BS 812-2 - 1995 Amd 1&2

S T D - B S I BS 812: P A R T 2-ENGL 1 7 7 5 8a 1b24bbS 0 7 5 b 2 5 4 351 1111
BRITISH STANDARD BS 812 :

Part 2 : 1995
Incol-porating
Amendments Nos. 1
and 2
Testing aggregates
Part 2. Methods of determination
of density
Corrected and reprinted, March 1999
Correction
Page 3 In 6.4.4 2nd para, the second word “apparent”should be deleted.
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ICs 91.100.15
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BS 812 :Part 2 : 1996 h e 3, February 1999
Committees responsible for this

British Standard
The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee
B/502, Aggregates, upon which the following bodies were represented
Aggregate Concrete Block Association

Association of Consuiting Engineers
Association of Lightweight Aggregate Manufacturers
British Aggregate Construction Materials Industries
British Cement Association
British Civil Engineering Test Equipment Manufacture& Association
British Geological Sciences
British Iron and Steel Producers' Association
British Precast Concrete Federation Ltd.
British Ready Mixed Concrete Association
County Surveyors' Society
Department of the Environment
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Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment)
Department of lhnsport
Department of 'hnsport (Ilansport Research Laboratory)
Electricity Association
Insütute of Concrete Technology
Institution of Civil Engineers
Institution of Highways and lì-ansportation
Institution of Stsuctural Engineers
Local Authority Organizations
Sand and Gravel Association Limited
Society of Chemical Industry
The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of this standard, through
subcommittees and panels:
Deparhnent of M e and Industry (National Measurement

Accreditation Service)
Department of Trruisport (Highways Agency)
This British Standard, having
been prepared under the
direction of the Sector Board for
Building and Civil Engineering,
was published under the
authority of the Standards Board
and comes into effect on
15 August 1995
O BSI 02-1999
Amendments issued since publication
First published August 1975
Second edition August 1995 Amd. No. Date Text affected
Third edition February 1999
9195 September indicated by a sideline in the margin
1996
The foilowing BSI references 10379 February Indicated by a sideline
relate to the work on this 1999
standard
Committee reference B/502
Draft for comment 94106633 DC
ISBN O 680 24257 9

STDqBSI BS 8 1 2 : PART 2 - E N G L 1775 D L b 2 4 b b 7 075b25b 1 2 4 II
Issue 3, Februayy 1999 BS 812 :Part 2 : 1995
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Page Issue Page Issue
Front cover 3 4 to 9 Original
inside front cover 3 10 3
a 3 11 Original
b blank 12 Originai
i Original 13 2
ii 2 14 Original
1 Original Inside back cover Original
2 Original Back cover 3
3 4
O BSI 02-1999 a
BS 812 : Part 2 : 1995
Contents
page
Committees responsible Inside front cover
Foreword ii
Methods
1 Scope 1
2 References 1
3 Reporting 1
4 Significance of results 1
5 Determination of particle densities and water absorption 1
6 Determination of bulk density, voids and bulking 8
Annex
A (informative) Repeatability and reproducibility of test results . 13
lâbles
1 Details of containers to be used for the bulk density tests 9
A.1 Estimates of repeatability and reproducibility 14
Figures
1 Section of a pyknometer made from a preserving jar 4
2 Estimation of free-running condition of fine aggregate 6
3 W e r compaction apparatus 11
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i
BS 812 :Part 2 :1995 Issue 2, February 1999
Foreword
This Part of BS 812 has been prepared by Technical Committee B/502. This edition
introduces technical changes but does not reflect a full review or revision of the
standard. Work on testing procedures for aggregates is being carried out in Europe
under the auspices of CENA'C 154,Aggregates. The methods described in this Part of
BS 812 are included in the programme of work of CENPTC 154 and will be superseded
by European Standards which will be published in due course.
This standard supersedes BS 812 : Part 2 : 1975,which is withdrawn.
In this edition, for health and safety reeons, the use of toluene has been replaced by
the use of kerosene in the method for the determination of bulk density of filler. The
tests described in this Part are now based on particle density rather than relative
density and, because the determination of moisture content of aggregates, formerly
included in this Part,is now covered by BS 812 : Part 109,the title of the 1975 edition,
Methods f o r determination of physical properties is no longer appropriaîe and has
been amended to reflect the revised content The opportunity has also been taken to
update references to other Parts of BS 812 that have been published foliowing the 1975
revision of this Part. BS 812 comprises the following Pasts:
Part 100 General requirementsfor apparatus and calibration
Part 101 Guide to sampling and testing aggregates
Part 102 Methods for sampling
Part 103 Methods for determination of particle size distribution
Part 104 Method for qualitative and quantitative petrographic maminution of
aggregates
Part 105 Methods for determination of particle shape
Part 106 Method f o r determination of sheU content in coarse aggregate
Part 109 Methods for detemnination of moisture content
Part 111 Methods for determination of ten per cent fines values (TFV)
Part 112 Methods for determination of aggregate impact value (An3
Part 113 Method for determination of aggregate abrasion value CAW)
Part 114 Method f o r determination of the polished-stone value
Part 117 Method for determination of water-soluble chloride salts
Part 118 Methods f o r determination of suïphute content
Part 119 Method for determination of acid-soluble material infine aggregate
Part 120 Method for testing and classvying drying sh.l-inlcage of aggregates in
comte
Part 121 Method for detemzination of soundness
Part 124 Method for determination of frost-heave
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standardsare responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.
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ll O BSI 02-1999
Methods
f Scope 4 Significance of results

This Part of BS 812 describes methods for the The distribution of the results of any test on any
determination of the particle density, water material stems from a number of contributing
absorption, bulk density, voids and bulking of factors. In assessing the significance of the results
aggregates and of the particle density, bulk density the repeatability and reproducibility of the test
and voids of filler. should be recognized. Estimates of these are given
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Some of the tests are intended for use in obtaining in annex A and should be used in assessing test
assurance that material complies with British results.
Standard or other requirements, for research,
production control or assessment of variation. 5 Determination of particle densities
However, other methods are not intended for
assurance testing and their suitability for other and water absorption
purposes is defined. 5.1 General
NOTE. The density terms used are defined in clause 2 of Three main methods are described for aggregates, a
BS 812 : Part 100 : 1990.
wire basket method for aggregates larger
than 10 mm, a gas jar method for aggregates
2 References between 40 mm and 5 mm and a pyknometer or?
2.1 Normative references gas jar method for aggregates 10 mm nominal size
This Part of BS 812 incorporates, by dated or and smaller. A buoyancy method using a bucket, as
undated reference, provisions from other described in BS 1881, is allowed as an alternative
for aggregates between 40 mm and 5 mm nominal
publications. These normative references are made
at the appropriate places in the text and the cited size.
publications are listed on the inside back cover. For The method for filler is by use of a density bottle.
dated references, only the edition cited applies; As with any porous material the value obtained for
any subsequent amendments to or revisions of the the particle density of an aggregate depends on the
cited publication apply to this Part of BS 812 only details of the method of test. Furthermore,
when incorporated in the reference by amendment different sizes of the same aggregate often have
or revision. For undated references, the latest different values of particle density and absorption.
edition of the cited publication applies, together Therefore, when comparing different aggregates it
with any amendments. is essential that the test be made on samples
2.2 Informative references sensibly of the same grading.
This Part of BS 812 refers to other publications The wire basket method for aggregates larger
that provide information or guidance. Editions of than 10 mm is not suitable for testing friable
these publications current at the time of issue of aggregates which may break down during the test,
this standard are listed on the inside back cover, and therefore the gas jar method for aggregates
but reference should be made to the latest between 40 mm and 5 mm should be used for such
editions. material.
5.2 Sampling
3 Reporting The sample for these tests shall be taken in
3.1 General accordance with BS 812 : Part 102.
The report shall affirm that the tests were done in 5.3 Method for aggregates all larger than
accordance with this standard. Any departure from 10 mm
the specified test procedure shall be described with
reasons for the departure and, if possible, 5.3.1 Apparatus
estimates of its effect on the test results. The NOTE. All apparatus described should conform to the general
report shall also include details of any special requirements of BS 812 : Part 100.
processing of the sample, other than that required 5.3.1.1 Balance, of capacity not less than 3 kg,
by the test methods, carried out in the laboratory, accurate to 0.5 g, and of such a type and size as to
e.g. crushing to provide larger quantities of smaller permit the basket containing the sample to be
sizes or the separation of constituents from an suspended from the beam and weighed in water,
as-dug gravel.
5.3.1.2 Well ventilated oven, thermostatically
3.2 Certificate of sampling controlled to maintain a temperature
The report shall affirm that a certificate of of 105 O C f 5 OC.
sampling was received with the sample and shall
declare all the information given on the certificate.
If a certificate was not received this shall be stated
in the report.
1
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S T D - B S I B S - B I Z : PART 2-ENGL 1 9 9 5 I b 2 4 b b ï 1175b2b0 b 5 5 H
BS 812 : Part 2 : 1995
5.3.1.3 Wire mesh basket, having apertures not With the cloth, gently surface-dry the aggregate
larger than 6.5 mm, or a perforated container of placed on the dry cloth, transferring it to a second
convenient size, preferably chromium plated and dry cloth when the first will remove no further
polished, with wire hangers (not thicker moisture. Then spread it out not more than one
than 1 mm) suspending it from the balance. stone deep on the second cloth, and leave it
exposed to the atmosphere away from direct
5.3.1.4 Stout watsrtigllt container, in which the sunlight or any other source of heat until all visible
basket may be freely suspended. films of water are removed, but the aggregate still
5.3.1.5 Two d r y soft absorbent cloth, each no less has a damp appearance. Weigh the aggregate
than 750 mm x 450 mm. (mass A ) . If the apparent particle density only is
required the operations described in this paragraph
5.3.1.6 Shallow tray, of area not less may be omitted.
than 0.065 mz.
Place the aggregate in the oven in the shallow tray
5.3.1.7 Airtight contairn, of similar capacity to at a temperature of 105 O C f 5 O C and maintain it
the basket. at this temperature for 24 h i 0.5 h. Then remove
5.3.1.8 10 mm BS test sieve (see 5.4 of it from the oven, cool it in the airtight container,
BS 812 : Section 103.1 : 1985). and weigh it (mass O). If the particle density on a
saturated and surface-dried basis only is required,
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5.3.1.9 Supply ojwatw, free from any impurity the operations described in this paragraph may be
(e.g. dissolved air) that would significantly affect omitted.
its density. If distilled or deionized water is not
available in sufficient quantity, tap water which 5.3.4 Calculations
has been freshly boiled and cooled to room The particle density on an oven-dried basis
temperature may be used. This water shall be used (in Mg/m3) is calculated from the formula:
throughout the test. D
5.3.2 Sample for test A - ( B - C)
A sample of not less than 2 kg of aggregate shail be
tested. Aggregates which have been artificially The particle density on a saturated and
heated shall not normally be used; if such material surface-dried basis (in Mg/m3) is calculated from
is used, the fact shali be stated in the report. Two the formula:
tests shall be made. A
The sample for test shall be thoroughly washed on A - ( B - C)
the test sieve to remove finer particles and drained. The apparent particle density (in Mg/m3) is
5.3.3 Test procedure calculated from the formula:
Place the prepared test sample in the wire basket D
and immerse it in the water (5.3.1.9)at a D - ( B - C)
temperature of 20 OC f 5 OC with a cover of at The water absorption (as % of dry mass) is
least 50 mm of water above the top of the basket. calculated from the formula:
Immediately after immersion remove the entrapped lOO(A - D )
air from the sample by lifting the basket containing D
it 25 mm above the base of the tank and allowing
it to drop 25 times at a rate of about one per where
second. The basket and aggregate shall remain
completely immersed during this operation and for A is the mass of the saturated surface-dry
a period of 24 h f 0.5 h. aggregate in air (in g);
Again jolt the basket and sample and weigh them B is the apparent mass in water of the basket
in water at a temperature of 20 OC f 5 OC. If it is containing the sample of saturated
necessary for them to be transferred to a different aggregate (in g);
tank for weighing, jolt them 25 times as described C is the apparent mass in water of the empty
above in the new tank before weighing (mass B). basket (in g);
Then remove the basket and aggregate from the D is the mass of the oven-dried aggregate in
water and allow them to drain for a few minutes, air (in g).
after which gently empty the aggregate from the
basket on to one of the dry cloths, and return the
empty basket to the water, jolt it 25 times and
weigh it in water (mass 17).
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Issue 4,February 1999 BS 812 :Part 2 : 1995
6.3.6 Reporting of results 6.4.3 Test procedure

The mean result shall be reported for each form of Immerse the prepared test sample in water in the
particle density determined, the title of which shall glass vessel; it shall remain immersed at a
be quoted in full. In no circumstances shall the temperature of 20 "C f 5 "C for 24 h 0.5 h. Soon
shortened title 'particle density' be used in relation to after immersion and again at the end of the soaking
any values quoted. The size of aggregate tested, and period, remove air entrapped in, or bubbles on the
whether it was artificially heated before the start of surface of, the aggregate by gentle agitation. This
the test shall be stated. Values of particle density may be achieved by rapid clockwise and
shall be reported to the nearest 0.01 Mg/m3 and those anti-clockwise rotation of the vessel between the
for water absorption to the nearest O. 1 %. operator's hands.
6.4 Method for aggregates between 40 m m ûverfii the vessel by adding water and slide the
and 6 m m plane-ground glass disc over the mouth so as to
ensure that no air is trapped in the vessel. Then dry
5.4.1 Apparatus the vessel on the outside and weight it (mass B).
NOTE. Ail apparatus described should conform to the general Then empty the vessel and allow the aggregate to
requirements of BS 812 : Part 100. drain while the vessel is refilled with water, sliding
6.4.1.1 Balance, of capacity not less than 3 kg, the glass disc into position as before. Then dry the
accurate to O. 5 g and of such a type as to permit vessel on the outside and weigh it (mass C).
weighing of the vessel containing the aggregate and The difference in the temperature of the water in the
water. vessel during the first and second weighings shall
6.4.1.2 WeU ventilated oven, thermostatically not exceed 2 "C.
controlled to maintain a temperature of 105 "C f 5 "C. Place the aggregate on a dry cloth and gently
surface-dry it with the cloth, transferring it to a
5.4.1.3 Wide-mouthed glass vessel, such as a gas second dry cloth when the firct will remove no
jar, of 1.0 1 to 1.5 1 capacity, with a flat ground lip and further moisture. Then spread it out not more than
a plane-ground disc of plate glass to cover it, giving one stone deep on the second cloth and leave it
a watertight fit. exposed to the atmosphere away from direct sunlight
6.4.1.4 Two dry soft absorbent cloths, each not less or any other source of heat until all visible films of
than 760 mm X 450 mm. water are removed but the aggregate still has a damp
appearance. Weigh the aggregate (mass A). If the
6.4.1.6 Shallow tray, of area not less than 0.03 m2. apparent particle density only is required the
6.4.1.6 Airtight container, large enough to take the operations described in this paragraph may be
sample. omitted.
Place the aggregate in the shallow tray in the oven at
I 5.4.1.7 5.0 mm BS test sieve (see 6.4 of a temperature of 105 "C f 5 "C for 24 h f 0.5 h. Then
BS 812 : Section 103.1: 1985). cool it in the airtight container and weight it
6.4.1.8 Supply of water, free from any impurity (mass D). If the particle density on a saturated and
(e.g. dissolved air) that would significantly affect its surface-dried basis only is required, the operations
density. If distilled or deionized water is not described in this paragraph may be omitted.
available in sufficient quantity, tap water which has 5.4.4 Calculations
been freshly boiled and cooled to room temperature
may be used. This water shall be used throughout The particle density on an oven-dried basis
the test. (in Mg/m3) is calculated from the formula:
D
6.4.2 Sample f o r test
A - ( B - C)
A sample of about 1 kg of the aggregate shail be
used. Aggregates which have been artficially heated
The particle density on a saturated and I
shall not normally be used; if such material is used, surface-dried basis (in Mg/m3) is calculated from the
the fact shall be stated in the report. Two tests shall formula:
be made. The sample for test shall be thoroughly A
washed on the test sieve to remove finer particles A - ( B - C)
and drained. The apparent particle density (in Mg/m3) is I
calculated from the formula:
D
D - ( B - C)
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O BSI 02-1999 the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.
3
STDmBSI BS ö12: P A R T 2 - E N G L 1995 II 1 b 2 4 b b ï ü 7 5 b 2 b 2 q28 m
BS 812 : Part 2 : 1995

_ _
The water absorption (as % of dry mass) is b) Wide-mouthed glass vessel, such as a gas jar,
calculated from the following formula: of 1.O 1 to 1.5 1 capacity, with a flat-ground lip
100 ( A - D ) and a plane-ground disc of plate glass to cover it,
D giving a watertight fit.
where
Approximately
A is the mass of the saturated surface-dry / ámm dia. hole
sample in air (in g);
B is the mass of vessel containing sample and
filled with water (in g); Brass conicaí
C is the mass of vessel filled with water only
(in g); Rubber washer
D is the mass of the oven-dry sample in air
(in g). Screw
ring
5.4.5 Reporting of results
The mean result shall be reported for each form of
particle density determined, the title of which shall
be quoted in full. In no circumstances shall the
shortened title 'particle density' be used in relation Glass jar
to any values quoted. The size of aggregate tested,
and whether it has been artificially heated before
the start of the test shall be stated. The values of
particle density shall be reported to the
nearest 0.01 Mg/m3 and those for water absorption
to the nearest 0.1 %.
5.5 Method for aggregates 10 mm nominal size
and smaller
5.5.1 Apparatus Figure 1. Section of a pyknometer made
from a preserving jar
NOTE. All apparatus described should conform to the general
requirements of BS 812 : Part 100.
5.5.1.1 Balance, of capacity not less than 3 kg, 5.5.1.4 H a i r - d w w , or other means of supplying a
accurate to 0.5 g and of such a type as to permit current of warm air.
the weighing of the vessel containing the aggregate
and water. 5.5.1.5 Watertight tray, of area not less
than 0.03 m2.
5.5.1.2 Well ventilated oven,thermostatically
controlled to maintain a temperature 5.5.1.6 Airtight c o n t a i w , large enough to take
of 105 O C I5 O C . the sample.
5.5.1.3 Vessel, capable of holding 0.5 kg to 1.0 kg 5.5.1.7 Contaiw, of a size sufficient to contain
of material up to 10 mm nominal size and capable the sample covered with water and to permit
of being filled with water to a constant volume vigorous agitation without loss of any part of the
with an accuracy of f 0.5 ml. The following sample or water.
vessels are suitable.
5.5.1.8 75 pm BS test sieve (see 5.4 of BS 812 :
a) Glass vessel, referred to later as a pyknmm&, Section 103.1 : 1985) and a nesting sieve to protect
of about 1 1 capacity, having a metal conical
screw top with an approximately 6 mm diameter the 75 pm test sieve, e.g. a 1.18 mm sieve.
hole at its apex. The screw top shall be 5.5.1.9 Supply of water, free from any impurity
watertight when it is screwed on to the jar, and, (e.g. dissolved air) that would significantly affect
if necessary, a rubber or fibre washer shall be its density. If distilled or deionized water is not
inserted in the joint. If such a washer is used, a available in sufficient quantity, tap water which
mark shall be made on the jar to correspond with has been freshly boiled and cooled to room
a mark on the screw top so that the screw is temperature may be used. This water shall be used
tightened to the same position every time and throughout the test.
the volume contained by the jar is constant
throughout the test. A suitable vessel can be 5.5.1.10 Metal mould (optional), in the form of a
made from a 1 kg fruit preserving jar in which frustum of a cone 40 mm diameter at the top,
the glass lid normally used is replaced by a sheet 90 mm at the bottom and 75 mm high, the metal
metal cone as shown in figure 1. to have a minimum thickness of 900 pm.
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STD.BSI BS B L 2 : PART 2-ENGL 1 9 9 5 Lb24bb9 075b2b3 3 b 4 I I

.BS 812 : Part 2 : 1995
5.5.1.11 Metul tamper (for use with the Then expose the aggregate to a gentle current of
metal mould), of 340 g f 15 g and having a flat warm air to evaporate surface moisture and stir it
circular tamping face 25 mm f 3 mm in diameter. at frequent intervals to ensure uniform drying until
no free surface moisture can be seen and, in the
5.5.1.12 Plain glass funnel (optional). case of aggregate finer than 5 mm, it just attains a
5.5.2 Sample for test 'free-running' condition (see note 1).
A sample of about 1 kg for material having a Then weigh the saturated and surface-dry sample
nominal size from 10 mm to 5 mm inclusive, or (mass A ) .
about 500 g if finer than 5 mm, shall be used. If the apparent particle density only is required the
Aggregates which have been artificially heated draining and drying operations described above
shall not normally be used. If such material is used, may be omitted, although for material finer
the fact shall be stated in the report. Two tests than 5 mm some surface drying may be desirable to
shall be made. facilitate handling.
The sample shall be thoroughly washed to remove Then place the aggregate in the pyknometer and
all material finer than the 75 pm BS test sieve fill the pyknometer with water. Screw the cone
(5.5.1.7) using the following procedure. into place and eliminate any trapped air by rotating
Place the test sample in the container and add the pyknometer on its side, the hole in the apex of
enough water to cover it. Agitate vigorously the the cone being covered with a finger. Top up the
contents of the container and immediately pour the pyknometer with water to remove any froth from
wash water over the sieves, which have previously the surface and so that the surface of the water in
been wetted on both sides and arranged with the the hole is flat. Then dry the pyknometer on the
coarser sieve on top. outside and weigh it (mass B).
The agitation shall be sufficiently vigorous to result Empty the contents of the pyknometer into the
in the complete separation from the coarse tray, taking care to ensure that all the aggregate is
particles of all particles finer than the 75 pm transferred. Refill the pyknometer with water
BS test sieve, and to bring the fine material into (see note 2) to the same level as before, dry it on
suspension in order that it will be removed by the outside and weigh it (mass C). The difference
decantation of the wash water. W e care to avoid, in the temperature of the water in the pyknometer
as far as possible, decantation of the coarse during the first and second weighing shall not
particles of the sample. Repeat the operation until exceed 2 OC.
the wash water is clean. Return all material Then carefully drain the water from the sample by
retained on the sieves to the washed sample. decantation through a 75 pm BS test sieve and
5.5.3 Test procedure return any material retained to the sample. Then
place the sample in the tray, in the oven at a
The test procedure shall be as described in 5.5.3.1 temperature of 105 O C f 5 O C for 24 h f 0.5 h,
or 5.5.3.2. during which period it shall be stirred occasionally
5.5.3.1 using the pyknometer to facilitate drying. Then cool it in the airtight
container and weigh it (mass Il). Two tests shall be
Transfer the washed aggregate to the tray and add made. If the particle density on a saturated and
further water to ensure that the sample is surface-dried basis only is required, the operations
completely immersed. Soon after immersion, described in this paragraph may be omitted.
remove bubbles of entrapped air by gentle agitation
with a rod. NOTE 1. The 'free-running' or 'saturated surface-dry' condition
of the fine aggregate (smaller than 5 mm) is sometimes difficult
Keep the sample immersed in water to identify and, in order to help in identification, two
for 24 h f 0.5 h, the water temperature being alternative methods are suggested as possible aids.
maintained at 20 OC f 5 O C for at least the Method 1. The following test procedure should be adopted,
last 20 h of immersion. making use of the conical mould and tamper referred to
in 6.5.1.10and 5.5.1.11.
Then carefully drain the water from the sample by After drying the sample with a current of warm air allow it to
decantation through a 75 pm BS test sieve, covered cool to room temperature whilst thoroughly stirring it. Hold the
by the protective coarser sieve, any material mould with its larger diameter face downwards on a smooth
retained being returned to the sample. non-absorbent level surface. Fill the mould loosely with part of
the sample and lightly tamp 25 times through the hole a t the
top of the mould with the prescribed tamper. Do not refill the
space left after tamping. Gently lift the mould clear of the
aggregate and compare the moulded shape with figures 2a to
2d. If the shape resembles figures 2a or 2b, then there is still
surface moisture present. Dry the sample further and repeat
the test.
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5
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. .-i....., .A*% ...J'>dC..l. ,,e ..1 ~ . .
S T D * B S I B S B I Z : P A R T 2-ENGL 1775 LbE-lfbbS 075bZb4 2TR E

BS 812 : Part 2 : 1996
If the shape resembles figure 2c, a condition close to the A4etiwd 2. As an alternative to method 1, a dry giass funnel
saturated surface-dry condition has been achieved. If the shape (5.6.1.12) may be used to help determine the 'free-running'
resembles figure 2d, the aggregate has dried beyond the condition of aggregate finer than 5 mm.
saturated surface-dry condition and is approaching the oven-dry With the funnel inverted over the sample tray pour some of the
condition. In this case, either reject the sample and repeat sample over the sloping sides by means of a small scoop. If still
the tests on a fresh sample or re-soak the same sample in water damp, particles of the aggregate will adhere to the sides of the
for a further 24 h and restart the tests as from the beginning of funnel. Continue drying until subsequent pouring shows no sign
the second paragraph of 6.6.3.1. of particles sticking to the glass.
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It is recommended that at least one of the drying stages, as NOTE 2. Thoroughly dry the glass and metal threads
shown in figures 2a or 2b, should have been observed before (and the washer if used) of the pyknometer before using a
the aggregate reaches the stage represented by figure 2c. second time.
a) Aggregate moist; almost retains complete shape of metal

mould
b) Aggregate slightly moist; appreciable slump observed
c) Aggregate saturated surfacedry; almost complete collapse but

definite peak still visible and slopes are angular
d) Aggregate nearly oven dry; no distinct peak, surface outline

close to being curvilinear
NOTE.These sketches are not to scale and are for reference
purposes only.
Figure 2. Estimation of free-running condition of
fine aggregate
= 1b2LIbb9 0 7 5 b 2 b 5
~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~~~
STD.BS1 B S 812: PART 2-ENGL 1995 237

BS 812 : Part 2 : 1995
5.5.3.2 Using the wide-mouthed glass vessel The method shall be as described in 5.3
The procedure shall be the same as in 5.5.3.1 substituting the bucket for the wire basket,
except.that in filling the jar with water it shall be a 5.0 mm BS test sieve for the 10.0 mm BS test
filled just to overflowing and the glass plate slid sieve (5.3.1.8)and stirring with a rod for jolting to
over it to exclude any air bubbles. remove air from the sample.
5.5.4 Calculations * 5.7 Method for determination of particle
The particle density on an oven-dried basis density of filler
(in Mg/m3) is calculated from the formula: 5.7.1 Apparatus
D NOTE. Aii apparatus described should conform to the general
A - ( B -C) requirements of BS 812 : Part 100.
The particle density on a saturated and 5.7.1.1 Density bottle, of 50 ml or 100 ml.
surface-dried basis (in Mg/m3) is calculated from
the formula: 5.7.1.2 Small funnel.
A 5.7.1.3 Balame, of capacity 200 g, accurate
A - ( B -C) to 0.001 g.
The apparent particle density (in Mg/m3) is 5.7.1.4 Vacuum desiccator and pump, capable of
calculated from the formula: reducing the pressure below 50 mbar’).
D 5.7.1.5 Well ventilated oven, thermostatically
D - ( B -C) controlled to maintain a temperature
The water absorption (as % of dry mass) is of 105 O C f 5 O C .
5.7.1.6 Water bath, capable of maintaining a
lOO(A - D ) temperature of 25 O C f 0.1 O C .
D
5.7.1.7 Supply of w a w , free from any impurity
where (e.g. dissolved air) that would significantly affect
A is the mass of saturated surface-dry sample its density. If distilled or deionized water is not
in air (in g); available in sufficient quantity, tap water which
has been freshly boiled and cooled to room
B is the mass of pyknometer or wide-mouthed temperature may be used. This water shall be used
glass vessel containing sample and filled throughout the test.
with water (in g);
C is the mass of pyknometer or wide-mouthed 5.7.2 Dilatometric liquid
glass vessel filled with water only (in g); Preferably purified xylene. Redistilled kerosene
kept over a dehydrating and deacidifying agent,
D is the mass of oven-dried sample in air e.g. Portland cement, may be used. When the filler
(in g). is known not to react with water, then water may
5.5.5 Reporting of results be used as the dilatometric liquid.
The mean result shall be reported for each form of 5.7.3 Test procedure
be quoted in full. In no circumstances shall the 5.7.3.1 Calibration of density bottle
shortened title ‘particle density’ be used in relation Weigh the density bottle and stopper, both of
to any values quoted. The size of aggregate tested, which shall be clean and dry (mass A ) . Then fill
and whether it was artificially heated before the the bottle with the water described in 5.7.1.7,
start of the test shall be stated. The values of immerse it nearly up to the top of its neck in the
particle density shall be reported to the water bath and maintain it for not less than 60 min
nearest 0.01 Mg/m3 and those for water absorption at a temperature of 25 O C f 0.1 O C . Then insert
to the nearest O. 1 % . the stopper, remove the bottle from the bath, dry
the outside thoroughly and weigh the full bottle as
5.6 Alternative method for aggregates between quickly as possible (mass B).
40 m m and 5 m m nominal size
As an alternative t o the method described in 5.4 5.7.3.2 D e t e m i n a t i o n of den-sity of dilatometric
the particle density and water absorption of liquid
aggregates between 40 mm and 5 mm nominal size Using the procedure described in 5.7.3.1 determine
may be determined by using the apparatus the mass of the density bottle and stopper when
described in BS 1881 for the analysis of freshly filled with the dilatometric liquid (mass C).
mixed concrete.
mbar = 10’ N/m2 = 0.1 kPa. --`,,``,`,``,,,``,,````,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295. 7
~-_ _ -~
_ .- . . - ~~~
S T D - B S I BS 412: P A R T 2-ENGL 1 9 9 5 Lb24bb9 075b2bb O73 m

BS 812 : Part 2 : 1995
5.7.3.3 Determination of particle density of filler 6 Determination of bulk density, voids

Dry the filler for 4 h in the oven at a temperature and bulking
of 105 O C f 5 O C and cool it in the desiccator to
room temperature. The density bottle and stopper 6.1 General
shall be clean and dry. Then add the filier to the The method for aggregates is by determining the
bottle through the funnel, so as to fill the bottle mass of a sample filling a specified container, either
approximately one-third full and weigh the bottle loose or compacted. The method for filler is by
with filler and stopper (mass O). Then add determining the volume of a sample of specified
sufficient dilatometric liquid to cover the filler and mass when settled in kerosene.
half fill the bottle. Release entrapped air by giving It is emphasized that this test is intended for
the bottle and its contents a few light taps on the comparing properties of different aggregates. It is
bench and then gradually subjecting the bottle and not generally suitable for use as a basis for quoting
contents to reduced pressure (approximately conversion factors, and for this purpose a practical
50 mbar')) in a vacuum desiccator for at test appropriate to the application should be
least 5 min. Repeat this procedure for releasing air employed.
until no further bubbles of air appear. The value of the bulking of an aggregate,
Then add dilatometric liquid to fill the bottle calculated by the standard method from the
completely and keep the bottle with contents for uncompacted bulk densities of the aggregate in the
--`,,``,`,``,,,``,,````,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
not less than 60 min in the water bath controlled oven-dry condition and then containing a known
at a temperature of 25 O C f 0.1 O C . Then insert moisture content, is also intended only for
the stopper, remove the bottle from the bath, dry comparative purposes. Some other degree of
the outside thoroughly and weigh the bottle with compaction, provided it is the same for the
its contents (mass E ) . material in both moisture conditions, may be more
5.7.4 Calculations appropriate for practical purposes.
The density of the dilatometric liquid (dL) is given 6.2 Sampling
by the formula: The sample for these tests shall be taken in
C - A accordance with BS 812 : Part 102.
B - A 6.3 Method for the determination of bulk
The particle density of the filler is given by the density, and calculation of voids and bulking of
formula: aggregate
( D - A ) 6.3.1 Apparatus
( B - A ) -
(É- D ) NOTE. All apparatus described should conform to the general
dL
where 6.3.1.1 Cylindrical metal conikxiner, conforming
to the following requirements.
A is the mass of stopper and density bottle The container shall be made to the approximate
empty (in g); dimensions given in table 1 appropriate to the size
of aggregate, be smooth inside and preferably be
B is the mass of stopper, density bottle and fitted with handles. It shall be watertight, of
water (in g); sufficient rigidity to retain its form under rough
C is the mass of stopper, density bottle and usage, and shall be protected against corrosion.
dilatometric liquid (in g);
6.3.1.2 Scale or balance, accurate to 0.2 % of the
D is the mass of stopper, density bottle and mass of the material to be weighed and of
filler (in g); adequate capacity (this will vary according to the
E is the mass of stopper, density bottle, filler size of container used).
and dilatometric liquid (in g). 6.3.1.3 Straight metal tamping rod, of circular
CMSS section, 16 mm in diameter and 600 mm long,
Two separate determinations shall be made and rounded at one end.
both results recorded. If these results differ by
more than 0.02, they shall be discarded and two 6.3.2 Calibration
fresh determinations made. The container shall be calibrated by determining
the mass of water at 20 OC f 2 O C required to fili
5.7.5 Reporting results it so that no meniscus is present above the rim of
The mean result shaii be reported to the the container. The actual volume in cubic metres
nearest 0.01 as the particle density of the tested shall then be obtained by dividing the mass of the
material. water in kilograms by 1000.
I) mbar = lo2 N/m2 = 0.1 kPa.
8 the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.
BS 812 : Part 2 : 1995
--`,,``,`,``,,,``,,````,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
6.3.3 Condition of sample 6.3.4.2 Uncompacted bulk density

The test for bulk density shall be made on oven-dry lb determine the loose mass (uncompacted
or saturated surface-dry material. The test for bulk density) carry out the test as described in
voids shall be made on oven-dry material. The test (6.3.4.1) except that the compaction with the
for bulking shall be made initially on oven-dry tamping rod shall be omitted.
material and then at the required test moisture 6.3.5 Calculation of voids
content. In this test voids are expressed as a percentage of
6.3.4 Test procedure the volume of the test cylinder. They are
The size of the container to be used is given determined from the difference between the
in table 1. The test procedure shall be as described volume of the test cylinder and the calculated
in 6.3.4.1 and 6.3.4.2. volume of the aggregate.
6.3.4.1 Compacted bulk density (not applicable to The percentage of voids is given by the formula:
moist f i n e aggregate)
Fill the container about one-third full with the
thoroughly mixed aggregate by means of a shovel
or scoop, the aggregate being discharged from a
100 (3
where
height not exceeding 50 mm above the top of the
container. 'Dike care to prevent, so far as is a is the particle density of the aggregate, on
possible, segregation of the particle sizes of which an oven-dry basis, determined in
the sample is composed. Then give the required accordance with 5.3, 5.4, 5.5 or 5.6;
number of compactive blows (see table 1)to the b is the bulk density of oven-dry aggregate as
aggregate, each blow being given by dowing the determined in 6.3.4 compacted or
tamping rod to fall freely from a height of 50 mm uncompacted as required.
above the surface of the aggregate, the blows being
evenly distributed over the surface. Add a further 6.3.6 Calculation of bulking
similar quantity of aggregate in the same manner In this test, bulking is expressed as the increase in
and give the same number of blows. Fill the volume, as a percentage of original volume, of a
container to overflowing, tamp it again with the mass of fine aggregate whose moisture content is
same number of blows, and remove the surplus increased from the oven-dry condition to a test
aggregate by rolling the tamping rod across and in moisture content.
contact with the top of the container, any The percentage bulking at test moisture content
aggregate which impedes its progress being (M) is given by the formula:
removed by hand, and add aggregate to fill any
obvious depressions. For 6 mm aggregate or
smaller, the surface may be struck off, using the
tamping rod as a straight edge. Then determine the
mass of the aggregate in the container. Make two where
tests and calculate the bulk density in megagrams
per cubic metre using the calibrated volume b is the uncompacted bulk density of oven-dry
determined as in 6.3.2, from the mean of the two fine aggregate determined according
masses. to 6.3.4
a b l e 1. Details of containers to be used for the bu& density tests

Nominal Internai Internai depth Minimum Compacted buk density I UncomDacted bulk
volume') diameter
(approximate)
(approximate) thickness
of metal I densiti
Nominal size of Number of Nominal size of
aggregate up to compactive blows aggregate up to
and including: per layer and including
I mm
'%i
m:3 mm mm mm mm
0.03 350 300 5.0 50 50
0.015 250 300 4.0 28 14
0.012) 200 320 4.0 20 20
0.007 200 225 3.0 14 30 6
0.003 150 150 3.0 6 20 -
4 ft3 and 1/10 ft? nominal capacity respectively conforming to the requirements of the
superseded 1967 edition of BS 812 shall be deemed to conform to these requirements.
The container of nominal volume 0.01 m ' is equivalent to that used to determine the density of compacted fresh concrete as
described in BS 1881. BS 1881 defines dimensional tolerances for the container.
9
~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~~ ~
S T D * B S I B S B 1 2 : P A R T 2-ENGL 1795 m LbZ4bbS 075bZbB 7 4 b m

BS 812 : Part 2 : 1995 Issue 3, February 1999
c is the uncompacted bulk density, as Place the f i t test specimen into a measuring
determined in accordance with 6.3.4, of f j e cylinder, half fill the cylinder with kerosene, then
aggregate at test moisture content; stopper the cylinder and shake it until the filler is
completely wetted. Add more kerosene to the
M is the test moisture content On Oven-dry basis cylinder so that the level is about 40 ~m from the
in accordance with BS 812 : Part 109. top. Stopper the cylinder and shake again.
6.3.7 Reporting of results To ensure that the filler is in complete suspension in
the kerosene, carry out the following procedure
The bulk density shall be reported as the compacted immediately after the second shaking. Invert the
or uncompacted bulk density in megagrams per cylinder and keep it in an inverted position whilst
cubic metre to the nearest 0.01 Mg/m3. The condition the air-bubble travels the length of the cylinder.
--`,,``,`,``,,,``,,````,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
of the aggregate at the time of test shall be stated, Immediately return the cylinder to the upright
i.e. oven-dry, saturated or surfacedry. The position and hold it still until the &-bubble returns
percentage voids and the percentage bulking, if to the top. Repeat this procedure a further four
required, shall be reported to the nearest whole times in rapid succession, then immediately stand
number. the cylinder on a vibration-free surface. If any
6.4 Method for the determination of bulk particles of filler stick to the side of the cylinder
density of filler in kerosene above the level of kerosene, carefully wash them
back into the liquid using a small additional quantity
6.4.1 Apparatus and materials of kerosene.
NOTE. Ail apparatus described should conform to the general Leave the cylinder undisturbed for at least 6 h before
reading and recording the observed level of the filler
I 6.4.1.1 50 ml glass-stoppered measuring cylinder, as its bulk volume (V) to the nearest millilitre.
of about 200 mm long and 22 mm to 26 mm internal Repeat this procedure for the second and third test
diameter, calibrated in millilitres and conforming specimens.
to BS 604.
6.4.3 Calculations
6.4.1.2 Balance, of capacity not less than 100 g,
readable to 0.01 g. The bulk density for each test specimen shall be
calculated to the nearest 0.01 Mg/m3 using the
6.4.1.3 Well ventilated oven, thermostatically following formula:
controlled to maintain a temperature of 105 "C 5 5 "C. 10N
6.4.1.4 Desiccator. where V is the bulk volume as determined in 6.4.2.
6.4.1.6 Redistilled kerosene (paranin oil), Calculate the mean of the three values of bulk
petroleum distillate with a boiling range density determined using the above equation, to the
I between 180 "C and 280 "C. nearest 0.01 Mg/m3. If any of the individual results
differ by more than 0.05 Mg/m3 from the mean value,
NOTE. The displacement liquid described in national annex NC.3
of BS EN 196-6: 1992, used in the method of testing cement, is discard that individual result and determine the bulk
suitable. density of two further test specimens taken from the
same test portion.
6.4.2 Test procedure
Reduce the laboratory sample by the procedures 6.4.4 Reporting of results
described in clause 6 of BS 812 : Part 102 : 1989 to The mean value of the three or more results to the
produce a test portion of sufficient mass to produce nearest O. 1 Mg/m3 shall be reported as the bulk
five test specimens. density of the fiiier in kerosene.
Dry the test portion of filler at a temperature NOTE. The value of the b u k density in megagrams per cubic
of 105 "C 5 "C for at least 4 h. Cool to room metre is numerically identical to the value of the bulk density
expressed in grams per millilitre.
temperature in the desiccator. Weigh out three test
specimens of filler, each of a mass of 10 g 0.01 g. 6.4.6 Test report
The report shail affirm that the bulk density of filler
in kerosene was determined in accordance with this
Part of BS 812 and whether or not a certificate of
sampling is available. If available, a copy of the
certificate shall be provided The test report shall
contain the following additional information:
a) sample identification;
b) the bulk density of filler in kerosene.
10 @ BSI 02-1999
6.5 Method for the determination of voids of
dry compacted filler stop _I
6.5.1 Apparatus
NOTE. All apparatus described should conform to the genera
?
6.5.1.1 Apparatus, of the form shown in figure 3,

conforming to the following requirements.
It shall be made throughout of steel and shall 1 0 ~ ~
consist of the following.
a) Base, of approximately the dimensions shown
in figure 3.
b) C y Z i n b , of 25 mm f 1.0 mm internal
diameter and 63.5 mm internal depth, closed at
one end.
c) PZuqer, of such diameter as to slide freely in
Filler i n
compaction
cylinder
I/
I -
mm compsction
scale with
vernier
Radius not t o
exceed 0.25
the cylinder without lateral play, provided with a

hole of about 1.6 mm diameter along its axis to
allow air to escape, and with a circumferential Part section on t Elevation
groove about 6 mm from its lower end to
accommodate any filler which works up the side I50
4
of the cylinder while in use. The mass of the
plunger shall be 350 g f 2 g.
d) Means for raising the cylinder and dropping it
freely between vertical guides from a height 50
of 100 mm f 0.25 mm on to the base. The total
mass dropped on to the base shall be 850 g to
900 g, including the filler.
e) Means for reading the depth of the compacted
--`,,``,`,``,,,``,,````,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
filler in the cylinder to an accuracy of 0.1 mm. U

The apparatus shall be used dry, without lubricant section A A
on any part, During use the apparatus shall be held

or clamped firmly on a rigid, level support; a Dimensions are in millimetres
position above the leg on a firm bench is
recommended. Figure 3. Filler compaction apparatus
6.5.1.2 Balance, of capacity 50 g, accurate
to 0.01 g.
controlled to maintain a temperature
of 105 OC i 5 O C .
6.5.1.4 Desiccator:
the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295. 11
BS 812 : Part 2 : 1995
6.5.2 Test procedure After 100 impacts read the depth (ci) of the
Dry the filler for 4 h in the oven at 105 O C f 5 OC compacted filler in millimetres, to an accuracy
and cool it to room temperature in the desiccator. of 0.1 mm. Then dismantle the apparatus without
damaging the bed of filler, and wipe it clean of any
Put about 10 g of the dried filler into the uncompacted fiiler. Then remove the filler forming
compaction cylinder and distribute it uniformly in the compacted bed and weigh it to an accuracy
the bottom of the cylinder by tapping gently on the of 0.01 g (mass M).
bench, Insert the plunger and allow it to slide
slowly on to the filler, a finger being pressed on to 6.5.3 Calculations
the central hole in the plunger to prevent ejection The dry void content shall be calculated using the
of the filler from the cylinder. Then apply pressure following formula:
to the plunger so as to form the filler into a slightly
1000 M
compacted bed. Then remove the plunger without 1-
disturbance of the filler, and wipe excess filler from A x d x d ~
the plunger and sides of the cylinder, the central where
hole in the plunger being cleaned if necessary.
Then re-insert the plunger and gently place the il4 is the mass of filler bed (in g);
cylinder in position on the base, which shall be dF is the particle density of filler determined as
clamped or otherwise firmly held on a firm level in 5.7;
surface free from vibration or other movement.
Then raise the cylinder with plunger in position d is the depth of compacted bed (in mm);
and aìlow it to fail freely through a vertical height A is the cross-sectional area of cylinder
of 100 mm f 0.25 mm on to the base. Drop the (in mm2).
cylinder 100 times, allowing a pause of about 1 s
each time before dropping. The plunger shall Three determinations shall be made using a
remain free to move in the cylinder throughout this separate sample of filler for each determination. If
operation, and to ensure this, ease it frequently by any of these values differs by more than 0.01 from
twisting it in the cylinder and, if necessary, remove the mean value, that result shall be discarded and
it and wipe it free of clogging filler. two further determinations made.
The mean value of the three or more results shall
be reported to the nearest 0.01 as the voids of the
dry compacted filler.
--`,,``,`,``,,,``,,````,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
12
b u e 2, February 1999 BS 812 :Part 2 : 1996
Annexes
Annex A (informative) For the purposes of this standard the identical test
material is obtained by first dividing a sample of
Repeatability and reproducibility of test twice21 the amount required to obtain a single test
results result into two equal portions, one for each laboratory
and then, where appropriate, each laboratory reduces
A.1 Generai each portion to the amount required for singie
The distribution of results of any test on any material determinations by the sample reduction procedure
stems from a number of contributing factors and to described in clause 6 of BS 812 : Part 102 : 1989.
allow for these factors in comparing results by the Mathematically, the precision statements are of the
same test operator or results by test operatom working form:
in different laboratories estimates of the distribution
are required. Such estimates are given in this annex r = 1.96 $01 I
together with the definition of the terms ’repeatability’
and ‘reproducibility’which are used in assessing the R = 1.96 @ 4 G 2
distribution of test results. An example of the
application of the estimate is also given. The values
may also be useful in setting iimits in specifications for where
materiais and in assessing the difference between
different materials. 01 is the best estimate of single-operator
A.2 Definitions standard deviation3) within a laboratory;
For the purposes of this annex the foliowing 02 is the standard deviation3) applicable to all
definitions apply causes of variability other than repeatability
of testing when results of different operators
A.2.1 value in different laboratories are compared.
Where results are reported as a mean of two or more
determinations the figures for repeatability and A.3 Estimates of repeatability and
reproducibility are based on this mean value. reproducibility
A.2.2 repeatability (r) Table A1 gives estimates of repeatability and
Quantitative expression of the random error associated reproducibility for the tests in this standard for which
with a single test operator in a given laboratory figures are at present a d a b l e . These values represent
obtaining successive resuits with the same apparatus the greatest differences that can be expected between
under constant operating conditions on identical test test results on duplicate samples in the normal run of
material. It is deñned as that difference between two testing within and between laboratories respectively
such single results as would be exceeded in the long
run in only 1case in 20 in the normal and correct
operation of the test method.
For the purposes of this standard the identical test
material for repeatability tests is obtained by dividing a
sample of twice2) the amount required to obtain a
single test result by the sample reduction procedure
described in clause 6 of BS 812 : Part 102 : 1989.
A.2.3 reproducibility (R)
Quantitative expression of the random error associated
with test operators working in different laboratories,
each obtaining single results on identical test material
when applying the same method. It is deñned as that
difference between two such single and independent
results as would be exceeded in the long run in only
1 case in 20 in the normal and correct operation of the
test method
2, These quantities are given for the purpose of defining ‘identicalmaterial‘. Estimates of (r)and reproducibility (R) should be based on
a larger number of tests and laboratories.
--`,,``,`,``,,,``,,````,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Standard deviation is defined in BS 2846.
O BSI 02-1999 13
STD.BS1 B S ALI?: P A R T 2-ENGL 1995 1 6 2 4 b b 9 í l 7 5 b 2 7 2 377 m
BS 812 : Part 2 : 1995 Annex A
a b l e A. 1 Estimates of repeatability and reproducibility

-
Test Repeatability r Reproducibility R
Particle density (wire-basket method,
saturated surface-dried basis):
most aggregates 0.02 Mg/m3 0.04 Mg/m3
some porous aggregates of low density up to 0.04 Mg/m3 up to 0.08 Mg/m3

(~2.60)
Water absorption 5 % of value recorded 10 %! of value recorded
Bulk density 0.01 Mg/m3 0.02 Mdm3
A.4 An example of the application of estimates Were these the results of single determinations the
A laboratory purchases secondhand equipment for difference (4.5) would be less than the
the polished-stone value determination and wishes reproducibility of the test (6.0) and there would be
to reassure itself that its technique and equipment no cause for concern but the difference should be
are satisfactory. It prepares a number of identical compared with 6.0d2 = 4.2 because the values of
subsamples from a large sample of aggregate and reproducibility (and repeatability) for the means of
tests two of them, obtaining results of 61 and 64 results are inversely proportional to the square root
respectively. Because the difference between these of the number of tests used to derive the mean. It
results (3 units) is less than the repeatability of the can be seen that the difference slightly exceeds the
test (4.9), the laboratory has no reason to doubt reproducibility f m r e calculated above and hence
the consistency of its testing. However, this gives further investigation is necessary to establish the
no guarantee that its equipment is satisfactory or cause of the discrepancy. This could be the 1 in 20
that its technique has no bias. Therefore two more case, the sample subdivision may not have
of the identical samples are sent to another produced identical subsamples or the results
laboratory experienced in the test, which obtains produced by the second laboratory may not be
values of 59 and 57. The means for the two correct. Where a check of the apparatus and
laboratories are thus 62.5 and 58.0 respectively. procedure does not reveal anything incorrect it is
recommended that further cooperative tests be
arranged with additional laboratories.
--`,,``,`,``,,,``,,````,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
14
~~ ~
~~~
~
S T D - B S I B S B I Z : PART 2 - E N G L 1775 II Lb24bb9 075b273 2 0 3 111
BS812:Part2: 1995
List of references
--`,,``,`,``,,,``,,````,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Normative references
BSI publications
BRìTISH STANDARDS INsTITUlïON, London
BS 604 : 1982 Spec@Xcat.ion for graduated glass rneasuri~cglinders

BS 812 : 7èstin.g aggregates
BS 812 : Part 102 : 1989 Methods for sampling
i3S 812 : Part 109 : 1990 Methodsfor determination of nwkture content
BS 1881 : mting concrete
Informative references
BSI publications
BRITISH STANDARDSINSTITUTION, London
BS 2846 : Guide to statistical interpretation of data

BS EN 196 : Methods of testing cement
BS EN 196-6: 1992 D e m i n a t i o n of fineness
S T D * B S I B S 812: P A R T EI-ENGL 1775 l b 2 4 b b 9 07Cb27LI L4T E
BS 812 : Issue 3, February 1999

Part 2 : 1995
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AMD 9195
Amendment No. 1
published and effective from 15 September 1996
to BS 812 :Part 2 : 1995
Testing aggregates
Part 2. Methods for determination of density
Instructions for replacement of pages

Where oniy one of the two pages on each sheet has been updated, the other page has been reprinted.
Front cover and inside front cover Replace the pages
aandb Insert the pages immediately after the inside front cover
3and4 Replace the pages
9 and 10 Replace the pages
b i d e back cover and back cover Replace the pages
You may wish to retain the superseded pages, e.g. for reference purposes, if so please mark them ‘Superseded by
issue X, where ‘X is the appropriate issue number. If you do not wish to reîain the superseded pages, please
destroy them.
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-~
S T D - B S I B S 812: PART 2-ENGL 1995 = Lb2qbb9 075b27b TL2 I

AMD 10379
Amendment No. 2
published and effective from 16 February 1999
to BS 812 :Part 2 : 1995
Testing aggregates
Part 2. Methods of determination of density

The followingpages contain new or revised text. Please remove any superseded pages and insertthe new or revised
pages in the position given in the summary of pages (see page a). Where only one of the two pages on each sheet
has been updated, the other page has been reprinted
Front cover and inside fiont cover
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a
U
3
10
13
Back cover
issue X’, where ‘X’ is the appropriate issue number. If you do not wish to retain the superseded pages, please
destroy them.
~ ~~
STD.BSI B S B I Z : PART 2-ENGL 1775 II Lb24bb9 0 7 5 b 2 7 7 959
AMD 10379h
Amendment No. 2
published and effective from 15 February 1999
to BS 812 : Part 2 : 1995
Testing aggregates
Part 2. Methods of determination of density

The following pages contain new or revised text. Please remove any supersededpages and insert the new or revised
pages in the position given in the summary of pages (see page a). Where only one of the two pages on each sheet
has been updated, the other page has been reprinted
Front cover and inside front cover

a
ii
3
10
13
Back cover
issue X’, where ‘X’ is the appropriate issue number. If you do not wish to retain the superseded pages, please
destroy them.
Correction
I Page 3 In 6.4.4 2nd para, the second word “apparent”should be deleted. I

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BRITISH STANDARD BS 812 :
Part 2 : 1995
Incorporating
Amendments Nos. 1
and 2
Testing aggregates
Part 2. Methods of determination
of density
Correction
Page 3 In 6.4.4 2nd para, the second word "apparent"should be deleted.
ICs 91.100.15
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NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT As PERMITTEDBY COPYRIGHTLAW
Committees responsible for this

British Standard
The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee
Bl502, Aggregates, upon which the following bodies were represented
Aggregate Concrete Block Association

Association of Consulljng Engineers
Association of Lightweight Aggregate Manufacturem
British Aggregate Construction Materials Industries
British Cement Association
British Civil Engineering Test Equipment Manufacturers’Association
British Geological Sciences
British Iron and Steel Producers’ Association
British Precast Concrete Federation Ltd.
British Ready Mixed Concrete Association
County Surveyors’Society
Department of the Environment
Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment)
Department of Pansport
Department of Tiansport cIi?insport Research Laboratory)
Electricity Association
Institute of Concrete Technology
Institution of Civil Engineers
Institution of Highways and si.ansportation
Institution of Stsuctural Engineers
Local Authority Organizations
Sand and Gravel Association Limited
Society of Chemical Industry
The foilowing bodies were also represented in the drafthg of this standard,through
subcommittees and panels
Department of li-ade and Industry (National Measurement

Accreditation Service)
Department of ’Iiransport (Hghways Agency)
This British Standard, having
been prepared under the
direction of the Sector Board for
Building and Civil Engineering,
was published under the
authority of the Standards Board
and comes into effect on
15 August 1995
O BSI 02-1999
First published August 1975

Second edition August 1995 Amd. No. Date Text affected
Third edition February 1999
9195 September Indicated by a sideline in the margin
1996
10379 1 y&-uary I Indicated by a sideline
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The following BSI references

relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference BI602
Draft for comment 94106633 DC
ISBN O 580 24267 9

Issue 3, February 1999 BS 812 :Part 2 : 1995
Summary of pages
The following table identifies the current issue of each page. Issue 1 indicates that a page has been introduced
for the first time by amendment. Subsequent issue numbers indicate an updated page. Vertical sidelining on
replacement pages indicates the most recent changes (amendment, addition, deletion).
Issue
Front cover 3 4 to 9 original

Inside front cover 3 10 3
a 3 11 Originai
b blank 12 Original
i original 13 2
ii 2 14 Original
1 Original Inside back cover Original
2 Original Back cover 3
3 4
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O BSI 02-1999 a
BS 812 : Part 2 : 1995
Contents
Page
Committees responsible Inside front cover
Foreword ii
Methods
1 Scope 1
2 References 1
3 Reporting 1
4 Significance of results 1
6 Determination of particle densities and water absorption 1
6 Determination of bulk density, voids and bulking 8
Annex
A (informative) Repeatability and reproducibility of test results . 13
ables
1 Details of containers to be used for the bulk density tests 9
A.1 Estimates of repeatability and reproducibility 14
Figures
1 Section of a pyknometer made from a preserving jar 4
2 Estimation of free-running condition of fine aggregate 6
3 W e r compaction apparatus 11
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i
Foreword
This Part of BS 812 has been prepared by Technical Committee B/502. This edition
introduces technical changes but does not reflect a full review or revision of the
standard. Work on testing procedures for aggregates is being carried out in Europe
under the auspices of CEN/TC 154,Aggregates. The methods described in this Part of
BS 812 are included in the programme of work of CEN/"rC154 and wiU be superseded
by European Standards which will be published in due course.
This standard supersedes BS 812 :Part 2 : 1975,which is withdrawn.
in this edition, for h d t h and safety reasons, the use of toluene has been replaced by
the use of kerosene in the method for the determination of bulk density of filler. The
tests described in this Part are now based on particle density rather than relative
density an4 because the determination of moisture content of aggregates, formerly
included in this Part,is now covered by BS 812 : Part 109, the title of the 1975edition,
Methodsfor determination of phgsicai pvperties is no longer appropriate and has
been amended to reflect the revised content. The opportunity has alsa been taken to
update references to other Pasts of BS 812 that have been published following the 1975
revision of this Part.. BS 812 comprises the following Parts:
Part 100 Geneml requirmtsfor apparatus and calibration
Part 101 Guide to sampling and testing aggregates
Part 102 Methodsfor sampling
Part 103 Methodsfor determination of partick size distribution
Part 104 Method for qualitative and quantitative petrographic examination of
aggregates
Part 105 Methods for deterrnimtwn of partick shape
Part 106 Method for determination of s M content in coarse aggregate
Part 109 Methods for deterrnination of m i s t u r e content
Part 111 Methods for determimtion of ten per cent fim values ( T W
Part 112 Methods for determination of aggregate impact value (m
Part 113 Method for determination of aggregate abrasion value (AW)
Part 114 Method for determination of th?polished-stone value
Part 117 Method for determination of water-soluble c W d e salts
Part 118 Methods for deterrnination of sulphate content
Part 119 Method for determination of and-soluble mutericd infine aggregate
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Part 120 Method for testing and class?&ing drying shrinhxqe of aggregates in
concrete
Part 121 Method for determination of soundness
Part 124 Method for determination of frost-heave
A British standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.
ii O BSI 02-1999
Issue 4,February 1999 BS 812 : Part 2 : 1996
6.3.6 Reporting of results 6.4.3 Test procedure

The mean result shall be reported for each form of Immerse the prepared test sample in water in the
particle density determined, the title of which shall glass vessel; it shall remain immersed at a
be quoted in full. In no circumstances shall the temperature of 20 "C 5 "C for 24 h 0.5 h. Soon
shortened title 'particle density' be used in relation to after immersion and again at the end of the soaking
any values quoted. The size of aggregate tested, and period, remove air entrapped in, or bubbles on the
whether it was artificially heated before the start of surface of, the aggregate by gentle agitation. This
the test shall be stated. Values of particle density may be achieved by rapid clockwise and
shall be reported to the nearest 0.01 Mg/m3 and those anticlockwise rotation of the vessel between the
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for water absorption to the nearest 0.1 %. operator's hands.
6.4 Method for aggregates between 40 mm Overfill the vessel by adding water and slide the
and 6 mm plane-ground glass disc over the mouth so as to
ensure that no air is trapped in the vessel. Then dry
6.4.1 Apparatus the vessel on the outside and weight it (mass B).
NOTE.Ail apparatus described should conform to the general Then empty the vessel and allow the aggregate to
requirements of BS 812 : Part 100. drain while the vessel is refilled with water, sliding
6.4.1.1 Balance, of capacity not less than 3 kg, the glass disc into position as before. Then dry the
accurate to O. 5 g and of such a type as to permit vessel on the outside and weigh it (mass C).
weighing of the vessel containing the aggregate and The difference in the temperature of the water in the
water. vessel during the first and second weighings shall
6.4.1.2 WeU ventilated oven, thermostatically
not exceed 2 OC.
controlled to maintain a temperature of 105 "C f 5 "C. Place the aggregate on a dry cloth and gently
surfacedry it with the cloth, transferring it to a
6.4.1.3 Wide-mouthed glass vessel, such as a gas second dry cloth when the first will remove no
jar, of 1.0 1 to 1.5 1 capacity, with a flat ground lip and further moisture. Then spread it out not more than
a planeground disc of plate glass to cover it, giving one stone deep on the second cloth and leave it
a watertight fit. exposed to the atmosphere away from direct sunlight
6.4.1.4 Two d r y soft absorbent cloths, each not less or any other source of heat until all visible films of
than 750 mm X 450 mm. water are removed but the aggregate still has a damp
appearance. Weigh the aggregate (mass A). If the
6.4.1.6 Shallow tray, of area not less than 0.03 m2. apparent particle density only is required the
6.4.1.6 Airtight container, large enough to take the operations described in this paragraph may be
sample. omitted.
Place the aggregate in the shallow tray in the oven at
6.4.1.7 5.0 mm BS test sieve (see 6.4 of a temperature of 105 "C 5 "C for 24 h f 0.5 h. Then
BS 812 : Section 103.1: 1985). cool it in the airtight container and weight it
6.4.1.8 Supply of water, free from any impurity (mass O). If the particle density on a saturated and
(e.g. dissolved air) that would significantly affect its surface-dried basis only is required, the operations
density. If distilled or deionized water is not described in this paragraph may be omitted.
available in sufficient quantity, tap water which has 6.4.4 Calculations
been freshly boiled and cooled to room temperature
may be used. This water shall be used throughout The particle density on an oven-dried basis
the test. (in Mg/m3) is calculated from the formula:
D
6.4.2 Sample for test
A - @ - C)
A sample of about 1kg of the aggregate shall be
used. Aggregates which have been artificially heated
The particle density on a saturated and I
surface-dried basis (in Mg/m3) is calculated from the
shall not normally be used; if such material is used,
formula:
the fact shall be stated in the report. Two tests shall
be made. The sample for test shall be thoroughly A
washed on the test sieve to remove finer particles A - @ - C)
and drained. The apparent particle density (in Mg/m3) is I
D
D-(B- C)
O BSI 02-1999 3
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BS 812 : Part 2 : 1995
The water absorption (as % of dry mass) is b) Wide-mouthed glass vessel, such as a gas jar,
calculated from the following formula: of 1.0 1 to 1.5 1 capacity, with a flat-ground lip
100 ( A - D ) and a plane-ground disc of plate glass to cover it,
D giving a watertight fit.
where
Approximately
A is the mass of the saturated surface-dry / 6 m m dia. hole
sample in air (in g);
B is the mass of vessel containing sample and
filled with water (in g); Brass conical
C is the mass of vessel filled with water only

(in g); Rubber washer
D is the mass of the oven-dry sample in air
(in g). Screw
ring
The mean result shall be reported for each form of
be quoted in full. In no circumstances shall the
shortened title ‘particle density’ be used in relation Giass jar
to any values quoted. The size of aggregate tested,
and whether it has been artificially heated before
the start of the test shalì be stated. The values of
particle density shall be reported to the
nearest 0.01 Mg/m3 and those for water absorption
to the nearest O. 1 %.
5.5 Method for aggregates 10 mm nominai size
and smaller
5.5.1 Apparatus Figure 1. Section of a pyknometer made
from a preserving jar
NOTE. All apparatus described should conform to the general
5.5.1.1 Balance, of capacity not less than 3 kg, 5.6.1.4 Hair-dryw, or other means of supplying a
accurate to 0.5 g and of such a type as to permit current of warm air.
the weighing of the vessel containing the aggregate
and water. 5.5.1.5 WatmtXght tray, of area not less
than 0.03 m2.
controlled to maintain a temperature 5.5.1.6 Airtight container,large enough to take
of 105 OC f 5 OC. the sample.
5.5.1.3 Vessel, capable of holding 0.5 kg to 1.0 kg 5.5.1.7 C o n h i w , of a size sufficient to contain
of material up to 10 mm nominal size and capable the sample covered with water and to permit
of being filled with water to a constant volume vigorous agitation without loss of any part of the
with an accuracy of f 0.5 ml. The following sample or water.
vessels are suitable.
5.5.1.8 75 pm BS &st sieve (see 5.4 of BS 812 :
a) Glass vessel, referred to later as a pyknometer, Section 103.1 : 1985) and a nesting sieve to protect
of about 1 1 capacity, having a metal conical the 75 pm test sieve, e.g. a 1.18 mm sieve.
screw top with an approximately 6 mm diameter
hole at its apex. The screw top shall be 5.5.1.9 Supply of water,free from any impurity
watertight when it is screwed on to the jar, and, (e.g. dissolved air) that would significantly affect
if necessary, a rubber or fibre washer shall be its density. If distilled or deionized water is not
inserted in the joint. If such a washer is used, a available in sufficient quantity, tap water which
mark shall be made on the jar to correspond with has been freshly boiled and cooled to room
a mark on the screw top so that the screw is temperature may be used. This water shall be used
tightened to the same position every time and throughout the test.
the volume contained by the jar is constant
throughout the test, A suitable vessel can be 5.5.1.10 Metal mould (optional), in the form of a
made from a 1 kg fruit preserving jar in which frustum of a cone 40 mm diameter at the top,
the glass lid normally used is replaced by a sheet 90 mm at the bottom and 75 mm high, the metal
metal cone as shown in figure 1. to have a minimum thickness of 900 pm.
4
BS 812 : part 2 : 1995
6.3.3 Condition of sample 6.3.4.2 Uncompacted bulk density

The test for bulk density shall be made on oven-dry 73 determine the loose mass (uncompacted
or saturated surface-dry material. The test for bulk density) carry out the test as described in
voids shall be made on oven-dry material. The test (6.3.4.1) except that the compaction with the
for bulking shall be made initially on oven-dry tamping rod shall be omitted.
material and then at the required test moisture 6.3.5 Calculation of voids
content. In this test voids are expressed as a percentage of
6.3.4 Test procedure the volume of the test cylinder. They are
The size of the container to be used is given determined from the difference between the
in table 1. The test procedure shall be as described volume of the test cylinder and the calculated
in 6.3.4.1 and 6.3.4.2. volume of the aggregate.
6.3.4.1 Cmpacted bulk density (not applicable to The percentage of voids is given by the formula:
moist fine aggregate)
Fill the container about one-third full with the
thoroughly mixed aggregate by means of a shovel
100 (V)
or scoop, the aggregate being discharged from a where
height not exceeding 50 mm above the top of the
container. l à k e care to prevent, so far as is a is the particle density of the aggregate, on
possible, segregation of the particle sizes of which an oven-dry basis, determined in
the sample is composed. Then give the required accordance with 5.3, 6.4, 6.6 or 6.6;
number of compactive blows (see table 1) to the b is the bulk density of oven-dry aggregate as
aggregate, each blow being given by allowing the determined in 6.3.4 compacted or
tamping rod to fall freely from a height of 50 mm uncompacted as required.
above the surface of the aggregate, the blows being
evenly distributed over the surface. Add a further 6.3.6 Calculation of bulking
similar quantity of aggregate in the same manner In this test, bulking is expressed as the increase in
and give the same number of blows. Fill the volume, as a percentage of original volume, of a
container to overflowing, tamp it again with the mass of fine aggregate whose moisture content is
same number of blows, and remove the surplus increased from the oven-dry condition to a test
aggregate by rolling the tamping rod across and in moisture content.
contact with the top of the container, any The percentage bulking at test moisture content
aggregate which impedes its progress being (M) is given by the formula:
removed by hand, and add aggregate to fill any
obvious depressions. For 6 mm aggregate or
smaller, the surface may be struck off, using the
tamping rod as a straight edge. Then determine the
mass of the aggregate in the container. Make two where
tests and calculate the bulk density in megagrams
per cubic metre using the calibrated volume b is the uncompacted bulk density of oven-dry
determined as in 6.3.2, from the mean of the two fine aggregate determined according
masses. to 6.3.4
I a b l e i. Details of containers to be used for the bulk density tests

Internai depth Minimum Compacted bulk density Uncompacted bulk
(approximate) thickness density
(approximate) of metai
I l mm mm
Nominal size of
aggregate up to
and including:
mm
Number of
compactive blows
per layer
Nominal size of
aggregate up to
and including
mm
0.03 350 300 5.0 50 100 50
0.015 250 300 4.0 28 50 14
0.012) 200 320 4.0 20 40 20
0.007 200 225 3.0 14 30 6
0.003 150 150 3.0 6 20 -
'1 Containers of 1 ft', 112 fts, 1/4 fts and 1/10 ft3 nominal capacity respectively conforming to the requirements of the
superseded 1967 edition of BS 812 shall be deemed to conform to these requirements.
y ) The container of nominal volume 0.01 m3 is equivalent to that used to determine the density of compacted fresh concrete as
described in RS 1881. BS 1881 defines dimensional tolerances for the container.
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9
BS 812 : Part 2 : 1996 Issue 3, February 1999
c is the uncompacted bulk density, as Place the first test specimen into a measuring
determined in accordance with 6.3.4, of fine cylinder, half fill the cylinder with kerosene, then
aggregate at test moisture content; stopper the cylinder and shake it until the filler is
completely wetted. Add more kerosene to the
M is the test moisture content on oven-dry basis cylinder so that the level is about 40 mm from the
in accordance with BS 812 : Part 109. top. Stopper the cylinder and shake again.
6.3.7 Reporting of results To ensure that the filler is in complete suspension in
the kerosene, carry out the following procedure
The bulk density shall be reported as the compacted immediately after the second shaking. Invert the
or uncompacted bulk density in megagrams per cylinder and keep it in an inverted position whilst
cubic metre to the nearest 0.01 Mg/m3. The condition the air-bubble travels the length of the cylinder.
of the aggregate at the time of test shall be stated, Immediately return the cylinder to the upright
i.e. oven-dry, saturated or surface-dry. The position and hold it still until the &-bubble returns
percentage voids and the percentage bulking, if to the top. Repeat this procedure a further four
required, shall be reported to the nearest whole times in rapid succession, then immediately stand
number. the cylinder on a vibration-free surface. If any
6.4 Method for the determination of bulk particles of filler stick to the side of the cylinder
density of filler in kerosene above the level of kerosene, carefully wash them
back into the liquid using a small additional quantity
6.4.1 Apparatus and materials of kerosene.
NOTE. AU apparatus described should conform to the general Leave the cylinder undisturbed for at least 6 h before
reading and recording the observed level of the filler
I 6.4.1.1 50 ml glass-stoppered measuring cylinder, as its bulk volume (V) to the nearest millilitre.
of about 200 mm long and 22 mm to 25 mm internal Repeat this procedure for the second and third test
diameter, calibrated in millilitres and conforming
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specimens.
to BS 604.
6.4.3 Calculations
6.4.1.2 Balance, of capacity not less than 100 g,
The bulk density for each test specimen shall be
readable to 0.01 g.
calculated to the nearest 0.01 Mg/m3 using the
6.4.1.3 Well ventilated oven, thermostatically following formula:
controlled to maintain a temperature of 105 "C f 5 "C. 10N
6.4.1.4 Desiccator. where V is the bulk volume as determined in 6.4.2.
6.4.1.6 Redistilled kerosene (parafiin oil), Calculate the mean of the three values of bulk
petroleum distillate with a boiling range density determined using the above equation, to the
I between 180 "C and 280 "C. nearest
differ by
0.01
more
Mg/m3. If any of the individual results
than 0.05 Mg/m3 from the mean value,
NOTE. The displacement liquid described in national annex NC.3
of BS EN 1966 : 1992, used in the method of testing cement, is discard that individual result and determine the bulk
suitable. density of two further test specimens taken from the
same test portion.
6.4.2 Test procedure
Reduce the laboratory sample by the procedures 6.4.4 Reporting of results
described in clause 6 of BS 812 : Part 102 : 1989 to The mean value of the three or more results to the
produce a test portion of sufficient mass to produce nearest O. 1Mg/m3 shall be reported as the bulk
five test specimens. density of the fiier in kerosene.
Dry the test portion of filler at a temperature NOTE. The value of the bulk density in megagrams per cubic
of 105 "C 5 "C for at least 4 h. Cool to room
temperature in the desiccator. Weigh out three test
*
metre is numerically identical to the value of the bulk density
expressed in grams per millilitre.
specimens of filler, each of a mass of 10 g 0.01 g. 6.4.6 Test report
The report shall affirm that the bulk density of filler
in kerosene was determined in accordance with this
Part of BS 812 and whether or not a certificate of
sampling is available. If available, a copy of the
certificate shall be provided. The test report shall
contain the following additional information:
a) sample identification;
b) the bulk density of filler in kerosene.
10 @ BSI 02-1999
S T D S B S I B S 812: P A R T 2-ENGL 1995 E L b 2 4 b b 9 075b287 8 T B E
Issue 2, February 1999 BS 812 :Part 2 : 1995
Annexes
Annex A (informative) For the purposes of this standard the identical test
material is obtained by h t dividhg a sample of
Repeatability and reproducibility of test twicez) the amount required to obtain a single test
results result into two equal portions, one for each laboratory
and then, where appropriait!, each laboratory reduces
A.1 General each portion to the amount required for single
The distribution of results of any test on any material determinations by the sample reduction procedure
stems from a number of contributing factors and to described in clause 6 of BS 812 : Part 102 : 1989.
allow for these factors in comparing results by the Mathematica& the precision statements are of the
same test operator or results by test operators working form:
in different laboratories estimates of the distribution
are required. Such estimates are given in this annex r = 1.96 $01
together with the definition of the terms ‘repeatability’
and ’reproducibility’which are used in assessing the R = 1.96@ 4-
distribution of test resuh. An example of the
application of the estimate is also given. The values
may also be useful in setting limits in specifications for where
materials and in assessing the difference between
different materiais. 01 is the best estimate of single-operator
A.2 Definitions standard deviation3) within a laboratory;
For the purposes of this annex the following 02 is the standard deviation3) applicable to all
definitions apply causes of vanability other than repeatability
of testing when results of different operators
A.2.1 value in different laboratories are compared.
Where results are reported as a mean of two or more
determinations the figures for repeatability and A.3 Estimates of repeatability and
reproducibility are based on this mean value. reproducibility
A.2.2 repeatability (r) Table A l gives estimates of repeatability and
Quantitative expression of the random error associated reproducibilisr for the tests in this standard for which
with a single test operator in a given laboratory figures are at present available. These values represent
obtaining successive results with the same apparatus the greatest differences that can be expected between
under constant operating conditions on identical test test results on duplicate samples in the normal run of
material. It is defied as that difference between two testing within and between laboratories respectively
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such single results as would be exceeded in the long
run in only 1 case in 20 in the normal and correct
operation of the test method.
For the purposes of this standard the identical test
material for repeatability tests is obtained by dividing a
sample of twicg) the amount required to obtain a
single test result by the sample reduction procedure
described in clause 6 of BS 812 : Part 102 : 1989.
A.2.3 reproducibility (R)
Quantitative expression of the random error associated
with test operators working in different laboratories,
each obtaining single results on identical test material
when applying the same method. It is defined as that
difference between two such single and independent
results as would be exceeded in the long run in only
1case in 20 in the normal and correct operation of the
test method.
2, These quantities are given for the purpose of defining ‘identicalmaterial‘. Estimates of (Y) and reproducibility (R) should be based on
a larger number of tests and laboratories.
3, Standard deviation is defined in BS 2846.
O BSI 02-1999 13
~~ ~~~ ~
STD.BSI B S B I Z : FART 2-ENGL 1975 Lb24bb9 075b288 734
BS 812 : Part 2 : 1995

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Annex A
I %ble A. 1 Estimates of repeatability and reproducibility

-
Repeatability r Reproducibility R
Particle density (wire-basket method,
saturated surface-dried basis):
most aggregates 0.02 Mg/m3 0.04 Mg/m3
some porous aggregates of low density up to 0.04 Mg/m3 up to 0.08 Mg/m3

(<2.60)
Water absorption 5 % of value recorded 10 % of value recorded
I Bulk density 0.01 Mdm3 0.02 Mg/m3
A.4 An example of the application of estimates Were these the results of singie determinations the
A laboratory purchases secondhand equipment for difference (4.5) would be less than the
the polished-stone value determination and wishes reproducibility of the test (6.0) and there would be
to reassure itself that its technique and equipment no cause for concern but the difference should be
are satisfactory. It prepares a number of identical compared with 6.0142 = 4.2 because the values of
subsamples from a large sample of aggregate and reproducibility (and repeatability) for the means of
tests two of them, obtaining results of 61 and 64 results are inversely proportional to the square root
respectively. Because the difference between these of the number of tests used to derive the mean. It
results (3 units) is less than the repeatability of the can be seen that the difference slightly exceeds the
test (4.9), the laboratory has no reason to doubt reproducibility figure calculated above and hence
the consistency of its testing. However, this gives further investigation is necessary to establish the
no guarantee that its equipment is satisfactory or cause of the discrepancy. This could be the 1 in 20
that its technique has no bias. Therefore two more case, the sample subdivision may not have
of the identical samples are sent to another produced identical subsamples or the results
laboratory experienced in the test, which obtains produced by the second laboratory may not be
values of 59 and 57. The means for the two correct. Where a check of the apparatus and
laboratories are thus 62.5 and 58.0 respectively. procedure does not reveal anything incorrect it is
recommended that further cooperative tests be
arranged with additional laboratories.
14
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BS812:Part2: 1995
List of references
Normative references
BSI publications
BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION, London
BS 604 : 1982 Specìficatwnfor graduated glass waswing cylinders

Bs 812 : %ting aggregates
BS 812 : Part 102 : 1989 Methods for sampling
BS 812 : Part 109 : 1990 Methods for detemzination of moisture content
BS 1881 l&sting c o w &
Informative references
BSI publications
BRITISH STANDARDS INS"UTION, London
BS 2846 : Guide to statistical interpretation of datu

BS EN 196 : Methods of testing cement
BS EN 196-6 : 1992 Determination of fineness
STD.BSI BS B I Z : P A R T 21-ENGL I1975 L b 2 4 b b 9 D75b27D 372
BS 812 : Issue 3, February 1999

Part 2 :1995
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BSI electronic information services are also available which give details on all its
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S T D - B S I BS 812: P A R T 2-ENGL 1 7 7 5 8a 1b24bbS 0 7 5 b 2 5 4 351 1111

BRITISH STANDARD BS 812 :

Corrected and reprinted, March 1999

Page 3 In 6.4.4 2nd para, the second word “apparent”should be deleted.

NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTEDBY COPYRIGHTLAW

Committees responsible for this

Aggregate Concrete Block Association

Deparhnent of M e and Industry (National Measurement

ISBN O 680 24257 9

Issue 3, Februayy 1999 BS 812 :Part 2 : 1995

f Scope 4 Significance of results

6.3.6 Reporting of results 6.4.3 Test procedure

BS 812 : Part 2 : 1995

STD.BSI BS B L 2 : PART 2-ENGL 1 9 9 5 Lb24bb9 075b2b3 3 b 4 I I

S T D * B S I B S B I Z : P A R T 2-ENGL 1775 LbE-lfbbS 075bZb4 2TR E

a) Aggregate moist; almost retains complete shape of metal

b) Aggregate slightly moist; appreciable slump observed

c) Aggregate saturated surfacedry; almost complete collapse but

d) Aggregate nearly oven dry; no distinct peak, surface outline

STD.BS1 B S 812: PART 2-ENGL 1995 237

mbar = 10’ N/m2 = 0.1 kPa. --`,,``,`,``,,,``,,````,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

S T D - B S I BS 412: P A R T 2-ENGL 1 9 9 5 Lb24bb9 075b2bb O73 m

5.7.3.3 Determination of particle density of filler 6 Determination of bulk density, voids

I) mbar = lo2 N/m2 = 0.1 kPa.

6.3.3 Condition of sample 6.3.4.2 Uncompacted bulk density

a b l e 1. Details of containers to be used for the bu& density tests

S T D * B S I B S B 1 2 : P A R T 2-ENGL 1795 m LbZ4bbS 075bZbB 7 4 b m

6.5.1.1 Apparatus, of the form shown in figure 3,

the cylinder without lateral play, provided with a

filler in the cylinder to an accuracy of 0.1 mm. U

on any part, During use the apparatus shall be held

BS 812 : Part 2 : 1995 Annex A

a b l e A. 1 Estimates of repeatability and reproducibility

most aggregates 0.02 Mg/m3 0.04 Mg/m3

some porous aggregates of low density up to 0.04 Mg/m3 up to 0.08 Mg/m3

Water absorption 5 % of value recorded 10 %! of value recorded

Bulk density 0.01 Mg/m3 0.02 Mdm3

S T D - B S I B S B I Z : PART 2 - E N G L 1775 II Lb24bb9 075b273 2 0 3 111

BS 604 : 1982 Spec@Xcat.ion for graduated glass rneasuri~cglinders

BS 2846 : Guide to statistical interpretation of data

BS 812 : Issue 3, February 1999

Instructions for replacement of pages

S T D - B S I B S 812: PART 2-ENGL 1995 = Lb2qbb9 075b27b TL2 I

Instructions for replacement of pages

Front cover and inside fiont cover

STD.BSI B S B I Z : PART 2-ENGL 1775 II Lb24bb9 0 7 5 b 2 7 7 959

Instructions for replacement of pages

Front cover and inside front cover

Corrected and reprinted, March 1999

I Page 3 In 6.4.4 2nd para, the second word “apparent”should be deleted. I

Corrected and reprinted, March 1999

Page 3 In 6.4.4 2nd para, the second word "apparent"should be deleted.

Committees responsible for this

Aggregate Concrete Block Association

Department of li-ade and Industry (National Measurement

First published August 1975

The following BSI references

ISBN O 580 24267 9

Front cover 3 4 to 9 original

6.3.6 Reporting of results 6.4.3 Test procedure

C is the mass of vessel filled with water only

6.3.3 Condition of sample 6.3.4.2 Uncompacted bulk density

I a b l e i. Details of containers to be used for the bulk density tests