Topic 3

HOT WATER SYSTEM

THE FACTS!

• Water expands with changes in temperature.

• At 4ºC water is at its most dense.
• At temperatures below 4ºC down to zero or freezing, water expands
about 9% (approximately 1/10) by volume.
• At temperatures between 4ºC and 100ƒC or boiling, water expands by
about 4% (approximately 1/25) by volume
• Hot water systems may use gas, electricity, or the sun as an energy
source, and many different systems are available.

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 HOT WATER SYSTEM IN A BUILDING

LOCALIZED CENTRALIZED
Types of system SYSTEM SYSTEM

INSTANTANEOUS STORAGE TYPE

Method of water WATER HEATER WATER HEATER
heater

GAS HOT WATER ELECTRIC HOT SOLAR HOT

Types of water SYSTEM WATER SYSTEM WATER SYSTEM
heater

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1 TYPES OF SYSTEM

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Localized System

■ It is a single point heater

system, which heats water
locally (i.e one heater will
serve one
appliance/fixture).
■ It is installed at some
height above the fixture,
hence less pipe work is
needed.

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Centralised System

■ It is a multiple point heater

system, which heats water
for all appliances/fixtures.
■ One heater will serve hot
water to all appliances of a
house.
■ It is installed at a place from
where it is convenient to
supply water at all fixtures.

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 HOT WATER SYSTEM IN A BUILDING

LOCALIZED CENTRALIZED
Types of system SYSTEM SYSTEM

INSTANTANEOUS STORAGE TYPE

Method of water WATER HEATER WATER HEATER
heater

GAS HOT WATER ELECTRIC HOT SOLAR HOT

Types of water SYSTEM WATER SYSTEM WATER SYSTEM
heater

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 Method of Water Heater
Instantaneous Type
✓ Also known as tank less water
heater
✓ When hot water tap is turned on,
cold water passes through heat
exchanger via pipes, where it is
heated, and hot water flow comes
out of the tap
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Storage Type
✓ These are designed to store
hot water
✓ Water is heated and stored
in an insulated tank for use
when it is required.
 HOT WATER SYSTEM IN A BUILDING

LOCALIZED CENTRALIZED
Types of system SYSTEM SYSTEM

INSTANTANEOUS STORAGE TYPE

Method of water WATER HEATER WATER HEATER
heater

GAS HOT WATER ELECTRIC HOT SOLAR HOT

Types of water SYSTEM WATER SYSTEM WATER SYSTEM
heater

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 Gas Hot Water System

■ A gas circulator can be used to heat water

in a storage cylinder.
■ This gives optional use of water
circulation through a high or low return
pipe for variable hot water storage volume
■ Domestic installations may be in the
kitchen, with vertical flow and return
pipes to a storage cylinder in the airing
cupboard.
■ They may also be installed in flats up to
three storeys, with cold water supplied
from one cistern

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 Electric Hot Water System

■ An electric immersion heater may be

used within a conventional hot water
storage cylinder.
■ Alternatively, individual or self-contained
open outlet heaters may be located over
basins, baths or sinks.
■ The immersion heater must be
electrically earth bonded and the cable
supplying the heating element must be
adequate for the power load.

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 Solar Hot Water System

■ The solar collector is generally located on

the roof of your home, and the storage
tank can be located on, or inside, the roof,
or at ground level.
■ Tanks are manufactured from stainless
steel, copper, or steel coated with vitreous
enamel.
■ Installation of a solar hot water system is
often more complicated than for a
traditional system or heat pump and may
incur time delays.

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PIPES USED IN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

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 CHLORINATED POLYVINYLE CHLORIDE
GALVANISHED IRON (GI PIPE)
(CPVC)
✓ Long lasting
✓ This type of pipe can stand temperatures up
✓ Common size 13mm, 20mm, 25mm,
to about 180 degrees (this depends on the
32mm, 38mm, 50mm
schedule) or so and can be used for hot and
✓ Standard length (fixed) is 6 meters.
cold water inside of a house or mobile home.

POLYUTHERANE PIPE
✓ Normally black.
✓ Used as service pipes, especially
underground water mains.
✓ Normal size 20mm, 25mm and
35mm.

POLYVINYL PIPE (PVC)

✓ Gray and white, smooth and soft
COPPER PIPE
surface.
✓ Pipe for installation of air
✓ Used as service pipes, distribution
conditioning or hot water
and drainage pipe system.
✓ Size as measured by the diameter of
the pipe.

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TAPS
Pillar Tap Bib Tap

• supply water to bidet, sink and •It supply water directly from
basin piping at wall
•Install at area of 150mm from
sanitary appliances

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Thanks!
Any questions?

Meet back during the tutorial time slot

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