Case 1: Totally Submerged Object When an object is totally submerged in a fluid

of density rfluid, the volume Vdisp of the displaced fluid is equal to the volume Vobj of
the object; so, from Equation 14.5, the magnitude of the upward buoyant force is
B 5 rfluidgVobj. If the object has a mass M and density robj, its weight is equal to Fg 5
Mg 5 robjgVobj, and the net force on the object is B 2 Fg 5 (rfluid 2 robj)gVobj. Hence,
if the density of the object is less than the density of the fluid, the downward gravitational
force is less than the buoyant force and the unsupported object accelerates
upward (Fig. 14.9a). If the density of the object is greater than the density of the
fluid, the upward buoyant force is less than the downward gravitational force and
the unsupported object sinks (Fig. 14.9b). If the density of the submerged object
equals the density of the fluid, the net force on the object is zero and the object
remains in equilibrium. Therefore, the direction of motion of an object submerged
in a fluid is determined only by the densities of the object and the fluid.
Case 2: Floating Object Now consider an object of volume Vobj and density robj ,
rfluid in static equilibrium floating on the surface of a fluid, that is, an object that
is only partially submerged (Fig. 14.10). In this case, the upward buoyant force is
balanced by the downward gravitational force acting on the object. If Vdisp is the
volume of the fluid displaced by the object (this volume is the same as the volume
of that part of the object beneath the surface of the fluid), the buoyant force has a
magnitude B 5 rfluidgVdisp. Because the weight of the object is Fg 5 Mg 5 robjgVobj
and because Fg 5 B, we see that rfluidgVdisp 5 robjgVobj, or
Vdisp
Vobj
5
robj
rfluid

•23 (a) Assuming that water has a density of exactly 1 g/cm3,

find the mass of one cubic meter of water in kilograms.
(b) Suppose that it takes 10.0 h to drain a container of 5700 m3 of
water.What is the “mass flow rate,” in kilograms per second, of water
from the container?

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