Relationship of acoustic quantities associated

with a plane progressive acoustic soundwave

Deutsch: Zusammenhang der akustischen Größen http://www.sengpielaudio.com/ZusammenhangDerAkustischenGroessen.pdf

Acoustic quantities  v a p I E Pac

UdK Berlin
Particle v a p 1 I 1 E 1 Pac
Sengpiel –
09.2004 displacement    2
Z  Z    ZA
Schall
a p I E Pac
Particle velocity v   –
 Z Z  ZA
Particle accelera- v  p  I E Pac
tion a   2 –   
Z Z  ZA

   Z vZ aZ Pac  Z

Sound pressure p – I Z c E
 A
Sound intensity I a2  Z p2 Pac
 2  2  Z v2  Z – E c
= Pac / A = p · v 2 Z A
Sound energy
 2  2   v2   a2   p2 I
–
Pac
density E or w  2
Z c c c A
Sound power Pac a2  Z  A p2  A IA E c A –
   Z  A v  Z  A
2 2 2
=I·A  2
Z
White = linear sound field size and gray = squared sound energy size.
p I p2 Ns
Specific acoustic impedance Z =   c = = 2 = in
v v I m3
kg
Density of air  in 3 is 1.204 kg/m³ at 20°C
m
Angular frequency  = 2    f
1 Ns
Frequency f in Hz = in air of 20°C: Z = 413
s m3
Area through a unit area normal to the direction A in m2
Displacement of air particles (excursion amplitude)  in m

m
Particle velocity (velocity amplitude) v = s/t in To the comparison:
s
m
Particle acceleration a = F/m in
s2
F N
Sound pressure (excess pressure) p = in 2 = Pa
A m
P W
Sound intensity I or J = p  v = ac in 2
A m
I W s
Sound energy density E or w = in
c m3
Here is 1 Joule J = W  s = N  m
Sound power Pac = · in W
Speed of sound c in m/s (at 20°C is c = 343 m/s)
Because 1 W × s = 1 N × m, the sound energy density is 1 W × s / m3  1 N·m / m3 = 1 N / m2 and that is the
unit of a sound pressure in pascals! To remember: W × s = N × m = J (joule).