Course

Packet LM02-ESEN

01 0113

Learning Module

English Skills
Enhancement
Course Module 02

Speaking Skills

Knowledge Area Code : LANG

Course Code : ESEN 0113
Learning Module Code : LM-ESEN 0113-02
Course Packet Code : LM-ESEN 0113-02
About the Faculty

The faculty are advised to introduce themselves to the learners to establish a social presence by providing
a brief background about themselves—their educational background, line of specialization and other
major accomplishments.

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Course Module 02

Speaking Skills
Course Packet 01

Conversation Flow

Knowledge Area Code : LANG

Course Code : ESEN 0113
Learning Module Code : LM-ESEN 0113
Course Packet Code : LM-ESEN 0113-02

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Course Packet 01
Course Packet 01

Conversation Flow
Introduction
The Learning Packets in this module are designed to guide the learners in practicing oral
communication skills in both semi-structured and structured settings. Learning Packet 1 allows
the utilization of various conversation styles.

Objective
After completing this learning packet, the students must be able to utilize appropriate
conversation style.

Learning Management System

The synchronous class sessions shall be conducted via Google Meet or any free online platform
as agreed upon by the professor and the students, while the asynchronous sessions shall be
administered via Google Classroom or any free learning management system (LMS)
collaboratively identified and decided as well by the professor and the students.

Duration
Learning Packet 1 may be completed in seven (7) hours.

Delivery Mode
Three (3) hours is allotted for the synchronous online class and the remaining four (4) hours
will be spent on independent learning tasks.

Assessment with Rubrics

Two types of assessment may be present in a learning packet: an objective test that provides a
limited set of options for the student’s response or a projective test that requires the student to
generate free responses.

For objective tests, one item is equivalent to one point unless indicated in the activity. For
projective tests, the rubrics below will be the basis of the student’s score:

Criteria 10-8 points 7-5 points 4-1 points 0 point

The response
The response
shows veracity The response
shows some
and accuracy of lacks details that
significant details
Content details that demonstrate the No response
that demonstrate
demonstrate the learning
the learning
learning outcome.
outcome.
outcome.
The entire Some parts of the
The response’s
response is response build
Presentation main points are No response
organized to up and highlight
imperceptible.
build up and its main points.

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highlight its
3
main points.
The response
Course Packet 01

The response
demonstrates The response
demonstrates
the conventions demonstrates the
some
Language in the use of features of No response
conventions in
syntactic informal
formal
structure and writing/speaking.
writing/speaking.
vocabulary.

Requirement with Rubrics

A learning packet may contain additional requirements that usually require the student to
generate free responses. The rubrics above shall be used in grading the student’s output unless
a different set is provided.

Readings

How to Improve Your Communication Skills by Understanding the Flow in Conversations

https://www.universalclass.com/articles/business/understanding-flow-in-
conversation.htm#:~:text=While%20flow%20is%20defined%20as,was%20accomplished%20through%2
0your%20conversation.

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Introduction
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Conversation is a significant part of our everyday lives. We always feel the need to
converse to express our thoughts. In fact, there are times when we like to keep the conversation
Course Packet 01

going with someone who gives us the feeling of great happiness but, without the ability to
maintain interaction and the lack of topics to talk about, that person bids goodbye sooner than
we want.

Maintaining the conversation flow going and substantive is an essential skill that can
be learned through practice. Conversation flow is the smooth exchange of ideas moving from
one topic to the next continuously as the speakers take turns.

Turn-taking occurs in a conversation when one person listens while the other person
speaks. As the conversation progresses, the listener and speaker roles are exchanged back and
forth in the cyclical process of communication.

The ability to use turn-taking techniques is an essential tool in maintaining social

relationships between parties in a conversation. Using turn-taking techniques will not only
make the conversation smoothly flowing but will also minimize overlapping talk and dead
silence in between. These techniques are especially helpful when the topics are getting out of
hand as they will tell you how to raise a question, how to request clarification, how to
accept/decline, how to agree/disagree, how to give an opinion and how to correct
oneself/others. Finally, carrying a conversation is as important as the ability to terminate a
conversation from where everyone leaves happily and contented.

Get ready to plunge into this packet and learn how to engage in a conversation
effectively. Impress as you express!

Pre-Assessment. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answers on the activity sheet.

1. What characterizes a good conversation flow?

a. effortless speaking c. effortless speaking and listening
b. complete silence d. loud conversation
2. What will someone likely feel in good communication flow?
a. anxious c. respond with ease
b. with full effort d. alert
3. There are people who need a little push to speak.
a. yes c. maybe
b. none d. no
4. In order to keep the conversation going, when you answer a question make sure to
give a/an:
a. gift c. answer
b. communication d. question
5. What does requesting clarification mean?
a. asking to repeat c. asking to explain a different way
b. asking to speak d. answering well
6. What should you do when you decline a suggestion or statement?
a. leave the conversation c. suggest something else politely
b. accept suggestion d. Nothing. It’s normal.

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7. It is a turn-taking technique where you also consider other’s thought.

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a. declining c. requesting clarification
b. asking opinion d. terminating a conversation
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8. When you hear an error, what should you do?

a. Correct it immediately while it is fresh.
b. Forget it, it doesn’t matter.
c. Use conjunctions and connectors.
d. Offer suggestions when done speaking.
9. It refers to speaking at the appropriate time.
a. topic control c. turn-taking
b. topic shifting d .terminating a conversation
10. It is done when an action has been established.
a. Topic control c. topic skills
b. Topic shifting d .terminating a conversation

Lesson Proper

Review. You have learned various listening strategies from Module 01. You can certainly
understand and organize information better than you used to. After improving your listening
skills, you are now a step closer to effortlessly carrying a conversation with another English
speaker. But how long can you keep the discussion going? The reason this question is
important is that, ultimately, this is exactly what you hope to accomplish: you want to gain the
level of proficiency that will allow you to engage in a meaningful and productive conversation.
To reach this level of proficiency, the ability to take longer turns and turn-taking skills are
absolutely essential.

Before we move to the turn-taking techniques, here are some reminders about conversation
dos and don’ts:

• Keep your purpose in mind. Your purpose must guide you in asking the right
questions and giving correct responses in a conversation.
• Prepare your questions. Make sure that you have prepared an outline of what
to ask either written down or in your mental notes.
• Be specific. Asking definite questions leads to getting definite answers.
• Use deductive approach. After throwing a general question or giving out a
broad answer, follow it up with specific ones.
• Use open-ended questions. This type of question will likely develop an open
conversation.
• Connect. Use words from other speaker’s statements in the formulation of your
questions or responses.
• Avoid leading statements. Use unbiased statements to keep the conversation
fair for everyone.
• Never open a topic that is too personal. Respect other people’s privacy the
same way you want yours respected.
• Do not cut speakers. Allow the speaker to finish their statements in order to
fully understand what they want to say.
• Drop unfamiliar words. Avoid using technical words that are not in the area of
your listeners. Use layman’s terms.

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• Activity. If you were to ask three (3) questions to the couple who appeared to have a
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misunderstanding, what would those be?
Course Packet 01

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• Processing of the Activity.

Let us find out how powerful your questions are using this self-assessment checklist.

Is the question: Yes, because… No, but here’s how I can make it
better.
• on topic? Will it give me
information I need?

• open ended? Will it give

me more than a one-
word answer?

• engaging? Will it give

me interesting
information?

• respectful? Will it be
appropriate to ask the
question?

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After accomplishing the self-assessment checklist, you may want to revise your questions by
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rewriting them down here:
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__________________________________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________________________________________

The ability to create and process good questions is one of the skills everyone needs in order
to start a good conversation flow. We are going to tackle those skills one-by-one as we go
along.

• Brief Lesson.

Effective speakers always look for ways to continuously develop their skills in starting
and maintaining good conversation flow, which means engaging in oral communication
effortlessly. A good conversation is where one does not feel anxious at any point, but rather
listens and responds with ease.

As every conversation is unique, you need to increase your awareness on the different
techniques that apply to various types of conversation. Have you experienced being in a
group where one has been talking earnestly alone for almost an hour with all the others just
listening because no one could butt in? Surely, it would be improper to say, “Can you
please shut up?” to stop the person from talking?

Given the situation above, learning how and when to raise a question seems to be the
most basic technique in keeping the conversation engaging. From a single question,
everything else may follow. Finally, the conversation can come to an end by politely
closing the discussion. So, let’s begin talking about these strategies:

A. Turn-Taking Techniques

1. Raising a question
When you ask someone a direct question, they receive a signal that they are to take their
turn and start sharing their thoughts.

Let’s take a look at the conversation between Ja and Lei as an example:

Ja: People in this pandemic time develop different hobbies. What hobby have you
chosen to spend your time on?
Lei: I give ample time to my paintings. Doing a bit more color. How about you?
Ja: I enhance my keyboard playing. Do you play any musical instrument?

2. Requesting clarification
An engaging conversation is one where everybody understands one another. So, at some
points when confusion occurs, there is a need to ask for clarifications - an act typically signaled
by an explicit expression of request, a statement with rising intonation or a direct question.

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Apparently, request for clarification is essential during a conversation to ensure that everyone
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is on the same page as the speaker.
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Some examples of expressions of request are:

My apologies, but I have to ask you to explain further the …

Sorry, but I would just like to clarify what you mean by…
Pardon me for asking you to simplify the…

In addition, here are some examples of the use of rising intonation as a form of request
for clarification:

Jun: I need to pick up her apartment key today.

Arwa: You need to pick up her apartment key today?
Jun: I have to pick it up because she’ll be on a week-long vacation in Malaysia.

Finally, questions can be formulated to ask for clarification just like the ones below:

Jun: We have to decide now whether to put “blended” learning or “flexible”

learning to the title of our essay.
Arwa: Would it be alright if you explain to me the difference between “flexible” and
“blended” learning?
Could you explain the difference?
May I ask how to distinguish the two?
I’m sorry, but are they different?

3. Accepting or declining

As a member of the group, you do not always have to agree with everyone. In fact, a
productive conversation is where different ideas are brought together to arrive at a balanced
view about a matter, which is possible when the act of accepting and declining are clearly
expressed by everyone. In addition, it is important to note that when you accept a suggestion
or a statement, there is a need to provide an explanation; when you decline a suggestion or
statement, you must give an alternative.

Note that we refer to the idea and not the person when we accept or decline. Some helpful
phrases for accepting a statement or suggestion are:

The proposal was amazing! It really was on point because…

That was a great idea! What you said was what we needed because…
The suggestion was acceptable for the reason that…

Some phrases for declining a statement or suggestion are:

I appreciate the idea, but as of the moment, what we are looking for is…
I cannot categorically say yes to that… how about…
Let us consider the suggestion later. Right now, we need more suggestions that are
rather…

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4. Agreeing or disagreeing
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Another great way to encourage the people in the group to contribute to the discussion is
Course Packet 01

by expressing that you agree with them. You can also challenge them to give more creative and
innovative ideas by disagreeing with them.

When you agree with others, you are giving support to their statements or suggestions.
When you disagree, you invite them to think further and improve their statements and
suggestions. Agreeing or disagreeing will make the conversation lively and engaging.
However, we must remember to always be polite and sensitive to the feelings of others.

Here are some phrases you can use to agree on a statement or suggestion:

I couldn’t agree more. That is definitely important because…

That makes sense because… so you have my support.
Studies/data prove the same. I believe that…

On the other hand, here are some phrases you can use to disagree on a statement or
suggestion:

I get the point, but the suggestion contradicts with… so I have to disagree.
The idea was well stated, but it seemed unreasonable at this time because…
Probably, the proposal has advantages, but these are the sure disadvantages…

5. Giving and asking for an opinion

Opinions give new insights and different perspectives to the discussion. It is essentially
beneficial to the group if they will hear various relevant opinions when making a decision,
formulating a proposal, planning a project, and the likes.

When you want to ask for other people’s opinion, you can say:

I’d be glad to hear your thoughts…

What does the body think about the matter?
Would you like to share your ideas?

When you have an opinion to share to the group, you can say:

May I say something about what was just said?

I hope you will also consider the fact that…
I would like to add that…

6. Correcting oneself/others

Conversations are typically free flowing, so lapses are always possible. Committing
mistakes while talking is inevitable and does not make one an ineffective speaker. What
matters is what a person does after making mistakes. People often admire speakers who are
honest if they say something wrong or reacted inaccurately about a statement because they

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have the willingness to correct themselves. For others, it takes one person to realize the
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mistakes in their statements or ideas, so it is better if a member of the group will respectfully
correct them.
Course Packet 01

To correct yourself, you can say:

I’m very sorry for saying that…. It was a mistake.

I did not realize that I was wrong until… Sorry about that.
May I take back my statement about…? I’d rather say…

To correct others, you can say:

May I ask you to review the… because there seems to be a discrepancy.

Can you please verify whether…
There appears to be a misunderstanding about… so I suggest a correction.

B. Topic Control

Topic control is a communicative strategy used to control and prevent unnecessary

interruptions and topic shifts in a certain conversation. Topic shifting is a diversionary tactic in
which one person in a discussion manages to subtly change the discussion's topic to another
without explicitly announcing the change of subject or reaching any kind of mutual agreement
that such a change is appropriate. Topic control is considered a necessary procedural formality
to ensure relevant development of certain topics in particular discussion or conversation.

To bring the discussion back to the topic, you may say:

May I once again invite everybody’s attention to our agenda?

May I suggest that the discussion on…. be set as an agendum for another meeting?
I would like to recommend another meeting for the matter brought up by…

C. Terminating a Conversation

Equally important as starting and maintaining the exchange of talk is terminating the
conversation harmoniously. A good conversation flow occurs not only when everybody
smoothly takes their turns and the topic is maintained but also when the conversation ends
with the feeling of satisfaction that something is accomplished and the parties involved feel
good about putting the conversation to a conclusion.

For a casual conversation, using the marker “so” and expressing how you feel about
the conversation is good enough as an ending. You may also add your anticipation of possibly
meeting the person again. For formal meeting, presenting a summary is a perfect way of ending
the discussion. You may say:

Thank you for the very productive discussion. So, it is decided that…
Your contribution to the discussion is definitely helpful. Before we end, please allow
me to reiterate the following…
It is such a breath of fresh air listening to all your ideas. As we end the meeting, let

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me read to you my notes to make sure I don’t miss any important details.
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• Enhancement Activity. Form a group with at least four (4) members and plan a 5-
Course Packet 01

minute discussion about the topics below by writing a script. Highlight the turn-taking
techniques, topic control strategy, and your style of terminating the conversation.

o Proposing online business ideas for students

o Determining dis/advantages of online learning
o Proposing anti-COVID health measures for the barangay
o Planning for an efficient distribution of financial support from the government
o Designing low-cost PPE for students and teachers
o Creating efficient communication protocols for students and teachers in the
new normal
o Setting standards of food preparation, packaging, and delivery in the new
normal
o Proposing travel and tourism guidelines amidst the pandemic
o Designing an improved transportation system and protocols in the new
normal

Practice the script and record yourselves doing the online discussion. Post the video of your
group on your Google Classroom. The rubrics for grading is provided in the preliminary pages
of the ESEN module.

• Generalization.
1. Does everybody in your group/class possess the same style of talking? Why do you
say so?
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2. What is your preferred conversation style?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

3. How can you develop such a conversation style?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

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• Application. With a pair, conduct an audio/video-recorded two-minute casual interview

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with the topic “Coping Mechanism”. The interview may delve on academic life, national
crisis, relationship struggles, and the likes.
Course Packet 01

Course Packet Discussion Forum

Photo credit to https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/335307134729373926/

Relate the quotation above with carrying a conversation. What does it imply about taking your turn in
the discussion?

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References
References

10 Tips for Asking Good Question. (n.d.). Https://Www.Dummies.Com/Careers/Find-a-

Job/Interviews/Ten-Tips-for-Asking-Good-Questions/. Retrieved August 8, 2020,
from https://www.dummies.com/careers/find-a-job/interviews/ten-tips-for-asking-
good-questions/

Asking Powerful Questions. (n.d.).

Http://Www.Learnalberta.ca/Content/Ssmt/Html/Docs/Askingpowerfulquestions.Pdf
. Retrieved August 8, 2020, from
http://www.learnalberta.ca/content/ssmt/html/docs/askingpowerfulquestions.pdf

Asking questions. (n.d.). Https://Www.Dummies.Com/Careers/Find-a-Job/Interviews/Ten-

Tips-for-Asking-Good-Questions/. Retrieved August 8, 2020, from
https://www.dummies.com/careers/find-a-job/interviews/ten-tips-for-asking-good-
questions/

Benefits of Vlogging For Business. (n.d.). Http://Osumare.Com/Blog/Benefits-of-Vlogging-for-

Business/. Retrieved August 8, 2020, from http://osumare.com/blog/benefits-of-
vlogging-for-business/

Couple photo. (n.d.).

Https://Www.Google.Com/Search?Sxsrf=ALeKk01CxekjKSnJSBuwqGORtcjwj_SgIA:
1596702582652&source=univ&tbm=i. Retrieved August 8, 2020, from
https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ALeKk01CxekjKSnJSBuwqGORtcjwj_SgIA:159
6702582652&source=univ&tbm=i

Everyday Grammar. (n.d.). Https://Learningenglish.Voanews.Com/s?K=conversation%20flow-

Topic%20control&tab=all&pi=1&r=any&pp=10. Retrieved August 8, 2020, from
https://learningenglish.voanews.com/s?k=conversation%20flow-
topic%20control&tab=all&pi=1&r=any&pp=10

How to Improve Your Communication Skills by Understanding the Flow in Conversations. (n.d.).
Https://Www.Universalclass.Com/Articles/Business/Understanding-Flow-in-
Conversation.Htm#:~:Text=While%20flow%20is%20defined%20as,Was%20accomplis
hed%20through%20your%20conversation. Retrieved August 8, 2020, from
https://www.universalclass.com/articles/business/understanding-flow-in-
conversation.htm#:~:text=While%20flow%20is%20defined%20as,was%20accomplishe
d%20through%20your%20conversation.

Improve Your Social Skills. (n.d.).

Https://Www.Improveyoursocialskills.Com/Conversation/Invitation. Retrieved
August 8, 2020, from
https://www.improveyoursocialskills.com/conversation/invitation

Rubric for Turn-taking Techniques. (n.d.).

Https://Www.Rcampus.Com/Rubricshowc.Cfm?Code=VX3A3B6&sp=yes&.

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Retrieved August 8, 2020, from

3
https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?code=VX3A3B6&sp=yes&
References

Rubric for Vlogging. (n.d.).

Https://Www.Rcampus.Com/Rubricshowc.Cfm?Code=HXW6823&sp=true. Retrieved
August 8, 2020, from
https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?code=HXW6823&sp=true

Social Skills Worksheets. (n.d.).

File:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/FINAL%20Social%20Skills%20Worksheets.Pdf.
Retrieved August 8, 2020, from
https://www.Users/User/Downloads/FINAL%20Social%20Skills%20Worksheets.pdf

teaching your students conversation. (n.d.). Https://Www.Edutopia.Org/Blog/Teaching-Your-

Students-Conversation-Allen-Mendler. Retrieved August 8, 2020, from
https://www.edutopia.org/blog/teaching-your-students-conversation-allen-mendler

Teaching Your Students how to have a conversation. (n.d.).

Https://Www.Edutopia.Org/Blog/Teaching-Your-Students-Conversation-Allen-
Mendler. Retrieved August 8, 2020, from https://www.edutopia.org/blog/teaching-
your-students-conversation-allen-mendler

Topic Control. (n.d.). Https://Www.Slideshare.Net/SherylLynEsguerrs/Topic-Control.

Retrieved August 8, 2020, from https://www.slideshare.net/SherylLynEsguerrs/topic-
control

turn-taking. (n.d.). Https://En.Wikipedia.Org/Wiki/Turn-Taking}. Retrieved August 8, 2020,

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turn-taking}

Turn-taking in Conversation. (n.d.).

Https://Www.Researchgate.Net/Publication/228042317_Turn-
Taking_in_Conversations. Retrieved August 8, 2020, from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228042317_Turn-taking_in_Conversations

VLOG Ideas to try. (n.d.). Https://Vloggingpro.Com/Vlog-Ideas/. Retrieved August 8, 2020,

from https://vloggingpro.com/vlog-ideas/

Waving Goodbye. (n.d.).

Https://Www.Google.Com/Search?Q=photo+of+a+girl+waving+goodbye+to+a+boy&t
bm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjm94ugiIbrAhWLA6YKHd-0B30Q2-. Retrieved August 8,
2020, from
https://www.google.com/search?q=photo+of+a+girl+waving+goodbye+to+a+boy&tbm
=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjm94ugiIbrAhWLA6Y

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Learner’s Feedback Form
Learner’s Feedback Form

Name of Student: __________________________________________________________

Program : __________________________________________________________
Year Level : ______________ Section : __________________
Faculty : __________________________________________________________
Schedule : __________________________________________________________

Course Packet : Code : _________ Title : __________________________________

How do you feel about the topic or concept presented?

 I completely get it.  I’m struggling.
 I’ve almost got it.  I’m lost.

In what particular portion of this course packet, you feel that you are struggling or lost?
_____________________________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________________________________

Did you raise your concern to you instructor?  Yes  No

If Yes, what did he/she do to help you?

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If No, state your reason?

_____________________________________________________________________________
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To further improve this course packet, what part do you think should be enhanced?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

How do you want it to be enhanced?

_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

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Course Module 02

Speaking Skills
Course Packet 02

Parliamentary Procedures

Knowledge Area Code : LANG

Course Code : ESEN0113
Learning Module Code : LM-ESEN0113
Course Packet Code : LM-ESEN0113-02

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Course Packet 02
Course Packet 02

Parliamentary Procedures
Introduction
Learning Packet 2 actively engages the learners in parliamentary procedures. Aside from the
technical and procedural guidelines in conducting formal and structured business meeting, the
packet also introduces the learners to useful expressions aligned with parliamentary rules.

Objective
After completing this learning packet, the students must be able to exemplify order and
harmony in formal communication.

Learning Management System

The synchronous class sessions shall be conducted via Google Meet or any free online platform
as agreed upon by the professor and the students, while the asynchronous sessions shall be
administered via Google Classroom or any free learning management system (LMS)
collaboratively identified and decided as well by the professor and the students.

Duration
Learning Packet 2 may be completed in eight (8) hours.

Delivery Mode
Four (4) hours is allotted for the synchronous online class and the remaining four (4) hours will
be spent on independent learning tasks.

Assessment with Rubrics

Two types of assessment may be present in a learning packet: an objective test that provides a
limited set of options for the student’s response or a projective test that requires the student to
generate free responses.

For objective tests, one item is equivalent to one point unless indicated in the activity. For
projective tests, the rubrics below will be the basis of the student’s score:

Criteria 10-8 points 7-5 points 4-1 points 0 point

The response
The response
shows veracity The response
shows some
and accuracy of lacks details that
significant details
Content details that demonstrate the No response
that demonstrate
demonstrate the learning
the learning
learning outcome.
outcome.
outcome.
The entire Some parts of the
The response’s
response is response build
Presentation main points are No response
organized to up and highlight
imperceptible.
build up and its main points.

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highlight its
main points.
The response
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The response
demonstrates The response
demonstrates
the conventions demonstrates the
some
Language in the use of features of No response
conventions in
syntactic informal
formal
structure and writing/speaking.
writing/speaking.
vocabulary.

Requirement with Rubrics

A learning packet may contain additional requirements that usually require the student to
generate free responses. The rubrics above shall be used in grading the student’s output unless
a different set is provided.

Readings
While working on a learning packet, additional reading/reference materials may be provided
by the professor when necessary.

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Introduction

Parliamentary procedures is a set of well proven rules designed to move business

along in a meeting while maintaining harmony and order. Its purpose is to help groups
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accomplish their tasks through an orderly, democratic process. Parliamentary procedures is

not intended to inhibit a meeting with unnecessary rules or to prevent people from expressing
their opinions. It is intended to facilitate the smooth functioning of the meeting and promote
cooperation and harmony among members.

Pre-Assessment. Read various references and look for relevant information about the questions below.
Write the answers on the activity sheet attached to this learning packet and turn it in on the Google
Classroom.

1. A main motion __________.

a. brings business before the assembly.
b. cannot be amended.
c. is the highest ranking motion.
2. If a member makes a motion that is not in order, __________.
a. he should be censured.
b. a member may call out the motion.
c. the chair may suggest an alternate motion.
3. The motion to “Lay on the Table” can be used to __________.
a. kill a motion
b. temporarily set aside a motion because something of immediate urgency has
arisen, without a time to set to resume its consideration
c. postpone consideration of a motion until the next meeting, in order to find out
additional information
4. __________ is used to obtain information about meeting procedure.
a. order of the meeting
b. point of information
c. point of order
5. Who prepares the minutes of a meeting?
a. the secretary
b. the president
c. the vice-president
6. Who can second a motion?
a. the mover of the motion
b. any member
c. the president
7. What motion allows discussion in smaller groups?
a. Lay on the Table
b. Parliamentary Inquiry
c. Refer to a committee
8. A main motion requires what vote to pass?
a. majority
b. 2/3
c. general consent
d. both a and c
9. All comments and discussion should be directed through the chair.

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a. True
b. False
10. Name the five (5) ways to vote.
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Lesson Proper

Review. How does parliamentary procedures sound to you? Complicated? Controlling? Boring?
Intimidating? Why do we need to know all the rigid rules for conducting a meeting? Why
can we not just run the meetings however we want to? Who cares if we do not follow
parliamentary procedures?

One of the best ways to help us realize the significance of parliamentary procedures is to
recall how many times we have attended a meeting that ran on and on and did not
accomplish anything. The meeting jumped from one topic to another without arriving at a
specific decision. Group members disrupted the meeting with their own personal agenda
as arguments erupted here and there. A few people make all the decisions and ignore
everyone else’s opinions. Everyone leaves the meeting feeling frustrated. These are the
same scenarios that can happen without parliamentary procedures.

Parliamentary procedures is key to turning your unproductive, frustrating meetings into

a concrete and definite step to achieving your group’s target.

Let’s begin by identifying what you know about this topic and what other things you may
want learn.

Activity. Fill-out the table below. In the first column, write what you already know about parliamentary
procedures. Write what you want to know about it in the second column and explain why you want
to know about it in the third. Use the worksheet attached to this packet.

What I know about What I want to know is… I want to know this
parliamentary procedures because…

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Processing of the Activity. The Parliamentary Procedures is an intricate set of rules that govern
a formal meeting. The previous activity helps you set your purpose for studying these
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procedures and gives direction to the specific details you might be interested in knowing
about the order of a meeting. To appreciate the Parliamentary Procedures better, let us
start with the principles around which the rules are developed.

Brief Lesson

Overview of Parliamentary Procedures1

In general, parliamentary procedures is developed around the principles of fairness and
transparency as everyone in the group is assumed to have the right to participate in the
discussion before anyone may speak the second time around and have the right to know what
is going on at all times. It also ensures that majority will rule and protects the right of the
minority and the absentees. To ensure order in the conduct of the meeting, only urgent matters
may interrupt a speaker and only one thing or motion can be discussed at a time.

Before we continue, it is worth noting that parliamentary procedures require that each decision
to be made by an assembly be presented in the form of a Motion which is expressed by saying:

“I move that…”

o A motion that needs action of the assembly requires a second that is expressed
by saying:

“I second the motion.”

o No second is required for requests by a member.

o Motions from a committee are assumed to be seconded by a committee
member.

Order of the Meeting

1. Call to Order
o It is the term used to formally announce that the meeting shall begin.
o The chair calls the meeting to order by saying:

“Good morning/afternoon/evening! It is (state the time) and I shall call the

(date) meeting of the (name of the organization/group) to order. Roll call,
please.”

2. Roll Call/Determination of a Quorum

o A quorum is the number of members that can be depended on to attend a
meeting as determined by a governing document such as a charter,
constitution and by-laws or standing orders of the organization.
o If the quorum is not reached, the meeting is adjourned.
o The secretary calls each member by name, noting their presence or absence at
the meeting then announces to the chair:

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“Honorable Chair, we have a quorum/we do not have a quorum”

3. Adoption of the Agenda

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o An agenda is essentially a proposed program or listing of the events and items

to discuss in the meeting. Each item in the list can be called an agendum
(singular), hence you can also say that, for example, the list contains three
agenda (plural).
o The agenda has to be decided before the meeting and must be circulated to all
members.
o The agenda may be amended either before or after they are adopted. The
agenda in the list remain to be a proposal until the meeting adopts them.
o Before the adoption, the motion to make changes in the agenda (i.e. add, delete
or rearrange) can be made but it must have the approval of simple majority
(more yes than no) to pass.
o After the adoption, the motion to make changes in the agenda (i.e. add, delete
or rearrange) can be made but it must have the approval of larger majority or
two-thirds of the members to pass.
o Each item on the agenda will come before the meeting unless time runs out. A
motion to discuss the agenda at the next meeting can be made.
o The chairperson shall call for a motion to adopt the agenda.
o To adopt/add/delete/rearrange the items of business on the agenda, say:

“I move that the item/s (specify) on the agenda be adopted.”

“I move that… be added to the agenda.”
“I move that the item/s (specify) on the agenda be deleted/removed.”
“I move that the item/s (specify) be rearranged as follows…”

o A seconder is always needed before the voting for approval is done.

4. Reading and Approving of the Minutes of the Previous Meeting

o The minutes of the previous meeting shall be read by the secretary if copies
are not distributed to the members to check for errors in or omissions from the
minutes.
o If there are no mistakes, a member should make the motion to approve the
minutes by saying:

“I move that the minutes of the (date) meeting of the (name of the
organization/group) be approved as printed/read.”

o Should any member notice mistakes in the minutes, it would be proper to

point them out. The secretary then would make the necessary correction. The
motion will then be:

“I move that the minutes of the (date) meeting of the (name of the
organization/group) be approved as amended.”

5. Reports of Officers
o In some cases, the summary of the minutes of the previous meeting of the
executive committee are read by the secretary to inform the membership on

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the matters it handled. Any member may raise a question that the executives
will deal with in their next meeting or will be set as one of the agenda in the
next general meeting. This is unusual yet a positive indication of the necessary
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subservience of the executive committee to the membership as a whole.

Finally, the minutes of the executive meeting is for information only and not
for adoption during a general meeting.
o The chairperson can call upon the treasurer to present a report on the finances
of the organization. This may include disbursements, bills and the balance of
money held in the account. A more detailed report is required during the
annual meeting where the audited annual report shall be properly adopted.
o The secretary, in consultation with the chairperson, reads the prepared
summary of correspondence sent to the organization. Those that require
action by the meeting may be delayed until “New Business” or may be
discussed after reading as respectively determined by the chairperson. Each
letter that requires action will need a separate motion. Letters that do not
require action is usually summarized and will just need one motion to be
received and be filed.

6. Unfinished Business
o The chairperson shall remind the members of the history of an unfinished (or
old) business before discussion begins. This business is postponed from a
previous meeting or pending when the last meeting adjourned.

7. Reports of Standing or Ad hoc Committee

o All reports must be included in the agenda. The order of reporting is
determined by the chairperson according to importance.
o The committee reports should be read from a written form that can be placed
in the organization’s files.
o The adoption of the agenda guaranteed that the report will be heard, hence
there is no need for motion to receive a committee report.
o However, amendments may be recommended by any member and the
committee chair may move any recommendation on behalf of the committee.

8. New Business
o Only the items on the agenda are discussed after all the unfinished business
has been disposed of.
o Various motions usually occur in this part of the meeting (see list below).

9. Program (if applicable)

o A special speaker is sometimes invited to the meeting of the organization. The
talk, however, may be held before the official business begins to save the
speaker from staying too long at the meeting. In some cases, the chairperson
may assign a program chairperson at this point.

10. Announcements
o Committee chairs and others may be given the opportunity to make special
announcements by the chairperson.

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11. “Good of the Order”

o Any member may state an observation or compliments and criticisms about
the conduct of the meeting by the organization.
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12. Adjournment
o To adjourn is a “privileged” motion that is neither amendable nor debatable
and is expressed by saying:

“I move that the motion be adjourned.”

o The motion has to be seconded before the chairperson formally declares that:

“The meeting is adjourned.”

Motions
Only one motion may be on the floor at a time, but more than one secondary motion
may be on the floor. Pending motions must be disposed of in descending order of precedence.
• Main Motion. It introduces business to the meeting and can only be made when there
is no pending motion. The purpose of the main motion is to propose a new idea or
action to the group. A member should be recognized before saying:

“Honorable chair, I move that (state your idea or proposed action).”

There are also main motions that bring back a matter from the previous or present
session. These are:
o Take from the Table. Its purpose is to resume consideration of a motion laid
on the table in the same meeting or the previous one. After being recognized,
the member can say:

“Honorable chair, I move that the motion made earlier to (state the motion)
be discussed.”

o Reconsider. It is the motion to reopen and debate a matter after it is voted

upon in the same meeting. It can only be done by a member who voted on the
prevailing side. In effect, it can postpone the action on the motion until another
decision is made during the same meeting. The member making the motion
can say”

“Honorable chair, I move that the motion to (state the motion) be

reconsidered (reason may be added).”

o Rescind (Annul or Repeal) or Amend Something Previously Adopted. This

motion requires two-thirds vote to pass the repeal or amendment of an action
taken that is too late for reconsideration. This motion does not work on actions
that cannot be reversed. When deemed proper, a member can say:

“Honorable chair, I move that the motion to (state the motion) be

rescinded/repealed/annulled/amended for the reason that (state the reason).”

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• Subsidiary Motion. It is the motion that changes or affect how the main motion is
handled because the subsidiary motion is voted on before the main motion. It may be
a motion to:
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o Postpone Indefinitely. It is the subsidiary motion to be made when the group

does not want to make a decision hastily about the concern of the main motion
because it is either vague or too serious that it needs further discussion. After
being recognized, the member can say:

“Honorable chair, I move to postpone indefinitely the motion to (state the

motion).”

o Amend. The purpose of this motion is to change the wording of the main
motion for clarity or correctness before it is voted on. Acceptance or rejection
of the amendment leaves the main motion pending. When the amendment
totally changes the main motion, the chairperson must call for Motion to
Substitute instead. When the Motion to Substitute is passed, the substitute is
open to another subsidiary motion or debate and must be the one to be voted
upon. To make the motion, a member can say:

“Honorable chair, I move that the motion be amended by adding the following
words (specify the words and their proposed position in the statement).”
“Honorable chair, I move to amend the motion by striking out the following
words (specify the words and the phrases where they can be found).”
“Honorable chair, I move to amend the motion by replacing the words (specify
the words) with (state the replacement).”

o Secondary Amendment. An amendment can undergo second modification

through this motion. However, a third amendment is not allowed.

o Refer (Commit). It sends a pending motion to a standing or ad hoc committee

and may include specific tasks to be done by the committee members
identified by the same person who made the Motion to Refer. The member can
say:

“Honorable chair, I move that the question/matter be referred to a committee

made up of (enumerate the members)”

o Postpone Definitely. It is the motion to delay action until a specific time but
not beyond the next regular meeting. After being recognized, the member can
say:

“Honorable chair, I move to postpone the question/matter until (state the

specific time)”

o Limit or Extend Debate. When the speeches permitted need to be decreased

or increased in number and time, the motion to Limit or Extend Debate is
made, which requires two-thirds vote to pass. After being recognized, the
member can say:

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“Honorable chair, I move to limit the discussion to two minutes (or any
specific time) per speaker.”
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o Previous Question (Call for the Question). It is the motion that immediately
closes a debate on a pending proposal when two-thirds vote in its favor. It is
done when the discussion goes on for too long and voting is necessary. To
make the motion, a member can say:

“Honorable chair, I move that we now vote for the motion.”

o Lay on the Table/Table the Motion. It is the motion to temporarily set aside
a motion because something more urgent arises. However, it is out of order if
its intention is to avoid relevant scrutiny of the pending motion. A member
can say:

“Honorable chair, I move to table the motion.”

• Privileged Motion. It puts the focus on a new but urgent matter without the need for
debate. It can be:
o Call for the Orders of the Day. Any member can interrupt a speaker to Call
for the Orders of the Day that requires the assembly to conform to the agenda
or discuss a special order. To make the motion, a member can rise and say:

“Call for orders of the day.”

o Raise a Question of Privilege. It is the motion made to ensure that the rights
of the assembly or any of its members are duly exercised. To be recognized,
say:

“Point of personal privilege, Honorable Chair.”

The chair shall respond: “State you point.”

The member shall state the point. For example:

“There is too much noise, Honorable Chair.”

“Honorable Chair, the interruption is eating up my time to speak.”

o Recess. It is used to request a session break. To make the motion, a member

can say:

“Honorable chair, I move to recess for five minutes.”

o Adjourn. It is the non-debatable motion to immediately end the meeting. Say:

“Honorable Chair, I move to adjourn the meeting.”

“Honorable Chair, I move that the meeting be adjourned.”

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o Fix the Time to which to Adjourn. It is the motion to schedule the time and
place of the next regular meeting.
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“Honorable Chair, I move to set the next meeting on (state the details).”

• Incidental Motion. This motions are made when there is a question about the
procedures, hence it must be addressed before other motions.
o Point of Order. Its purpose is to call out a violation of the rules of the
procedures. Say:

“Point of order, Honorable Chair.”

The chair shall respond: “State your point.”

The member can state the matter. For example: “Honorable Chair, the speaker
has been talking for 18 minutes.”

o Appeal. It is used to challenge the decision of the chair when a member

believes that a violation of the procedures occurred with regard to the decision
made. To make the motion, a member can say:

“Honorable Chair, I move to appeal the decision because (state the reason).”

o Suspend the Rules. This motion requires the vote of larger majority and can
only be used when the constitution and bylaws of the organization has
provisions to temporarily make a rule inoperative in a certain situation such
as that of the meeting. A member can say:

“Honorable Chair, I move to suspend the rules.”

o Withdraw. It allows the motion to be withdrawn by the one who makes it. The
member can say:

“Honorable Chair, I ask permission to withdraw my motion.”

o Point of Information. This is a request in the form of a question to the chair

or a member thru the chair to clarify the business at hand. When the question
is about parliamentary procedures or rules about handling the business at
hand, it is called Parliamentary Inquiry. A member can rise and say:

“Point of information, Honorable Chair.”

The chair shall respond: “State your point.”

The member can state the point. For example: “The respectable speaker was
only given two minutes, Honorable Chair. I believe the body agreed to set the
time to three minutes.”

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o Objection to the Consideration of a Question. The purpose of the motion is

to do away with irrelevant and inappropriate discussions. It must be done
immediately and requires two-thirds vote. A member can say:
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“Honorable Chair, I move to drop the discussion and proceed with the next
business.”

o Division of the Assembly. It is the motion to ensure that votes are properly
counted. A member can ask for vote by actual count when voice vote is
inconclusive and say:

“Honorable Chair, I call for a division of the house.”

o Division of a Question. The purpose of this motion is to divide a motion that

has two or more propositions to ensure that each is decided properly. This
motion is made by saying:

“Honorable Chair, I move to divide the resolution so as to consider

separately…”
“Honorable Chair, I move that the resolution be divided into two, such as
(state the two resolutions formed) so that we can separately consider each for
voting.”

Procedures for Handling a Motion

• A member can state a motion when given the floor by the chair.
• The motion must be seconded before it is considered.
• Modification or rejection of the motion can be proposed by another member before the
motion is seconded or restated by the chair. The proposition can be stated without
being recognized or seconded.
• If the motion is already in order, the chair shall restate it and open the debate when
necessary.
• The maker of the motion is given the first turn in the debate.
• When the discussion ends, the chair shall restate the motion and clarifies the
consequences of affirmative and negative votes.
• The chair shall call for a vote and shall announce the result.

General Rules of Debate

• Members are allowed to speak after being recognized by the chair.

• All discussion must be relevant to the immediately pending question.
• A member cannot speak for a second time unless everyone who wishes to speak has
been given the turn.
• A member can only speak up to two times to each motion.
• A member has a maximum of 10 minutes per turn.
• Cross debated is not permitted, hence all remarks must be addressed to the chair.
• A member shall not criticize one’s own motion but can vote negatively against it.
• Personal attacks are not permitted.

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• The chair cannot participate in the debate unless the role is temporarily dropped. The
role cannot be reassumed unless the pending main motion is acted on.
• The chair shall ideally give the floor to the affirmative and negative alternately.
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• A list of speakers prepared by the chair is necessary when the number members who
wish to speak is too large.
• No member shall disrupt the assembly.
• The rules of debate can be changed when approved by a two-thirds vote.

Roles of the Presiding Officer

• Remain impartial
• Participate only in vote by ballot, otherwise vote only to break or create a tie
• Determine that a quorum is present before starting the business
• Ensure proper order of business
• Recognize speakers
• Determine if a motion is in order
• Keep the discussion germane to the pending motion
• Put motions to a vote and announce the results
• Employ unanimous consent
• Maintain order

Voting

• Majority Vote. It refers to the votes of more than half of the members present who are
allowed to vote excluding abstentions
• Two-thirds Vote. It is the two-thirds of the members present and are allowed to vote
excluding abstentions.
• Voting by the Chair. It is the vote coming from the chair that creates or breaks a tie or
that is permitted during voting by ballot.

Methods of Voting

• Voice vote. This method of voting is typically done when a large difference in voting
results is expected. The chair states the motion and asks first those in favor to say
“aye”. Then, the chair asks those who oppose to say “nay”. Finally, the decision will
be done by the chair based on estimate of the count.
• Show of hands or rising vote. This method of voting is done when a motion requires
two-thirds vote or to verify an inconclusive voice vote.
• Ballot. It is usually done for election of officers or when approved by a majority vote.
• Roll call vote. It is done to record how each member votes as approved by a majority
vote or when the bylaws specify.
• Proxy voting. It is a vote cast by a member on behalf of another. It is usually prohibited
unless allowed by the bylaws.

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Enhancement Activity. Fill out the table below with the required details about parliamentary
procedures.
Course Packet 02

To: You say: Interrupt Second Debata Amend Vote

Speaker Needed ble able Needed
Adjourn “I move that we No Yes No NO Majority
adjourn.”
Recess __(1)__ No Yes NO Yes Majority

Complain about “Point of Yes No NO NO Chair

the order of privilege.” decides
speakers
__(2)__ “I move that we No Yes No No __(3)__
table it.”
End debate __(4)__ No Yes No No Two-thirds
vote
__(5)__ “I move that the __(6)__ Yes Yes Yes Majority
motion be
amended by…”
Postpone “I move we No __(7)__ Yes Yes __(8)__
consideration of postpone this
a matter matter until…”
Introduce a “I move that…” __(9)__ Yes Yes __(10__ Majority
primary
business

Generalization. Parliamentary procedures highlight basic social principles such as:

• all members of an organization should have equal rights, privileges and obligations;
• every decision must be well thought-out and has to be decided by the majority;
• stating a sound opinion is a basic right;
• everyone can actively engage in orderly discussion about a relevant matter;
• all members must be given a chance to be heard;
• personal remarks are always out of order;
• the chair should remain impartial at all times; and
• silence gives consent.

Application. The professor shall prepare a list of all the motions used in parliamentary
procedures from which the students will randomly pick eight (8). Prepare a script for 8
people that should demonstrate the eight (8) motions. Act out the meeting either at a
synchronous class or submit a video recording of the (online) meeting to your professor.
The agenda shall be decided by the group.

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Course Packet Discussion Forum

If you were to add a rule to the Parliamentary Procedures, what would it be and why?
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Annexes

References
1. https://www.counseling.org/docs/default-source/Branches/simplified-roberts-rules-
of-order.pdf?sfvrsn=0
2. https://d38trduahtodj3.cloudfront.net/files.ashx?t=fg&rid=FloridaFairs&f=Intro_to_P
arliamentary_Procedures.pdf
3. Simplified parliamentary procedures. (n.d.). https://prepareiowa.training-
source.org/sites/default/files/boh/documents/PM1781.pdf
4. Hardin county 4-H parliamentary procedure educational kit.(n.d.).
https://www.ohio4h.org/sites/ohio4h/files/d6/files/publications/documents/Parliame
ntary%20Activity%20Kit.pdf

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Activity Sheet
Activity Sheet

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Assessment
Assessment

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Assignment
Assignment

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Learner’s Feedback Form

Name of Student: __________________________________________________________
Learner’s Feedback Form

Program : __________________________________________________________
Year Level : ______________ Section : __________________
Faculty : __________________________________________________________
Schedule : __________________________________________________________

Course Packet : Code : _________ Title : __________________________________

How do you feel about the topic or concept presented?

 I completely get it.  I’m struggling.
 I’ve almost got it.  I’m lost.

In what particular portion of this course packet, you feel that you are struggling or lost?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

Did you raise your concern to you instructor?  Yes  No

If Yes, what did he/she do to help you?

_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

If No, state your reason?

_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

To further improve this course packet, what part do you think should be enhanced?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

How do you want it to be enhanced?

_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

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