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SLE234 - Microbiology
 Topic 3: Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Chapter 18 (12th) and Chapter 17 (14th), Brock)

Class 15
Thursday 9 April 2020*
ka3.403, 8 – 8:50 am
(*date, time and venue different for Burwood students)

A/Professor Cenk Suphioglu

cenk@deakin.edu.au
SLE234 - Microbiology
 EUKARYOTIC CELLS
Fungi, plants, algae, protozoa (protists), animals

• DNA in membrane-
bound nucleus

• DNA & RNA synthesis

occurs in nucleus,
protein synthesis
in cytoplasm

• Other functions
localised to other
membrane-bounded
structures: organelles
SLE234 - Microbiology
 Journey into the cell (2m):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1IqsE8CVT
ms

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 There is no intermediate cell type between proks and
euks, however, the Archaea have characteristics similar
to euks (e.g., lack of muramic acid, protein synthesis).

SLE234 - Microbiology
 The Tree of Life
is largely one of
microbes, even
the eukaryotes

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 ‘Algae’ are
phylogenetically
diverse

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 Where to root the Eukaryote tree? - still a problem …

S. Baldauf, The Deep Roots of Eukaryotes. Science (2003) 300:1703

SLE234 - Microbiology
 The shapes of Euk. cells are distinctive in comparison
to the generally simpler shapes of proks.
Mallomonas
Stramenopile

Emiliania huxleyi
Haptophyte (cocco)

dinoflagellates

Tour of Eukaryotes based on wall type, if present

SLE234 - Microbiology
 CELL WALL

• Material outside the plasma

membrane

• Present in algae, fungi and plant

cells; absent from animal cells and
most protozoa.

• often visible with the light

microscope; like these silica
(glass) scales and spines of a
heterokont alga

SLE234 - Microbiology
 • Excavates thought to
be ancient; e.g. some
have no mitochondria,
(Giardia), but we now
know they once had
them (relict mito. genes
in nucleus)
• Mostly parasites
* • No wall (don’t need it)

Giardia lamblia

SLE234 - Microbiology
 *
Euglenoids
(discicristates*)
Mostly photosynthetic,
closely related to
trypanosomes
*discoid mitochondrial
cristae
• pellicle-type ‘wall’
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 A trypanosome (kinetoplastid)

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SLE234 - Microbiology
 Trypanosomes cause African sleeping sickness
and leishmaniasis
Tsetse fly

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 Euglenoid Pellicle: rigid layer below
plasma membrane; proteinaceous
strips shaped by MTs - strips move
against one another, hence
characteristic and often plastic shape
of some spp.

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 *

Cryptophytes also
have a pellicle that
gives shape to these
small, unicellular
phytoplankton
(varied
pigments/colours)
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 Amoebae have no wall;
extend pseudopods to
get around (actin-based
** motility)

Prescott 27.3
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 slime moulds Dictyostelium

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 * Plasmodium (Apicomplexa, Alveolata)

No wall

The Alveolata contains

many parasites, and the
dinoflagellate ‘algae’

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 Plasmodium falciparum is the causitive agent of malaria

SLE234 - Microbiology
 Dinoflagellates (Alveolata)
are phytoplankton that can
sometimes bloom to plague
proportions and kill fish and
produce toxins dangerous to
humans

Cellulosic plates
make up the cell
wall

SLE234 - Microbiology
SLE234 - Microbiology
Algal (cellulosic) cell wall: cellulose, polymer of up to 8,000
glucose units, 4 µm in width

Cellulose molecules intertwined to form microfibrils 30-50 nm

diam, microfibrils overlap to form wall structure

Strength of wall increased by polymers of mannose, xylose

Dinos
Green algae
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 Some algae have walls of scales made from silica
or calcium carbonate - shapes!

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Diatoms have silica
frustules, and
chlorophylls a & c
SLE234 - Microbiology
 Next:

• Easter/Intra-trimester Break
10 – 19 April 2020

• Eukaryotic cell structure

cont…(Week 6)
• Seminar 2 (Week 6)
SLE234 - Microbiology