Cri 215 Introduction To Industrial Concepts

UM Bansalan College
Department of Criminal Justice Education

Bachelor of Science in Criminology
Physically Distanced but Academically Engaged
Self-Instructional Manual (SIM) for Self-Directed Learning (SDL)
Course/Subject: CRI 215 – Introduction to Industrial Concepts
Name of Teacher: Ms. Jacklyn Van Marie H. Ronulo
THIS SIM/ SDL MANUAL IS A DRAFT VERSION ONLY; NOT

FOR REPRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OUTSIDE OF ITS
INTENDED USE. THIS IS INTENDED ONLY FOR THE USE OF
THE STUDENTS WHO ARE OFFICIALLY ENROLLED IN THE
COURSE/SUBJECT. EXPECT REVISIONS OF THE MANUAL.
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UM BANSALAN COLLEGE
Criminology Department
R. Delos Cientos St., Poblacion Dos
Bansalan, Davao del Sur
(082) 2724080
PART 1: QUALITY ASSURANCE POLICIES
Course Outline: CRI 215 – Introduction to Industrial Security Management
Course Facilitator: Ms. Jacklyn Van Marie H. Ronulo, RCrim

Email: ronulojacklynvanmarie@gmail.com
Student Consultation: Done online (LMS) or traditional contact
(calls, texts, emails)
Mobile: 0951-458-0304
Effectivity Date: November 2020
Mode of Delivery: Online Blended Delivery
Time Frame: 54 Hours
Student Workload: Expected Self-Directed Learning
Requisites: NONE
Credit: 3
Attendance Requirements: For online sessions: minimum of 95% attendance. For
1-day on- campus/onsite review: 100%
attendance. For 1-day on- campus/onsite final
exam: 100% attendance.
Course Outline Policies
Areas of Concern Details
Contact and Non-contact Hours This 3-unit course self-instructional manual is designed for
blended learning mode of instructional delivery with online
sessions through the LMS and the 2-days on-
campus/onsite face-to-face review and final
examination. The expected number of hours will be 54
including review and examination days. The face to face
sessions shall include the summative assessment tasks
(exams) since this course is crucial in the licensure
examination for criminologists.
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Assessment Task Submission Submission of assessment tasks shall be on 3rd, 5th, 7th
and 9th week of the term. The assessment paper shall be
attached with a cover page indicating the title of the
assessment task (if the task is performance), the name of
the course facilitator, date of submission, and name of the
student. The document should be emailed to the course
facilitator. It is also expected that you already paid your
tuition and other fees before the submission of the
assessment task. If the assessment task is done in real
time through the features in the Blackboard Learning
Management System, the schedule shall be arranged
ahead of time by the course facilitator.
Since this course is included in the licensure examination

for criminologists, you will be required to take the Multiple-
Choice Question exam during the on-campus/onsite
sessions. This should be scheduled ahead of time by the
course facilitator. This is nonnegotiable for all licensure-
based programs.
Turnitin Submission (if necessary) To ensure honesty and authenticity, all assessment tasks
are required to be submitted through Turnitin with a
maximum similarity index of 30% allowed, the students will
either opt to redo her/his paper or explain in writing
addressed to the course facilitator the reasons for the
similarity. In addition, if the paper has reached more than
30% similarity index, the student may be called for a
disciplinary action in accordance with the University’s OPM
on Intellectual and Academic Honesty.
Please note that academic dishonesty such as cheating

and commissioning other students or people to complete
the task for you have severe punishments (reprimand,
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warning, and expulsion).
Penalties for Late Assignments/ The score for an assessment item submitted after the
Assessments designated time on the due date, without an approved
extension of time, will be reduced by 5% of the possible
maximum score for that assessment item is late.
However, if the late submission of assessment paper has a

valid reason, a letter of explanation should be submitted
and approved by the course facilitator. If necessary, you
will be required to present/attach evidences.
Return of Assignments/ Assessment tasks will be returned to you 5 days after the
Assessments submission. This will be returned by email or via
Blackboard portal.
For group assessment tasks, the course facilitator will

require some or few of the students for online or virtual
sessions to ask clarificatory questions to validate the
originality of the assessment task submitted and to ensure
that all the group members are involved.
Assignment Resubmission You should request in writing addressed to the course

facilitator your intention to resubmit an assessment task.
The resubmission is premised on the student’s failure to
comply with the similarity index and other reasonable
grounds such as academic literacy standards or other
reasonable circumstances e.g. illness, accidents financial
constraints.
Re-marking of Assessment Papers You should request in writing addressed to the course
and Appeal facilitator your intention to appeal or contest the score
given to an assessment task. The letter should explicitly
explain the reason/points to contest the grade. The course
facilitator shall communicate with the students on the
approval and disapproval of the request.
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If disapproved by the Course Facilitator, you can elevate

your case to the program head or the dean with the original
letter of request. The final decision will come from the dean
of the college.
Grading System All culled from BlackBoard sessions and traditional

contact:
Course discussions/exercises – 30%
1st formative assessment – 10%
2nd formative assessment – 10%
3rd formative assessment – 10%
All culled from on-campus/onsite sessions (TBA):
Final exam – 40 %
Preferred Referencing Style (if the Submission of the final grades shall follow the usual
task require) University system and procedures.
Depends on the discipline; if uncertain or inadequate, use

the general practice of the APA 6th Edition.
Student Communication Students are required to create a LMS/Schoology account

which is a requirement to access the LMS/Schoology
portal. Then, the course facilitator shall enroll the students
to have access to the materials and resources of the
course. All communication formats: chat, submission of the
assessment tasks, requests etc. shall be through portal
and other university recognized platforms.
You can also contact your teacher/course facilitator via
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traditional contact (calls, texts, emails) or social media for

communication. For related concerns, the students can
contact the Dean, Program Head, Library, and Guidance
Help Desks.
For students who have not created their LMS/Schoology

account, please contact the Course Facilitator or Program
Head for further instructions.
Contact Details of the Dean JENNY T. HERNAN, MAEd
NUMBER
EMAIL
Contact Details of the Program Ms. Lalaine D. Madanlo

Head
0909-488-0001
lalaine_madanlo@umindanao.edu.ph
Students with Specials Needs Students with special needs shall communicate with the
course facilitator about the nature of his or her special
needs. Depending on the nature of the need, the course
facilitator with the approval of the program coordinator may
provide alternative assessment tasksor extension of the
deadline of submission of assessment tasks. However, the
alternative assessment tasks should still be in the service
of achieving the desired course learning outcomes
Online Tutorial Registration (if

available and necessary)
Library Contact Details RONILO GENON
NUMBER
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PART 2: INSTRUCTION PAPER
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part 1
………………………………………………………………………………………..Week 1 & 2
Metalanguage
Module 1: The Concept of Security and its History
 Definition of Security
 Conditions that brings unsecured conditions
 Historical background of Security Industry in the Country
 Origin and Development of Security
 Law of Private Security Agency RA 5487
Module 2: Security Management

 Industrial Security and its Concept
 Hazards and Its Types
 Security and Safety Measures
Module 3: Types of Industrial Security

 Physical Security
 Communication Security
 Transmission Security
 Cryptographic Security
 Physical Security
 Hotel Security
 Bank Security
 Document Security
 Personal Security
 Crisis Security
 Industrial Security
 Operational Security
 Other Special Types of Security
Self-help
Let’s Check
Let’s Analyze
Nutshell
Q and A List
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Part 2
………………………………………………………………………………………..Week 3 & 4
Metalanguage
Module 4: Major Divisions of Industrial Security
 Physical Security and its Components
 Perimeter Barriers
 Protective Lightings
 Protective Alarms
 Principles of Physical Security
 Personnel Security
 Document and Information Security
Module 5: Barriers and Types of Barriers

 Major Types of Barrier
 Natural Barrier
 Man-made Barriers
 Concept of Perimeter Barrier
 Perimeter Barrier Opening
 Types of Perimeter Barrier
 Additional Protective Measures
Module 6: Protective Lightings

 Types of Security Lightings
 General Types of Lighting Source
 Types of Lighting Equipment
 Lighting Application/Lighting Systems
Module 7: Protective Alarms

 Three Parts of Alarm System
 Types of Alarm Detection System
 Types of Alarm
 Types of Intrusion System
Module 8: Protective Locks and Key Control

 Lock
 Types of Lock
 Padlock
 Key and its Types
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Module 9: Protective Cabinet

 Protective Cabinets
 Safe
 Vault
 File Room
Self-help
Let’s Check
Let’s Analyze
Nutshell
Q and A List
Part 3 ……………………………………………………………………………………..
….Week 5 & 6
Metalanguage
Module 10: Guard Force and Guard System
 Security Guard
 Guard Force
 PADPAO
 LTO
 Requirements for New PSA
 Graduated Scale of License to Operate
 Basic Requisites for Security Guards
 Private Detective
 Security Officer
 Security Consultant
 Firearms and Equipment
 Use of Firearm and Equipment
Module 11: Uniform, Equipment and Paraphernalia

 Ranks and Position
 Personnel Security
 Investigation
 Techniques in Investigation
 Security Education
 Phases of Security Education
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Module 12: Document and Information Security

 Document Cycle
 Purpose of Protecting Classified Materials
 Three (3) Security Concepts
 Security Clearance
 Types of Propriety Information
Module 13: Risk Analysis and Security Hazard

 Risk Analysis
 Security Hazard
 Risk Management
 Relativity of Risk & Hazard
 Pilferage
 Security Inspection
Self-help
Let’s Check
Let’s Analyze
In a Nutshell
Q and A List
Course Information – see/download course syllabus in the Black Board

LMS
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CF’s Voice:
Hello prospective criminologists! Welcome to this course CRI 215Introduction to Industrial

Security Management. By now, I believe that you really wanted to become criminologists and
you already visualized yourself practicing your respective professions.
CO:
Before the actual practice of your profession, you have to possess one of the most important
skills of criminologists: you have to learn the significance of law enforcement administration in
connection with investigation which is the ultimate course outcome (CO) of this subject.
When we talked about industrial security as one of the areas of Law Enforcement
Administration, the study covers the organizational set up, administration and operation of
security and investigation agencies. It also includes the management of physical security in
an industry, investigation in dealing with different type of security hazards, and the application
of personnel, document, and information security.
Let us begin!
Big Picture
Unit Learning Outcomes (ULO): At the end of the unit, you are expected to
a. Explain the concepts of industrial security.
b. Discuss the importance of technology as physical barrier.
c. Discuss the important provisions of RA 5487 otherwise known as the Private Security Agency
Law.
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Big Picture in Focus: ULOa. Explain the concepts of industrial security.
Metalanguage
The most essential terms relevant to the study of this course and to demonstrate ULOa are operationally
defined to establish a common frame of reference as to how the texts work in the course. You will
encounter these terms as we go through the study of course. Hence, to be able to fully appreciate the
topics presented in this course, unlocking the meaning of these terms is crucial.
 Industry: It is a group of businesses that provide a particular product or service.
 Industrial: This pertains to the workforce or people involve who works in the industry.
 Security: It is a state or condition of being secured, free from any fear, harm, danger, loss, or any
destruction or damages.
 Management: It is the skilful means in order to attain a purpose.
 Industrial Security: A type of security measures applied into business industries.
 Hazard: It is a condition that may cause damage to property, injury, or loss of life.
 Human Hazard: It is the act or condition affecting the safe operation of the facility caused by human
action either accidental or intentional.
 Natural Hazard: It is caused by natural phenomena like flood, typhoon, earthquake, etc. that
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caused damage, disturbance and problems of the normal functioning activities including security.
 Risk: This refers to a potential loss or damage.
 Vulnerability: A weakness that can be used to gain access to an asset.
 PADPAO: Philippine Association of Detective & Protective Agency Operators. It is an association of

private security agencies.
Essential Knowledge
To perform the aforesaid big picture (unit learning outcomes) of the course, you need to fully
understand the following essential knowledge that will be laid down in the succeeding pages. The topics
presented in this section are taken from the approved textbook of the course. Please note that you are not
limited to exclusively refer to the resources. Thus, you are expected to utilize other books, research articles
and other resources that are available in the university’s library e.g. ebrary, search.proquest.com etc.
1. Introduction.
The need for security of lives and properties is as old as the history of man. Man’s existence is
characterized by constant exposure to dangers such as hazards caused by nature and those dangers
caused by man. It is innate to human to seek security and protection from any dangers for them to survive
and continue existing free from anything that may cause damage to their properties or may result to injury
or death.
 In the ancient world, humans learned to unite themselves into clans, then into tribes and later
into bigger communities. As they organized themselves, their primary reason is security of
their life, their livelihoods, and security of their existence.
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 Initially, humans were only worried of the natural causes of dangers such as earthquakes,
typhoons, lightning, and attacks from animals. And later, other tribes became enemies as
other tribes and other groups of people compete for survival.
 In this chapter, it discusses the brief history of security in the Philippines, the ancient policing
system in connection with security, and the function of the PNP SAGSD and PADPAO into
the private security agencies.
2. The Historical Background of Policing System
 In 18th century, the increased of population had the greatest difficulty in meeting the demand
for food. It has been noted that the lack of food leads people to steal; hence security is
needed for those who have plenty of stocks.
 19th century, in Great Britain, “the industrial revolution freed people from farm work for city
jobs”. As the population of England’s cities grow, slums also grew, crime increased, and
disorders became more frequent.
 In the United States, the new settlers in the west were exposed to the outlaws. Violent crimes
were more frequent in the mining camps and cattle towns. The rapid growth of cities produces
violence, crime and vice activities that demonstrated a breakdown of social order in small
communities. Cattle ranchers would often hire range detectives to captures rustlers. As a
result, some business firm emerged such as the famed Pinkerton’s Detective Agency which
offered to protect property and pursue offenders for a fee. Thus, security business started to
boom in the territories of the USA.
 In the Philippines, the “hacienderos” or owners of large tract of land often hire farm worker
who often double as protectors of the property against cattle rustlers and robbers. In 1950’s
hired security personnel were already widespread after the restoration of the country. There
were no strict regulations and security workers were permits to those wanting to be employed
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as security guards.
 The RA 5487 also known as “The Private Security Law”. It is an act that regulates the
organization and operation of private detective, watchmen or security guards agencies. But
prior to this, there is no law that regulates but what they need is to secure a permit from the
local government for them to hire a security guard.
 The establishment of Philippine Association of Detective and Protective Agency Operators

(PADPAO) in 1958 with the aim of making itself a freely governing, self-regulating and self-
policing to regulate the organization and operation of private detectives, watchmen, security
guards and agencies.
 FRANK-PLEDGE. A group of ten householders were considered a security unit called

“tithing”, ten tithing constituted the police organization in criminal matters.
 Henry II known as the “Law Giver” initiated the rule of lawas distinct from the more arbitrary
judgments of Normans.
 HENRY FIELDING 1748 proposed a permanent, professional and adequately paid security
force in England. Introduced the foot patrolto make the streets safe and mounted patrol for
the highways.
 Allan Pinkerton 1850. A cooper from Scotland Chicago Police Departments' first detective
established one of the oldest, private security forces in the United States.
 Brinks Incorporated 1889. Started the business as a private service to protect property and
the payroll system.
 William J. Burns, Inc.1909. It was formed to become the sole investigating agency for the
American Banking Association.
3. Laws and Significant Dates Related to Industrial Security in the Philippines
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 R.A. No. 5487. This law is known as the “Private Security Agency Law” and signed by
President Ferdinand E. Marcos on June 13, 1969.
 R.A. 6975. It is the law authorizing the PNP the control and supervision of security
agencies in the Philippines and it was approved into law on December 13, 1990. The
Philippine Constabulary (PC)supervising all Private Security Agencies,Company Guard
Forces and Government Guards.
 August 4, 1969. Created the Philippine Constabulary Security and Investigation Agency
Supervisory Office (PCSIASO)and renamed as PCSOCIA
 June 29, 1970. Created the Philippine Constabulary Supervisory Unit for Security and
Investigation Agencies (PCSUCIA) and renamed the PCSOCIA.
 P.D. No. 11. Issued on October 1972, amending certain sections of R.A. 5487 particularly
Section 4 as to who may organize a security and watchman agency. ( see PD no. 11)
 P.D. 100. On January 17, 1973, amended Sections 3, 4, 5, 8 and 9 which permits the PC to
deputize any private detectives, watchman or security guard to assist in cases of emergency.
(see PD no. 100)
 January 1, 1991. The Philippine National police (PNP) was created pursuant to R.A. 6975, the
PCSUSIA became the Supervisory Office for Security and Investigation Agencies (SOSIA)
renamed as PNP SAGSD (Security Agencies and Guards Supervision Division).
4. Four (4) Factors That Bring About to Unsecured Conditions
 THREAT
 HAZARDS
 VULNERABILITY
 RISK
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5. Two (2) Major Problems of Security
 Human or Man Made Hazards

 Natural Hazard
6. SECURITY AND SAFETYMEASURES
 Active Measure. These measures are physical barriers, ex. security lightings, safes and
vaults, locks and other devices.
 Passive Measure. This type of measure can deter an individual from committing any acts
for fear of being caught. Ex: Security education programs, security investigation, fire
prevention seminars, safety drills, and other means of awareness program.
7. TYPES OF SECURITY
 Physical Security. It is a system of barriers placed between the potential intruder and the
matter to be protected.
 Communication Security. It is the protection preventing unauthorized person to access any

telecommunication.
Three Types of Communication Security
a. Transmission Security
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b. Cryptographic Security
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c. Physical Security
 Hotel Security. The security measure being applied in a hotel, inns, or any other similar to
this in order to protect employees, guest, assets, and hotel’s property.
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 Bank Security. A systematic precaution and measures applied in bank to safeguard the
cash and assets while in the storage, in transit, and during transaction.
 Document Security. A physical security that involves the protection of documents and
classified papers from loss, damage, theft, and access to unauthorized person.
 Personal and VIP Security. This provides executive protection to anyone that may need it.
The type of people that ask for VIP security protection may include celebrities, politicians,
dignitaries, and business executives.
 Crisis Security. A security measure applied in any event that is going to lead to an
unstable and dangerous situation affecting an individual, group, community, or whole
society.
 Industrial Security. A security measures applied to safeguard factories, manufacturing

establishment, etc.
 Operational Security. A physical security which deals with the protection ofprocesses,
formulas, patents and other activities to avoid infiltration.
 Air Cargo Security. This security measured applied to minimize, prevent losses of cargo
during in transit, storage or transfer.
 Supermarket Security. It is a security system that provides loss prevention systems and
accessories, display security personnel; customer traffic counting and inventory
intelligence solutions to reduce loss, and improve store operations.
 School Security. This is applied in response to the increase of violent crimes committed
against students and school personnel, and school properties.
 Personnel Security. This is involved in the background checks of individuals

commensurate with the security requirements of their work.
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Self Help:
List of References:
 Peckley, M.F. (2019). The Private Security Agency Law: Industrial Security Management
Review/Handbook. Wiseman’s Books Trading
 Ajero, J.M. (2014). Industrial and Corporate Security Management: Wiseman’s Books Trading
 Peckley, M.F. (2013). Security Management: Principles and Practices. Wiseman’s Books Trading
Let’s Check
Activity 1. After reading the topics presented under the Essential Knowledge, you are required to perform
this activity in order to check the level of your comprehension. Encircle the correct answer.
1. What law gives the PNP the responsibilities in the supervision, control and training, operations of
security agencies, issuance of license to operate and the license to practice the security profession?
a. RA 8551 b. RA 5487
c. RA 6975 d. RA 9514
2. What is the first Chicago’s Police Department detective and private security force in the United States?
a. PADPAO b. Pinkerton’s Detective Agency
c. Frankpledge Security System d. Laisses Faire Detective Agency
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3. Which of the following does not describe security?
a. A state or feeling of safety.
b. Free from worry about possible loss.
c. Something giving assurance.
d. Security Hazards
4. The Frankpledge System consist of how many members?
a. 5 b. 10 c. 15 d. 20
5. It is an act governing the organization and management of private security agency, company guard
forces and government security forces.
a. RA 8551 b. RA 5487
c. RA 6975 d. RA 9514
6. It is the state or quality of being secured or freedom from fear on danger is referred to as ________.
a. Liberty b. Security
c. Protection d. Independence
7. These are conditions or acts that may cause damage to property, injury, or loss of life.
a. Risks b. Danger
c. Hazards d. Warning
8. It is a group of houses holders were considered a unit called “tithing” constituted the police organization
in criminal matters.
a. Frankpledge System b. Assize of Clarendon in 1166
c. Lord and Man` d. Anglo Saxons
9. He was a cooper from Scotland, Chicago Police Department’s first detective and established one of the
oldest private security forces in the United States.
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a. Henry Fielding b. Allan Pinkerton
c. Henry II d. William J. Burns
10. It is a group of businesses that provide a particular product or service and process of making products
by using machinery and factories.
a. Security b. Industrial
c. Industry d. Vulnerability
11. Which of the following is the protection of assets, guests, personal effects and other properties in
hotels, inn and other similar establishments?
a. Bank Security b. Personal Security
c. Hotel Security d. Crisis Security
12. The possibility that something may cause unpleasant to happen, this refer to ______.
a. Threat b. Hazard
c. Risk d. Vulnerability
13. Which of the following is not an active measure security?
a. Security Education b. Security Lightings
c. Physical Barriers d. Safe and Vaults
14. The PNP and other government law enforcement agencies serve as the immediate law enforcement
agency in which they ______.
a. Persecute security guards who are improperly licensed.
b. Assists security guards and security agencies in the performance of their security functions.
c. Apprehend erring security guards who are improperly licensed.
d. Supervise the operation of security agencies.
15. What is the main function of the PNP SAGSD to the Security and Investigation Agencies?
a. Supervision b. Management
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c. Control d. All of These
16. Who among the following contributed the patrol force in the field of security?
a. Henry II b. Henry Fielding
c. The Assize of Clarendon d. Allan Pinkerton
17. It is also known as the Private Security Agency Law.
a. RA 8551 b. RA 9263
c. RA 5487 d. RA 6425
18. Who among the Philippine President who signed the Private Security Agency Law?
a. Pres. Emilio Aguinaldo b. Pres. Ramon Magsaysay
c. Pres. Corazon Aquino d. Pres. Ferdinand Marcos
19. When was the signing of the Private Security Agency Law?
a. April 6, 1967 b. May 9, 1968
c. June 13, 1969 d. July 15, 1970
20. The PNP SAGSD stands for __________.
a. Philippine National Police Security Agencies and Guards Supervisions Division
b. Philippine National Police Survey Agency and Guard Supervisory Division
c. Philippine National Police Security Administration and Guard Department
d. Philippine National Police Security Agency and Guard Supervisions
Let’s Analyze
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Activity 1. In this activity, you are required to answer the questions base on the topics you had read. You
must utilize all the lines provided below for your answer.
1. Why there is a need for security?
________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
2. Explain how the four factors can bring to us into unsecured conditions?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
3. Give at least five examples of active security measure.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. Give at least five examples of passive security measure.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
5. How can you say that you are safe today?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Activity 2. There are two types of hazard, the man-made/human hazard and natural hazard. In this
activity, you are required to list down at least five examples of each hazard and discuss the effect to human
and environment.
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HAZARD Effect to Human Effect to Environment

Man-Made Hazard
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Natural Hazard
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
In a Nutshell
Activity 1. In the essential knowledge, the three types of communication security were being mentioned. In
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this task, you are required to define and explain the flow of communication on how the message being
protected.
1.Transmission Security
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2. Cryptographic Security
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3. Physical Security
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_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________
Activity 2.While in this task, you need to choose at least five (5) among the types of security and give also
five (5) recommendations on what or how security measures to be applied in order to protect client’s
safety, free from any loss and damage, confidentiality of information and other security concern.
Types of Security Recommendation
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1.
2.
3..
4.
5.
Q & A List. This section allows the students to list down all emerging questions or issues. These questions
or issues may be raised in the LMS or other modes. Let the students write the answers after clarification.
The Q&A portion helps in the review of concepts and essential knowledge.
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Do you have any clarification?
Questions/Issues Answer
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Big Picture in Focus: ULOb.It discusses the importance of physical security as

means of physical barrier.
Metalanguage
The significance of ULOb is to prevent or limit harm to any individual in the event of an
unwanted incident. Some situations may constitute hazard and accident that have occurred. In this section,
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you will learn what the different types of physical barriers are and when or where it is applicable. Please
note that you will also be required to refer to the previous definitions found in ULOa section.
 Physical Barrier. A natural or a man-made obstacle that limits or delays and preventsany intruders
who has an ill intention entering in an area.
 Perimeter Barrier. It is a physical barrier being installed within the perimeter of the establishments,
houses, malls, hotels, and other similar places.
 Protective Lightings. This provides continuing illumination during the time of darkness and degree of
protection that is maintained in daylight.
 Protective Alarms. Another means of physical security that alerts security personnel in any attempt
of intrusion. This is also known as warning devise that enunciate when there are intruders that
actuates the device in a protected area.
 Peterman. An English term used to describe a lock picker.
 Key. A metal instrument with grooves for locking and unlocking a padlock. :
 Protective Cabinets. It is considered as the final line of defense for safekeeping in which all pertinent
documents, checks, and other valuable assets are being stored.
 Guard Force. These refer to the force of a group of men who are licensed and highly trained for the
purpose of protecting the operational processes of the business.
 Enunciator. A visual or audible-signalling device which initiates condition of associated circuits.
Essential Knowledge
Before proceeding to ULOb, you must see to it that you fully understand the concept of ULOa. In
this ULO, you will appreciate the contribution of the different types of physical barriers in order to deter
individual doing illegal activities and how these barriers protect the lives and properties of a man. The
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topics presented from this chapter were taken from the approved textbook of the course. Please note that
you are not limited to exclusively refer to the resources. Thus, you are expected to utilize other books,
research articles and other resources that are available in the university’s library e.g. ebrary,
search.proquest.com etc.
Introduction
The major purpose of physical security is prevention and protection. Physical security is both
passive and active measure that can be learned and acquired. It is design to deter intruders, prevent
unauthorized access, and to safeguard assets against threat such as espionage, sabotage, terrorism,
damage, and other criminal activity.
1. Principles of Physical Security
a. Enemy Agents Must Access. In the commission of crime gaining information is very essential. Through
the information being collected, the perpetrator can draw a plan out of the information; easily penetrate to
the subject and to accomplish the motive.
b. There is no Impenetrable Barrier. No physical barrier is perfect. Its barrier has its own vulnerability that
anyone can access but to assure that it can be protected we need to invest money, time, materials and
ideas just to prevent and delay the access.
c. Defense in Depth. This is also known as the “barrier after barrier”. It is the combination of all the types
of physical barriers for the purpose of effective security. This is most probably applied in a high level
security to assure safety.
d. Surreptitious vs. Non-Surreptitious. The manner of entry of surreptitious is not visible, while the non-
surreptitious is the opposite of surreptitious in which any person enter visibly. Regardless it’s visible or not,
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intruders usually find a right timing to penetrate and accomplish its motive.
e. Each Installation is Different. In every establishment there is security applied but it may defer from
each other according to its place and nature of the business. The establishment has its own security and
safety measure depending on the level of security needed.
2. General Types of Physical Barriers
 Natural Barrier
This barrier refers to the feature of nature capable of protecting or hindering unwanted
phenomenon.
 Structural Barrier or Man-Made Barrier

It is a product of human design to impede and protect even the lives and properties of human.
 Human Barrier
This type of barrier includes man’s involvement to extend their time just to protect the community
as a whole.
 Animal Barrier
A type of barrier in which the animals are the main source of security.
 Energy Barrier
This includes lighting, alarm, and intrusion as means of security and detection system.
3. Line of Physical Defense
 First Line Defense. This includes perimeter barriers. ex. fence
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 Second Line Defense. The building exteriors are considered as second line security. ex. roof
 Third Line Defense. This line defense includes the internal control measures. ex. CCTV
TYPES OF PERIMETER BARRIER
1. Fences
 Solid Fence. This type of fence is made of impenetrable substance in such a way that no one can
access visually through the fence. It is constructed with heavy and concrete materials.
 Full View Fence. This type of fence is being installed by a wire. It is constructed in which anybody
can access visually through the fence. It is designed to control physical access between two areas.
Different type of Full View Fence
1. Chain Link Fence
 The following standard guidelines must be observed:

a. It must be constructed of 7 ft. material excluding the top guard.
b. The wire must be 9 gauge of heavy.
c. The mesh openings should not to be larger than 2 inches per side.
d. It must be fastened to rigid metal and must reached 2 inches of hard ground.
e. On soft ground, must reach below surface deep to compensate for shifting soil and sand.
CHAIN LINK FENCE
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2. BARBED WIRE FENCE
 The following standard guidelines must be observed:

a. The standard barbed wire is twisted and double-strand with 12 gauge wire and 4 point barbs
spaced on equal distance apart.
b. Must be less than seven feet high, excluding the top guard.
c. Must be firmly affixed to post not more than six feet apart.
d. Distance between strands must not exceed 6 inches and at least one wire will be interlaced
vertically and midway between posts.
BARBED WIRE FENCE
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3. CONCERTINA WIRE FENCE.
 An open concertina wire is 50 feet long and 3 feet in diameter.
4. Clear Zone
 The following standard guidelines must be observed.
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a. It must be 20 feet between the perimeter barrier and exterior structure.

b. A space of 50 feet or more between the perimeter barrier and structure within the protected areas
except when a building wall has its own perimeter barrier.
2. BUILDING WALLS. This barrier is not limited to walls but it also include floor, roofs that serve to protect
house, building, and other similar places.
3. BODIES OF WATER. This type of barrier is more advantageous if the building is being surrounded by
water. The possible intruder cannot easily penetrate or get in to the place for the reason that it needs to
pass by first the body of water.
ADDITIONAL PROTECTIVE MEASURES
1. Top Guard. It is an extended wire on the top of the fence facing either upward or outward with a 45
degree angle and with 3 to 4 strings of barbed wires 6 inches apart.
2. Guard Control Stations. It is base at the main perimeter entrance to secure areas some areas that is
not manned by security personnel on a full time basis.
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3. Towers or “Guard Towers”. This is similar to security guard house in which it is being installed on the
top for easy visual access on the ground.
4. Signs and Notices or “Control Signs”. This signs should be placed in an area where entry is being
prohibited to prevent any untoward incident.
5. Perimeter Guards. These are security guards are being posted within the perimeter.
Two Types of Perimeter Guards
 FIXED POST. These are security guards usually designated in a specific post or area of
responsibility.
 PATROL or ROVING POST. This security guard is obliged to check and go around within the
building’s premises. This is opposite to fixed post assignment.
SECURITY LIGHTINGS OR PROTECTIVE LIGHTINGS
Lighting system is continuing process of illumination during the time of darkness. It also
protects and gives security to deter individuals in committing criminal acts for the reason of apprehension.
Protective lightings play a significant role in securing the lives and properties of man.
TYPES OF SECURITY LIGHTINGS
1. Stationary Luminary. This is commonly use in a flood due to its glare-projection. It is a strong deterrent
to a potential intruder because it makes it difficult to observe what’s inside the area.
2. Stand-by Lighting. It is similar to continuous lighting but in turned on manually or by special device or
automatic means especially when there is suspicion of entry.
3. Movable Lighting. This is manually operated search lights which may be lighted continuously during
hours of darkness or only as needed.
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4. Emergency Lighting. It is being installed in a fix area and can be utilized in the event of electrical
failure.
GENERAL TYPES OF LIGHTING SOURCES
1. Incandescent Lights. This light provides good color rendition and it is cheaper compared to other light.
2. Mercury Vapor Lamp. It gives a purplish-white color caused by an electric current passing through a
tube of conducting and luminous gas.
3. Metal Halide. Almost the same physical appearance to mercury vapors, but it gives a light source of
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higher luminous efficiency and better color rendition.
4. Fluorescent Lamp. It provides good color rendition but it cannot project light over long distances area.
5.High-Pressure Sodium Vapor. This for exterior lighting only and commonly installed in roadways. It is
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being introduced in 1965.
6. Low-Pressure Sodium Vapor. It produces yellow color.
7. Quartz Lamp. It is commonly used in a lampshade and it produces very bright light.
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TYPES OF LIGHTING EQUIPMENT
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1.Floodlights
2. Street Light
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3.Search Light
4.Gate House Lighting
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5.Topping-Up Lighting
PROTECTIVE ALARM
It is a security device that is commonly known as warning device. It gives signs either audible or
visual if imminent to danger.
THREE PARTS OF AN ALARM SYSTEM
1.SENSOR OR TRIGGER DEVICE

It is responsible of detecting the aural or visual signals or it can be both.
2.TRANSMISSION LINE
A device responsible to deliver the message to the signalling device.
3. ENUNCIATOR
A signalling system that activates the alarm especially when there is danger.
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TYPES OF ALARM DETECTION SYSTEM
1. CENTRAL STATION SYSTEM. A protective system in which the operation of protection devices
and circuits is automatically signalled to a commercial agency, called a central station, whose sole
purpose is to provide protective services to subscribers.
2. PROPRIETARY SYSTEM. It is owned and leased by the subscriber, operated and located in the
facility. It responses to all alarms by facility’s own security or by fire department.
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3. LOCAL ALARM SYSTEM. It is a warning device that can be aural or visual installed in a protected area.
A bell or light will appear if there is an attempt or complete intrusion.
4. AUXILIARY SYSTEM. The installations circuits are connected into local police or any concern
department. If there is untoward incident, the concern person may call to the concern department for
immediate response.
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5. LOCAL ALARM. It is an alarm system installed and applied in the establishment. This is a sounded
alarm in which people are aware on what to do in the response of the alarm.
6. DIAL ALARM SYSTEM. This is type of alarm system in which there is a hotline number being set to dial
when the alarm is activated.
KINDS OF ALARMS
1. Audio Detection Device. It is a device capable of detecting through sound caused by forcible entry.
2. Vibration Detection Device. This device can detect through the waves of vibration.
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3. Metallic Foil or Wire. It is capable to detect if there is any movement of the foil or wire.
4. LASER BEAM ALARM. A laser beam is visible to the floor, wall, fence or any other places that laser
beam may reach. If the beam is disturbed the alarm will be activated.
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5. PHOTOELECTRIC OR ELECTRIC EYE. The beam of this device is either visible or invisible. This is
also known as the photo eyes that emit a beam of light being used to detect the presence or
absence of items or the changes of surface conditions. When the emitted light is interrupted by the
object, the change in light patterns is measured by a receiver and the target object or surface is
recognized.
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PERIMETER PROTECTION
1. DOOR SWITCHES. This is being installed on a door or window in such a way that the opening of the
door or window causes a magnet to move from a contact switches that activates the alarm.
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2. METALLIC FOIL (WINDOW TAPE). It is used to detect glass breakage in windows and doors. When
the glass cracks and breaks the foil will interrupts the low-voltage electrical circuit and activates the
alarm.
3. GLASS DETECTORS. These are attached to the glass break and sense the breakage of the glass by
shock or sound.
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4. WOODEN SCREENS. This is usually made of a wooden sticks form like a cage and put together not
more than 4 inches from each other.
5. WINDOW SCREENS. It is made of a very fine coated wire screen (window screen) put up after a
window in order to protect the window. The intruder must cut the screen to have a chance of entry.
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6. LACE AND PANELING. This type of perimeter protection is a door made of metallic wire surface in
installed as protection of a door. The intruders must destroy it first before penetrating and try to open the
main door.
PROTECTIVE LOCKS, KEY CONTROL AND PROTECTIVE CABINETS
LOCKS.A mechanical, electrical and hydraulic or electronic device to prevent entry into a building, room,
container or hiding place and to prevent the removal of items without the consent of the owner.
PADLOCKS.A portable and detachable lock having a sliding hasp which passes through a staple ring or
the like and is then made fast or secured.
TYPES OF LOCKS
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1. KEY OPERATED MECHANICAL LOCK. It uses some sort of arrangement of the internal physical
barriers (wards tumblers) in which it prevents the lock from operating unless they are properly aligned. The
key is the device used to align these internal barriers so that the lock may be operated.
TYPES OF KEY-OPERATED LOCK
a. WARDED LOCKS. This type of lock does not provide high level degree of security.
b. DISC TUMBLER LOCKS. It is also known as the wafer locks. They have flat metal tumblers with open
center fitted into slots in a plug that is in turn fitted into a lock case.
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c. LEVER TUMBLER LOCKS. Each lever in the lock hinges on a fixed point and is held down against a
stop by the pressure of a flat spring. Each lever has a cut in it, and all the gates be located at different
places.
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d. PIN TUMBLER LOCK. The mechanism depends for its security, and a number of round pin or tumblers
operating a cylinder. It is divided into two parts, the driver which is the upper part (flat on bolt)and the pin
the lower part (rounded or slightly pointed on the lower end to fit the grooves or cuts in the key).
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OTHER TYPES OF LOCKS
a. COMBINATION LOCKS. The combination mechanism uses numbers, letters or symbols. They have
three or four series of numbers and letters which must be aligned in the proper order before the lock will
open.
b. CODE OPERATED LOCKS. It is a combination type of locks and that has no key is needed. In pressing
the series of numbered button in proper sequence is the way to open.
c. ELECTROMAGNETIC LOCKS. These are devices holding a door by magnetism. These are electrical
units consisting of electromagnetic on metal holding sequence.
d. CARD OPERATED LOCKS. These are electronically operated by utilizing a systematic card to open.
KEY CONTROL. This key control is a system in making sure that the keys are only be used by authorized
person and it prevents giving of copies to unauthorized users.
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KEY CABINET. The cabinet will have to be of sufficient size to hold the original key to every lock in the
system. It should be lock at all times.
KEY RECORDS. Some administrative means must be set up to record code numbers of the locks and to
whom the keys of a specific locks was issued.
INVENTORIES. Periodic account must be made of all duplicates and original keys in the hands of the
employees whom they have been issued.
AUDITS. In addition to periodic inventories, an unannounced audit should be made of all the key control
records and procedures by a member of the management.
DAILY RECORD. A regular report must be made to the person responsible for the key control from the
personnel department indicating all persons who have left or will be leaving the department or the
company.
TYPES OF KEYS
CHANGE KEY. A specific key, which operates the lock, and has a particular combination of cuts, or
battings, which will match the tumblers in the lock.
SUB-MASTER KEY.A key that could open all the lock within a particular area or grouping in a particular
facility.
GRAND MASTER KEY. A type of key that will open everything in a system involving two or more master
key groups.
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MASTER KEYING SYSTEM. It is a system used in big installation whereby keys can open a group or
groups of locks. This is possible by the use of interchangeable cylinder cores in the locks.
The following are considerations in Master Keying System
KEYING. The use of a pass or a skeleton key. It is used to operate an expensive lock by moving it in a key
hole until it catches a locking belt and unlocks the mechanism.
MASTER KEYING. It is made possible due to the development of interchangeable cylinder cores.
MASON KEYING. The use of a key to open the main entrance and the office
LEVELS OF CONTROL IN THE MASTER KEYING PLAN
1. ONE LEVEL (CHANGE KEY). All locks operated by change key only and keyed different or alike or
required. Each key operates its own lock only. Examples: houses, stores, cars, warehouse
2. TWO LEVEL (MASTER KEY). Al levels are operated by change key and master key. It operates all
locks generally of one building. Examples: small school, apartment.
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3. THREE LEVEL (GRAND MASTER KEY). All locks operated by change key, master keys and grand
master keys. It is used in large buildings. Examples: office buildings, hospitals
4. FOUR LEVEL (GREAT GRAND MASTER KEY). All locks operated by change key, grand master keys
and great grand master keys similar to three levels.
5. FIVE LEVEL (GREAT GRAND MASTER KEY).All locks operated by change key, master keys, grand
master keys and great grand master keys. Examples: big universities, complexes and large industrial
complexes.
STATUTORY LAWS THAT PROHIBITS POSITION OF KEYS
ARTICLE 304 of the Revised Penal Code. Possession of Picklock or Similar Tools
Any person who shall without lawful cause have in possession of picklocks or similar tools
especially to the commission of crime or robbery, shall be punished by arresto menor in its maximum
period to prision correctional in its minimum period.
ARTICLE 305 of the Revised Penal Code. False Key. The term “false key” shall be deemed to
include:
a. Genuine key stole from the owner.
b. Any key other than those intended by the owner for the use in the lock forcibly opened by the
offender.
SECURITY CABINET. It is the final line of defence of any facility. This serves as the storage where
papers, records, cash, or other valuable assets that needs to be protected.
THREE TYPES OF SECURITY CABINET
SAFE
It is a metallic container used for the safekeeping of documents or any valuable items in an office for
safekeeping. The weight must be at least 750 lbs. with a body of at least one inch thick of steel and it
should be attached to a building structure.
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VAULT
This heavy constructed container is capable of resisting fire for at least 6 hours. It is bigger than safe
with a size of 6 inches for door made of steel and the floor, walls, and ceiling with a size of at least 12
inches which are also concrete.
FILE ROOM
A cubicle constructed in a building in which it is lighter and bigger size than a vault to accommodate
limited people to work on records inside. It should be at most 12 feet high, must have a watertight door,
and be least fire proof for an hour.
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Self Help:
List of References:
Let’s Check
1. The following are the principles which necessitate the establishment of physical measures to deny
unauthorized access or intrusion, except one.
a. Enemy Agents Must Access
b. There is Impenetrable Barrier
c. Surreptitious vs. Non-Surreptitious Entry
d. Each Installation is Different
2. It is the most familiar type of outdoor security lighting designed to provide two specific results: glare
projection or controlled lighting refers to________.
a. Standby Lighting b. Continuous Lighting
c. Emergency Lighting d. Portable Lighting
3. It is an additional overhang of barbed wire placed on vertical perimeter fences facing upward and
outward with a 45 degrees angle with three to four strands of barbed wires placed 6 inches apart.
a. Guard Control Stations b. Top Guard
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c. Guard Towers d. Cliffhanger
4. These are independent structures designed to control physical and visual access between outside
areas.
a. Fences b. Walls c. Barriers d. Grills or Bars
5. Mr. Adrian James Tenoria aka “HILAS pero GWAPO” owned an establishment located somewhere in
Davao City. He plans to install fence just to secure and avoid unauthorized person to view or observe the
daily transaction inside. Which among the following fences suited for this?
a. Full-View Fence b. Half Type Fence
c. Solid Fence d. Wall
6. Mr. Mervin Wall owned a “MANSION HOUSE” located in Brgy. Di-Makita, Walasamapa City. He wants
to be safe, so he installed different means of security measure just to secure his family and the property as
well. He installed CCTV and alarm system inside the house and, the perimeter and building exterior is
concrete. Among the types of defense line, the perimeter security is considered as __________?
a. First Line of Defense b. Second Line of defense
c. Third Line of defense d. Natural Hazard
7. This solid fence is made of opaque material in such a way that visual access through the fence structure
is denied.
a. Solid Fence b. Full View Fence
c. Semi Solid Fence d. Darkened Fence
8. The following are examples of second line of defense, except one.
a. Doors b. Vaults c. Floors d. Windows
9. This refers to the physical structure whether natural or man-made capable of restricting, deterring,
delaying or preventing illegal and unauthorized access to an installation.
a. Barriers b. Fence c. Hazards d. Walls
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10. Physical security describes measures that “deter” attackers from accessing a facility, resources or
information stored on physical medial. Deter means __________.
a. Discourage b. Encourage c. Push d. Detects
11. Which of the following types of lighting that duplicates the system in whole or in part and is used during
power failure or emergencies?
a. Emergency Lighting b. Movable Lighting
c. Standby Lighting d. Stationary Luminary
12. An industrial complex must have established its first line of physical defense. It must have _______.
a. The building itself. b. Communication Barrier
c. Perimeter Barriers d. Window Barriers
13. The employment of mechanical, electrical, electronic energy imposes a deterrent to entry by the
potential intruder or to provide warning to guard personnel is considered as ________.
a. Energy Barrier b. Animal Barrier
c. Manmade Barrier d. Structural Barrier
14. What is the standard height of a barbed wire fence excluding the top guard?
a. 7 feet high b.8 feet high c. 9 feet high d. 10 feet high
15. What line of defense is the security guard?
a. 1st line b. 2nd line c. 3rdline d. Barrier Line
16. These barriers are usually shepherd dogs trained for and used as guards.
a. Natural b. Human c. Animal d. Energy
17. These barriers are includes mountains, cliffs, canyons, ravens, seas, marshes, deserts, or terrain
difficult to traverse.
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a. Natural b. Human c. Animal d. Energy
18. What is the term referring to barriers which are offered by nature which could be obstructed or delay
the passage way of potential intruders?
a. Artificial Barriers b. Nature provided Barriers
c. Natural Barriers d. Man Made Barrier
19. This is an additional outward inclined fixed structure usually barbed wires placed above a vertical fence
to increase physical protection from intruders of certain area, this is known as ______.
a. Cellar Guard b. Tower Guard
c. Top Guard d. Top Tower
20. The following are the purpose of perimeter barrier, except one.
a. To create a physical and psychological deterrent to unauthorized entry.
b. To define the boundary of the property to be secured.
c. To include the utilization of security personnel.
d. To facilitate and improve the control of pedestrian and vehicular traffic
Let’s Analyze
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Activity 1. In this activity, you are required to answer the questions base on the topics you had read in the
essential knowledge. You need to explain your answer for you to be able express your ideas. Utilize all the
lines provided below for your answer.
1. Explain how these physical barriers protect the community as a whole?
a. Natural Barrier
_____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
b. Structural Barrier or Man-Made Barrier
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
c. Human Barrier
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________________________
d. Animal Barrier
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
e. Energy Barrier
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________________________
2. How can we say that clear zone is a perimeter barrier?
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3. Give at least five reasons why protective lightings can prevent intruders and deter a person engage in
criminal activity.
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_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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4. Despite of the protective lightings installed in streets, main roads, houses, buildings, why there are still
crimes committed in these areas?
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5. In question no. 4, what can you suggests in solving the problem.
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______________________________________________________________________
6. Which among the following type of locks you consider as the safest lock?
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_____________________________________________________________________________________
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7. As a whole, how all these physical security makes the life of people secure?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Activity 2. One of the principles of physical security is “Each installation is Different”, with this activity,
you are required to give at least five concrete samples for you manifest that the installation of physical
barrier may defer from each other according to its need. Please provide the space below.
1.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________
2.
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_____________________________________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________
3.
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4.
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5.
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_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Activity 3. There are five types of alarm system each of this alarm has its own characteristics. In this
activity, you are required to explain why are these five is penetrable or impenetrable.
Types of Alarm How can you say that it is How can you say that it is
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Penetrable? Impenetrable?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
In a Nutshell
Activity 1. The fence is one of perimeter barrier that can prevent intruders, but each type may vary each
other. In this activity, you are going to discuss at least five advantages and disadvantages of full view fence
and solid fence.
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Types of Fence Advantages Disadvantages
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
Full View Fence
4. 4.
5. 5.
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
Solid Fence
4. 4.
5. 5.
Activity 2.The topics you just read under the Essential Knowledge gave you background on how the
physical barriers serves as security in general. In this activity, you will be required to provide at least five
important things you had learned in relation to the topic being presented.
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1.___________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
2.___________________________________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
3.___________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
4.___________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
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5.___________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
or issues may be raised in the LMS or other modes. Let the students write the answers after clarification.
The Q&A portion helps in the review of concepts and essential knowledge.
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Question Answer
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Big Picture in Focus: ULOc. Discuss the important provisions of RA

5487 otherwise known as the Private Security Agency Law.
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Metalanguage
The RA 5487 otherwise known as the Private Security Agency Law or it is an “Act that Regulate the
Organization and Operation of Private Detective, Watchmen or Security Guards Agencies. This law
protects the interests of security personnel and serves as the guidelines of those who are in the security
business. In this chapter, you will learn the important provisions of this law particularly the requirements
and qualifications.
SECURITY GUARD FORCES
These refer to the force of a group of men who are licensed and highly trained for the purpose of
protecting the operational processes of the business.
SECURITY GUARD
This refers to any person who are trained and passed the qualification to become a security guar.
They are also obliged to render personal service to supervise and secure either a residence or business
establishment for compensation.
PRIVATE DETECTIVE
Any person who does detective work for hire, reward or commission, other than members of the
AFP, BJMP, provincial guards, PNP or any other law enforcement agency of the government.
PRIVATE SECURITY AGENCY (PSA)
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This could be any group of persons, association, partnership, and private corporation who recruits,
trains, contracts, and deploy any trained and licensed security guard to perform its function securing the
safety of client’s properties as well as the assets.
COMPANY SECURITY AGENCY (CSF)
A security agency force that maintained and operated by any private company or corporation having
its own security requirements as mandated under RA 5487.
GOVERNMENT SECURITY UNIT (GSU)
A security unit maintained and operated by any government entity other than military and a police,
which is established and maintained for the purpose of securing the office or compound and/or extension
of such government entity.
Essential Knowledge
In the security industry business is security services is very essentials. It is important in order to
secure the clients and its assets. The topics presented from this chapter were taken from the approved
textbook of the course. Please note that you are not limited to exclusively refer to the resources. Thus, you
are expected to utilize other books, research articles and other resources that are available in the
university’s library e.g. ebrary, search.proquest.com etc.
Introduction
The major purpose of physical security is prevention and protection. Physical security is both
passive and active measure that can be learned and acquired. It is design to deter intruders, prevent
unauthorized access, and to safeguard assets against threat such as espionage, sabotage, terrorism,
damage, and other criminal activity.
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WHAT IS PADPAO?
The PADPAO stands for Philippine Association of Detective and Protective Agency Operators. It is
the national association of all licensed security agencies and companies providing security services such
as security force, detective works and investigation. It was established on 1958 for the purpose of
regulating all security agencies.
WHAT IS LTO?
The LTO stands for License To Operate. It is a license given by authorized representative of the
government authorizing a person or a private security agency to run for a security business.
LICENSE TO OPERATE (LTO)
1. APPLICATION OF LICENSE for NEW PRIVATE SECURITY AGENCY (PSA)
The requirements are the following;
a. A capital minimum of one million pesos.
b. The applicant must have a bank deposit of five hundred thousand pesos.
2. Where to file the application?
a. Go to the office of the C/PNP thru the C/PNP-SAGSD.
b. Get and fill up a SAGSD Form 01-94 and SAGSD Form 02-94.
Note: The application form for license to operate shall contain the following;
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a. Full name of the applicant.
b. Age
c. Civil status
d. Address of the applicant’s name (agency’s representative usually the PSA president)
e. Address and location of the business.
3. Other Requirements: FOR NEW PSA
a. In case of corporation, association or partnership copies of the following shall be required;
 Certificate of Registration with the SEC

 Constitution and By-Laws and Articles of Incorporation
4. ENDORSEMENT OF APPLICATION
It shall be endorsed by the CSF District Offices found in their respective Regions for and in the
name of the Regional Director.
5. GRADUATED SCALE OF LTO
Note: It shall be approved by the C/PNP or his duly authorized representative:
a. PSAs with temporary LTO having 200 or more but not exceeding 1000 shall be issued a regular
LTO only good for 2 years.
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b. New PSA shall be issued a temporary LTO only good for one year.
c. PSAs with temporary LTO having 100 guards or more but less than 200 (upon expiration) shall be
issued an extension of 6 months. However, upon expiration of extension, PSA shall submit a
certification for additional 50 guards posted for a 150 total guards.
d. The PSAs with temporary LTOs, upon expiration still fail to comply with the 200 guards
requirement, shall be granted another 6 months period. However, failure to comply shall serve as
basis for the issuance of cease to operate order.
e. LTO of PSAs with less than 100 guards after one year shall not be renewed.
f. PSAs with cancelled/revoked LTOs shall cease to operate and within 7 days after having been
duly notified of such CTO order, shall immediately deposit all its firearm with the FEO (FED) or to
the nearest CSFD Office for eventual turnover to the CSHF HQ Attn: C, FEO (FED), Camp
Crame, Q.C. Thereafter, the CSFC District shall conduct an inventory of surrendered FAs which
shall be receipted, copy furnished, C/PNP SOSIA (SAGSD). Otherwise, the PSA concerned, shall
be liable under PD 1866 (RA 8294).
ORGANIZATION AND MANAGMENT
1. Who may organize and maintain a PSA?
Answer: Any Filipino citizen or corporation, association, partnership, 100% owned and controlled by
Filipino citizens.
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2. What are the Basic Requirement of an Operator or Manager of Agency
Answer:
 A Filipino citizen.
 At least 25 years old.
 A college graduate and/or;
 A commissioned officer in the inactive service or;
 Retired from AFP or PNP or Graduated/taken course in concepts and methods in
industrial Security and Security Management
 Must have and adequate training or experience in security business.

 Good moral character and not having been convicted of any crime involving moral turpitude.
Note: Not suffering any of the following disqualifications:
 Must not be dishonorably discharged from AFP/PNP or separated for cause from any
government entity or government owned or controlled corporation.
 Being mentally incompetent.
 Being physically unfit.
 Addicted to the use of narcotic and/or prohibited drugs and/or substances.
 Habitual drunkard and alcoholic.
 Dummy of any foreigner.
 Elective or appointive government officials and employees who may be called upon on
account of the functions of their respective office in the implementation and enforcement of
the provisions of RA 5487 and any person related to such government employees by affinity
or consanguinity in the third civil degree shall not hold any interest, directly or indirectly in a
security guard or watchman agency on account of the functions of their respective offices in
the implementation and enforcement of RA 5487.
3. THE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF PSAs/CSFs/GSUs
 The PSAs shall conform with the organizational structure, personnel, equipment, training and
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clothing as provided for in RA 5487 as amended and shall comply the following:
a. 100 guards – 1st year operation

b. Minimum of 200 guards – succeeding years
 CSFs shall be organized and conform substantially to the organizational structure prescribed
for PSAs
 GSUs shall be organized to conform with the organizational structure of the said gov’t firm but
not contrary to the organizational firm but not contrary to the organizational structure as
prescribe for GSUs
4. ESTABLISHMENT OF MAIN/BRANCH OFFICES
 All agencies shall maintain a main office in their registered addresses.

 Branch offices-at least initial 10 guards during the 1st year operation.
 Until the 30 minimum guards in the 3rd year of operation.
 That branch offices shall be registered with the CSFC District and Regional PADPAO (if any).
SECURITY SERVICE CONTRACT
Note: In security contract the following terms and condition must be stipulated and approved by the
security agency provider and the clients.
 The money consideration to be paid by the client to the PSA.

 The number of hours of services per guard per day.
 The security guards salary to be received from the Agency.
TENURE OF SECURITY PERSONNEL
The tenure of security personnel shall be co-terminus with the service contract between the PSA
and the client.
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GROUNDS FOR TERMINATION OF THE GUARD’S SERVICES
The following are the grounds for the termination of security services.
 Expiration of contract.
 Revocation of license to exercise profession.
 Conviction of crime involving moral turpitude.
 Loss of trust and confidence.
 Physical and mental disability.
 Any other violation of the pertinent rules and regulation of RA 5487.
QUALIFICATIONS OF SECURITY GUARDS AND SECURITY OFFICERS
 Filipino citizen;
 High school graduate;
 Physically and mentally fit;
 At least 18 years old but not more than 50 years old;
 Has undergone pre-licensing training course.
Note: Must not possess any of the disqualifications.
DESIRABLE QUALITIES OF SGs
Security guards must possess the following traits.
 Alertness
 Judgment
 Confidence
 Physical Fitness
 Tactfulness
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 Self-Control
 Interest
Who are exempted from Pre-Licensing?
Answer:
 Veterans and retired or honorably discharged military/police personnel possessing all the
qualifications mentioned in the preceding section.
 ROTC advance/basic graduates, and/or its equivalent in the AFP, PNP, CAFGU/CHDF.
Who are qualified for a Private Detective?
Answer:
 Holder of baccalaureate degree or Bachelor of Laws.

 B.S. Criminology graduate.
 Graduate of Criminal Investigation Course offered by the then PC/INP or the PNP or the NBI or any
police training school or detective training with authorized/recognized training center for security
guard.
 Advance Reserve Officers Training Course or Citizen Military Training (ROTC/CMT) graduate.
Who are qualified for s Security Officer?
Answer:
 Filipino citizen;
 Holder of Baccalaureate Degree;
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 Physically and mentally fit;

 Has graduated from a Security Officer Training Course;
 Retired personnel of the PNP/AFP; and
 Must not possess any of the disqualification enumerated in Sec. 2, Rule II.
Who are qualified for a Security Consultant?
Answer:
 Holder of a Master’s degree in either Criminology, Public Administration, MNSA, Industrial

Administration or Law
 Must have at least 10 years of experience in the operation and management of security business.
Other Exemptions
 Any officer or enlisted man of the AFP or a uniform member of the PNP honourably
discharged/separated or retired from the service are exempted from the requirements.
 Any officer or enlisted man of the AFP or a uniform member of the PNP honorably
discharged/separated or retired from the service are exempted from the requirements.
How to use the firearms and equipment?
Answer: After complying all the requirements, PSAs are entitled to possess any of the following firearm
provided with license: In every one FA there are two security guards assign in its deploy.
 Shotgun should not higher than 12 gauge;

 Low-powered Rifle or Revolvers, Cal. .22
 Cal. .38 Pistol
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For Private Security Agency with 100 Security Guards
 The PSA must have at least 30 pieces of licensed firearms. However, after operating six months the
PSA can procure firearms in proportion to the number of posted guards.
 For regular License to Operate (LTO) application, the PSA must have at least 70 pieces of firearms.
 The issuance of firearms for Private Detective Agency shall be optional.
RESTRICTIONS
 The total number of the prescribed high-powered firearms shall not exceed ten (10) percent of the
total numbers of guards employed.
 Private Security Agencies are not allowed to possess high caliber guns/firearms such as: carbine;
M16; Cal 45; center fire magnum cal .41 and .44; and high caliber firearms, except: when such
private PSA/CSF is operating in areas where there is an upsurge of lawlessness and criminality.
 Exception is granted by CPNP or Regional Director of Regional Police Office under the following
conditions
LIMITATIONS
 During his tour of duty when in proper uniform within the compound of the establishment, where he
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is assigned.
 Except, when he is escorting big amount of cash or valuables, and upon prior coordination with the
nearest PNP units/stations.
 Duty Detail Order or DDO. The security personnel on duties under the circumstances mentioned in
the preceding section must have DDO (SAGSD Form No. 12-94).
GROUNDS FOR FIREARMS CONFISCATION
 If the firearm is about to be used in the commission of a crime.

 If actually being used in the commission of crime.
 It has been used in the commission of a crime.
 It is being carried by the SG is unlicensed or not authorized by law and regulation for his own use.
 It was being confiscated by order of the court for a justifiable reason.
 It is used or carried outside the area of responsibility (AOR) of the SG without proper authority.
 It was being issued to the unlicensed security guard.
DISPOSITION OF CONFISCATED FIRE ARMS
 The law enforcement officer who confiscated the FA shall inform the CPNP thru CSG within 24
hours after such confiscation.
 The firearm shall be turned over immediately to the nearest PNP Unit/Station who shall immediately
turn over the same to the CSG District Office.
 When the confiscation is by order of the court, the same shall be turned over to the court concerned.
REVOCATION OF LICENSE TO POSSESS FIRE ARMS (FAS)
 Failure to submit any issued FA for verification as required by Sec. 897 of RPC.
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 Carrying of FAs by security personnel w/out appropriate duty detail order (DDO).
 When its serial number is (SN) duplicated or using the SN for more than one firearm (FA).
 Carrying of FAs outside the place stated in the permit as required by E.O. or carrying FA in places
prohibited under the law.
 Conviction of the operator or manager of the agency of any crime involving moral turpitude.
 When the firearm was reported lost.
STOCKING OF AMMUNITIONS
 Limited and reasonable quantity that suits the need of the agency.
 It should not exceed fifty (50) rounds of ammunitions per unit of duly licensed FAs.
 Individual issue to security guard shall be limited to twenty-five (25) rounds per SG.
UNIFORM, EQUIPMENT AND PARAPHERNALIA
a. Male Uniform
 Headgear
 Service Shirt
 Service Trousers
 Service Belt
 Footwear
 Light blue and/or white service shirts for internal guards for PSA.
 Light gray for company security force and white for government security unit.
b. Female Uniform
 Oversea Cap
 Service Bush Jacket
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 Service Shirt
 Service Belt
 Lanyard
 Service Skirt
 Footwear
RANKS AND POSITIONS
Rank Position/Designation
Security Management Staff

Security Director (SD)Agency Manager/Chief Security Officer
Staff Director for Operation and Staff Director
Security Staff Director (SSD)
for Administration
Staff Director for Operation and Staff Director
Security Staff Director (SSD)
for Administration
Line Leadership Staff

Security Supervisor 3 Detachment Commanders
Security Supervisor 2 Chief Inspector
Security Supervisor 1 Inspector
Security Guard
Security Guard 1 Watchman or Guard
Security Guard 2 Shift-in-Charge
Security Guard 3 Post-in-Charge
PERSONNEL IDENTIFICATION AND MOVEMENT CONTROL
In every installation, the use of protective barriers, security lighting, communication and electronic
hardware provides physical safeguards but these are insufficient to maximize the effort of the guard force.
A control point must be established for positive personnel identification and check system. This is to insure
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that only those persons who have the right and authority will be given the necessary access to the area.
TWO (2) TYPES OF PERSONNEL IDENTIFICATION
 Personal Recognition. This refers to the familiarity of the person’s characteristics.

 Artificial Recognition. The identification process is through the cards, passes, passwords, etc.
USE OF PASS SYSTEM
 Single pass system

The badge or pass coded for authorization to enter specific areas is issued to an employee who
keeps it in his possession until his authorization is terminates.
 Pass exchange System

It is an exchange takes place at the entrance of each controlled area. Upon leaving the personnel
surrenders his badge or passes and retrieve back his basic identification.
 Multiple pass system

This provides an extra measure of security by requiring that an exchange take place at the entrance
of each restricted area
PERSONNEL SECURITY
Personnel security is designed to prevent unsuitable individuals from gaining and preventing access to
classified matter.
TWO SCOPE OF PERSONNEL SECURITY
 Personnel Security Investigation (PSI)

 Security Education
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What is personnel security investigation?
Answer:
It is an inquiry into the character, moral, reputation, integrity, discretion and loyalty of individual in
order to determine a person’s suitability to be given security clearance.
TYPES OF PERSONNEL SECURITY Investigation (PSI)
 National Agency Check (NAC)
It is made upon the basis of written information supplied by him in response to official inquiry, and by
reference to appropriate national agencies. Ex. NICA, NBI, ISAFP or CIDG etc.
 Local Agency Check (LAC)
It is a written inquiries sent to appropriate local government agencies, former employees, references
and schools listed by the person under investigation. The local agencies normally check besides the
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past employment, schools and references.
GENERAL TECHNIQUES OF PRIVATE SECURITY INVESTIGATION
1. Background Investigation (BI)
This technique is very expensive but necessary in personnel security. It serves to verify information
on the application form and to obtain other information pertinent to the decision to employ.
2. Positive Vetting
It is the process of inspecting or examining with careful thoroughness. The essence of vetting that it
is a personal interview conducted under stress. It is based on information previously given by the applicant.
PROFILING
Profiling is the process whereby a person reaction in a future critical situation is predicted by
observing his behavior, or by interviewing him, or analyzing his responses to a questionnaire, such as an
honesty test to determine his sincerity to the agency.
DECEPTION DETECTION TECHNIQUES
It is a process of using any instrument capable in detecting deception during the examination or
interview stage. This includes the application of polygraph test; psychological stress evaluator and voice
analyzer are some methods of detecting deception.
FINANCIAL AND LIFESTYLE INQUIRY
This type of investigation seeks to gather information with regards on the income and means of
living of any person.
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UNDERCOVER INVESTIGATION
It is a secret means of conducting investigation by placing an agent portraying a role in order to

obtain information for any criminal prosecution or for recovery or limitation of asset losses.
EXIT INTERVIEW
This type of interview is being conducted to an employee before his exit for the purpose of surveying
his relationship and experienced in the company while still working.
SECURITY EDUCATION
It is design to improve the skills and awareness on security matters to all the employees in a
security industry business.
PHASES OF SECURITY EDUCATION PROGRAM
 Initial interview
It is the first contact wherein the interviewer determines if the applicant’s standing suited for the
standard qualification by the agency.
 Orientation and Training
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It is the presentation and awareness of the detailed policy of the security agency.
 Refresher Conference
In this conference, the security guard are being reminded by their officers with their responsibilities,
guidelines and policies, and introduction of new policies if there is any.
 Security Reminders
This is an indirect approach of educating the employees.
 Security Promotion
It emphasizes the importance and role of security guards.
DOCUMENT/ INFORMATION CYCLE
 Creation. It is the act of making or gathering the information.

 Classification. It is a process of identifying labelling the information according to its level.
 Storage. The keeping of valuable information to maintain its credibility and confidentiality.
 Retrieval. It is the process of recovering the processed information in which it is considered as
useful.
 Retention/Purging. It is the process of keeping and removing of undesirable information.
 Transfer. It is the process of carrying out the information into the authorized and signified person.
 Disposition. It is the process of distribution the information into different units.
IMPORTANT DEFINITON OF TERMS
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 Classified Information
This includes all kinds of valuable information concerning document, cryptographic messages and
any confidential materials categorize as top secret, confidential or restricted.
 Classified Matter
It refers to any information or material restricting any one to access for the purpose of safeguarding.
TERMS TO PONDER
CLASSIFY. This refers to the categorizing the information or material that needs security protection.
DECLASSIFY. It is the act of discarding the security classification of the information from classified
information or matter.
RECLASSIFYING OR REGARDING. It refers to the act of modifying the assigned classified information
from classified information or matter.
UPGRADING. This refers to the act of selecting the information to the higher classification than the
previous assigned to it.
COMPARTMENTATION. This refers to the grant of access to the classified matter only to properly cleared
person when such classified information is required in the performance of their official
duties.
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NEED TO KNOW. It is the process of information dissemination limited to those person who are duly
authorize for any access.
UNAUTHORIZED. This refers to a person who is not authorized to gain access on any classified matters.
COMPROMISE. This refers to the act of losing the protection of information or material in which the result
is the discovery of unauthorized person to obtain the classified information.
DAMAGE TO NATIONAL SECURITY. It refers to the injustice, discrimination, embarrassment, damage or

injury to the country resulting from an act or omission.
PURPOSE OF PROTECTING CLASSIFIED MATERIALS
 Discourage and disrupt potential spy.

 Give specific information in the fulfilment of security investigation.
 Implement the use of “Need to Know” principle.
THREE CONCEPTS OF SECURITY
 Personnel are considered as the weakest link in the security industry.

 Training is important to the security personnel to be aware the significance of document.
 Training is necessary for the practice of “Need to Know” principle.
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FOUR (4) TYPES OF CLASSIFIED MATTERS
TOP SECRET
The color code is green. This information and materials, that the unauthorized disclosure of it would
cause exceptionally grave damage to the nation, politically, economically and military operation.
SECRET
The color code is red. This information and material, the unauthorized disclosure of it would
endanger national security, causes serious injury to the interest and prestige of the nation of any
government activity, or of great advantage to a foreign country.
CONFIDENTIAL
The color code is blue. It is any information or material, the unauthorized disclosure of it would be
prejudicial to the interest and prestige of the national or governmental activity or would cause
administrative embarrassment or unwanted injury to and be of advantage to a foreign country.
RESTRICTED
The color code is white or no color. This information and material which requires special protection
other than those determines confidential, secret and top secret.
TYPES OF BUSINESS RECORDS
Class I (Vital Records)
These are records in which the reproduction is not the same as the original records in which it is
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needed to in able to get back the cash to replace buildings, equipment, raw materials, finished products
and records needed to avoid delay in recovery of production, sales and services.
Class II (Useful Records)
The loss of the records might be the cause of difficulty but it could be replaced and which would not
be impossible barrier to the prompt restoration of the business.
Class III (Important Records)
It is the reproduction of which will involve considerable expense and labor, or considerable delay.
Class IV (Non-Essential Records)
These are the day-to-day records, routine in nature so that even if lost or destroyed, will not affect
operation or administration.
WHAT IS SECURITY CLEARANCE?
It is a certification by authorized individual stating that a person mentioned in the clearance is

cleared and eligible to access any classified mattes.
NEED-TO-KNOW
It is a principle that gives access to any individuals who are qualified to access any classified
matters in order for the success of their works.
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PROTECTION OF SENSITIVE INFORMATION
Proprietary information is information that in some special way relates to the status or activities of
the possessor and over which the possessor asserts ownership. In the business community, proprietary
information relates to the structure, products or business methods of the organization. It is usually
protected in some way against causal or general disclosure.
TYPES OF PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
1. Trade Secrets
It is a process of any establishment to protect the nature of their business. It consists of a formula,
pattern, device or any information which can be used as an advantage towards its competitor.
2. Patents
It is a privilege given by the government to any person who invented any valuable things the right to
make, use, or sell his invention for term of years.
RISKS ANALYSIS AND SECURITY HAZARDS
What is Risk Analysis?
Answer:
The analysis of risk refers to the examinations of the possible vulnerability, probability and criticality
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of potential threats either its natural and man-made risk.
 Risk. A potential damage or loss of a man or an asset.

 Vulnerability. It is the weaknesses that may possible use to easy access.
 Probability. A chance or likelihood that a loss will take place.
 Criticality. It is a possible impact as a result of risk.
What is Security Hazard?
Security hazard is a condition which may result in the compromise of information, death, damage to
properties and any destruction that affects the safe of operation that caused by human either accidentally
or intentionally.
What is Risk Management?
Answer:
It is a process of selecting and implementing security countermeasures to achieve an acceptable

level of risk at an acceptable cost.
COUNTERMEASURES
An action taken or a physical security applied to reduce or eliminate one or more vulnerabilities.
RISK MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES AND STRATEGIES
Risk Avoidance
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Removing the risk totally from the business.
Ex. Proper disposal of inflammable substances.
Risk Reduction
The minimizing the probability of the potential loss.
Ex. Construction of fences and similar physical barriers.
Risk Spreading
The spreading the risk through decentralization to limit the impact of the potential loss.
Ex. The use of vaults or safes.
Risk Transfer
Moving the financial impact of the potential loss-over to an insurance company. This is done by
availing of property and life insurances. Hiring security agencies is also a good example of this.
Risk Self-assumption
The planned assumption and acceptance of the potential risk by making a deliberate managerial
decision of doing nothing about the threat, or setting aside resources for use in case of loss.
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PILFERAGE AS A BUSINESS HAZARD
Pilferage is one of the biggest problems that can bother in running a business in which security has
to deal with it. If this activity is uncontrolled it can be a reason for financial drain if not a menace to smooth
and orderly operation. Failure to detect shortage and inaccurate inventories will cause inventory losses,
which may be labelled as pilferage.
TYPES OF PILFERERS
 Casual Pilferer
The type of pilferer is the one who steals without any plans or premeditation. He might be engaged
on it due to inability to resist the unexpected circumstances such as poverty, threat, or any reasons
that pushes him to it so.
 Systematic Pilferer
A systematic pilferer is a person who steals with well plans and takes away any types of items for
his survival or for his own benefit.
SECURITY SURVEY AND INSPECTION
SECURITY SYSTEM
This is the set of policies, procedures and rules and regulations designed to prevent, mitigate, to any
possibility that can cause harm, danger, or even crime against national security such as; espionage,
sabotage and compromise the classified information in a workplace.
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SECURITY SURVEY
Hazard is always present anytime and anywhere. Security survey is a means of checking and fact
finding in connection with identifying the deficiency of the establishment and recommends what security
measure and equipment to be installed in order to prevent any untoward incident that can harm anybody.
SECURITY INSPECTION
The security agency has its own way on how to conduct inspection to their posted security guards.
The purpose of inspection is to check if the standard security measures and regulations are strictly
followed and applied to the establishments. A security check may also applied any allege violations subject
for investigation.
TWO TYPES OF SECURITY INSPECTIONS
 Continuous Inspection
It is an on-going and never ending activity to secure the safety of clients and its assets.
 Formal or Informal
a. Formal Inspection. The security guards are aware that they have an ocular inspection. It is being
announced by their security officer.
b. Informal Inspection.
 Structured or Unstructured Inspection
a. Structured Inspection. It is one that moves systematically from one area to the next and soon.
b. Unstructured inspection. This type of inspection is known as “surprised inspection”. There are
some officers who conduct inspection without informing the security guards for the purpose of
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determining if they are really performing their duties religiously.
Self Help:
List of References:
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Let’s Check
1. An English term used to denote a lock picker.
a. Peter Pan b. Picker c. Peterman d. Peter Paul
2. A specific key, which operates the lock, and has a particular combination of cuts, or battings, which will
match the tumblers in the lock.
a. Change Key b. Sub-Master Key
c. Master Key d. Grand Master Key
3. These are attached to the glass break and sense the breakage of the glass by shock or sound.
a. Door Switches b. Glass Detectors
c. Metallic Foil d. Wooden Screens
4. It is an aural or visual signal given by the enunciator to security guard when intruder actuates device in
a protected area.
a. Protective Alarm b. Enunciator
c. Security Device d. Warning Device
5. It provides indication of forced entry through walls, ceilings, doors, window grills, and other rigid
structures.
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a. Vibration Sensors b. Inertia Switches
c. Geophones d. Personal Attack Alarm
6. A portable and detachable lock having a sliding hasp which passes through a staple ring or the like and
is made fastened or secured.
a. Padlock b. Disc Tumbler Lock
c. Warded Lock d. Lever Lock
7. What is the cubicle in a building constructed a little lighter than a vault but of bigger size to
accommodate limited people to work on the records inside?
a. Vault b. Cabinet c. File Room d. Safe
8. A type of lock that can be opened by pressing a series of numbered buttons in the proper sequence.
a. Combination Lock b. Card-Operated Lock
c. Padlock d. Code-Operated Lock
9. A kind of alarm wherein a visible or an invisible beam is emitted and when this is disturbed or when an
intruder breaks contact with the beam, it will actuate the alarm.
a. Metallic Foil b. Photoelectric or Electric Eye Device
c. Vibration Detection Device d. Laser Beam Alarm
10. Jerry Mond is the owner of Diamond Jewelry shop, his engineer informs him that they should installed a
kind of alarm that detects sound caused by attempted force entry. What type of alarm did Jerry Mond
have?
a. Audio Detection Device b. Laser Beam Alarm
c. Metallic Foil Wire d. Vibration Detection Device
11. A mechanical, electrical, hydraulic or electronic device designed to prevent entry into a building, room,
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container or hiding.
a. Keys b. Locks c. Cabinet d. Alarm
12. A system used in big installation whereby keys can open groups of locks.
a. Key System b. Grand Master Keying System
c. Master Keying System d. Great Grand Master Keying System
13. What should be the standard weight of a safe?
a. 650 lbs. b. 450 lbs. c. 750 lbs. d. 550 lbs.
14. The issuance of a key to open main entrance gate and office is called _________.
a. Solitary Lock System b. Mason Keying
c. Master Keying d. Grand Mason Keying
15. What is the alarm transmission system where a pre-recorded verbal message is sent to a central
station, answering service, or police department when an alarm is detected?
a. Central Station System b. Radio Signal Transmission
c. Local Alarm System d. Digital Communicator
16. These are installed on the surfaces of the door panels and safes are protected against entry by
installing a close lacelike pattern of metallic foil or a fine brittle wire on the surface.
a. Lace and Paneling b. Metallic Foil
c. Wooden Screens d. Door Switches
17. A type of cabinet wherein its walls, ceiling, floor reinforce concrete at least 12 inches in thickness.
a. Safe b. File Room c. Vault d. Security Cabinet
18. It must have a watertight door and be least fire proof for one hour.
a. Safe b. File Room c. Vault d. Security Cabinet
19. This is synonymous to warning of imminent danger.
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a. Security Device b. Alarm
c. Warning Device d. Enunciator
20. Which of these types of lock can be opened and closed remotely by electronic means?
a. Electrical Lock b. Magnetic Lock
c. Combination Lock d. Coded Lock
Let’s Analyze
Activity 1. In this activity, you are required to answer the questions base on the topics you had read in the
essential knowledge. You need to explain your answer for you to be able express your
ideas. Utilize all the lines provided below for your answer
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1. Is there any need to amend the educational standard qualification for security guard? Why?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
1. 2. Despite of the trainings and education for basic marksmanship for a security guard, why there are still
incident or accidental firing?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
3. If you are the security manager, how you are going to protect your business from pilferage?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
4. What is the significance of undercover investigation?

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
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5. In connection with question no. 4, list down at least five advantages and disadvantages of undercover
investigation?
a. Advantages
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________
b. Disadvantages
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________
In a Nutshell
Activity 1. The conduct of security survey in an area is very important for the reason that in these manner
possible hazards may be identified and to avoid any risk it should be treated. In this activity, you are
required to conduct security survey in your house. You need to identify and take pictures at least five
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possible hazards. In every hazard you are required to give three recommendations on how to treat or
prevent for its possible risk.
1. __________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
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5. __________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Activity 2.The topics you just read under the Essential Knowledge gave you background on how the
physical barriers serves as security in general. In this activity, you will be required to provide at least five
important things you had learned in relation to the topic being presented.
1.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
2.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
3.
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_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
4.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
5.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
or issues may be raised in the LMS or other modes. Let the students write the answers after
clarification. The Q&A portion helps in the review of concepts and essential knowledge.
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Question Answer
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
PART 3: COURSE SCHEDULE
This section calendars all the activities and exercises, including readings and lectures, as well as
time for making assignments and doing other requirements, in a programmed schedule by days and
weeks, to help the students in SDL pacing, regardless of mode of delivery (OBD or DED).
Activities Date Where to submit?

Big Picture A: Let’s Check Activities June 04, 2020 CF’s email
Big Picture A: Let’s Analyze Activities June 04, 2020 CF’s email
Big Picture A: In a Nutshell Activity June 06, 2020 CF’s email
Big Picture A: Q & A List June 06, 2020 LMS/Schoology
First Exam June 11, 2020 LMS/Schoology
Big Picture B/C: Let’s Check Activity June 13, 2020 CF’s email
Big Picture B/C: Let’s Analyze Activities June 18, 2020 CF’s email
Big Picture B/C: In a Nutshell Activity June 20, 2020 CF’s email
Big Picture B/C: Q & A List June 20, 2020 LMS/Schoology
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Midterm Exam June 25, 2020 LMS/Schoology

Big Picture D/E: Let’s Check Activities July 02, 2020 CF’s email
Big Picture D/E: Let’s Analyze Activities July 02, 2020 CF’s email
Big Picture D/E: In a Nutshell Activity July 04, 2020 CF’s email
Big Picture D/E: Q & A List July 04, 2020 LMS/Schoology
Final Examination July 9, 2020 on-campus/onsite
Note:
Since this is a board examination course, you are required to take the Multiple-Choice Final
Examination in the school campus. You will be informed ahead for the schedule. And lastly, for any
concerns or issues arising from this module, feel free to contact the course administrator, program head or
dean using the contact details provided in this material.
Course prepared by: Course reviewed by:
Jacklyn Van Marie H. Ronulo, RCrim. Lalaine D. Madanlo
DefTac 111 Faculty Program Head, DCJE
Recommending Approval: Approved by:
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__________________________ ___________________________
Name of Dean VP, APS
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Cri 215 Introduction To Industrial Concepts

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UM Bansalan College

Department of Criminal Justice Education

Physically Distanced but Academically Engaged

Self-Instructional Manual (SIM) for Self-Directed Learning (SDL)

Course/Subject: CRI 215 – Introduction to Industrial Concepts

Name of Teacher: Ms. Jacklyn Van Marie H. Ronulo

THIS SIM/ SDL MANUAL IS A DRAFT VERSION ONLY; NOT

PART 1: QUALITY ASSURANCE POLICIES

Course Outline: CRI 215 – Introduction to Industrial Security Management

Course Facilitator: Ms. Jacklyn Van Marie H. Ronulo, RCrim

Course Outline Policies

Areas of Concern Details

Since this course is included in the licensure examination

Please note that academic dishonesty such as cheating

warning, and expulsion).

However, if the late submission of assessment paper has a

For group assessment tasks, the course facilitator will

Assignment Resubmission You should request in writing addressed to the course

If disapproved by the Course Facilitator, you can elevate

Grading System All culled from BlackBoard sessions and traditional

Course discussions/exercises – 30%

1st formative assessment – 10%

2nd formative assessment – 10%

3rd formative assessment – 10%

All culled from on-campus/onsite sessions (TBA):

Depends on the discipline; if uncertain or inadequate, use

Student Communication Students are required to create a LMS/Schoology account

You can also contact your teacher/course facilitator via

traditional contact (calls, texts, emails) or social media for

For students who have not created their LMS/Schoology

Contact Details of the Dean JENNY T. HERNAN, MAEd

Contact Details of the Program Ms. Lalaine D. Madanlo

Online Tutorial Registration (if

Library Contact Details RONILO GENON

PART 2: INSTRUCTION PAPER

Module 2: Security Management

Module 3: Types of Industrial Security

Module 5: Barriers and Types of Barriers

Module 6: Protective Lightings

Module 7: Protective Alarms

Module 8: Protective Locks and Key Control

Module 9: Protective Cabinet

Module 11: Uniform, Equipment and Paraphernalia

Module 12: Document and Information Security

Module 13: Risk Analysis and Security Hazard

Course Information – see/download course syllabus in the Black Board

Hello prospective criminologists! Welcome to this course CRI 215Introduction to Industrial

a. Explain the concepts of industrial security.

b. Discuss the importance of technology as physical barrier.

Big Picture in Focus: ULOa. Explain the concepts of industrial security.

 Industry: It is a group of businesses that provide a particular product or service.

 Management: It is the skilful means in order to attain a purpose.

 Industrial Security: A type of security measures applied into business industries.

 Risk: This refers to a potential loss or damage.

 Vulnerability: A weakness that can be used to gain access to an asset.

 PADPAO: Philippine Association of Detective & Protective Agency Operators. It is an association of

2. The Historical Background of Policing System

 The establishment of Philippine Association of Detective and Protective Agency Operators

 FRANK-PLEDGE. A group of ten householders were considered a security unit called

3. Laws and Significant Dates Related to Industrial Security in the Philippines

4. Four (4) Factors That Bring About to Unsecured Conditions

5. Two (2) Major Problems of Security

 Human or Man Made Hazards