cost and impact upon the ROWGA and ROWGA right of way. While it is legally the responsibility of the already has and uses compatible software, and when the ROWGA
the UOA, established procedures for determining the level of UOA to physically locate all of its utilities and provide that furnishes the base CADD document to work from, the UOA shall
accuracy of a utility survey have been developed. information to the ROWGA, for construction projects the furnish CADD markups in the appropriate color code.
ROWGA, with the assistance of the agencies and construction
These are termed "level of locates" and are contained in this The Color Code to be applied to construction and design plans
personnel, should be consulted to determine the locations and
section. The ROWGA will attempt to accommodate all existing
quality levels of locate where utility information is known to be that shall represent the disposition of utilities is as follows:
utilities and new utilities to be constructed concurrently with a
needed. The ROWGA may at its option initiate an actual survey
project. The selection of typical section features, horizontal
using its own forces or under a design / surveying contract to

Index No. 400
UTILITY SURVEY 1 of 2
Red ² Existing utility facilities to be removed or relocated 4.8.3 Locates utility data, active, placed out of service, size, condition, number of
horizontally to some other location, or existing facilities to be jointly buried cables, and encasement.
The following identifies the key elements within the quality level of
Placed out Of Service (Deactivated) but left in place.
utility locates in ascending order about which Subsurface Utility Quality Level “C” locates are information obtained to augment
Green ² Existing utility facilities to remain in place with no Engineering is applied: Quality Level “D” information. This involves topographic
adjustment. surveying of visible, above ground utility features such as poles,
Quality Level “D” - Existing Records
hydrants, valve boxes, circuit breaker s, etc. If previously surveyed,
Brown ² Existing utility facilities that are to be adjusted vertically Quality Level “C” - Surface Visible Feature Survey check survey accuracy and completeness for applicability with the
but to remain in the same horizontal alignment or completely new existing project. Correlate applicable utility records to the surveyed
facilities to be installed. Quality Level “B” - Designating features, taking into account the geometries and indications on the
NOTE: Quality Level “A” - Locating records of these surface features. Determine when records and
features do not agree and resolve discrepancies. Additional
In addition to the color code, the limits of the facilities to be A detailed description of the scope of work to be included to resolution may result from consultation with UOAs.
removed, relocated, adjusted, or placed out of service (deactivated) achieve the various Quality Levels follows:
shall be delineated. If the work is associated with a construction
Quality Level “C” may be appropriately used early in the
Quality Level “D” locates are information obtained solely from a development of a project and will provide better data than Quality
project, utility delineation will be shown by station.
review of utility records for facilities that may be affected by the
Level “D” information alone. Designers cannot be sure their
For all other permitted work, the limits shall be delineated by project. The comprehensiveness and accuracy of such information design is appropriate nor can construction proceed without caution
distance from a well established point such as the center of an is highly limited. Even when existing information for a utility in a when using information for underground utilities based only on
intersection, center of a RR, etc. When underground utilities are Quality Level “D” and “C” locates.
particular area is accurate, there are often other underground
granted access to limited access R.O.W by the exception process, systems that are not shown on any records. Quality Level “B” locates are information obtained to augment
certified as-builts must be provided as a condition of the permit.
Quality Level “D” may be appropriate for use early in the Quality Level “C” information. Quality Level “B” locates are
All exceptions requesting use of any limited access R.O.W will
development of a project to determine the presence of utilities. information obtained through the use of designating technologies
require a certified as-built survey and plan signed and sealed by a
Applicable records may include previous construction plans in the (e.g., geophysical prospecting technologies). This is an application
PEC registered Engineer.
area, conduit maps, direct-buried cable records, distribution maps, using scanning technologies, most of which have very specific
Land Surveying and Mapping. When as-built plans are required, transmission maps, service record cards, “as-builts” and record capabilities and limitations that vary with site conditions. Applying
they shall be submitted to the ROWGA Office no later than thirty drawings, field notes; District, city, UOA or other geographic a variety of techniques is essential to the process of preparing a
(45) days following the completion of the permitted installation. information system databases, circuit diagrams, or oral histories. comprehensive horizontal map of utilities and other underground
The records should be reviewed for indications of additional structures on the site. Designating technologies are capable of
Whenever the UOA already has and uses compatible CADD providing reasonable horizontal information but provide limited
available records, duplicate information and credibility of such
software, and as-built plans are required, they shall be provided in vertical information. Mark the indications of utilities on the ground
duplicate information, and need for clarification by UOA's. The
an electronic format. The plans shall describe the facility in detail surface for subsequent survey. Care should be taken to differentiate
end product of a Quality Level “D” would be a utility composite
and in accordance with this Chapter. markings placed on the ground for design purposes from those
drawing or equivalent. The engineer should also make professional
judgments regarding the validity and location of topographic placed on the ground for damage prevention purposes. Survey all
Underground facilities shall be indicated in their location in the
features on records versus current topographic features (when markings that indicate the presence of a subsurface utility. This
horizontal and vertical plane. For aerial facilities, elevation data is
available) and conflicting reference of utilities. The engineer should survey should be to the accuracy and precision dictated by the
not required.
project's survey control and shall depict all designated utilities.
indicate the quality levels, utility type and /or ownership, date of
depiction, accuracy of depicted appurtenances, end points of any
Correlate the designated utilities' depictions with utility records

Index No. 400
UTILITY SURVEY 2 of 2
markings that indicate the presence of a subsurface utility. This 5. The benchmarks and/or project survey data used to determine 5. Rails, Trails, and Bikeways - These type facilities will be treated
survey should be to the accuracy and precision dictated by the elevations in the same manner as limited access facilities for purposes of
project’s survey control and shall depict all designated utilities. accessibility. However, for criteria purposes, new construction
Correlate the designated utilities’ depictions with utility records 6. The paving thickness and type, where applicable. standards will be applied and adjusted as appropriate.
and/or surveyed appurtenances to identify utilities that may exist
7. The general soil type and site conditions. 6. For survey and as-built requirements see Section 4.8.2.
but were not able to be designated. Resolve differences between
designated utilities and surveyed appurtenances. Recommend to 8. All such other pertinent information as is reasonably 7. Any new longitudinal installations on limited access R.O.W are
the project owner additional measures to resolve differences if they ascertainable from each test whole site. Resolve differences permitted only by exception and must be approved by the
still exist. between depicted Quality Level “A” data and other quality ROWGA.
levels.
Quality Level “A” locates provide the highest level of accuracy of
4.9.2 Permitted Utility Activities on Limited
utility locations in three dimensions. This Quality Level may apply 4.8.4 Subsurface Utility Engineering (SUE)
manual, mechanical, or nondestructive (e.g., vacuum excavation) Access Facilities Posted Speed >80 Km/h
methods to physically expose utilities for measurement and data SUE is more than an established engineering technology that can
recording. Quality Levels “B”, “C”, and “D” locates are provide horizontal and vertical locations of underground utilities to
incorporated in Quality Level “A” locates. The designer should produce an accurate picture of underground infrastructure. The 4.9.2.1 Utility/Light Poles
obtain Quality Level “A” locates at highway/utility c onflict points UOA should determine if the location of its facilities will be All new utility/light pole installation locations shall be in
where verified information is necessary. Select an appropriate obtained under the design, construction, and maintenance accordance with the new construction criteria.
method of gathering data that will achieve the accuracies and activities.
precision required by the project. These accuracies are currently 4.9.2.2 Crossing (Aerial)
typically set to one half (0.5) inch vertical and to applicable
4.9 ACCOMMODATION OF UTILITIES
Aerial crossings require twenty four 7.3 m or (24) feet minimum
horizontal survey and mapping accuracy as defined by the project ON LIMITED ACCESS R.O.W vertical clearance over limited access facilities. Other governmental
owner. Excavate test holes exposing the utility to be measured in agencies, rail facilities, and provincial, local, and federal standards
such a manner that protects the integrity of the utility to be may require a greater clearance. The greater clearance required
4.9.1 Limited Access Policy
measured. Comply with applicable utility damage prevention prevails. No poles or structures will be permitted within R.O.W of
standards, permits, and specifications and coordinate with UOA 1. This policy applies to all limited access R.O.W use on the the main travel way.
and other inspectors, as required. Determine Punjab Transportation System except for utility facilities
required for operating and providing service to facilities on 4.9.2.3 Crossing (Underground)
1. The horizontal and vertical location of the top and/or bottom limited access R.O.W. Underground crossings require a minimum vertical clearance of
of the utility referenced to the project survey datum
1.22 m or forty eight (48) inches below the pavement surface of the
2. The Limited Access Policy prohibits new utilities from locating
2. The elevation of the existing grade over the utility at a test hole longitudinally within limited access R.O.W. limited access facility. For other connecting or crossing highways
referenced to the project survey datum located within the limited access or controlled access zone, 0.9 m
3. All utility accommodations other than existing or new or thirty six (36) inches below the pavement surface, or 0.76 m or
3. The outside diameter of the utility and configuration of non- longitudinal encroachments approved by exception to the thirty (30) inches below unpaved ground, including ditch grade, is
encased, multi-conduit systems. Limited Access Policy on limited access R.O.W shall comply required. Other governmental agencies, rail facilities, and Punjab,
with standards and criteria set forth in this Chapter. local, and federal standards may require a greater clearance. After
4. The utility structure material composition, when reasonably
the pavement has been constructed, no open cuts will be allowed.
ascertainable. 4. The Limited Access Policy prohibits utility attachments to Where a high- pressure gas or volatile fuel line is located under an
bridge structures on limited access R.O.W. bridge, attachments shall comply with this Chapter.

Index No. 400
4.1ACCOMMODATION OF UTILITIES ON LIMITED ACCESS R.O.W 1 of 2
Refer to Section 4.7 regarding alternative methods of underground 4.9.5.2 Access for Construction of Facilities 4.9.5.6 Power, Phone or Other Utilities to Serve
installation.
Towers - access for construction will be the same as that allowed in Equipment Buildings or Related Facilities
the Criteria for Placement; no mainline access will be allowed
4.9.3 Telecommunications Facilities on Limited Power to the equipment building/related facilities may be brought
without the permission of the ROWGA and the NHA.
to a drop pole on ROWGA R.O.W adjacent to the fence and then
Access R.O.W
Underground wire-line / conduit and manholes / pull-boxes - be run underground to the equipment building or related facility.
The ROWGA will consider proposals to install facilities on its access for placement will be allowed from the mainline. All utility runs will not be allowed longitudinally inside the R.O.W.
limited access highway rights of way.
Buildings and above ground appurtenances - access for installing 4.9.5.7 Criteria for Wireless Telecommunication
The ROWGA actions in this area will be consistent with the buildings and other above ground features will be the same as that Placement
provisions of the Punjab's present and future traffic and allowed in the Criteria for Placement.
transportation management communications requirements, Towers, Buildings, and Other Above Ground
contingent upon safety and engineering determinations. 4.9.5.3 Access to Facilities for Maintenance Appurtenances
4.9.4 Criteria for Placement of Telecommunication Access to completed facilities for routine service visits and Towers, shelter buildings and other above ground
maintenance activities will be by the same method as that allowed appurtenances will be located as far as possible from the edge
Facilities on Limited Access Rights Of Way in the Criteria for Placement. Access to completed facilities from of traveled way, immediately adjacent to the tower, and
The placement of wireless (communication towers) or wire-line the mainline for expansion, routine servicing, or maintenance is immediately adjacent to the R.O.W fence; in no case shall any
facilities on limited access rights of way (R.O.W) will be in allowed. However, maintenance of traffic (MOT) shall be in above ground appurtenances be built within the clear zone.
accordance with the criteria below. This criteria applies to the accordance with this manual & PTTM. The preferred locations listed below, in order of preference,
physical construction of the towers, fiber placement, buildings, will be considered for placement:
4.9.5.4 Construction Work Zone Maintenance of
related appurtenances, routine service visits, and maintenance
activities. Traffic (MOT) 1. Along the mainline, as close as possible to the R.O.W fence,
with access from outside the R.O.W for construction. Access
Industry providers, vendors, and their subcontractors will follow
4.9.5 General Criteria for Wireless and Wire-line for maintenance activities may be either outside or from the
the same methods for MOT as that used by the approved
mainline.
Telecommunication Facilities construction and maintenance practices and shall comply with the
Manual & PTTM. 2. Within weigh stations, with access from the parking lot or
4.9.5.1 General Access ramps.
4.9.5.5 Clear Zone Preservation
Integrity of access points and location of the R.O.W fence will be 3. Within interchange areas, with access from outside the limited
In all cases, locating towers, buildings, and other types of above
maintained. Access through the R.O.W fence for towers located access R.O.W and connecting ramps, e.g., access is from
ground appurtenances will be located 15 m from the edge of
off the R.O.W will not be allowed. Facilities located along the frontage roads or crossroads.
traveled way, when possible. No above ground appurtenances will
mainline will be enclosed by a fence tied into the existing R.O.W
be permitted within the clear zone. A minimum distance of 15 m
fence so as to not break the continuity of the R.O.W fence. Access 4. Within interchange areas, with access from the left side of the
from the edge of traveled way should be the standard where
to these areas will be through a locked gate. ramp. This does not include loop ramps.
possible. Above ground appurtenances will not be placed in
locations that require new barriers to maintain a safe clear zone. 5. Within aesthetic areas such as rest areas or welcome centers,
with access from the parking lot or ramps.

Index No. 400
4.1ACCOMMODATION OF UTILITIES ON LIMITED ACCESS R.O.W 2 of 2
4.9.5.8 Criteria for Wire-line Telecommunication 7. Within aesthetic areas such as rest areas or welcome centers, ROWGA R.O.W. This is to ensure cost effective and sound
with access from the parking lot or ramps. engineering principles are applied.
Placement
Buried Fiber Optics Cable Underground Devices - Manholes, Pull-boxes, etc The Exception process is not solely to be applied to ROWGA
roadway projects. Any time a Utility cannot comply with policy,
The cable/conduit will be placed within a maximum 3.0 m or Underground devices requiring any type of routine service or site criteria, or standards contained within this Chapter, an Exception is
10 feet utility strip located immediately adjacent to the visit will not be allowed within the clear zone. In no case will required before the request will be permitted.
existing R.O.W line, only on one side in one direction of the underground devices be located within paved areas, including
shoulders. The preferred placement locations are listed below, in In instances where the ROWGA enters into an agreement for joint
roadway R.O.W. For aerial spanning of crossroads, utility use of pole facility for lighting or the location of the poles are
order of preference:
poles/guide wires are allowed provided the poles/wires can established by lighting requirements contrary to clear zone or
be placed near the R.O.W limits/R.O.W fence, parallel to the 1. Near R.O.W limits/fence. horizontal clearance requirements, the preparation of the required
mainline and outside the clear zone. Exception shall be the responsibility of the ROWGA and not the
2. Between fence and ditch back-slope.
UOA. In those cases where specific guidelines are not defined and
Equipment Buildings/Other Above Ground the criteria cannot be complied with, the UOA must relocate or
3. Ditch back-slope.
Appurtenances apply for an Exception through the ROWGA.
4. Front-slope - between ditch and outside edge of shoulder.
Shelter buildings and other appurtenances will be located as close It is the responsibility of the UOA to initiate a request for an
as practical to the utility strip but in no case within the clear zone.
4.10 EXCEPTIONS Exception when compliance with criteria, standard, or policy
The preferred placement locations are listed below, in order of cannot be achieved. It is also the responsibility of the UOA who is
preference: requesting an Exception to develop the documentation and submit
4.10.1 Exceptions: (Applicable To All Types of
it to the ROWGA for processing and approval. If the utility design
1. Along the mainline, as close as practical to the R.O.W fence,
Work) or relocation is being prepared by forces other than the UOA, the
with access from outside the R.O.W for construction and from
Conditions may arise or exist in the field that make it impractical or submittal must be signed and sealed by a qualified PEC licensed
the mainline for maintenance.
cost prohibitive to comply with a particular design criteria or professional engineer. All Exception requests shall comply with the
2. Within weigh stations, with access from the parking lot or standard. Where compliance with a Policy, roadway design criteria documentation and study requirements contained in Section 4.10.5
ramps. or standard is impractical, an “Exception” must be obtained. of the Chapter.
Exceptions may be requested from criteria or standards. This shall also include any services required to substantiate the
3. Within Interchange areas, with access from outside the limited
Exceptions are not to be interpreted as compromising safety or request with the following exceptions:
access R.O.W and connecting ramps, e.g., access is from
quality.
frontage roads or crossroads.
To the extent it is not prohibited by law, the ROWGA will furnish
The roadway design criteria and standards usually fall within the to the UOA, upon request, a copy of any safety study
4. Within interchange areas, with access from the left side of the
desirable ranges established by AASHTO and govern the design accomplished for a project under consideration for improvement,
ramp. This does not include loop ramps.
process. When it becomes necessary to deviate from the criteria,
5. Within interchange ramp infield areas, with access from left early documentation and approval is required. When criteria are To the extent it is not prohibited by law, the ROWGA will furnish
side of the ramp. met, no Exception is required. to the UOA, upon request, a copy of any information related to its
future Work Program.
6. Within interchange areas, inside loop ramps, with access from This manual furnishes a formal process for the documentation and
the left side of the ramp. approval of deviations from criteria and standards used within the To expedite the approval of Exceptions it is important that the
correct approval process be used. The specific documentation and

Index No. 400
EXCEPTIONS 1 of 5
approval requirements for an Exception must be met. The UOA 4.10.4 Coordination of Exceptions 1. Description
must clearly document the action taken and approval given.
In order to allow time to research alternatives and begin the 2. Safety Impacts
Construction Project related Exception requests shall be processed
analysis and documentation of activities, it is critical that
through the ROWGA Office.
Exceptions be identified as early in the process as practical. This is 3. Benefit / Cost Assessment
In the event an Exception request has been denied by an ROWGA preferably done during the feasibility phase for major projects and
4. Conclusion and Recommendation
and the UOA believes the denial to be unreasonable, a redress during the scope development phase for minor projects.
process has been developed. Prior to pursuing this process, the The above information is to be attached in full and summarized if
When the need for an exception has been determined, the
UOA must have supplied the appr opriate support documentation possible.
responsible agency (s) must coordinate with the appropriate
in a timely manner and in accordance with this Chapter.
persons identified above to obtain conceptual concurrence and any 4.10.6 General Exception Considerations:
4.10.2 Types of Exceptions: required documentation requested.
The following considerations are for guidance and do not reflect
Exceptions are required when any one of the following criteria or For exceptions requiring full Federal oversight, the UOA must also every scenario. They are for the purposes of establishing
policies described that are not complied with or by policy requires coordinate with NHA to obtain conceptual concurrence and any consistency in application and decision making. The ROWGA and
an Exception prior to access or use: required documentation requested by NHA. the UOA should look beyond what is provided herein as the
specific site conditions warrant with a view to providing or
1. Vertical Clearance Exception approval should be obtained no later than the initial
improving safety where practical. Both the UOA and the ROWGA
engineering phase. The later in the design phase an Exception is
2. Horizontal Clearance are encouraged to discuss and mutually agree upon the basis of
sought, the less likely it can be accommodated without having
decisions which exceed those contained herein.
adverse affects on the project.
3. Limited Access R.O.W Use (L/A R.O.W, Rails, Trails,
Bikeways) In the design and permitting process, many considerations are
4.10.5 Justification and Documentation of appropriate to evaluate the reasonableness of approving an
4. Control Zone Use Exceptions exception. Designers and Utilities should be familiar with all
exhibits describing decision processes and control zones to
5. Clear Zone The objective of the Utility is to demonstrate to the ROWGA that improve safety and establish uniformity of application. Exhibits are
the cost of relocating is greater than the benefit. This is a provided for general and specific cases and types of construction.
6. MSE Walls benefit/cost assessment. A benefit/cost assessment is not always Caution is advised since some conditions are acceptable for existing
required if other determining factors are such that a decision can be infrastructure but would not be approved for new construction.
4.10.3 Concurrence and Approval of Exceptions
made without this effort. When a benefit/cost assessment is Some typical concerns that must be addressed to properly
On projects, Exceptions are recommended by the UOA or the necessary, the AASHTO Roadside Design Guide shall be used understand the pros and cons of making a decision include criteria,
responsible agency for approval by the ROWGA. A public or for flush pavement roadway sections. Either the Roadside safety, function, and benefit to cost ratio. These are generalizations.
private utility may submit to the ROWGA a completed Exception Every site under consideration has a unique environment and set of
package for work designed by the Utility's own forces. Design Guide or empirical methods (at the UOA's option) must be
used for curbed roadway sections. An assessment should include conditions to evaluate. It is impossible to address all scenarios that
Exceptions for locating on all Facilities must be approved by the any added benefits of meeting the criteria. All exception requests may exist. For this reason it is not appropriate to say under certain
ROWGA. Any exception that reduces vertical clearance over shall include documentation sufficient to justify the request and conditions an exception will always be given. Similarly it cannot be
National Highways/Motorways roadway to less than 4.9 m or independently evaluate the safety impacts. said under certain circumstances an exception will always be
sixteen (16) feet requires NHA coordination and approval before denied. With that in mind, both the UOA and the designer must
the ROWGA can approve the exception. To meet Punjab and federal requirements, any Exception request look at the precepts contained herein and apply them accordingly.
must include documentation addressing all of the issues as follows:

Index No. 400
EXCEPTIONS 2 of 5
The UOA is a statutorily authorized partner in the use of the relocation on RRR projects only when determined to be in a 11. Will pedestrian traffic benefits be reduced by utility relocation?
R.O.W that the ROWGA manag es. The UOA shares the control zone as defined in this RRR section.
responsibility to maintain a safe user environment. The actions of 12. Will the desired relocation violate any national utility code,
either party can affect safety negatively or positively. Each party 4.10.7.2 Safety: Punjab law or local ordinance?
must begin its evaluations by first establishing what is the safest 1. Has a safety study been prepared covering the most recent five 13. Are there existing clearance conflicts, or can future overhead
thing to do is. If that proves too costly, alter the proposal until an (5) years identifying crash history and any roadway element clearance conflicts be foreseen such as canopy overhangs or
acceptable balance is reached between benefit and cost. deficiencies (if possible)? construction problems?
A description of exhibits for exceptions follows: 2. Are there a significant number of recorded crashes for the 14. Are pole(s) located in an area where an exception is acceptable
corridor? and allowed to remain or are they located in a designated
Section 4.10.7 describes what must be considered by the ROWGA
before denying or approving a utility exception. control zone in which case they should be removed as
3. Even if unrecorded, is there visible evidence of crashes
appropriate?
(scraped poles, bent signs, etc.) or are they highly predictable?
Section 4.10.8 describes what a UOA must consider in justifying
and requesting an exception. 4. Are historical crashes related to any specific roadway element 4.10.7.3 Function:
such as alignment (curve or kink), signing (lack of, confusing, 1. Is there sufficient R.O.W to relocate within the R.O.W without
Section 4.10.9 provides guidance by identifying scenarios in which
blocked view), roadway intersection, lane add or drop, major violating standards or criteria (Province, federal or local)?
an exception would normally be given to a UOA except in site-
driveway entrance or exit, roadway surface condition, and
specific cases where extreme conditions exist or where control is 2. Will the utility relocation require more than one move?
posted speed or sight distance?
beyond the authority of the ROWGA.
5. Are there other features along the corridor in question that do 3. Can the number of poles to be relocated be limited to one?
4.10.7 Exception Considerations for the Designer: not meet horizontal clearance criteria such as signal or light
4. Will relocating a pole(s) longitudinally solve the problem as
Some pertinent questions which are required to be considered poles, landscaping, controllers, or other similar features?
opposed to changing the horizontal offset?
before the ROWGA recommends relocation of an existing utility
6. Can an above ground fixed object (e.g., pole) be relocated in
facility and in granting an exception are: 5. Will the relocation force the Utility to be inaccessible (behind a
compliance with horizontal clearance criteria within the R.O.W
ditch or canal) or placed in an area of high maintenance (fast
4.10.7.1 Criteria: and not impact other utilities or roadway features?
growing trees or underground and susceptible to increased
1. What is the applicable criterion, new construction or RRR? 7. Can minimum horizontal clearance criteria be exceeded (e.g., lighting damage)?
new construction criteria) without significant utility impact?
2. Are the standard criteria appropriate for the site condition? 4.10.7.4 Benefit/Cost:
8. Are there roadway typical section features such as on street 1. What is the estimated cost to the utility company to relocate?
3. Do the standard criteria provide for the optimum safety,
parking (not to be removed) or bike lanes that provide
function and benefit/cost ratio? 2. Does the utility company have future plans in place to relocate
additional pole separation from the through lane?
or replace the pole(s)?
4. Is the ultimate project typical section being developed or an
9. If a geometric revision will eliminate the problem, is it practical
interim fix, and if so which controls, and has the Utility been 3. Are there underground utility conflicts that will result from
and cost effective to include it in the project?
told which? (The Utility should not be required to relocate or relocating a pole(s) to a new location and if so, can the
address the same issue again in the near future.) 10. Will the proposed pole relocation prevent compliance with underground utility be physically or cost effectively relocated?
horizontal clearances?
5. Existing permitted facilities are to be evaluated against the
criteria in place when they were installed and considered for

Index No. 400
EXCEPTIONS 3 of 5
1. What is a reasonable benefit (anticipated reduction in by a clearly marked (striped) bike lane or on street 4.10.8 Exception Considerations for the Utility:
societal costs)/cost (utility relocation costs) ratio for this parking. (Care should be taken to ensure these
particular corridor for a utility to be relocated? (e.g., Does mitigating elements are permanent features. If these 4.10.8.1 Justification Process and Documentation
the relocation cost exceed damage estimates by a factor of elements are to be removed, the above ground fixed
2?) object must be evaluated for relocation and scheduled of Utility Exceptions
accordingly. It is important to identify proposed The objective of the UOA should be to demonstrate to ROWGA
2. Will the available distance a pole(s) can be moved provide locations and not allow other utilities to use this area.) that the cost of relocating is greater than the benefit. This is a
a reasonable benefit? (e.g., normally four (4) feet or more, benefit / cost assessment. This includes any added benefits of
or behind a fixed barrier). g. When there is an established hardship or the tangible
meeting the criteria. All exception requests shall include
benefit of relocation is not supported by benefit to documentation sufficient to justify the request and independently
3. Consider the following scenario. There is room to relocate cost ratios.
the pole(s) without conflicts and there is no physical evaluate the operational and safety impacts. It will be advantageous
reason the Utility cannot move. There is no substantial h. When significant safety improvements would not be to the UOA to review and gives attention to the considerations of
crash evidence (written or visible), therefore, the benefit to attained by forcing a relocation offset of less than four the design engineer. In this way both parties are not only
cost ratio is not high. Is there a basis other than clearance (4) feet. (This does not apply where there is facility addressing the minimums but also considering all issues together.
criteria to require the Utility to move? issue for disabled persons). The assessment documentation is not required to contain, and
4. Any one of the following conditions are examples of when i. When the utility facility is not located in a control zone rarely entails, a full blown analysis. Most of the issues that must be
an exception may be appropriate, assuming the utility and crash data or field analysis does not indicate the addressed can be done in one-line statements. In many cases the
facility is not located in a control zone: presence of a significant hazard. conclusions are obvious. For example, if there were no alternative
locations, a simple statement to the effect “moving back 1.22 m or
a. When the desired relocation area would force a UOA j. When adjustment or relocation of the facility would four (4) feet would require a violation or “moving back 1.22 m or
to violate other Punjab or federal codes whether conflict with other acceptably located facilities. four (4) feet requires acquisition of an easement or R.O.W or
electrical, gas, environmental, or other requirements. removal of a building”. It is also acceptable to provide costs based
In instances where a significant crash history exists, an k. When insufficient R.O.W to comply. values and adding overhead costs without extensive details. All
exception probably is not warranted. statements must be logical and within reason. Of significance is
l. Other reasons will be considered on a case-by-case
that each of the listed considerations be addressed and documented
b. When the criteria was not formulated to address the basis.
because the limiting condition for which an exception is being
specific site conditions being observed on a project. sought may not exist ten (10) years later when a claim is brought
Scenarios for which Exceptions would typically be
approved, when the existing utility facility is located forth.
c. When the facility is or would be in violation of criteria
but the intent can best be served using other values. within a control zone:
To meet Punjab and federal requirements, any exception request
1. When there is no crash history and the location meets the must include documentation addressing the following issues:
d. When the ROWGA project scope is an interim fix
rather than the ultimate section. horizontal requirements based on the posted speed;
4.10.8.2 Description
e. When compliance cannot be accomplished within the 2. When there is an established hardship; 1. Project description (general project information, typical
desired project time frame. section, etc.)
3. When there is no practical alternative (e.g., the utility facility
f. When the required offset measured from the curb is cannot be moved more than four (4) feet); or
not met if the offset from the travel lane is mitigated
4. Other reasons will be considered on a case-by-case basis.

Index No. 400
EXCEPTIONS 4 of 5
2. Description of the exception (specific project conditions 1. Evaluation of crashes by type and cause, If there is no documented crash history in the most recent five (5)
related to the exception, critical design element, acceptable years or direct observable impact evidence, given the following
AASHTO value, and proposed value for project) 2. Estimate of crash costs (based on property damage and four conditions exist simultaneously:
severity of injuries),
4.10.8.3 Safety Impacts 1. Curb or flush shoulder alignment does not change horizontally.
3. Selection of a crash reduction factor,
1. Crash history and analysis (location, type, severity, and relation 2. The object is not located in a Control Zone or LA R.O.W.
to the exception element for the most recent five (5) years of 4. Selection of a discount rate,
accident data). Note: Upon request of the UOA, the ROWGA 3. The posted speed limit does not exceed 70 km/h.
will furnish the accident history (if possible or exists) for the 5. Estimate of construction and maintenance costs,
area and the UOA will analyze it identifying accidents, 4. Utility location causes no slowing or redirecting of traffic.
6. Selection of life of the improvements,
locations, severity, etc.
5. An exception would normally be approved if any one of the
7. Period of time over which the benefits will be realized. following conditions exists.
2. Impacts associated with proposed criteria (this could be
annualized value of expected economic loss associated with 4.10.8.5 Conclusion and Recommendation a. Insufficient room to relocate in the R.O.W.
crashes or present worth where a detailed analysis is used, or if
1. The cumulative effect of other deviations from design criteria,
obvious, a one line statement of cost based on property b. One Utility would have to relocate in order to put another
acquisition and overhead) 2. Safety mitigating measures considered and provided, in its position.
4.10.8.4 Benefit / Cost Analysis 3. Summarize specific course of action. (Include conditional c. The object cannot be relocated more than 1.22 m or four
Calculate a benefit/cost analysis which estimates the cost requirements such as projects in the future Work Program that (4) feet. (This does not apply where there is a requirements
will fix a deficiency). issue for the persons with disabilities).
effectiveness of correcting or mitigating a substandard design
feature. The benefit is the expected reduction in societal costs 4.10.9 Scenarios for Approving Exceptions on RRR d. Relocation would cause a conflict with other Punjab or
(future accident costs, insurance, workers compensation, etc. The national safety codes.
cost is the direct construction and maintenance costs associated Type Projects
with the design and relocation. These costs may be calculated and e. A minimum of 1.8 m or six (6) feet horizontal offset exists
annualized or made present worth so that a direct comparison of 4.10.9.1 For Placement of Above Ground Fixed between the traveled way and the above ground fixed
alternate designs can be made. Objects: object.
For actual cost data the UOA should seek the latest available data The probability of approving exceptions to above ground fixed f. The relocation benefit/cost ratio is less than or equal to
published for this purpose. Achieving a benefit/cost ratio of less object relocation decreases with increases in crash history and two (2).
than or equal to 2.0 would mean the ROWGA would not require directly observable impact evidence. This exhibit describes
relocation except in the most extreme cases or conditions beyond scenarios and conditions that must exist for an exception to be g. If there is documented crash history in the most recent
its control. This is a conservative value for the Utility and allows approved. It also gives general conditions and probable five (5) years or direct observable impact evidence, and
for many unknowns in the equation. The final decision is a recommendations for typical situations where extreme or given the above four numbered conditions exist
management decision that considers all factors important to the unforeseen conditions do not exist. simultaneously:
successful implementation of the Urban Unit's mission.
Scenarios for which exceptions would typically be approved, with h. An exception would normally be approved if any one of
The key factors in the analysis are: and without crash history or impact evidence follow: the following conditions exists.
i. No practical design alternative.

Index No. 400
EXCEPTIONS 5 of 5
j. The relocation benefit/cost ratio is less than or equal to 3. Optical fiber / Telephone;
two (2). 4. Sui gas;
5. Electricity pole / Underground electricity;
Scenarios for which Exceptions would typically be
approved, when the existing utility facility is located
6. Flood water drainage;
within a control zone:
7. Empty duct (to accommodate future utility usage).
1. When there is no crash history and the location meets the 4.11.1 Utility Identification
horizontal requirements based on the posted speed;
Importance of each utility within the utility corridor recommends a
2. When there is an established hardship;
method to identify the location of each utility. This method will
3. When there is no practical alternative (e.g., the utility facility facilitate the utility departments to identify their utilities interfering Figure 4.8: Typical Utility Corridor
cannot be moved more than 1.22 m or four (4) feet); or with the adjoining utilities of different departments. This method
may be executed by either of the following: 4.11.1.1 Warrant Tapes
4. Other reasons will be considered on a case-by-case basis.
1. Color Tiles In situations where lesser widths of utility corridor are
4.10.9.2 For Placement of Below Ground Objects, 2. Coded Tiles
Materials, or Methods: required:
The recommended colors and codes for each particular utility are
Exceptions are approved only by demonstration of a hardship. The 1. Tough Tiles are uneconomical;
as follows: 2. Parking on tough tiles is of lesser importance;
hardship must be demonstrated by showing the policies, standards
3. Drainage is not a problem;
or criteria are inappropriate and supported by a benefit/ cost ratio Table 4.8: Color Codes for Utilities 4. Environmental issues are of much importance and landscaping
of less than or equal to one (1). For purpose of computation, along the road is preferred.
benefit is the expected reduction in societal costs. Cost is rupees
value of impacts and implementation for all affected parties. Warrant Tapes for identification of utilities can also be used.
Color Codes For Utilities
Warrant tapes will be beneath the surface at about 0.5 m (1.64 ft)
4.11 UTILITY CORRIDOR Utility Name Colors Codes and will have the same color coding as that of
Water Supply Blue W
Sewerage Drain Green S tough tiles. However, they cannot be identified from the surface
Utility corridor means the space or provision of space for different Optical Fiber / like colored tough tiles.
utilities to be accommodated within that corridor of a road. Roads Telephone Orange O.P.F / T
right of way is intended to provide adequate space for road cross
Sui Gas Yellow S
section requirements and at the same time allow the public utilities
Electric Supply Red E
sufficient space for existing and proposed plans.
Empty Duct White ED
Following are the utilities that may form part of utility corridor for
the Urban Roads:
1. Water supply;
Figure 4.9: Utility Corridor Plan with Warrant Tapes
2. Sewerage drain;

Index No. 400
EXCEPTIONS 1 of 5
4.11.3.2 Sewerage Drain
4.11.2 Laying of Utilities 2. Warrant Tapes for identification of utilities can also be used.
Warrant tapes will be beneath the surface at about 0.5 m (1.64
Utilities can be laid in either of the following options: ft) and will have the same color coding as that of tough tiles. Sewerage is provided for drainage purposes and is an important
However, they cannot be identified from the surface like part of any utility “corridor”. The location and width of the drain
1. Both sides colored tough tiles. depends upon the consumption and type of area for which it is to
2. One side of the road with cross connection on the other side
be provided. Sewerage pipes have different sizes as far as their
3. In case of small buildings side by side along the road, laying of diameter and use is concerned due to which their provision in
The choice between two, depends upon many factors and is the job
utilities on one side of the road with cross connection on the
of the designer to design the facility according to the requirements, utility corridor varies accordingly. Drain and pipe size varies
other side will be uneconomical as number of cross
however, following can be the considerations: connections will be more and will require small intervals hence, according to type of area (Commercial, Industrial and Residential).
provision of utilities on both side may be preferred. On the Sewerage from commercial, industrial and residential areas is
contrary if interval between the outlets is large say 300 m or carried by a service connection to the public sewer, sometimes
greater, option number 2 can be adopted. The designer should called as “Lateral Sewer”. The branch sewer receives sewage or
perform a cost/benefit analysis and then decide on the two domestic waste water from laterals and feeds it to the trunk sewer
options. Option number 2 is disadvantageous for future which conveys it to the waste water treatment plant.
extension, repair and maintenance works.
4. Sewerage from commercial, industrial and residential areas is 4.11.3.3 Manhole Spacing
carried by a service connection to the public sewer, sometimes
called as “Lateral Sewer”. The branch receives sewage or
Manholes are to be provided at every intersection and at every
domestic waste water from laterals and feeds it to the trunk
sewer which conveys it to the waste water treatment plant. change in grade, level, diameter or direction. Additionally, in
developed areas, manholes should be spaced so that each plot can
4.11.3 Standard Widths for Utilities in Utility discharge its sewage in a manhole. For Local and secondary roads
Electric Supply its minimum width should be 1.22 m (4 ft) and 1.85 m (6.1 ft). For
Optical Fiber / Telephone
Sui Gas Corridor Primary roads its minimum width should be 1.85 m (6.1 ft) or 3.0
Sewerage
Empty Duct
Water Supply m (10 ft) for small and large sizes o f pipe respectively For
4.11.3.1 Water Supply sewerage drain the depth from road top surface may vary from 1.2
(4 ft) to 7.62 m (25 ft).
Figure 4.10: Laying of Utilities with Cross Connections For water supply the minimum recommended width in utility
4.11.2.1 General Notes corridor should be 0.3 m (1 ft) for Urban Local roads and 0.6 m (2
ft) for Urban Secondary roads while, it should be 1.25 m (4.1 ft) for
Urban Primary roads. For water supply the depth from road top
1. Importance of each utility within the utility corridor
surface may vary from 1.0 (3.3 ft) to 2.0 m (6.6 ft). However, the
recommends a method to identify the location of each utility.
This method will facilitate the utility departments to identify minimum recommended depth from road top surface for water
their utilities interfering with the adjoining utilities of different supply should be 1.0 m (3.3 ft) for all the urban road classifications.
departments. This method may be executed by either of the
following:
a. Color Tiles
b. Coded Tiles

Index No. 400
EXCEPTIONS 2 of 5
Table 4.9: Manhole Spacing utility corridor should be 0.3 m (1 ft) for Urban Local road, while recommended widths of utility corridor for Urban Roads are as
0.75 m (2.5 ft) for Primary and Secondary roads. However, the follows:
recommended depth from top surface for optical fiber / telephone
Pipe Diameter Maximum Spacing utility should be 1.5 m (5 ft) for all the urban road classifications. 4.11.4 Details of Utility Corridor with Over Head
While the minimum recommended distance of hand hole for this
(inch) m (ft) Electric Supply:
utility should be 250 m (820 ft).
9 45 (150)
4.11.3.5 Sui Gas Table 4.11: Minimum Widths of Utility Corridor with Over
12 60 (200) head Electric Supply
15 ² 24 75 (250) For Sui gas the minimum width in the utility corridor should be 0.3
m (1 ft) for urban local road while, it should be 1.5 m (5 ft) for Road Width of Utility
27 ² 39 90 (300) Primary and Secondary roads. The minimum recommended depth Classification Corridor m (ft)
from road top surface for Sui gas should be 1.25 m (4.1 ft) for all Local Roads 4.54 (14.9)
42 ² 60 120 (400)
the urban road classifications. Secondary
Roads 5.63 (18.5)
Above 60 150 (500) 4.11.3.6 Electric Supply Primary Roads 6.8 (22.31)
Table 4.10: Area Reservation along Roads The electricity supply would either be through electric poles or by 4.11.5 Details of Utility Corridor with Under Ground
under ground cables, considering both options the minimum Electric Supply:
recommended width for the provision of electric supply within
utility corridor if it is transmitted through electric poles should be Table 4.12: Minimum Widths of Utility Corridor with under
Pipe Diameter Width of Reserved ground Electric Supply
0.6 m (2 ft) for local roads and 0.85 m (2.8 ft) for secondary and
(inch) Strip m (ft) primary road classifications, however, if under ground cables are to
9 ² 72 1.22 ² 3.65 (4 ² 12 ft) be used then the width reserved for electric supply should be 0.85
Width of Utility
m (2.28 ft) for Urban Local roads, while it should be 1.25 m (4.1 ft) Road Classification
Corridor m (ft)
for Primary and Secondary roads. However the recommended
minimum depth from road top surface and hand hole distance for Local Roads 4.79 (15.72ft)
GENERAL NOTES FOR SEWERAGE DRAIN electric pole or under ground electricity should be 2.3 m (7.6 ft) Secondary Roads 6.1 (20 ft)
and 45-60 m (150 ² 200 ft) respectively for all the urban road Primary Roads 7.2 (23.6 ft)
Manholes are to be provided at every intersection and at every
classifications.
change in grade, level, diameter or direction. Additionally, in Typical cross sectional views of utility corridor with over head and
developed areas, manholes should be spaced so that each plot can under ground electric supply facility, along with their dimensional
4.11.3.7 Empty Duct
discharge its sewage in a manhole details with respect to particular road classification is shown as
follows;
4.11.3.4 Telecommunication Empty ducts are provided for future installation of utilities or to
separate one utility by another. The empty duct width and its depth
For Telecommunication transmission optical fiber and PTCL are from road top surface should be 0.6 m (2 ft), 1.0 m (3.3 ft)
used, the minimum recommended widths for their provision in respectively for all urban road classification. The total minimum

Index No. 400
EXCEPTIONS 3 of 5
Table 4.13: Utility Corridor Dimensions for Urban Local Table 4.14: Utility Corridor Dimensions for Urban Secondary Table 4.15: Utility Corridor Dimensions for Urban Primary
Roads Roads Roads
Minimum Minimum
Minimum Depth Distance Hand Minimum
Minimum Width m From From Hole Minimum Distance Hand
Depth Hand Utility
Distance (ft) Road Top Building Details Depth From From Hole
Width From Hole Width
Utility From Surface m Line m m (ft) Utility Road Top Building Details
m (ft) Road Top Details m (ft)
Building (ft) (ft) Surface m Line
Surface m m (ft)
Line m (ft) (ft) m (ft)
(ft) Water
0.6 (2) 1.0 (3.3) 0.3 (1) - m (ft)
Water Supply
0.3 (1) 1.0 (3.3) 0.15 (0.5) - Water 1.25
Supply 250 1.0 (3.3) 0.625 (2) -
Empty Duct 0.6 (2) 1.0 (3.3) 0.9 (3) Supply (4.1)
Empty Duct 0.6 (2) 1.0 (3.3) 0.6 (2) (820)
Sewerage 1.85 (6.1) 1.25 (4.1) 2.1 (7) - Empty
1.22 0.6 (2) 1.0 (3.3) 1.52 (5.0) -
Sewerage 1.5 (5) 1.51 (4.95) - Duct
(4) Optical
0.75 (2.5) 1.5 (5) 3.4 (11) - 1.85
Optical Fiber 250 Fiber / Ptcl Sewerage 1.25 (4.1) 2.775 (9.10) -
0.3 (1) 1.0 (3.3) 2.27 (7.45) (6.1)
/ Ptcl (820) Sui Gas 1.0 (3.3) 1.25 (4.1) 4.3 (14.1) -
Optical
Sui Gas 0.3 (1) 1.25 (4.1) 2.57 (8.43) - 45 - 60 0.75 250
Fiber / 1.5 (5) 4.075 (13.4)
45 - 60 Electric Pole 0.85 (2.8) 2.28 (7.5) 5.2 (17.1) (150 - (2.5) (820)
Ptcl
Electric Pole 0.6 (2) 2.28 (7.5) 3.02 (9.9) (150 - 200)
Sui Gas 1.5 (5) 1.25 (4.1) 5.2 (17.06) -
200) Under
Ground 45 - 60
Flood Water 1.22 Electric 0.85
1.25 (4.1) 3.93 (12.9) - 1.25 (4.1) 1.37 (4.5) 5.43 (17.8) 2.28 (7.5) 6.375 (23.0) (150 -
Drainage (4) Electric Pole (2.8)
Supply 200)
Under
0.85 3.145 Under
Ground 1.37 (4.5) - Total Minimum Width For Utility Corridor 1.25
(2.28) (10.32) Ground 1.37 (4.5) 6.575 (21.2) -
Electricity (4.1)
5.63 Electricity
Flood Water 1.22 With Over Head Electric Pole
1.25 (4.1) 4.18 (13.71) - (18.5) Total Minimum Width For Utility Corridor
Drainage (4)
Total Minimum Width For Utility Corridor With Under Ground Electric Facility 6.1 (20) 6.8
With Over Head Electric Pole
4.54 (22.3)
With Over Head Electric Pole 7.2
(14.9) With Under Ground Electric Facility
4.79 (23.6)
With Under Ground Electric Facility
(15.72)
3.32
In Case of With Over Head Electric Pole
(10.9)
Warrant
With Under Ground Electric 3.57
Tapes
Facility (11.7)

Index No. 400
EXCEPTIONS 4 of 5
1. Typical cross sectional views of utility corridor with over head and underground electric 4.11.1.1under the ground (green belt) would be considered which will reduce the utility corridor
supply facility, along with their dimensional details with respect to particular road width as 3.32 m (10.9 ft) with over head electric pole and 3.57 m (11.7 ft) with under ground
classification in shown, electric supply with natural drainage by compromising on Flood Water Drainage (F.W.D).
2. The widths of utility corridor mentioned above are while considering an option, which is to have
tough tiles, however if tough tiles are not been opted by the designer due to land acquisition
issues with specification to local roads or other than warrant tapes mentioned in section
Legend
1 W.S Water Supply
2 S.D Sewerage Drain
3.02 3.145
2.57 2.57
2.27
O.P.F /
2.27
1.51
1.51
0.6 0.6 3 T Optical Fiber / PTCL
0.15 0.15
4 S.G Sui Gas
1.25
5 U.G.E Under Ground Electricity
1.5
1.37
1.0 1.0
6 E.P Electric Pole
U.G.E O.P.F/T E.D
E.D O.P.F/T
S.G S.D W.S
W.S S.D S.G 7 F.W.D Flood Water Drain
8 E.D Empty Duct
Figure 4.11: Utility Corridor for Local Roads with Under Ground/Over head Electric Pole
5.2 5.4
4.3 4.3 7.0 6.575
3.4 3.4 5.2 5.2
2.1 2.1 4.075 4.075
2.775 2.775
0.9 0.9
1.52 1.55
0.3 0.3 0.625 0.625
1.0 1.0
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.5
1.5
0.6 0.6 1.85 0.75 1.5 1.25 0.6 3.0 0.75 1.5
Figure 4.12: Utility Corridor for Secondary Roads with Under Ground/Over head Electric Pole Figure 4.13: Utility Corridor for Primary Roads with Under Ground/Over head Electric Pole

Index No. 400
ROADWAY UTILITIES CORRIDORS 5 of 5

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Chapter No. 2 2011 PUNJAB GEOMETRIC DESIGN MANUAL DESIGN GEOMETRICS AND Last Revision Page No.

CONTROL PARAMETERS ----

3.0 TDLC Features 3.4.14 Pedestrian Bridges, Overpasses, and Underpasses

3.1 Planning 3.4.14.1 Pedestrian Overpasses

3.2 Application 3.4.14.2 Pedestrian Underpasses

3.3 Roadside Facilities 3.5 Bicycle Facilities

3.4.1 Pedestrians and Bicyclists 3.5.2 Paved Shoulders

3.4.2 Pedestrian Facilities 3.5.3 Wide Curb Lanes

3.4.3 Pedestrian Sidewalks 3.5.4 Bicycle Route Systems

3.4.3.1 Sidewalk Capacities 3.5.5 Drainage and Utility Considerations

3.4.4 Pedestrian Level of Service (LOS) 3.5.6 Shared Use Paths

3.7.1.9 Shim Plates 3.14 Other Facilities

3.7.1.10 Coatings 3.14.1 Fire Hydrant

3.7.1.11 Anchor Bolts 3.14.2 Solid Waste Management (SWM) Container

3.7.1.12 Resilient and Neoprene Pads: 3.14.3 Roadway Lighting

3.7.1.13 Joints: 3.14.4 SPEED HUMPS

3.7.1.14 Weep Holes 3.14.5 Clear Zone

3.7.1.15 Shop Drawings 3.14.5.1 Clear Zone Concept

3.9 Public Transit Facilities 3.14.6 Hazard Standards

3.9.1 Curb-Side Facilities 3.14.6.1 Canal Hazards

3.10 Public Transport Facilities 3.14.6.2 Drop-off Hazards

3.10.1 Bus Stops 3.14.6.4 Transitions

3.10.1.1 Elements of Bus Stops 3.14.6.5 Placement

3.10.1.2 Placement of Bus Stops 3.14.6.6 Upgrading Existing Barrier Systems

3.10.1.3 Bus Stop Spacing 3.14.6.7 Median Barriers

3.10.1.4 Bus Bays 3.12.3 Roadway Landscaping

3.10.1.5 Bus Shelters

3.11 On-Street Parking

3.12 Facilities For Roadway Safety

3.12.1 Traffic Barriers

3.12.1.1 Barrier Types

6. Clear Zone 18. Near Side Bus Stop

Crosswalks are the critical part of pedestrian network. A crosswalk

Sidewalks are walkways parallel to the roadway and designed for

21. Public Transport Facilities

Public transport is defined as passenger transportation service, local

22. Sidewalk Curb Ramps

23. Solid Waste Management (SWM) Container

Solid Waste Management container is a waste type container that

24. Traffic Barriers

Levell of Service A 1..21 m2 / perso

Figure 3.11: Recommen

Levell of Service F 0..19 m2 / perso

3.4.88.1 Bicyclee Lanes

Operations, high, an additional 0.3 to 0.6 m of width should be provided if available.

3.5.1 Types of Curb

3.5.1.1 Barrier Curbs / Vertical Curbs

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3.9.3.7 Shop Drawings

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• Appropriate in areas with low motor vehicle and bicycle use.