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PRAKTIS KENDIRI

Arahan: Jawab soalan-soalan yang berikut.


Instructions: Answer the following questions.

1 Bandingkan proses pencernaan fizikal dan proses pencernaan kimia.


Compare the physical digestive process and chemical digestive process.
Proses pencernaan fizikal ialah proses pemecahan makanan yang besar kepada cebisan yang lebih kecil di mulut
dengan bantuan gigi, lidah dan air liur. Proses ini melibatkan peristalsis. Proses pencernaan kimia ialah proses
penguraian molekul-molekul kompleks makanan kepada molekul-molekul yang lebih kecil dengan bantuan enzim.
The physical digestive process is the process of breaking down big pieces of food into smaller pieces in mouth with the help
of teeth, tongue and saliva. This process involves peristalsis. The chemical digestive process is the process of breaking down of
complex food molecules into smaller molecules with the help of enzymes.

2 Bolus makanan ditolak melalui esofagus seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah di bawah.
A bolus of food is pushed through the oesophagus as shown in the diagram below.

Makanan
Food

Antara yang berikut, yang manakah menjelaskan pergerakan makanan itu?


Which of the following explains the movement of the food?
A Daya tolakan udara dalam esofagus
The pushing force of air in the oesophagus
B Tekanan udara dalam esofagus menolak makanan
Air pressure in the oesophagus pushes the food
C Dinding esofagus mengecut dan mengembang secara bersilih ganti
The oesophagus wall contracts and relaxes alternately
D Dinding esofagus yang dilincirkan menyebabkan pergerakan makanan
The lubricated oesophagus wall causes the movement of the food

3 Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sistem pencernaan manusia.


The diagram below shows the human digestive system.

Mulut
Mouth

I K

J L
M
N

(a) Sistem pencernaan manusia bermula daripada mulut dan berakhir pada bahagian yang berlabel
O .
The human digestive system starts at the mouth and ends at the part labelled O .

(b) Hempedu dihasilkan dalam bahagian yang berlabel I .


Bile is produced in the part labelled I .

(c) Pencernaan protein berlaku di bahagian yang berlabel K dan N .


The digestion of proteins takes place in the parts labelled K and N .

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4 Berdasarkan faktor penghubung yang diberi, lengkapkan peta titi dengan makanan yang dicernakan di dalam setiap
organ pencernaan.
Based on the given relating factor, complete the bridge map with the food being digested in each digestive organ.

mencerna Perut Mulut Usus kecil


digests Stomach Mouth Small intestine
as as
Faktor penghubung
Relating factor Protein Karbohidrat Protein/Karbohidrat/Lemak
Proteins Carbohydrates Proteins/Carbohydrates/Fats

5 Maklumat yang berikut menunjukkan proses dalam pencernaan makanan.


The following information shows a process in the digestion of food.

Kanji enzim Maltosa


Starch enzyme Maltose

Proses ini berlaku di dalam mulut dan usus kecil .

This process occurs in the mouth and small intestine .

6 Apakah fungsi perut?


What is the function of the stomach?
Untuk mencernakan protein
To digest proteins

7 Antara makanan berikut, yang manakah tidak dicernakan oleh enzim amilase? Terangkan.
Which of the following foods is not digested by the amylase enzyme? Explain.
A Roti
Bread
B Ubi kentang
Potato
C Nasi
Rice
D Putih telur
Egg white

Penerangan/Explanation:
Amilase hanya bertindak ke atas kanji. Putih telur merupakan sejenis protein.
Amylase only acts on starch. Egg white is protein.

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8 Lengkapkan peta dakap di bawah dengan menyatakan jenis-jenis enzim yang dihasilkan oleh organ-organ pencernaan
yang diberi.
Complete the brace map below by stating the types of enzymes produced by the given digestive organs.

Mulut Amilase liur


Mouth Salivary amylase

ORGAN Perut Protease


PENCERNAAN Stomach Protease
DIGESTIVE
ORGANS
Amilase pankreas/Pancreatic amylase
Pankreas Protease/Protease
Pancreas
Lipase/Lipase

9 Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan...


What is meant by…
(a) gumpalan makanan yang ditolak melalui esofagus ke perut?
the lump of food pushed through the oesophagus to the stomach?
Bolus/Bolus

(b) makanan separa cecair di dalam perut?


semi-fluid food in the stomach?
Kim/Chyme

10 Selain membaurkan lemak, nyatakan satu fungsi lain hempedu.


Besides emulsifying the fat, state one other function of bile.
Meneutralkan asid dalam kim/makanan dari perut
Neutralises acid in chyme/food from the stomach

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