The electric field

Similar
It is how
to
gravitational fields space around ,
a
charge creates
each other.
an electric field
.

charge particles interact and exert forces on

>
-

Fong at (x y z)
To
find the
strength of an electric : Esc y , , 2)
=

G
, ,

field at point
-
a certain probe charge

4) the electric field depends only on the source

charge
Fin g
=
gE
)
↳
the
force on a positive charge is the direction of the field
>
-

E Fonq ↳
go over

s
=
=

unit rect-
a ors

and dipoles
Electric fields
The electric field is a
vector field (similar to
gravity) Eatq = Fong

of E
g
The
magnitude is the electric field strenght
A
F= Eq
- E
M

- +- =
cir Idipole =
-
p E
.

↓
Potential
Electric dipoles : two equal amounts of opposite charges . energy
↳ some (such
molecules as Hzo) have permanent dipoles making it polar
↳some molecules have induced dipoles when in an electric field
↳ to find the dipole moment we need +
g -q , ,
.
s

Edipole =

4-Xer
Eo is the distance
E
dipole
=
-- X-⑮
4HEc v3
>
- the
-
from centre
y

on the axis of negative for

an electric dipole bisecting plane

Dipoles are effected by electric uniform fields causing it to rotate .

↳ total net
force is o
↳
torque / = x F) T [IrFen) sin OX =

as 0 - 0 there is
no tourge ,
when it's aligned
with the field there is no rotation
 Electrostatics point charges we
are based on ,
use
integrals to an extendended
object instead of a point charge.
- linear
charge density
Q J entire object dq ⑮ -... 7
=
se
x =
/L
⑦
Al ↑ ~

↳
if we cut the rod up into
charge spread
IEi) =

is vz+
y;
z

tiny segments of by and uniformly

kxX
= ~

is located at yi ri
It also has AQ
XAy
↳
charge
=

= !"
>
Ex
-

↳ it creates E : at point P rady

1yz + +2132
electric
e flux charge inside

Gauss's Law : Ge =
Kin/so
↳ this works with multiple geometries Ge =
ExA = EAcosO
↓
↳ used to find amount of Q in a closed object
define area as a

vector I An =

&E =

/E : de
T
electric
therefort =
E A
-

flux =
EAcos8

through whole
surface D ↳
o DE
D
If surface is closed
the all it's area vectors point
·

outwards De-field
lines-field
out
lines going
t
comming
lines
field out
↳
going means Ge >o

↳
field lines going in means Be O
↳
dipoles have te = 0

When an electric
field that tangent everywhere to the surface that meansand
is I
·
,

are 900
apart so thier dot product is 0
.
·
When electric field is perpidicular everywher cos10) 1 and same magnitude EXA
,
= =