𝐴 𝑛×𝑛 𝐵

𝑨𝑩 = 𝑩𝑨 = 𝑰𝒏 .
𝐵 𝐴.

7 4 1 2 0
𝐴=
5 3 𝐴 = 2 1 −1
3 −1 0
3 −4
𝐵=
−5 7 1 0 2
1
𝐵= 3 0 −1
7 4 3 −4 1 0 7
𝐴𝐵 = = = 𝐼2 5 −7 3
5 3 −5 7 0 1
1 1 0 2 1 2 0 1 0 0
𝐵𝐴 = 3 0 −1 2 1 −1 = 0 1 0 = 𝐼3
7
5 −7 3 3 −1 0 0 0 1
 𝐴 𝑛×𝑛

𝐴 𝐴
−1
𝐴 .

7 4 3 −4 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 2 0 1 0 0
𝐴𝐵 = = = 𝐼2
5 3 −5 7 0 1 𝐵𝐴 = 3 0 −1 2 1 −1 = 0 1 0 = 𝐼3
7
5 −7 3 3 −1 0 0 0 1
𝐵𝐴 = 𝐼2 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐼3
𝐵 𝐴 𝐵 𝐴 𝐵 = 𝐴−1 .
𝐵 = 𝐴−1 .
1 2 0 1 0 2
1
7 4 3 −4 𝐴 = 2 1 −1 𝐵=𝐴−1
= 3 0 −1
𝐴= 𝐵 = 𝐴−1 = . 7
5 3 −5 7 3 −1 0 5 −7 3
 𝐴 𝑛×𝑛 𝐴 det(𝐴) ≠ 0
𝐴
1
det 𝐴−1 = .
det 𝐴

𝐴 𝑛×𝑛 𝑀𝑖𝑗 (𝑛 − 1) × (𝑛 − 1) 𝐴
𝑖 𝑗, 𝑖𝑗 𝐴

1 0 2
𝐴 = 3 0 −1
5 −7 3
3 0
𝐴 𝑀13 =
5 −7
1 2
𝑀32 =
3 −1
𝐴 𝑛 × 𝑛. 𝑖𝑗 𝐴 𝐴𝑖𝑗
𝑖+𝑗
𝐴𝑖𝑗 = −1 𝑀𝑖𝑗 .

𝑖+𝑗
𝑖𝑗 𝐴 𝑖𝑗 −1

1 𝑠𝑖 𝑖 + 𝑗 𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟
𝑖+𝑗
−1 =൞
−1 𝑠𝑖 𝑖 + 𝑗 𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟

−4 −5 6
𝐴= 2 1 0
8 7 9

1+2 2 0
𝐴12 = −1 𝑀12 = −1 = −18.
8 9

3+3 −4 −5
𝐴33 = −1 𝑀33 = 1 = 6.
2 1
 𝐴 𝑛×𝑛 𝐵 𝐴
adj 𝐴 𝐵.
𝑨𝟏𝟏 𝑨𝟏𝟐 ⋯ 𝑨𝟏𝒏
𝑨 𝑨𝟐𝟐 ⋯ 𝑨𝟐𝒏
𝐵 = 𝐴𝑖𝑗 𝐴 𝑩 = 𝟐𝟏 ⋯
⋮ ⋮ ⋮
𝑨𝒏𝟏 𝑨𝒏𝟐 ⋯ 𝑨𝒏𝒏

𝑎11 𝑎12
𝐴 = 𝑎 𝑎22 2×2
21

𝑎22 −𝑎12
adj 𝐴 = −𝑎 𝑎11
21
 𝐴 𝑛×𝑛
𝟏
𝑨−𝟏 = 𝒂𝒅𝒋 𝑨
𝐝𝐞𝐭 𝑨

1 2 0
𝐴 = 2 1 −1 𝐴−1 .
3 −1 0

det 𝐴 = −7 ≠ 0 𝐴
−1 0 −2
𝐴 adj 𝐴 = −3 0 1
−5 7 −3

−1 0 −2 1 0 2
−1 1 1
𝐴 =− −3 0 1 =7 3 0 −1
7 1 1 0
−1
2 1 2 0 1 0 0
−5 7 −3 5 −7 3 𝐴 𝐴 = 3 0 −1 2 1 −1 = 0 1 0 = 𝐼3
7
5 −7 3 3 −1 0 0 0 1
 𝒎 𝑛 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , ⋯ , 𝑥𝑛
𝑚 𝑛

𝑎11 𝑥1 + 𝑎12 𝑥2 + ⋯ + 𝑎1𝑛 𝑥𝑛 = 𝑏1

𝑎21 𝑥1 + 𝑎22 𝑥2 + ⋯ + 𝑎2𝑛 𝑥𝑛 = 𝑏2
⋮ + ⋮ +⋯+ ⋮ = ⋮
𝑎𝑚1 𝑥1 + 𝑎𝑚2 𝑥2 + ⋯ + 𝑎𝑚𝑛 𝑥𝑛 = 𝑏𝑚

𝑎𝑖𝑗 𝑖
𝑖− 𝑗 𝑗− 𝑥𝑗
𝑏1 , 𝑏2 , ⋯ , 𝑏𝑚 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , ⋯ , 𝑥𝑛
 𝑎11 𝑎12 ⋯ 𝑎1𝑛 𝑥1 𝑏1
𝑎21 𝑎22 ⋯ 𝑎2𝑛 𝑥2 𝑏2
⋮ ⋮ ⋱ ⋮ ⋮ = ⋮
𝑎𝑚1 𝑎𝑚2 ⋯ 𝑎𝑚𝑛 𝑥𝑛 𝑏𝑚

𝑨𝑿 = 𝑩

𝑎11 𝑎12 ⋯ 𝑎1𝑛 𝑥1 𝑏1

𝑎21 𝑎22 ⋯ 𝑎2𝑛 𝑥2 𝑏
𝐴= ⋱ 𝑋= ⋮ 𝐵= 2
⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮
𝑎𝑚1 𝑎𝑚2 ⋯ 𝑎𝑚𝑛 𝑥𝑛 𝑏𝑚

𝐴∶
𝑋∶
𝐵∶
𝐵 = 𝟎
 𝒏
𝒏

𝑎11 𝑥1 + 𝑎12 𝑥2 + ⋯ + 𝑎1𝑛 𝑥𝑛 = 𝑏1

𝑎21 𝑥1 + 𝑎22 𝑥2 + ⋯ + 𝑎2𝑛 𝑥𝑛 = 𝑏2
⋮ + ⋮ +⋯+ ⋮ = ⋮
𝑎𝑛1 𝑥1 + 𝑎𝑛2 𝑥2 + ⋯ + 𝑎𝑛𝑛 𝑥𝑛 = 𝑏𝑛

𝐴𝑋 = 𝐵

det 𝐴 ≠ 0.
• 𝐴

Columna 𝒊

𝑎11 ⋯ 𝑎1𝑖−1 𝑏1 𝑎1𝑖+1 ⋯ 𝑎1𝑛

𝑎21 ⋯ 𝑎2𝑖−1 𝑏2 𝑎2𝑖+1 ⋯ 𝑎2𝑛
⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋯ ⋮
𝐴𝑖 = 𝑎 𝑎𝑖𝑖+1 𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑖 = 1,2,3, … , 𝑛
𝑖1 ⋯ 𝑎𝑖𝑖−1 𝑏𝑖 ⋯
⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋯ ⋮
𝑎𝑛1 ⋯ 𝑎𝑛𝑖−1 𝑏𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑖+1 ⋯ 𝑎𝑛𝑛

𝑏1 𝑎12 ⋯ 𝑎1𝑛 𝑎11 𝑏1 ⋯ 𝑎1𝑛

𝑏 𝑎22 ⋯ 𝑎2𝑛 𝑎 𝑏2 ⋯ 𝑎2𝑛
𝐴1 = 2 ⋮ ⋱ ⋮ 𝐴2 = 21⋮ ⋱ ⋮
⋮ ⋮
𝑏𝑛 𝑎𝑛2 ⋯ 𝑎𝑛𝑛 𝑎𝑛1 𝑏𝑛 ⋯ 𝑎𝑛𝑛
 𝑛 𝑛

𝑎11 𝑥1 + 𝑎12 𝑥2 + ⋯ + 𝑎1𝑛 𝑥𝑛 = 𝑏1

𝑎21 𝑥1 + 𝑎22 𝑥2 + ⋯ + 𝑎2𝑛 𝑥𝑛 = 𝑏2
⋮ + ⋮ +⋯+ ⋮ = ⋮
𝑎𝑛1 𝑥1 + 𝑎𝑛2 𝑥2 + ⋯ + 𝑎𝑛𝑛 𝑥𝑛 = 𝑏𝑛

det 𝐴 ≠ 0 ,
𝑨𝒊
𝒙𝒊 =
𝑨
𝑖 = 1,2,3, … , 𝑛
 𝑛 𝑛

𝒂𝟏𝟏 𝒙𝟏 + 𝒂𝟏𝟐 𝒙𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝒂𝟏𝒏 𝒙𝒏 = 𝒃𝟏

𝒂𝟐𝟏 𝒙𝟏 + 𝒂𝟐𝟐 𝒙𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝒂𝟐𝒏 𝒙𝒏 = 𝒃𝟐
⋮ + ⋮ +⋯+ ⋮ = ⋮
𝒂𝒏𝟏 𝒙𝟏 + 𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝒙𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝒂𝒏𝒏 𝒙𝒏 = 𝒃𝒏

det 𝐴 ≠ 0.

𝐴 𝐴−1 𝐴𝑋 = 𝐵

𝑨−𝟏 𝑨𝑿 = 𝑨−𝟏 𝑩 ⇔ 𝑰𝑿 = 𝑨−𝟏 𝑩

𝑿 = 𝑨−𝟏 𝑩.
𝟐×𝟐
𝟐×𝟐

𝑎11 𝑥 + 𝑎12 𝑦 = 𝑏1
𝑎21 𝑥 + 𝑎22 𝑦 = 𝑏2
𝑎11 𝑎12 , 𝑎21 , 𝑎22 𝑏1 𝑏2

(𝑥, 𝑦)
 𝑎11 𝑥 + 𝑎12 𝑦 = 𝑏1
𝑎21 𝑥 + 𝑎22 𝑦 = 𝑏2
𝑥 𝑦

𝐝𝐞𝐭(𝑨) = 𝒂𝟏𝟏 𝒂𝟐𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐𝟏 𝒂𝟏𝟐 ≠ 𝟎.

𝐝𝐞𝐭(𝑨) = 𝒂𝟏𝟏 𝒂𝟐𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐𝟏 𝒂𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎.

𝑎11 𝑥 + 𝑎12 𝑦 = 𝑏1
𝑎21 𝑥 + 𝑎22 𝑦 = 𝑏2

𝑥 𝑦
𝒂𝟏𝟏 𝒂𝟏𝟐 𝒃𝟏
≠ ≠ .
𝒂𝟐𝟏 𝒂𝟐𝟐 𝒃𝟐
𝒂𝟏𝟏 𝒂𝟏𝟐 𝒃𝟏
= = .
𝒂𝟐𝟏 𝒂𝟐𝟐 𝒃𝟐
𝒂𝟏𝟏 𝒂𝟏𝟐 𝒃𝟏
= ≠ .
𝒂𝟐𝟏 𝒂𝟐𝟐 𝒃𝟐
¡Éxitos!
o