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Ep-Gis 46-010
Ep-Gis 46-010
1 July 2015
Specification for Pressure Vessels
Table of Contents
Page
1 Scope .................................................................................................................................... 8
2 Normative references............................................................................................................. 8
3 Terms and definitions........................................................................................................... 11
4 Symbols and abbreviations .................................................................................................. 13
5 Order of precedence ............................................................................................................ 15
6 Supplier’s responsibilities ..................................................................................................... 15
7 Design requirements ............................................................................................................ 16
7.1 General ..................................................................................................................... 16
7.2 Design loads and load combinations ......................................................................... 16
7.3 Wind loading ............................................................................................................. 17
7.4 Seismic loading ......................................................................................................... 18
7.5 Snow loading ............................................................................................................ 18
7.6 Motion induced loads ................................................................................................ 18
7.7 Cyclic loading ............................................................................................................ 19
7.8 Local loading............................................................................................................. 19
7.9 Wind-induced vibration of vertical vessels ................................................................. 19
7.10 Transportation loads ................................................................................................. 20
7.11 Lifting loads............................................................................................................... 20
7.12 Design calculations ................................................................................................... 21
7.13 Shock loading ........................................................................................................... 21
8 Materials requirements ........................................................................................................ 21
8.1 General ..................................................................................................................... 21
8.2 Certificates of compliance ......................................................................................... 22
8.3 Certified material test reports .................................................................................... 22
9 Vessel components.............................................................................................................. 22
9.1 Vessel shells and transitions ..................................................................................... 22
9.2 Formed heads........................................................................................................... 23
9.3 Connections, nozzles, and manways ........................................................................ 23
9.4 Flanges ..................................................................................................................... 26
9.5 Blind flanges and bolted flat heads ........................................................................... 28
9.6 Swing bolt closures ................................................................................................... 28
9.7 Quick-actuating closures ........................................................................................... 28
List of Tables
List of Figures
Figure 1 - Skirts on vertical vessels less than 50 mm (2 in) thick or in non-cyclic service .............. 29
Figure 2 - Skirts on vessels ≥ 50 mm (2 in) thick or in cyclic service ............................................. 29
Figure 3 - Opening for skirt access or for piping ............................................................................ 30
Figure 4 - Opening for a skirt vent ................................................................................................. 30
Figure 5 - Design of light lifting lug ................................................................................................ 36
Foreword
This specification contains the same technical content as GPO-EN-SPE-46010 Rev B02.
1 Scope
a. This Specification provides requirements for the design, materials, fabrication, inspection,
testing, documentation, and preparation for shipment of pressure vessels designed,
fabricated, and certified in conformance to one of the following standards:
1. ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1.
2. ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 2.
3. BSI PD 5500 Specification for Unfired Fusion Welded Pressure Vessels.
4. EN 13445 Unfired Pressure Vessels.
b. This specification also provides recommended design requirements for standard vessel
details which may be used if desired by the vessel manufacturer or if specified to be used
on the engineering datasheet in the direct purchase of pressure vessels. The use of other
standard details, such as those provided by the engineering contractor or industry
organisations, is not precluded.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referenced in one or more requirements in this document. For dated
references, only the version cited applies. For undated references, the latest version of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
Company Documents
GIS 06-602 Specification for Coating and Painting of Supplier Equipment
GIS 18-012 Specification for Procurement, Storage, and Control of Welding
Consumables
GIS 18-013 Specification for Weld Overlay, Integral Cladding, and Limited Loose
Lining of Pressure Vessels and Other Components
GIS 36-102 Specification for Hardness Testing, Post Weld Heat Treatment, Stress
Relief, and Pickling for Pressure Vessels, Piping, and Other Components
GIS 36-103 Specification for Positive Materials Identification (PMI)
GIS 36-250 Specification for Material Requirements for Sour Service in Exploration
and Production Operations
GIS 42-300 Specification for Flange Bolts
GIS 42-301 Specification for Gaskets
GIS 46-040 Specification for Internals for Columns
GP 36-26 Materials for Sour Service in Refining and Marketing Operations
API RP 934-E Closed Recommended Practice for Materials and Fabrication of 1 1/4
CR-1/2 Mo Steel Pressure Vessels for Service above 825ºF (440ºC)
Other References
Joseph Vellozzi, Ph.D Dynamic Response of Tall Flexible Structures to Wind Loading.,
Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, Building
Science Series Number 32, 1966
Brownell and Young Process Equipment Design, Wiley & Sons Publishers, 1959
Zick, L.P Stresses in Large Horizontal Cylindrical Pressure Vessels on Two Saddle
Supports, Pressure Vessels and Piping: Design and Analysis, A Decade
of Progress. Vol. 2, 1972
For the purpose of this Specification, the following terms and definitions apply:
ASME Code
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.
Certificates of compliance
A document by which the material manufacturer (or seller to the extent that the Code allows) certifies
that the material represented has been produced and tested in conformance to the requirements of the
basic material specification shown on the certificate.
Cladding re-instatement
The process in which areas at joints, nozzles and attachments, that have had cladding removed to
permit welding of the base material, are re-clad by weld overlay.
Company
BP p.l.c., an associate or subsidiary, or other organisation acting as owner, purchaser, or customer as
designated in the Purchase Order.
Cyclic service
A service in which fatigue becomes significant due to the cyclic nature of mechanical and (or) thermal
loads.
Fabrication plan
A detailed description of the processes and sequence of the processes to be used to fabricate the
pressure vessel.
Ferritic steel
Steel where the predominant phase is ferrite, such as Carbon, Carbon Manganese, and low alloy steels.
Manufacturer
An entity performing welding of a pressure vessel or pressure vessel parts. May or may not be the
Supplier.
Quality assurance
Planned and systematic actions required to provide confidence that a product or service satisfies given
requirements for quality.
Quality plan
A document setting out the specific quality practices, resources and sequence of activities for a
particular product, service or Purchase Order.
Reinforcing plate
Reinforcing element as used in ASME Code, compensation plate as used in BSI PD 5500, or
reinforcing plate as used in EN 13445.
Supplier
Entity entering into a Purchase Order with Company to provide materials, goods, supplies, equipment,
or plant and includes the successors and (or) permitted assigns of such entity.
Weldment
Weld, HAZ, and adjacent parent metal.
For the purpose of this Specification, the following symbols and abbreviations apply:
HBW Brinell hardness measured by tungsten carbide ball (also referred to as HB and
BHN).
Hv10 Vickers hardness measured with a 10 kgf indenter (also referred to as HV).
IPWHT Intermediate post-weld heat treatment (also known as ISR Intermediate stress
relief).
PWHTmin Shortest time for which the vessel may be heat treated to meet code requirements.
PWHTmax Longest time for which the vessel may be heat treated.
QA Quality assurance.
RT Radiographic testing.
UT Ultrasonic testing.
5 Order of precedence
a. The order of precedence of the codes and standards quoted in the specifications shall be:
1. International and local statutory regulations.
2. Project data sheets.
3. Project specifications.
4. This Specification.
5. Referenced Company documents.
6. Referenced national and international codes.
b. Areas of apparent conflict between documents shall be brought to the attention of
Company for resolution.
c. In the event of a conflict between this document and a relevant law or regulation, the
relevant law or regulation shall be followed. If the document creates a higher obligation, it
shall be followed as long as this also achieves full compliance with the law or regulation.
d. Design, engineering, procurement, and construction for equipment shall comply with the
statutory laws and regulations of the final location of the asset. Refer to documents
identified in the Purchase Order for a list of these regulations.
e. For projects where the final location of the asset is in the EU:
1. Products supplied shall be confirmed to comply with applicable EU directives.
2. A Declaration of Conformity shall be provided.
3. The CE mark shall be affixed to the pressure vessel nameplate.
4. Components supplied shall be listed together with the EU directives with which they
comply and the rationale by which compliance has been achieved.
5. A Technical File in compliance with applicable EU directives shall be compiled and
retained for a period of 10 years.
6 Supplier’s responsibilities
a. The mechanical design, provision of materials, fabrication, inspection, testing, and quality
of workmanship of pressure vessels which shall be provided in conformance to this
Specification and the following:
1. Comply with local jurisdictional requirements.
2. The required design code shall be as specified on the data sheets.
3. Pressure equipment directive when specified on the data sheets.
4. Other codes and standards referenced in this Specification.
5. Additional requirements listed on the data sheets.
b. Vessels shall conform to the specified design code, including the application of code stamp
or certificate of conformity.
c. Vessels designed in conformance to the ASME Code shall be registered with the National
Board if specified on the data sheets.
d. Design of a vessel or a vessel component furnished by Company shall not relieve the
Supplier of their responsibility to conform to the requirements of this Specification and
other Purchase Order documents.
e. Company’s review and agreement of Supplier documentation shall not relieve the Supplier
of their responsibility to conform to the requirements of this Specification and other
Purchase Order documents.
f. Company shall be allowed shop access for inspecting materials and activities during vessel
fabrication for conformance to this Specification. Work or materials not conforming shall
be cause for rejection.
g. Data sheets, drawings, quality control records, and other items which assist in determining
the acceptability of a vessel for inspection shall be made available to Company.
h. Release for shipment by Company inspector shall not relieve the Supplier of their
responsibility to conform to the requirements of this Specification and Purchase Order
documents.
i. The Supplier shall be responsible for assuring that subcontracted fabrication work is in
conformance to this Specification and Purchase Order documents, however no portion of
vessel construction, such as plate forming, welding, heat treatment, non-destructive
examination, painting, shall be subcontracted without prior written agreement from
Company.
7 Design requirements
7.1 General
a. Vessel design shall be in conformance to the applicable design code, this Specification,
and all Purchase Order documents.
b. The maximum design temperature rating shall be increased to the highest temperature
permitted in conformance to the Code without affecting the minimum required thickness of
the shell or heads and without changing the pressure class of the flanges.
c. A vessel may be designed and stamped for more than one condition of pressure and
coincident metal temperature.
d. Unless otherwise specified on the data sheets, vessels shall be assumed to operate
completely filled with process fluid having a minimum specific gravity of 1,0.
e. MAWP shall be calculated based on actual construction unless otherwise specified on data
sheets.
f. For vessels constructed to ASME BPVC VIII-1, the coincident ratio used for calculating
the MDMT of the vessel shall not be less than 1,0.
g. The supplementary requirements for special services shall conform to Annex A of this
Specification if specified on data sheet.
h. Standard details provided by Supplier are not precluded, but details in this Specification
shall be used and fabricated as shown if specified on data sheets.
i. Document numbers PIP VEFV1100 and PIP VEFV1100M contain standard drawings,
prefixed ‘PIP VEFV’ in U.S. customary units and metric units respectively. This
Specification will reference metric standard drawing numbers only but it shall be
interpreted as also referring to the metric standard drawing (with suffix M) and equivalent
standard drawing in U.S. customary units (without suffix M).
a. Dead load (L1) is the installed weight of the vessel, including internals, catalyst or
packing, refractory lining, platforms, insulation fireproofing, piping, and other permanent
attachments. This does not include the weight of process liquid or catalyst contents.
b. Operating live load (L2) is the weight catalyst plus the weight of process liquid at the
design liquid level, including that on trays.
c. Pressure load (L3) is the MAWP (internal or external at the coincident temperature)
considering the pressure variations through the vessel.
d. Thermal load (L4) is the load caused by the restraint of thermal expansion and interaction
of vessel and its supports.
e. Test load (L5) is the weight of test water.
f. Wind load (L6) shall be determined in conformance to 7.3.
g. Seismic load (L7) shall be determined in conformance to 7.4.
h. Piping and superimposed equipment loads (L8) are loads caused by piping (based on
Annex F loadings), and loads caused by superimposed equipment. See 9.3.6.
1. For US sites, wind load shall conform to ASCE 7 and governing local jurisdictional
requirements. The following shall be used in calculations:
a) Importance factor shall be Category III.
b) Velocity pressure exposure coefficient and gust response factors shall be
Exposure C for inland and coastal installations and Exposure D for offshore
installations.
2. For EU sites, wind loading shall conform to EN 1991-1-4 + A1.
3. Wind load for other locations shall conform to data sheets and comply with local
regulatory requirements.
c. Allowable deflection at any location on a vertical vessel in the corroded condition shall not
exceed 150 mm per 30 m (6 in per 100 feet) of vessel height.
d. Projected area of vessel accessories such as platforms, ladders, piping, and other
equipment attached to the vessel shall be included in the wind load calculation.
e. Vessels fitted with spoilers:
1. Column projected area shall be calculated using the projected diameter taken at the
outside edge of the spoilers multiplied by the height of the section under
consideration.
2. Column projected area normal to wind and corresponding force coefficient, for the
column height shall be used in the design of vessel and supporting structure to
calculate the overturning load.
f. Wind induced moment and shear forces at the base of the vessel shall be specified on
Supplier drawings.
d. Shear stresses for fillet welds on the lifting attachments to vessel shell or head shall not be
greater than 0,55 times the Code-allowable stress at 38ºC (100ºF) for the material selected.
e. Lifting stress calculations shall be performed for vertical vessels with height-to-diameter
ratios greater than 8 and lift weight exceeding 11 300 kgf (25 000 pounds) as follows:
1. Bending stresses in the vessel shell and skirt from the loadings imposed during the lift
from horizontal to vertical position.
2. Calculated general primary membrane tensile stress shall not be greater than 80% of
the material’s specified minimum yield strength at 38ºC (100ºF).
3. Calculated compressive stress shall not be greater than 1,2 times the allowable
compressive stress.
8 Materials requirements
8.1 General
a. Pressure vessel materials shall be as specified on data sheets.
b. Materials shall conform to the following additional requirements in this Specification when
specified on data sheets:-
9 Vessel components
The following clauses contain design, fabrication, and examination requirements for components of
pressure vessels as specified on the data sheets.
9.2.1 General
a. Heads shall be supplied as one of the following as specified on the data sheets:
1. Hemispherical.
2. 2:1 Semi-elliptical.
3. ASME flanged and dished.
4. Toriconical.
b. Dished head construction shall preferably be seamless.
c. Minimum thickness of heads shall not be less than 6 mm (1/4 in).plus the greater of
corrosion allowance and the forming allowance.
d. Heads and head nozzles supporting agitators shall be reinforced to withstand the agitator
dynamic loadings in conformance to requirements of 9.3.6a and 9.3.6b.
e. Head design shall be agreed with the agitator manufacturer and Company before the head
is ordered.
f. Carbon steel and C-Mn steels, cold-formed heads shall be normalised or stress-relieved
prior to welding to the shell.
9.3.1 General
a. Connections shall not be made with:
1. Threaded coupling.
2. Socket weld fitting.
3. Single fillet welds.
4. Tapped or threaded openings.
b. Nozzles shall be flanged unless otherwise specified on the data sheets.
9.3.2 Design
a. MAWP shall not be limited by nozzle reinforcement or nozzle neck thickness.
b. MAP shall not be limited by nozzle reinforcement or nozzle neck thickness.
c. Nozzles with internal projections shall not include the internal projection in reinforcement
calculations.
d. Nozzles in dished heads shall be positioned such that the nozzle, reinforcing pads, and
attachment welds are not within the knuckle region of the dished head.
i. Nozzles not directly connected to internals shall be flush with the inside surface of the
vessel wall.
j. Nozzle with an internal projection shall have a fillet weld at the inside corner.
k. Inside edges of manways and nozzle neck shall be rounded to 3 mm (1/8 in) minimum
radius unless requirements in 16.2i.3 apply.
c. Dynamic loading shall be evaluated for an infinite number of stress reversals using the
applicable stress concentration factor as follows:
1. 5 for as welded attachment welds.
2. 3,5 for contoured and blend ground nozzle attachment welds.
d. Nozzles supporting pressure relief devices shall be evaluated to withstand the thrust
reaction by using piping loads derived from Table F.3 in Annex F. Nozzle reinforcement
as determined by nozzle reinforcement calculations shall be used in the evaluation and
shall conform to requirements of 9.3.6b.
e. Gussets shall not be used to strengthen, stiffen, or reinforce nozzles, unless demonstrated
by calculations to be designed for the specified cyclic life and thermal condition, and the
dimensional requirements, such as tolerances, of the device as furnished by the device
manufacturer are considered.
9.4 Flanges
9.4.1 General
a. Flanges welded on a nozzle shall be weld neck type unless otherwise specified on data
sheets.
b. Dimensions and pressure-temperature ratings of standard flanges for nozzles and manways
DN 600 (NPS 24) and smaller shall conform to ASME B16.5.
c. Dimensions and pressure-temperature ratings of standard flanges for nozzles and manways
larger than DN 600 (NPS 24) shall conform to ASME B16.47 to the series specified on
data sheets.
d. Vessel shell flanges and head flanges with covers not conforming to sizes in ASME B16.5
or ASME B16.47 shall be weld neck type and designed in conformance to the design code.
e. The following shall apply if studded nozzle pads are used:
1. Studded pad holes and studs shall be machined in conformance to drawing number
PIP VEFV1129M.
2. Indicator type studs for studded pads shall be in conformance to ASME PCC-1
Figures 1 and 2.
3. Studded pads shall be checked to ensure the full thread depth holes conforms to
specified design code.
f. Bolt holes in all fixed flanges and studded pads shall straddle the natural centrelines.
g. For vessels supported on a skirt, the flanges of nozzles in bottom head shall be located
outside the skirt.
h. Except for standard flanges conforming to ASME B16.5 and ASME B16.47, all carbon,
low-alloy, and high-alloy steel forgings greater than 75 mm (3 in) thick shall be examined
ultrasonically in conformance to ASME SA-745/SA-745M and the following:
1. Quality levels for straight beam examinations from flat surfaces shall conform to
Table 3.
2. Quality level for straight beam examinations from curved surfaces shall be QL-5.
3. Quality level for all angle beam examinations shall be QA-1. Notch depth shall
conform to QA-1 or 6 mm (0,25 in), whichever is less.
Table 3 - Quality levels for straight beam examinations from flat surfaces
9.4.4 Gaskets
a. Gaskets shall be as specified on data sheets and conform to GIS 42-301.
9.8 Supports
9.8.1 Skirts
a. Vertical vessels shall be self-supporting without guys or braces.
b. Unless otherwise specified on data sheets skirt supports shall conform to one of the
following standard drawings:
1. PIP VEFV1107M - Type A skirt base plate with gussets only
2. PIP VEFV1108M - Type B with cap plate and gussets
3. PIP VEFV1109M - Type C with cap plate and offset gussets
4. PIP VEFV1110M - Type D with top ring and gusset
c. A hot box shall be provided at the junction between the skirt and shell for vessels with a
design temperature of 345°C (650°F) and above.
d. Material at the top of the skirt for vertical vessels constructed from materials other than
carbon steel shall be the same material specification and grade as the vessel plate to which
it is attached for a length at least equal to the greater of the following:
1. 2,5 * √(skirt radius * skirt thickness).
2. 600 mm (24 in).
Figure 1 - Skirts on vertical vessels less than 50 mm (2 in) thick or in non-cyclic service
T T
Butted weld blends
Tangent Line Butted weld blends
smoothly into head
smoothly into head Tangent Line
contour
contour
tsk
tsk
Dsk = D
Shell
Shell
Head
Head / skirt
forging Weld buildup (with
ultrasonic examination)
e. Skirts on vessels 2 m (6 ft) diameter or less shall have at least one access opening. Vessels
over 2 m (6 ft) diameter and skirt heights over 2,5 m (8 ft), two access openings shall be
provided in the skirt.
f. Minimum skirt access opening shall be 600 mm (24 in) diameter or 450 mm x 900 mm
(18 in x 36 in) obround.
g. Openings for skirt access and piping shall conform to Figure 3. Additional strengthening
may be provided by increasing the thickness of sleeve.
h. Unless specified otherwise on data sheets, a minimum of two 50 mm (2 in) radius
semi-circular drain holes 180 degrees apart shall be located at the vessel skirt to base ring
attachment weld. The drain holes shall be staggered 90 degrees from the skirt vent holes.
In applications where the inside of the skirt will be open or grated, the drain opening shall
be omitted.
i. Skirt openings for piping shall have a 13 mm (1/2 in) maximum clearance between the
pipe outside diameter, including insulation, and skirt opening if inside of skirt is not
fireproofed.
j. Openings for pipe vents shall conform to Figure 4.
k. Refer to Table 4 for quantities of skirt vents.
6mm
Figure 3 - Opening for skirt(1/4 in) or for piping
access
6mm (1/4 in)
6mm (1/4 in)
SLEEVE
6mm (1/4 in)
SLEEVE
MINIMUM SLEEVE
THICKNESS OF t sk
MINIMUM SLEEVE
THICKNESS OF t sk
6mm (1/4
6mm (1/4in)
in)
9.8.3 Saddles
a. Unless otherwise specified on data sheets welded saddles shall conform to one of the
following standard drawings:
1. PIP VEFV1104M - Small horizontal vessel saddle supports
2. PIP VEFV1105M - Horizontal vessel saddles supported on concrete
3. PIP VEFV1106M - Horizontal vessel saddles supported on structural steel
b. Horizontal vessels shall be investigated for buckling and local stresses. The method of L.P.
Zick may be used for this investigation.
c. Horizontal vessels shall be supported on two saddles only.
d. Slots shall be provided for the anchor bolts in one saddle to allow for thermal expansion.
e. The saddle support that is “fixed” and the support that is “sliding” (slotted) shall be
indicated on the fabrication drawings.
f. Saddles shall be continuously welded to the shell.
9.9.1 General
a. Calculations determining quantity and size of anchor bolts shall be based on referenced
PIP standard details, and specified on fabrication drawings.
b. Supply of anchor bolts is not in Supplier’s scope of supply.
c. Anchor bolts shall not be less than 19 mm (3/4 in) diameter.
d. Unless data sheets specify high-strength anchor bolts the following shall apply:
1. Anchor bolts (such as carbon steel, ASTM F1554-36, etc.) shall have an allowable
stress of 138 MPa (20 000 psi) based on the tensile stress area of the threaded portion.
2. Maximum anchor bolt diameter shall be 76 mm (3 in).
e. Design loadings for anchor bolts embedded in concrete shall be determined by either the
simplified method (i.e., neutral axis of bolt pattern at centreline of vessel) or the shifted
neutral axis method in conformance to Process Equipment Design.
f. Unless otherwise specified on data sheets, the design concrete bearing stress shall be
11,4 MPa (1 658 psi) for vessels on concrete foundations.
9.10.1 General
a. Internal attachments welded to shells and heads shall be located to permit full visual
inspection of attachment and attachment weld.
b. Welding of internal attachments to the pressure boundary shall be continuous on all
surfaces to eliminate corrosion pockets.
c. Material specifications for internal attachments welded directly to the pressure vessel
envelope shall be as specified on data sheets.
d. Internal attachments shall be naturally draining.
e. Size of welds shall include the corrosion allowance specified for vessel.
f. Weld spatter on downcomer bolting bars shall be removed to ensure a flush seal with
downcomer.
g. If the downcomer does not form a continuous seal with the bolting bars, the downcomer
shall be reassembled with gasket supplied by tray Manufacturer.
h. Baffles, partitions, and supporting beams shall be designed to accommodate thermal
expansion of vessel shell. Internals, such as mist pads, shall be bolted to support
attachments, not directly welded to shell.
i. Minimum thickness of welded internal attachments shall be 5 mm (3/16 in) plus corrosion
allowance for each wetted side.
j. Minimum fillet weld size shall be 5 mm (3/16 in) in the corroded condition.
k. Seams and corner joints shall be sealed.
l. Internal attachments shall be designed and installed to satisfy one of the following
requirements:
1. The distance between the weld-toe of the attachment is not within 50 mm (2 in) of a
pressure boundary weld toe.
2. The portion of the pressure boundary weld that is covered by the attachment shall be
ground flush and given 100% volumetric examination before internal attachment is
made.
3. The attachment shall be coped or notched to clear all weld area and each weld-toe by
at least 25 mm (1 in).
m. The stresses in the attachment and attachment weld shall be checked to ensure they are
within allowable limits of the code of construction.
9.11.1 General
a. External attachments welded to shells and heads shall be located to permit full visual
inspection of attachment and attachment weld.
b. Ladders, platforms and clips shall conform to Annex G unless otherwise specified on data
sheets.
c. Pipe segments shall not be directly attached to a pressure boundary and used as supports
for ladders, platforms, piping, etc.
d. Welding of external attachments to the pressure boundary shall be continuous on all
surfaces to eliminate corrosion pockets.
e. Material specifications for external attachments welded directly to the pressure vessel
envelope shall be specified on data sheets.
f. External attachments shall be designed and constructed to prevent the channelling and hold
up of rainwater.
g. Minimum thickness of welded external attachments shall be 5 mm (3/16 in).
h. Minimum fillet weld size shall be 5 mm (3/16 in).
i. Seams and corner joints shall be sealed.
j. External attachments shall be designed and installed to satisfy one of the following
requirements:
1. The distance between the weld-toe of the attachment is not within 50 mm (2 in) of a
pressure boundary weld toe.
2. The portion of the pressure boundary weld that is covered by the attachment shall be
ground flush and given 100% volumetric examination for the length of the overlap
plus at least 50 mm (2 in) on each side before the attachment is made.
3. The attachment shall be coped or notched to clear all weld area and each weld-toe by
at least 25 mm (1 in).
k. Stresses in the attachment and attachment weld shall be checked to ensure they are within
the allowable limits of the code of construction.
l. Galvanised clips or attachments shall not be welded to a vessel.
c. Top heads of vessels insulation shall be supported by a floating ring and type 1 support
ring fitted to the vessel in conformance to details “A” and “J” of drawing number
PIP VEFV1123M.
d. Insulation for bottom heads of vertical vessels shall be supported by one of the following
methods:
1. A floating ring and anchor ring fitted to vessels with skirts in conformance to details
“E”, “G” or “H” of drawing number PIP VEFV1123M.
2. A floating ring and type 1 support ring fitted to vessels without skirts in conformance
to detail “J” of drawing number PIP VEFV1123M.
e. Rings welded to vertical shell or skirt shall be discontinuous or perforated to prevent the
accumulation of moisture.
f. Insulation for heads on horizontal vessels shall be supported by a floating ring and anchor
ring fitted to the vessel in conformance to details on page 2 of drawing number
PIP VEFV1122M.
g. Horizontal vessels with shells 2 450 mm (96 in) diameter or larger shall have longitudinal
supports fitted in conformance to drawing number PIP VEFV1122M.
d. Manways orientated at an angle other than 0 degrees or 90 degrees from the horizontal
plane shall be designed with a hinge which opens in the horizontal plane.
e. Stops shall be provided to prevent damage to vessel shell or insulation from the
over-rotation of the manway hinge or davit.
f. Eyebolts used in manway davit designs shall be one-piece forgings.
A
D
2
B/
H
C
TANGENT LINE
2A
RADIUS ALL WELD SEAM
CORNERS FIELD NOTE:
FOR INSULATED
J
VESSELS,
G CUT OFF LUG AS
F
SHOWN
AFTER ERECTION.
{APPROX. 25mm (1 in)
PROJECTION}
OMIT 13mm (1/2") OR
WELD TO PROVIDE DRAIN
Max vessel Thickness Width Length Dia. of Height Weld T.L to T.L to
erect wt. of Plate mm (in) mm (in) Holes of side leg top of bottom
kg (lbs) mm (in) mm (in) weld size lug of lug
mm (in) mm (in) mm (in) mm (in)
A B C D F G H J
4 500 (10 000) 13 (1/2) 150 (6) 400 (16) 75 (3) 9 (3/8) 250 (10) 150 (6)
9 000 (20 000) 16 (5/8) 190 (7 1/2) 450 (18) See 130 (5) 9 (3/8) 250 (10) 200 (8)
13 500 (30 000) 20 (3/4) 215 (8 1/2) 500 (20) 9.11.7.1.c.1 130 (5) 12 (1/2) 300 (12) 200 (8)
18 000 (40 000) 25 (1) 230 (9) 500 (20) 130 (5) 16 (5/8) 300 (12) 200 (8)
D A
2
B/
H
R1.5mm (1/16 in)
A
LUG REMOVAL LINES
K
C
TANGENT LINE
E/
2
A
RADIUS ALL WELD SEAM
E
CORNERS
J
F
Notch
Brace to T.L to Bottom
Thickness Dia. of Width of height Weld
Max Width Length top of bottom of of brace
of plate holes notch and side leg size
vessel lug lug to T.L.
weld
erect wt.
mm
kg (lbs) mm (in) mm (in) mm (in) mm (in) mm (in) mm (in) mm (in) mm (in) mm (in)
(in)
A B C D E F G H J K
22 750 460+K
25 (1) 225 (9) 75 (3) 125 (5) 16 (5/8) 225 (9) 225 (9)
(50 000) (18+K)
See 9.11.7.1.c.1
c. Tailing lug load shall be determined assuming vessel is lifted from horizontal unless
otherwise agreed.
d. Tailing lug material shall be the same as the vessel skirt
e. A skirt stiffening spider shall be provided as required.
C/L VESSEL C
B/2
TOP PLATE
SKIRT
B
A
BUTT
WELD D
A G BASE PLATE
A
SECTION A-A
L
DETAIL F
DETAIL A DETAIL
DETAIL F C. (SEE DETAIL D
OR DETAIL E FOR END CONNECTION
TO DETAIL
SHELL)A DETAIL C. (SEE DETAIL D
OR DETAIL E FOR END CONNECTION
REDUCED DIAMETER TO SHELL)
REDUCED DIAMETER
GRID
MESH
BLANKET
GRID
T
C/L Ø16mm (5/8 in)
EQUALLY SPACED ON
140mm (5 1/2 in) W
W C/L
APPROX CENTRES
DETAIL A DETAIL B
GRID
MESH
BLANKET
DETAIL C DETAIL D
13mm
(1/2 in) SEE VESSEL DRAWING
FOR THICKNESS
T
DETAIL F
c. Half-pipe and pipe section jacket attachment welds to shells and (or) heads shall be full
penetration, full strength welds and 100% PT examined.
9.14 Nameplates
a. Unless otherwise specified on data sheets, nameplates shall be type 316L stainless steel
with the data stamped or engraved with minimum height 4 mm (3/16 in) lettering.
b. Nameplate shall show at least the following information:
1. Purchase Order number.
2. Item number.
3. Date of manufacture.
4. Order placed by.
5. Supplier name.
6. Supplier serial number.
7. Design code and its date.
8. Maximum pressure rating and at coincident temperature.
9. Minimum design temperature and coincident pressure.
10. Extent of volumetric weld NDE, inspection category or equivalent descriptor.
11. PWHT.
12. Test pressure new.
13. Test pressure corroded.
14. Total weight empty.
15. Required code or statutory markings.
16. Company equipment tag number or a Works Identification Number (of nine digits).
10 Spares
11 Fabrication requirements
11.1 General
a. Machining shall be performed after welding or heat treatment if such operations change
machined surface characteristics or geometry such as flange face flatness.
b. Stainless steel, high nickel alloy, titanium, or zirconium surfaces shall be mechanically
cleaned with stainless steel brushes, stainless steel grit, glass beads, or other high quality
abrasive provided their use does not contaminate the material surfaces.
c. Welder’s and welding operator’s symbols and reference lines may be stamped on the
material, in conformance to the design code, provided that a round-nose stamp is employed
and the symbol is located a minimum of 25 mm (1 in) from the edge of the weld.
d. The following materials shall not be used to mark on or coat vessels:
1. Marking inks that contain halogens.
2. Lubricants.
3. Crayons.
4. Adhesives.
5. Tapes (e.g. duct tape).
6. Coatings to prevent adhesion of weld spatter.
7. Paints containing sulphur.
8. Chlorine compounds that decompose to hydrogen chloride.
9. Carbon.
10. Harmful metal or metal salts (e.g., zinc, lead, or copper).
e. All tools used for machining shall be dedicated for use on specific CRA material. Carbon
steel tools or other steel tools dedicated to different materials shall not be used.
11.2 Tolerances
a. Tolerances shall be in conformance to drawing number PIP VEFV1102M sheets 1 and 2.
b. Tolerances shall be specified on the fabrication drawings in either the main dimensions or
as an additional tolerance drawing.
c. Allowable flatness tolerances of gasket contact surfaces of flanged shell girth joints, after
PWHT if required, shall be as shown in Table 9 for the designated service condition.
11.3 Joints
11.3.1 General
a. Location of all longitudinal and circumferential joints shall be shown on the fabrication
drawings.
b. If two sections of unequal thickness are butt welded together, the inside (process face)
shall be flush.
c. Weld joints shall be prepared by machining, grinding, or thermal cutting.
1. If thermal cutting is performed, the joint surfaces shall be ground to sound metal prior
to welding.
2. Preheat requirements for thermal cutting shall be the same as specified in the WPS.
d. Except as permitted in 11.3.1e, longitudinal joints shall be located to clear nozzle
openings, nozzle attachment welds, and reinforcing pad attachment welds by at least
50 mm (2 in), measured weld toe to weld toe.
e. The following shall apply if a nozzle opening, nozzle attachment weld, reinforcing plate,
or reinforcement plate weld is located on a longitudinal or circumferential weld.
1. It shall be demonstrated to Company that plates cannot be re-orientated or relocated
in instances where the required weld toe clearance is not achieved.
2. Alignment of the butted plates under the reinforcement plate shall be flush.
3. Longitudinal or circumferential weld shall be ground flush and given 100%
volumetric and surface examination for a length equal to three times the diameter of
the opening before attachment of pad.
4. Location of the nozzle and weld seam shall be agreed by Company.
f. Welds subject to severe forming, where ratio of thickness to local radius is greater than
5%, shall have full volumetric examination before forming and full surface examination
after forming.
11.4 Welding
11.4.1 General
a. Butt joints shall be full penetrations.
b. For butt joints inaccessible from the inside, a method for obtaining a full penetration and
full fusion weld from one side shall be submitted for Company review and agreement.
c. Butt joints shall not use permanent backing strips.
d. All welds, including internals, non-pressure parts and attachments, temporary attachments
and shipping attachments, shall be made by welders, welding operators, and welding
procedures qualified under the provisions of the pressure vessel code and agreed by
Company.
e. The following documents shall be provided to Company for review and agreement before
the start of fabrication:
1. Welding procedure specification.
2. Procedure qualification record.
3. Welder performance qualification.
4. Detailed weld map.
5. Welding procedures.
6. Fabrication drawings.
f. The detailed weld map shall include, as a minimum, a sketch of all weld joints, welding
symbols used in conformance to AWS A2.4, and associated weld procedure numbers.
g. Arc strikes shall be conditioned to eliminate surface stress concentrations.
h. Defects found from arc strikes shall be removed and the surface shall be repaired and
re-examined.
i. Significant weld repairs shall be subject to agreement by Company.
j. Removable start-up and run-off tabs may be used for longitudinal welds. The tab materials
shall be of the same material specification and grade as the base metal.
k. Unless specifically agreed by Company, use of weld materials with strengths higher than
that of low-hydrogen weld materials for any welding processes shall not be permitted.
l. Welding consumables shall:
1. Be the same nominal composition as the parent metal.
2. Not contain addition of alloys via the flux, other than that required to make up for
losses (e.g., in the arc).
3. Filler wire shall conform to GIS 18-012.
4. Have material properties such as, tensile strength or yield strength, equal to or greater
than the minimum requirements for the base metal at ambient and design temperature.
m. A local DHT shall be performed for butt-welds and corner joint welds (i.e., ASME weld
category A, B, and C) that are 50 mm (2 in) and greater in thickness (See Annex E).
2. The process is applicable to carbon steel and weld overlay if a satisfactory level of
dilution is demonstrated.
3. GMAW using a short-circuiting arc shall only be used for depositing metal that is
subsequently removed.
4. Field welding is subject to Company agreement.
e. Gas tungsten arc, manual or automatic (GTAW) may be used.
f. Gas shielded flux-cored arc (FCAW) may be used.
1. The type of metal transfer shall be specified on the WPS. Globular or spray is
permitted but using a short-circuiting arc is prohibited.
2. Rutile wire may be used for welding carbon and low alloy steels and stainless steel.
FCAW shall not be used for other alloys.
3. Basic cored wires may only be used for the deposition of fill passes in butt welds in
the 1G and 1GR position.
4. For welds subject to PWHT and requiring impact testing, the FCAW brand name for
rutile wires shall be an essential variable.
5. Fillet welding procedures in 1F and 2F positions shall be separately qualified for leg
length greater than 6 mm (1/4 in).
g. The use of metal cored wires is subject to specific agreement by Company.
11.4.4 Dissimilar welds between austenitic stainless steels and ferritic steels
a. Welds joining austenitic stainless steels to ferritic steels shall be made with filler metal as
follows:
1. For services not exceeding 340°C (650°F), one of the following shall be used:
a) ASME SFA-5.4 classification E309L.
b) SFA-5.9 classification ER309L.
c) The filler metals given in 11.4.4a.2 below.
2. For services exceeding 340°C (650°F), one of the following shall be used:
a) ASME SFA-5.14 classification ER NiCr-3.
b) ASME SFA-5.11 classification E NiCrFe-3 or E NiCrFe-2.
12 Examination requirements
12.1 General
a. The extent of examination and special documentation, in addition to the minimum
requirements of the design code, shall be as specified in the Purchase Order documents.
b. All specified NDE shall be performed in conformance to the design code.
c. For specific welded pressure joint examination requirements, see the data sheets.
d. The minimum degree of examination of welded butt joints shall be spot radiography.
e. Accessible surfaces of completed corner joint welds shall be examined by MT, PT, UT, or
other non-destructive methods in conformance to Company’s Purchase Order documents.
f. Welded joints that are inaccessible after assembly shall be examined by PT or MT in
conformance to the following instructions, and repaired as required before painting,
assembly, and testing:
1. After back-chipping to sound metal, the root pass and its opposite side shall be
examined.
2. After any required machining or grinding, the finished surfaces of the weld shall be
examined, and all indications on the finished weld surfaces shall be repaired by
grinding or welding before pressure testing.
g. Imperfections shown to be unacceptable during examination shall be repaired and then, as
a minimum, the repair shall be examined by the same method, to the same extent, and by
the same acceptance criteria that revealed the condition.
12.2 Preparation
a. The NDE schedule and NDE procedures shall be submitted to Company for review and
agreement.
b. Personnel concerned with inspection, interpretation, and NDE shall be qualified to at least
PCN Level 2 or ASNT Level 2 if the qualification has been obtained through examination
by an independent organisation. Evidence of the qualification shall be available to
Company for verification.
c. Company reserves the right to test and monitor the performance of any NDE operator and
to exclude any that are deemed unsatisfactory.
d. Calibration certificates for NDE equipment shall be available for inspection at all times.
e. Before fabrication, materials shall be visually inspected for defects on accessible surfaces.
f. Heads and shell sections that are annealed or normalised shall be free of mill scale prior to
inspection.
g. Materials for marking, painting, or inspection on stainless or nickel based alloys shall not
contain chlorine, bromine, or other halogens, sulphur, zinc, or low melting point metals.
a) Welds identified for WFMT shall be inspected by WFMT prior to making final
closure seam.
b) Inaccessible welds shall be inspected by UT from outside surface after
hydrostatic testing.
13 Inspection requirements
e. A PWHT procedure shall be submitted to Company for approval and shall include as a
minimum:
1. Furnace description.
2. Loading pattern.
3. Details and locations of supports and bracing.
4. Thermocouple locations.
5. Heating and cooling rates.
6. Soak time and temperatures.
f. All PWHT shall be recorded and documented by temperature and time charts.
g. Except as specified in Annex C clause C.1b, pressure parts made of austenitic stainless
steel, if hot formed, shall be solution annealed between 1 010°C (1 850°F) and 1 120°C
(2 050°F) followed by rapid cooling through the sensitization range.
h. Vessels shall not come into contact with galvanised components during PWHT.
i. On ferritic vessels subject to PWHT, the shell to nozzle welds on nozzles greater than
DN 200 (NPS 8) shall be subject to MT after PWHT.
j. Local PWHT procedures shall be submitted to Company for review and approval.
k. Vessels shall be PWHT in one section unless prior agreement has been reached with
Company.
15 Pressure test
15.1 General
a. Unless otherwise specified on data sheets, the test pressure shall be based on the MAP
(new and cold).
b. Prior to the pressure test, the inside and outside of the vessel shall be thoroughly cleaned,
free from slag, scale, dirt, grit, weld splatter, pieces of metal, paint and oil. Welds shall be
free of slag, oil, grease, paint, and other foreign substances that might prevent
interpretation of the required tests.
c. Vessels shall not be painted or controlled shot peened before the pressure test, with the
following exceptions:
1. Surfaces that are to be painted, but are inaccessible after assembly, such as mating
surfaces of lap-joint stub ends, flanges and nozzle necks, flange bolt holes, welded
joints, shall be painted before assembly and pressure testing.
2. Welded joints that are inaccessible after assembly, such as joints covered by lap-type
flanges, shall be examined by PT or MT and repaired before painting, assembly and
pressure testing. See 12.1f for specific examination requirements.
d. The test pressure shall be measured at the high point of the vessel in the test position.
e. Welds shall be cleaned and free of scale or paint before pressure testing to permit
examination for defects.
f. Reinforcing pad attachment welds and accessible surfaces of inside nozzle to vessel wall
welds shall be tested for leaks with a gauge pressure of 100 kPa (15 psig) dry air or
nitrogen and bubble forming solution. Test shall be performed before the final hydrostatic
or pneumatic test.
g. All facilities and materials, including blinds, bolting, and gaskets, required for testing shall
be provided.
e. Testing of vessels shall be performed with test water that is clean and free of debris.
f. Water shall not contain more than 10 ppm suspended solids.
g. Brackish or untreated water shall not be used.
h. Except as permitted in 15.2i, testing of vessels or components made of austenitic stainless
steel materials shall be performed with water containing a maximum of 30 ppm chloride.
i. If the duration of the test procedure is 72 hours or less and the procedure includes rinsing
with water containing less than 30 ppm chloride, testing of vessels or components made of
austenitic stainless steel materials may be performed with water containing greater than
30 ppm chloride but less than 250 ppm chloride.
j. Test water shall not be in contact with austenitic stainless steel for greater than 72 hours
unless treated with a biocide.
k. Before application of the test pressure, the test water and the vessel material shall be
permitted to equalise to approximately the same temperature.
l. The test pressure shall be held for a minimum of one hour, or as specified on data sheets.
m. After completion of the hydrostatic test:
1. The vessel shall be immediately drained.
2. Standing water (including on internals) shall be wiped dry and shall not be allowed to
evaporate to dryness.
3. Vessel shall be closed as quickly as practicable.
16.1 Cleaning
a. The vessel shall be thoroughly cleaned inside and outside.
b. Grit, scale, oil, grease, weld rod stub ends, sand, water, free moisture, and all other foreign
material shall be removed from the vessel.
c. High alloy vessels shall be blown dry with ambient temperature air, only after all standing
water has been removed.
d. The following vessel cleaning procedure shall be performed before shipping, if specified
on the data sheets:
1. Perform solvent or detergent wash.
2. Rinse.
3. Perform wet-dry test in conformance to ASTM A380.
4. If rust stains appear in wet-dry test, acid clean with passivation solution.
5. Repeat wet-dry test.
6. If rusting reappears, consider pickling solution.
7. Rinse.
8. Dry.
Lining
Fillet weld
6 mm (¼ in) min radius
Lining
6 mm (¼ in)
min radius
5. Partitions, braces, supports or other attachments on the lined side of the vessel shall
be fitted flat against the vessel surface and continuously welded around the entire
perimeter. See Figure 14 for typical details.
6 mm (¼ in)
min radius
Lining
16.3 Marking
a. Markings shall be in the English language.
b. Markings shall also be in an additional language if specified on the data sheets or
Purchaser Order documents.
c. Markings shall be at least 150 mm (6 in) high letters in contrasting paint.
d. PWHT vessels shall have the following notice painted on two sides of the shell and
insulation covering, if present, in three-inch high letters visible in the shipping position
from grade (See 11.1d):
17.1 General
a. Each vessel and vessel internals shall be packaged, supported and protected from damage
or loss during handling and shipment.
b. Certified weight shall be obtained for the vessel prior to shipment preparations if specified
on the data sheets.
c. A packing list shall be included in each shipment.
d. Spares shall be packaged, marked, and shipped with the vessel.
e. Bolting and other loose parts shall be packaged and identified with the Purchase Order
number and vessel tag number.
f. Uncoated bolts and nuts shall be coated with a thread lubricant to prevent corrosion during
transportation and storage. The lubricant shall be easily removable with mineral spirits or a
solvent.
g. Internals which cannot be safely shipped in place shall be identified, tagged, and shipped
separately.
h. A minimum of one of each type of internals which have specified clearances or tolerances,
such as tray type or distributor type, shall be trial assembled into the vessel to ensure fit-up
before shipment.
i. Design calculations and fabrication drawings for shipping saddles shall be submitted to
Company for review and agreement.
j. Austenitic stainless steel vessels shall be protected from exposure to salt water, salt spray,
and chlorides during ocean or over the road shipment.
k. Vessels that undergo ocean shipment shall have a preparation and shipping plan submitted
for agreement.
1. Vessels shall not be transported to the jobsite as above-deck cargo without prior
written agreement of Company.
18 Documentation
b. The pressure vessel record book shall contain, as a minimum, the following information:
1. Manufacturer’s Data Report (ASME forms).
2. Photocopy or photograph (not a rubbing) of the vessel nameplate.
3. Mechanical design calculations required to demonstrate conformance to code, or to
justify and prove the integrity of the design for components and aspects that fall
beyond the scope of the code.
4. The latest revision of the data sheets marked up to reflect the as-built conditions.
5. Quality control plan including fabrication sequence, all heat treatment requirements,
forming and rolling procedure, an inspection and test plan with schedule identifying
all inspection points required by Company and signed inspection reports.
6. As-built fabrication drawings.
7. Welding procedure specifications (WPS), procedure qualification records (PQR),
weld map, and welder or welding operator qualification test results.
8. Personnel qualification certificates for all non-destructive examinations.
9. Reports required by the code of construction stating the results of non-destructive
inspection and testing including RT, UT, MT, PT, and hardness tests.
10. Pyrometer charts or other detailed records for all heat treatment performed, such as
PWHT, normalising, and heating for forming.
11. Exceptions, deviations, and non-conformance reports (including resolution) and a
detailed description of any repairs including a sketch, photo, or drawing indicating the
location and size of the repaired area.
12. Charts or other records of required pressure tests.
13. Certified material test reports or certificates of conformance which fully identify the
specific materials they represent.
14. The PMI report for all materials subject to PMI examination.
15. A completed inspection checklist in conformance to the inspection test plan.
16. Results of all impact testing.
17. Operations and maintenance requirements procedures as applicable.
c. Three (3) copies of the pressure vessel record book shall be delivered to Company unless a
different number of copies is specified in the Purchase Order documents.
d. The pressure vessel record book shall also be provided on a CD or DVD securely attached
within each furnished hardcopy of the book containing the following:
1. A PDF version of the pressure vessel record book.
2. The computer files of the pressure vessel calculations (i.e., COMPRESS, PVElite,
Finglow, FE/Pipe, NozzlePro files).
3. FEA model files with solution (i.e., ANSYS or Abacus files).
e. The pressure vessel record book shall include all correspondence relating to the approval
of “state special” designs as required by the applicable jurisdictions.
f. The pressure vessel record book shall be retained by the vessel manufacturer and shall be
furnished to Company upon their request for a minimum of five (5) years.
19 Quality management
The quality management system shall conform to ISO 9001, API Specification Q1, or other agreed
internationally recognised standard to ensure that the products and services provided conform to the
requirements for supplier quality identified in the Purchase Order.
e. Technical and quality assurance requirements specified in the purchase order shall apply to
all materials, equipment and services provided by sub-Supplier.
Preparation of equipment for transportation shall conform to the packing, marking, and shipping
instructions or other documents identified in the Purchase Order.
22 Supplier deliverables
Technical data, registers, documents, and drawings that together define the scope of the Purchase
Order shall conform to the requirements for supplier information identified in the Purchase Order.
Annex A
(Normative)
Supplementary requirements for special services
A.1 General
If data sheets indicate any of the following special services are present, the requirements
contained within that clause below shall apply.
a. Longitudinal and circumferential butt welds shall receive full volumetric NDE, after any
PWHT.
b. All welds, including external and internal non-pressure containing welds, shall be subject
to 100% surface inspection by MT or PT after any PWHT.
c. Carbon steel vessels shall receive PWHT.
a. The specified minimum tensile strength of C-Mn steels shall not exceed 550 MPa (80 ksi).
b. Weldment hardness shall not exceed Hv10 248 (Brinell 237 HBW).
a. Longitudinal and circumferential butt welds shall receive full volumetric NDE after any
PWHT.
b. All welds, including external and internal non-pressure containing welds, shall be subject
to 100% surface inspection by MT or PT after any PWHT.
a. Longitudinal and circumferential butt welds shall receive full volumetric NDE after any
PWHT.
b. All welds, including external and internal non-pressure containing welds, shall be subject
to 100% surface inspection by MT or PT after any PWHT.
a. Longitudinal and circumferential butt welds shall receive full volumetric NDE, after any
PWHT.
b. All welds, including external and internal non-pressure containing welds, shall be subject
to 100% surface inspection by MT or PT after any PWHT.
c. Material shall be to licensor and Company requirements, with restrictions on composition.
Unless otherwise agreed, it shall be ASME SA-516/SA-516M Gr. 60 normalised with:
1. Carbon equivalent less than or equal to 0,40%.
2. Combination of Ni + Cu + Cr less than or equal to 0,15%.
3. S less than 0,002%.
4. Oxygen content less than 0,002%.
5. P less than 0,008%.
6. Nb (Cb) less than 0,005%.
d. The steel shall not be calcium treated for shape control.
e. Full penetration welds shall be provided on pressure boundary parts to internal attachments
such as downcomer bolting bars and segments, bed support beam seats, or any
load-carrying attachments that have the long axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the
vessel. This requirement for full penetration welds does not extend to tray support rings, or
other circumferentially oriented attachments.
a. Longitudinal and circumferential butt welds shall receive full volumetric NDE after any
PWHT.
b. All welds, including external and internal non-pressure containing welds, shall be subject
to 100% surface inspection by MT or PT after any PWHT.
c. Materials shall be subject to UT to ASME SA-578/SA-578M, including supplementary
requirements S1, S2, S3, and S4. Acceptance standard shall be Level A.
d. Internal and external attachments welds should be full penetration welds. The enclosed
space shall be vented if a full penetration weld is achievable.
e. Longitudinal and circumferential butt welds shall receive full volumetric NDE after any
PWHT.
f. All welds, including external and internal non-pressure containing welds, shall be subject
to 100% surface inspection by MT or PT after any PWHT.
a. NDE inspections shall include the following if the lowest operating temperature is below
0°C (32°F):
1. All butt welds shall receive full volumetric NDE after any PWHT.
2. All welds, including external and internal non-pressure retaining welds, shall receive
100% surface inspection by MT or PT after any PWHT.
b. All pressure containing welds shall be subject to full volumetric examination after any
PWHT if the lowest operating temperature is below -20°C (-4°F).
a. The specified minimum tensile strength of C-Mn steels shall not exceed 550 MPa (80 ksi).
b. Weldment hardness shall not exceed Hv10 248 (Brinell 237 HBW).
a. Materials shall meet the requirements of NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 parts 1 and 2 and
API 5L/ISO 3183 Annex H and K.
b. Longitudinal and circumferential butt welds shall receive full volumetric NDE after any
PWHT.
c. All welds, including external and internal non-pressure containing welds, shall be subject
to 100% surface inspection by MT or PT after any PWHT.
d. Materials specified shall be purchased and fabricated in order to be resistant to
environmental cracking in sour service and conform to the hardness and other
requirements of GIS 36-250, if included in the Purchase Order, and ISO 15156 for
upstream applications and for downstream (refinery) applications to NACE MR0103 and
sour service requirements defined in GP 36-26.
e. Material shall be in the normalised condition unless agreement is given for the steel to be
supplied quenched and tempered (Q+T) or made by TMCP as specified in data sheets and
the following:
1. Normalised plate shall conform to EN 10028-3 or ASTM A516/A516M.
2. Quenched and tempered plates shall conform to EN 10028-6.
3. TMCP plates shall conform to EN 10028-5 or ASTM A841/A841M.
f. The vessel shall be PWHT.
g. Z quality and HIC plate shall be used for carbon steel. Z-quality steel plate shall be
designated as one of the following:
1. EN 10028-3 Grade P275NH + EN 10164, Z35.
2. ASME SA-516/SA-516M Grade 70 (or equivalent) + ASTM A770/A770M with S3 at
35%.
h. The plate shall meet EN 10028-3 or equivalent steel grades together with the following
supplementary requirements.
1. Steels shall be made by a low sulphur and low phosphorus refining process, for
example, in an electric furnace with double de-slagging or in the basic oxygen
furnace. The steel shall be vacuum degassed while molten.
2. The following limits by check analysis (product analysis) shall apply:
a) Carbon 0,200% max.
b) Sulphur 0,008% max.
c) Phosphorus 0,025% max.
d) Carbon equivalent (CE) 0,430 max.
The carbon equivalent value shall be calculated by the following formula:
Mn (Cr Mo V ) ( Ni Cu )
CE C
6 5 15
i. Plate shall be ultrasonically examined and meet EN 10160 quality classes S1/E1 or
equivalent.
j. Through-thickness tensile test
1. Each plate shall conform to acceptance class Z35 of EN 10164 or equivalent.
2. Company may agree to a retest after consideration of information supplied. The
through-thickness test shall be made after the completion of all heat treatments.
3. In addition to the above, the tests required by the material specification shall be
carried out.
k. Plate shall not be weld repaired without agreement and shall be subject to an agreed repair
procedure before repair.
l. The following additional requirements shall apply if data sheets specify that HIC resistant
plate shall be used.
1. Plates shall meet one of the following:
a) EN 10028-3/ASME SA-516/SA-516M (normalised).
b) EN 10028-6 (Q+T).
c) ASME SA-841/SA-841M (TMCP)/EN 10028-5.
2. For low temperature applications (down to -46°C) the impact tested carbon steel
plates meeting ASTM A516/A516M Grades 60, 65, 70 or EN 10028-3 grades P275
(NL2) and P355 (NL2) shall be used.
3. Steels shall be made by a low sulphur and low phosphorus refining process, for
example in an electric furnace with double de-slagging or in the basic oxygen
furnace. The steel shall be vacuum degassed while molten.
4. Plates shall be in the normalised, Q+T, or TMCP condition as specified in data sheets.
5. The following limits by check analysis (product analysis) shall apply:
a) Carbon 0,200% max.
b) Sulphur 0,002% max.
c) Phosphorus 0,008% max.
d) Oxygen 0,003% max.
q. Full penetration welds shall be provided on pressure boundary parts to internal attachments
such as downcomer bolting bars and segments, bed support beam seats, or any
load-carrying attachments that have the long axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the
vessel. This requirement for full penetration welds does not extend to tray support rings or
other circumferentially oriented attachments.
Annex B
(Normative)
Supplementary requirements for chrome-moly vessels
B.1 General
a. The plate edge preparation for welding shall be by flame cutting and grinding or by
machining. Nozzle openings shall be made by machining.
b. Material for starting and run-off plates for longitudinal automatic welding shall be of the
same chemical composition as the base material.
c. The hardness of weld crown and root surfaces, and HAZs shall not exceed:
1. Cr-Mo steels 225 HBW (HRB 97,6)
2. Cr-Mo-V steels (Vanadium modified) 235 HBW (HRB 99)
d. A fabrication sequence with IPWHT, DHT, and final PWHT, including temperature and
holding times shall be submitted with the proposal.
e. NDE inspections shall be referenced on the fabrication sequence.
f. Procedure qualification tests shall be made on plates or forgings of the same material
specification, grade, class, and thickness as the vessel using filler metal, flux, and (or) inert
gases of the same type, brand, nominal chemistry, and size to be used on the actual work.
g. Two production test specimens shall be produced to test the weld metal and HAZs. One
test specimen shall simulate the weldment between two shell courses, and one test
specimen shall simulate the weldment between nozzle forging and shell.
h. The qualification test coupons shall be in the same heat treated condition as the base
material prior to welding. Test coupons shall undergo the heat treatments (IWHT or
PWHT) anticipated for the completed vessel before testing. The 0,2 per cent proof strength
shall be determined.
i. The temperature and maximum amount of PWHT time is applicable to base material and
welding procedure qualification testing.
1. The maximum amount of time available for IWHT and PWHT shall be established.
2. Probable times for IWHT and final PWHT to fabricate the vessel shall be reported.
3. These times shall be subject to agreement prior to the start of work.
j. Temporary shop attachments such as aids for handling and fitting shall be as follows:
1. Attachments shall be preheated (as specified for the material) with the base metal
local to the attachment.
2. If temporary attachments are of a material different from the base metal, welds shall
be alloyed to match the base metal, not the attachment. After welding, the material
shall be allowed to air cool to ambient temperature.
3. Attachment welds shall be cut above the weld during removal of the attachment.
4. The remaining stub shall be ground flush with the base material surface.
5. The surface shall be MT inspected to confirm that it is free from defects.
k. Material for starting and run-off plates for longitudinal automatic welding shall be of the
same chemical composition as the base material.
l. One subsize production weld for chemistry and mechanical properties verification shall be
made for each heat of electrode and flux combination.
B.2 Fabrication
a. A local DHT shall be performed for all butt-welds and corner joint welds (i.e., ASME weld
category A, B, and C) that are 50 mm (2 in) and greater in thickness (See Annex E).
b. An IPWHT shall be performed for all nozzle attachment welds (i.e., ASME weld
category D) that are 50 mm (2 in) and greater in thickness (See Annex E).
a. The measured tensile strength, as recorded on the material test certificate or report, shall be
limited to 585 MPa (84,8 ksi) for plate and 655 MPa (95 ksi) for forgings.
b. The requirements included and guidance given in API RP 934-C and API RP 934-E shall
apply.
c. Head or shell plate welds shall not be subjected to an austenitising heat treatment without
specific agreement.
d. Minimum preheat temperature throughout thickness shall be 150°C (300°F). The actual
interpass temperature for WPS qualification tests shall be determined and defined on PQR
documents. Welding preheats shall be maintained until IPWHT has been performed.
e. Minimum PWHT temperatures shall be based on API RP 934-C or API RP 934-E as
applicable. API RP 934-E applies for vessels with operating temperatures above
440°C (825°F).
Annex C
(Normative)
Supplementary requirements for stainless steel vessels
C.1 Fabrication
a. Forming rolls used to form any austenitic stainless or nonferrous materials shall covered to
prevent carbon pickup or contamination of the formed material.
b. Formed heads shall be solution annealed after forming.
c. An allowance shall be made for the removal of not less than 3 mm (1/8 in) of metal by
machining or grinding to the finished dimension for stainless steels cut by any thermal
process, such as plasma arc or air arc.
d. Grinding and cleaning of stainless steels shall be done with tools that do not leave
detrimental deposits.
e. Only stainless steel brushes and clean, iron-free sand, ceramic, or stainless steel grit shall
be used for cleaning stainless steel and non-ferrous surfaces.
f. Cleaning tools or materials shall not have been previously used on carbon steel.
C.2 Welding
a. The ferrite content of ASS weld metal, with the exception of type 904L (which is fully
austenitic), shall be in the range 3% to 10% in the as-welded and post-weld heated
condition.
b. Ferrite checks shall be made on at least 5% of the welds, unless a higher percentage is
specified on the data sheets.
c. Comparable low carbon austenitic filler materials shall be used if welding low carbon
grade austenitic base materials.
d. Additional requirements for type 904L and 6Mo are as follows:
1. The high nickel alloy welding consumables of Ni-Cr-Mo (alloy 624 or ERNiCrMo-3)
filler metals shall be used for welding of 904L and 6Mo steels.
2. Autogenous welding techniques shall not be used.
3. Shielding gas shall conform to ASME B31.3 paragraph 328.3.4.
a. Welds shall be free from cracks and fissures. The extent of PT on welds shall be as
specified on the data sheets.
b. The pressure test fluid for ASS vessels shall not contain more than 30 ppm chlorides. See
clause 15.2h
c. ASS vessels shall be dried within 48 hours of draining, using swabs or a flow of air at
ambient temperature. Heat shall not be applied.
d. Unless directed otherwise, ASS vessels that operate in the range of 50°C to 150°C
(120°F to 300°F) shall be painted externally to the specification listed on data sheets.
e. Insulated ASS vessels operating below 50°C (120°F) shall be painted externally to the
specification listed on the data sheets.
f. Equipment shall be protected such that chloride contamination cannot occur during
shipment.
g. For vessel constructed to BSI PD 5500:
1. Inspection of forgings by PT shall be to EN 10228-2 and the required quality class
shall be class 3 unless otherwise specified on the data sheets.
2. Inspection of forgings by UT shall be to EN 10228-4 and the required quality class
shall be class 3 unless otherwise specified on the data sheets.
Water used during cleaning shall not contain more than 30 ppm chlorides.
Annex D
(Normative)
Supplementary requirements for clad plate or weld-overlay construction
D.1 Design
a. Linings, made by strips fillet welded to the base material, shall not be used.
b. Corrosion resistant alloy cladding or weld overlay shall not be considered in calculating
required pressure boundary thickness.
c. All cladding materials, other than titanium, for nozzles shall be made either by weld
overlay or from roll clad plate as shown in Figure D.1.
d. Solid alloy nozzles DN 100 (NPS 4) and less may be used instead of clad nozzles
provided:
1. The design temperature is less than 300°C (570°F).
2. The vessel is not in any of the special services listed in Annex A of this Specification.
3. An analysis of the thermal and mechanical stresses at the interface is performed.
e. Raised faced clad flanges shall be fabricated as shown in Figure D.4.
f. Ring type joint clad flanges:
1. Shall be fabricated as shown in Figure D.5.
2. A minimum of 3 mm (1/8 in) of cladding material shall remain under the ring groove.
3. Flange thickness, Tf, shall conform to ASME B16.5 and ASME B16.47 and shall not
be reduced.
STANDARD RING
3 mm (1/8 in) TYPE GROOVE
Tf
3 mm (1/8 in) MINIMUM
CLADDING THICKNESS
Requirements for cladding re-instatement shall conform to clause for cladding re-instatement in
GIS 18-013.
e. Welding consumables used for ASS weld overlays that are subject to PWHT shall be “L”
grade, or stabilised with additions of Ti or Nb (Cb) to minimise sigma phase formation
during the heat treatment.
f. The ferrite content of ASS overlays, with the exception of type 904L (which is fully
austenitic), shall be in the range 3 - 10% in the as-welded and post-weld heated condition,
see data sheets. Welding consumables for 904L clad restoration shall be Ni-Cr-Mo type
such as ERNiCrMo3
g. Vessels with Alloy 400 weld overlay designated for HF acid service shall have the
following:
1. Overlay shall contain a maximum of 5% iron (Fe) in the top 1,6 mm (1/16 in) of the
final deposit.
2. Overlays, deposited by manual processes, shall have a minimum of three layers.
3. ERNi-1 filler metal shall be used for the first pass if welding with the GTAW or
GMAW process.
h. The maximum diameter of SMAW electrodes shall be 3 mm (1/8 in).
i. Carbon content of low-carbon (L, LC, or ELC) grades of ASS, shall not exceed 0,03 %.
j. The columbium to carbon ratio of the deposited metal for columbium (niobium) bearing
grades of ASS (e.g., 347 and 309 Cb) shall not exceed 16:1.
k. If a single layer overlay is offered, metallurgical and analytical evidence shall be produced
to demonstrate its acceptability.
l. The welding process shall not transfer alloying elements via the flux to achieve the
specified weld metal composition.
m. Flux shall not be re-used.
n. Each batch of welding consumables, including each batch of submerged arc or electroslag
flux, for ASS overlays shall be tested in conformance to the agreed weld overlay procedure
to ensure that the resultant overlay conforms to the specified microstructure and chemical
analysis.
i. The chemical analysis results shall be used to calculate the ferrite content per the
Schaeffler-DeLong diagram.
j The ferrite content of ASS weld metal, with the exception of type 904L (which is fully
austenitic), shall be in the range 3% to 10% in the as-welded and post-weld heated
condition.
a. If the design temperature is greater than 300°C (570°F), full penetration welds shall be
used for internal attachments.
b. Internal attachments shall be classified as follows:
1. Lightly loaded supports: Average shear stress across the section does not exceed
25 MPa (3 625 psi).
2. Moderately loaded supports: Average shear stress across the section lies between
25 MPa (3 625 psi) and 50 MPa (7 250 psi).
3. Heavily loaded supports: Average shear stress across the section exceeds 50 MPa
(7,25 ksi).
c. For vessels made from clad plate, supports may be welded directly to the cladding without
stripping back to the base material as detailed in Figure D.2 and Figure D.3, if the
following conditions are satisfied:
1. The weld is unidirectional (such as at a tray support ring) and not multi-directional
(such as at a bracket).
2. The area is checked with UT for lack of bond prior to welding.
3. Materials for attachments welded to cladding are the same chemistry as the clad
material. See 9.10.1c.
d. On vessels with weld overlay, lightly loaded supports (such as tray support rings) may be
welded to the overlay without stripping back to the base material.
e. Heavily loaded supports shall be integral with the shell if thermal stress is present.
D.7.1 UT examination
a. Weld deposited overlay shall be subject to UT in conformance to ASTM A578 primarily to
establish the presence of any lack of fusion between the weld deposit and the base
material.
1. 10% of the overlay deposited during each shift shall be examined.
2. Any area of lack of fusion or other defect that cannot be contained within a 25 mm
(1 in) diameter circle shall be cause for rejection and 100% of the overlay completed
during the shift by the equipment or operator concerned shall be examined.
3. Defects shall be repaired by an agreed procedure and re-examined.
b. After DHT or IPWHT (if performed), the stainless steel overlay shall be spot checked for
bond consistency by UT on strips 75 mm (3 in) wide over the vessel length at four
equally-spaced positions around the circumference.
1. Any lack of fusion causing a loss of back reflection accompanied by an echo
indication from the plane of the interface of the overlay and base metal and having an
area greater than that of a 25 mm (1 in) diameter circle shall be repaired. This area
may be of any shape.
2. If any repair is needed, 100% of the surface shall be checked as above.
D.7.2 PT examination
a. 10% of the first layer of weld deposit overlay or clad re-instatement, plus as many “T”
joints as can be examined, shall receive PT surface examination.
b. If specified on the data sheets, the surface of weld overlay shall be subject to 100% PT in
conformance to ASTM E165 following any PWHT, but prior to pressure testing.
Annex E
(Normative)
Supplementary requirements for DHT and IPWHT
a. Prior to commencing DHT, the weld joint shall not be allowed to cool below the minimum
preheat temperature applicable to the weld joint. The minimum preheat temperature for P4
materials shall be 150°C (300°F) minimum. Preheat temperature for P5A and P5C
materials shall be 200°C (392°F) minimum.
b. Heating for DHT shall be provided using gas ring burners or by electrical heating
elements. Ring burners shall be constructed to provide uniform heat distribution to the
entire weld joint. The weld joint and a minimum of 25,4 mm (1 in) each side of the weld
joint shall be heated to achieve an even temperature distribution through the full wall
thickness of the weld joint.
c. DHT temperature shall be checked using temperature-indicating crayons, contact
thermometers, calibrated thermocouples, digital pyrometers, or laser heat measuring
instrument. If accessible, temperature shall be measured at the side opposite from which
the heat source is applied to ensure through wall thickness heating.
d. The weld joint shall be heated and held at a DHT holding temperature of 350°C to 370°C
(662°F to 700°F). Hold time at temperature shall not be less than 2 hours.
e. After the hold time is completed, the weld joint shall be wrapped in dry thermal insulation
blankets and allowed to slow cool to ambient temperature.
f. Non-destructive testing PT or MT shall be performed 48 hours after the weld joint has
cooled to ambient temperature.
g. A written report shall be prepared traceable to each weld joint receiving DHT.
a. IPWHT shall be carried out in a furnace and immediately after the weld joint has been
completely welded.
b. Prior to carrying out IPWHT the weld joint shall not be allowed to cool below the
minimum preheat temperature applicable to the weld joint.
c. The preheat temperature for the following materials shall be:
1. For P4 materials, 150°C (300°F) minimum.
2. For P5A and P5C materials, 200°C (392°F) minimum.
d. Preheat temperatures shall be maintained during handling and moving weld joint to the
furnace.
e. The furnace shall be prepared for IPWHT and heated to not less than the minimum preheat
temperature specified in the weld procedure specification applicable for the weld joint.
f. Furnace heating the weld joint above the minimum preheat temperature and the cooling the
weld joint after the IPWHT cycle shall conform to the applicable ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code.
g. The weld joint shall be heated and held at a temperature indicated below.
1. For P1 materials the ISR temperature shall be between 540°C and 593°C (1 000°F
and 1 100°F).
2. For P5A and P5C materials the ISR temperature shall be between 650°C and 680°C
(1 202°F and 1 256°F).
h. Hold time at IPWHT temperature shall not be less than 2 hours.
i. Cooling the weld joint from the IPWHT holding temperature shall be done in a closed
furnace. Below 315°C (600°F) the weld joint shall be allowed to cool to ambient
temperature inside the furnace with the furnace doors opened.
j. IPWHT heat treatment shall be recorded and charted in a furnace heat treatment chart.
Annex F
(Normative)
Allowable piping loads on nozzles
a. This annex defines maximum permissible nozzle loads applied by piping to offshore and
onshore pressure vessels which shall be designed to withstand these loads.
b. Should there be a requirement for increased forces or moments due to field piping
restrictions in one or more directions during detailed engineering, Supplier shall evaluate
these loads and advise impact on design of pressure vessel.
c. Nozzle reinforcement as determined by nozzle reinforcement calculations shall be used
when evaluating stresses using values listed in Table F.3.
d. If, following evaluation, the vessel shell or head is overstressed, Supplier shall not increase
reinforcement on nozzle but shall submit the calculations for review by Company
responsible engineer.
e. The tabulated forces and moments are applicable for vessels fabricated in carbon steel,
austenitic stainless steel and duplex stainless steel materials. The tabulated values shall be
reduced to 70% for titanium and 50% for copper-nickel piping systems.
f. The piping loads tabulated in Table F.3 shall apply at maximum design conditions.
g. The following provides the basis for tabulated values in Table F.3 and calculation method
for pipe sizes not listed in Table F.3:
FS Force allowable stress MPa (psi)
MS Moment allowable stress MPa (psi)
Am Metal area mm2 (ft2)
Z Section modulus mm3 (ft3)
P Axial force N (lbf)
VL Longitudinal force (for shell nozzles) N (lbf)
VC Circumferential force (for shell nozzles) N (lbf)
FR Resultant force (for head nozzles) N (lbf)
MT Torsional moment Nm (ft lbf)
ML Longitudinal moment (for shell nozzles) Nm (ft lbf)
MC Circumferential moment (for shell nozzles) Nm (ft lbf)
MR Resultant moment (for head nozzles) Nm (ft lbf)
P is the nozzle centreline and VL and VC are mutually perpendicular to P.
Values of FS and MS for each pipe size are given in Table F.2 below:
Annex G
(Normative)
Ladders and platforms
G.1. General
a. This annex applies to the design of ladders and platforms supported off pressure vessels.
b. Refer to structural steel materials, design and fabrication requirements included in
Purchase Order.
G.2. Layout
a. Arrangement of ladders and platforms on vertical vessels shall be as detailed in Figure G.1
specifying elevation of service platforms relative to manways, maximum ladder run and
minimum distance between platforms.
b. The standout of circular platforms and ladders from the vessel shall be in conformance to
PIP STF05535.
c. Platform arrangements shall be amended to allow access around vertical piping passing
through the platform, see PIP STF05530 pages 6 and 7, but for columns over 40 m
(130 ft), platforms and ladders shall be orientated around the circumference of vessel to
avoid vertical piping.
G.3 Platforms
a. The minimum recommended clearance between the face of a manway cover and
equipment, such as control valves or handrails, shall be 0,9 m (3 ft). Minimum clearances
between manways, valves, ladders, and handrails shall be as shown in Figure G.2 and
Table G.1.
b. Clearances for platforms at the top head of pressure vessel shall be as shown in Figure G.3.
c. Typical details of vessel platforms are shown in PIP STE05535 and PIP STF05535.
d. Unless otherwise specified in Purchase Order, floor gratings shall be fitted. Gratings shall
be laid with grating bearing bars spanning across the long span, see PIP STF05530 and
PIP STF05535 pages 5 and 6.
MAINTENANCE &
BLIND ACCESS
ACCESS PER
PURCHASERS SPECIFICATION
(360 in) MAX.
915mm TO 1525mm
(36 in TO 60 in) MAINTENANCE &
LADDER RUN
VALVE ACCESS
C/L MAINTENANCE
ACCESS 450mm TO 2060mm
9140mm
(18 in TO 81 in)
PLATFORM
[TYPICAL] ALTERNATIVE VALVE
ACCESS WITH OR
2440mm (96 in)
WITHOUT EXTENSION
MINIMUM
INTERMEDIATE STEM
PLATFORM TO
SUIT MAXIMUM 305mm (12 in) MINIMUM
LADDER RUN T.L.
N
MI )
m IN LADDER
7m M
45 8 in CAGE
(1
45 8 in
(1
7m M
m IN)
DAVIT VESSEL
MI
POINT
N
DAVIT LADDER
A
POINT CAGE
B
PROVIDE
PARTIAL
CAGE
LADDER
CAGE LADDER TO PLATFORM ABOVE
INTERMEDIATE LANDING SHALL BE
VESSEL DIMENSION 'B' WHERE
'B'= FLANGE O.D.+ 152mm (6 in) MIN.
A IS SHOWN IN TABLE Z.1
TYPE 1 TYPE 2
PLATFORM AT MANHOLE INTERMEDIATE LANDING AT MANHOLE
in MIN
WITH OR WITHOUT
N)
VALVE
MI
(24 mm
0
LADDER
61
CAGE VESSEL
45 8 in
(1
7m M
45 8 i
m IN)
7m n M
(1
MI
m IN
N
M )
LADDER
IN
CAGE
LADDER
PROVIDE CAGE
PARTIAL
CAGE VESSEL
EXTRA BARS
TYPE 4
TYPE 3 PLATFORM AT NOZZLE
INTERMEDIATE LANDING
FLANGE OR MANWAY
DIMENSION TO PERMIT
REMOVAL OF FLANGE
BOLTS PLATFORM
a. Ladders complete with cages and safety gates, shall provide access to vessel platforms in
conformance to standard drawings PIP STE05501 and PIP STF05501.
b. Width of ladder rung, measured between stringers, will be specified by Company.
c. Ladder rungs shall be equally spaced at a spacing to be specified by Company.
G.5. Handrailing
a. Handrailing shall conform to standard drawings PIP STF05520 and PIP STF05521
b. Pipe handrailing shall be seal-welded to prevent internal corrosion.
c. Coating of carbon steel handrailing shall conform to GIS 06-602.
Bibliography