Physics 224

Waves & Acoustic Part 2

Prepared by: AQUINTO C, DAMPIL B, MAMANGUN KJ, QUINTELA JM

Objectives

1. Describe the characteristics of sound waves

2. Discuss how sound is produced, propagated and
perceived
3. Calculate the speed of sound waves

Prepared by: AQUINTO C, DAMPIL B, MAMANGUN KJ, QUINTELA JM

Introduction: Mechanical Wave

Sound wave is
created by
vibrating objects
and propagated
through a medium
from one location
to another.

Prepared by: AQUINTO C, DAMPIL B, MAMANGUN KJ, QUINTELA JM

Sound as Longitudinal Wave

The motion of sound

waves that travel through
air is parallel to the
direction of energy
transport

Prepared by: AQUINTO C, DAMPIL B, MAMANGUN KJ, QUINTELA JM

 Sound as Longitudinal Wave

As the tines of the fork

vibrate back and forth, they
push on neighboring air
particles

How is wavelength
measured in sound waves?
Prepared by: AQUINTO C, DAMPIL B, MAMANGUN KJ, QUINTELA JM
Intensity of Sound

Sound waves are

introduced into a
medium by the
vibration of an
objects

Prepared by: AQUINTO C, DAMPIL B, MAMANGUN KJ, QUINTELA JM

 Sound wave is a longitudinal type of wave, in which it
does not have crest and trough, rather it has
compression and rarefaction.

The Intensity of the sound wave is proportional to

the amplitude of the wave, that is directly

Remember proportional to the vibration of the particles in the

medium

Wavelength is the distance of one compression to

the succeeding compression , or rarefaction to the
next rarefaction.

Prepared by: AQUINTO C, DAMPIL B, MAMANGUN KJ, QUINTELA JM

Pitch and Frequency

The frequency of
sound wave refers
to how often the
particles of the
medium vibrate
when the wave
passes through the
medium

Prepared by: AQUINTO C, DAMPIL B, MAMANGUN KJ, QUINTELA JM

Pitch and Frequency

Example: A particle on air undergoes 1000

longitudinal vibration in 2 seconds. What would be
the frequency of the wave per second?

There is 500 vibrations per second.

Prepared by: AQUINTO C, DAMPIL B, MAMANGUN KJ, QUINTELA JM

Pitch and Frequency

Units for frequency:

Hertz

1 Hertz = 1 vibration/second

Prepared by: AQUINTO C, DAMPIL B, MAMANGUN KJ, QUINTELA JM

 Pitch and Frequency

Sound waves consists of

repeating pattern of
high-pressure and low-
pressure regions, hence
it is sometimes referred
to as pressure waves

Prepared by: AQUINTO C, DAMPIL B, MAMANGUN KJ, QUINTELA JM

Pitch and Frequency

Prepared by: AQUINTO C, DAMPIL B, MAMANGUN KJ, QUINTELA JM

 Practice Your Understanding

Determine the vibration of the following wave:

a. 990 vibrations in 3 sec, how many vibration per seconds?
b. 2200 vibrations in 15 secs, how many vibration every 4
seconds?
c. 10, 435 in 4 minutes, how many vibrations will there be in
every 5 seconds?

Prepared by: AQUINTO C, DAMPIL B, MAMANGUN KJ, QUINTELA JM

 Practice Your Understanding

Determine the vibration of the following wave:

a. 330 vibrations per sec
b. 586.7 vibrations every 4 secs
c. 217.4 vibrations every 5 secs

Prepared by: AQUINTO C, DAMPIL B, MAMANGUN KJ, QUINTELA JM

Sound Intensity and Distance

Intensity is the amount of energy that is

transported past a given area of the medium per
unit of time

Units for intensity:

Watts/meter2.

Prepared by: AQUINTO C, DAMPIL B, MAMANGUN KJ, QUINTELA JM

 Sound Intensity and Distance

As a sound wave carries

its energy through a
two-dimensional or
three-dimensional
medium, the intensity of
the sound wave
decreases with
increasing distance from
the source.
Prepared by: AQUINTO C, DAMPIL B, MAMANGUN KJ, QUINTELA JM
 Practice Your Understanding

Solve for the following problems:

1. What would be the intensity of a microphone having
a 110 watts traveling sound in an area of a
rectangular room with a measurement of 4.5m by
5.3 m?

Prepared by: AQUINTO C, DAMPIL B, MAMANGUN KJ, QUINTELA JM

 Practice Your Understanding

Answer #1: Area= 4.5m (5.3m)

Given: =23.85 m2
p: 110 watts Intensity= Power/ area
Area: 4.5 m x 5.3 m = 110 wats / 23.85 m2
= 4.61 watts/m2
Formula:
Intensity= Power/ Area
Area (rectangle)= bh
Prepared by: AQUINTO C, DAMPIL B, MAMANGUN KJ, QUINTELA JM
 Practice Your Understanding

Solve for the following problems:

2. What can be the possible sound power of a
speaker having an intensity of 55 watts/m2 in an
area of 33 m2?

Prepared by: AQUINTO C, DAMPIL B, MAMANGUN KJ, QUINTELA JM

 Practice Your Understanding

Answer #2: Power= (I) (a)

Given:
I= 55 watts/m2 =(55 watts/m2 ) (33 m2)
Area: 33 m2 = 1,815 watts
Formula:
Intensity= Power/ Area
Power= (I) (a)

Prepared by: AQUINTO C, DAMPIL B, MAMANGUN KJ, QUINTELA JM

 The greater the amplitude of vibrations
produced in a sound wave, the greater
rate at which energy is transported and
the more intense the sound wave is.
Remember
The intensity of sound decreases as
the distance increases. Their
relationship is indirectly proportional.

Prepared by: AQUINTO C, DAMPIL B, MAMANGUN KJ, QUINTELA JM

 Speed of the Sound

The speed of sound

wave refers to how
fast the disturbance
is passed from speed = distance/time
particle to particle. It
is the disturbance
that travels per unit
of time.
Prepared by: AQUINTO C, DAMPIL B, MAMANGUN KJ, QUINTELA JM
 Resonance and Sound

When the object

tends to vibrate it
show disturbance
and produces what
we call natural
frequency
frequency =
speed/wavelength
Prepared by: AQUINTO C, DAMPIL B, MAMANGUN KJ, QUINTELA JM
 Factors Affecting Natural Frequency

Tension & Density

Prepared by: AQUINTO C, DAMPIL B, MAMANGUN KJ, QUINTELA JM

Standing Wave pattern for Vibrating Strings

To summarize from the

previous lesson:
• There is an alternating
pattern of nodes and
antinodes.
• Nodal positions (points of
no displacement) are
established at the ends of
the string where the string
is clamped down in a fixed
position.
• One pattern is related to
the next pattern by the
addition (or subtraction) of
one or more nodes (and
antinodes).

Prepared by: AQUINTO C, DAMPIL B, MAMANGUN KJ, QUINTELA JM

 Interference

Interference is the phenomenon that occurs when two waves meet

while traveling along the same medium

Prepared by: AQUINTO C, DAMPIL B, MAMANGUN KJ, QUINTELA JM

 Interference

Constructive
Interference- the
medium will take on
the shape of an
upward displaced
pulse with twice the
amplitude of the two
interfering pulses

Prepared by: AQUINTO C, DAMPIL B, MAMANGUN KJ, QUINTELA JM

 Interference

Destructive Interference- if
there is an upward and
downward displacement
that meets along the
medium, they will cancel
each other’s effect and will
assume an equilibrium
position

Prepared by: AQUINTO C, DAMPIL B, MAMANGUN KJ, QUINTELA JM

 Doppler Effect and Shock Waves

Doppler effect is a
phenomenon that observed
whenever the source of
waves is moving with
respect to an observer

Prepared by: AQUINTO C, DAMPIL B, MAMANGUN KJ, QUINTELA JM

Doppler Effect and Shock Waves

Prepared by: AQUINTO C, DAMPIL B, MAMANGUN KJ, QUINTELA JM

Shock Waves

Prepared by: AQUINTO C, DAMPIL B, MAMANGUN KJ, QUINTELA JM

Sonic boom

Prepared by: AQUINTO C, DAMPIL B, MAMANGUN KJ, QUINTELA JM

Sonic boom

Prepared by: AQUINTO C, DAMPIL B, MAMANGUN KJ, QUINTELA JM

 References

▪ https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/sound

Prepared by: AQUINTO C, DAMPIL B, MAMANGUN KJ, QUINTELA JM