INTRODUCTION OF 21ST CENTURY LITERACIES
7. Digital Literacy – The ability to use digital technology,
What is literacy
The word “Literacy” stems from the word “literate”, which first appeared
in the 15th century and is in turn derived from the Latin word Litteratus,
meaning “ (a person) marked with letters” that is distinguished or
identified by letters” and it carried with it the idea that such a person
was cultured and educated.
Miller (1973)
 Basic literacy- correspond visual shape to spoken
sounds in order to decode written materials and translate
them into oral language.
 Comprehensive literacy- to understand the meaning of
what is being read.
 Functional or Practical Literacy- to read (decode and
comprehend) written materials needed to perform
vocational tasks.
Some definition of literarcy
 Literacy, defined most simply, is the ability to read and
write.
 Literacy is a process by which one expands one’s
knowledge of reading and writing in order to develop
one’s thinking and learning for the purpose of
understanding oneself and the world
 Literacy is the capacity to communicate using inscribed,
printed, or electronic signs or symbols for representing
language
 Literacy is the ability to identify, understand, interpret,
create, communicate and compute, using printed and
written materials associated with varying contexts.
 Literacy involves a continuum of learning in enabling
individuals to achieve their goals, to develop their
knowledge and potential, and to participate fully in their
community and wider society.
Literacy is the ability to read, view, write, design, speak and listen in a
way that allows you to communicate effectively. The power of literacy
lies not just in the ability to read and write, but rather in a person’s
capacity to apply these skills to effectively connect, interpret and
discern the intricacies of the world in which they live.
Traditional Literacy Versus New Literacies
 Traditional literacy is defined as "the quality of being literate;
knowledge of letters; condition in respect to education, esp.
ability to read and write" It is the building block for all other
literacies; without it, they would be impossible to master.
 The new literacies encompass much more. Their utility lies in
online reading comprehension and learning skills, or 21st
century skills, required by the internet and other information
and communication technologies (icts), including content
found on wikis, blogs, video sites, audio sites, and in e-mail.
They require the ability not just to "read" but also to navigate
the world wide web, locate information, evaluate it critically,
synthesize it and communicate it-all skills that are becoming
vital to success in this century's economy.
Types of New Literacies
1. Traditional Literacy – Reading, writing, speaking and listening.
2. Information Literacy – The ability to identify what information is
needed and the ability to locate, evaluate, and use information.
3. Visual Literacy – The ability to understand and produce visual
messages.
4. Critical Literacy – The ability to question, challenge and
evaluate the meanings and purposes of texts.
5. Media Literacy – The ability to question, analyze, interpret,
evaluate, and create media messages.
6. Tool Literacy – The ability to use tools to manage, consume
and create information.
communication tools or networks to locate, evaluate, use and
create information.
The university of pittsburgh library system calls the new literacy as
the “21st century literacies,” which covers visual literacy, media literacy,
technology literacy, network literacy, and cultural.
1.Visual literacy- constructing meaning from images and
expressing oneself in terms of visually while recognizing the validity
and accuracy of those images.
 Example of integration into library instruction: use images from
flickr to compare and contrast primary & secondary sources.
2. Media Literacy- Critical understanding of media in a variety of
formats and an understanding of the impact of various media on the
individual and society.
 Example of integration into library instruction: Use a variety of
media (print & online newspapers, Wikipedia, etc.) to find and
evaluate
information on a current news topic.
3. Technology Literacy- Critical thinking and problem solving skills
related to digital technology and communication.
 Example of integration into library instruction: Have students
create a wiki to collaborate on an annotated bibliography.
4. Network Literacy- Understanding of the tools and skills related to
networked communication and the ability to use those skills to make
informed decisions.
 Example of integration into library instruction: Use a shared
catalog such as WorldCat to locate a list of resources
5. Cultural Literacy- Analyzing and understanding culture and society
and showing familiarity and compassion towards other cultures.
 Example of integration into library instruction: Have students
find topics in The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy.
LESSON 2: The 21st century literacies and skills
Globalization
 is the process of interaction and integration between people,
business entities, governments, and cultures from other
nations, driven by international trade and investment and
supported by information technology.
 is the word used to describe the growing interdependence of
the world's economies, cultures, and populations, brought
about by cross-border trade in goods and services, technology,
and flows of investment, people, and information.
Effects of globalization
 Economic, political, and military dependence and
interdependence between nations
 Expanded flow of individual people among societies
 Interdependence of expressive culture among nations
 Expanded flow of instrumental culture around the world.
Cultural literacy
• Cultural literacy is the knowledge and understanding of the life
of a culture to the point where one can fluently participate in
the activities of the said culture. This includes, but is not
limited to, its languages, traditions, values, beliefs, forms of
entertainment, and worldviews.
Cultural literacy in the Philippines
 The National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA)
is the government body tasked with the documentation,
 preservation, and dissemination of Philippine culture, both
locally and abroad.
 Philippine Cultural Education Program (PECP) together
with the Department of Education (DepEd), tasked to
formulate the cultural heritage education programs both
local and overseas Filipinos that are to be an integral part
of the Philippine education in all its aspect.
Challenges for cultural literacy in the philippines
 What kind of knowledge constitute cultural literacy? Is it
knowing facts, names, and dates, or is it something more
experiental like being familiar with a story or a particular song.
 If culture is more “ caught the taught” should cultural literacy
be one of the goals of education? If yes, how does one teach
it?
 Whose cultures must be literate in to be considered “ culturally
literate”? Who decides which cultures are included and which
ones are excluded, and on what bases?
 Is cultural literacy education simply a means for the dominant
culturebto express its dominance over minority cultures.
 How is cultural literacy to be assessed and evaluated? How
can we know someone is “ culturally literate”?
Multicultural literacy
• It is the knowledge and skills necessary to ensure that any
communication with a culture different from our own is clear,
productive, and respectful such that their differences are
celebrated and neither culture is demeaned or treated as
inferior.
Skills and knowledge required to be multi-culturally literate
 Selflessness
 Knowledge that good and useful things can ( and do)
come from those different from us.
 Willingness to compromise
 Acceptance that there are limits
 Idea that we cannot be friends with everyone.
Issues in teaching and learning MULTICULTURAL LITERACY IN THE
PHILIPPINES
 Nationalistic/regionalistic pushback
 The persistence of the problem
 The question of value
Social literacy
Social literacy, from the perspective of the social-cultural theory, is
more than the ability to read and write, and more than mastering
literacy skills. Children can learn literacy through social interaction
between themselves and children and/or adults in or outside school.
Social literacy spans across interacting of peers, family, co workers,
teachers, and even people who have not we met face to face.
Social literacy concern itself with the development of social skills,
knowledge, and positive human values that enable human beings to
act positively and responsibly in range of social setting.
How was social literacy change over time?
In the past, social literacy was understood as students ability
communicate in social settings. This definition broadened and
continuous to broaden into more and more social realms. Over time,
and especially recently, social settings is changing from just face to
face environment. For the students to competently interact socially and
communicate effectively includes a newer and very present realm.
Ways to incorporate social literacy online;
• Blogging
• Class website
• Video conferencing
• Social networking site
Ways to incorporate social literacy in a face to face social environment;
• Group projects
• Peer reviewing
• Fieldtrips
• Group activities
Types of Social skills
• Greetings- It is the first step in social interaction. It is done not
only in words but also in facial expression, tone of voice and
gesture.
• Initiating conversation- Child must be able initiate, maintain,
and close conversation appropriately. This requires good
listening and attention skills, as well as the ability to take turns
and probe for missing information.
• Understanding the listener - Once a conversation is
iniatated, it has to be maintained. In order to do that it is
important to understand the audience one is talking. ( think the
way they think)
• Empathizing - Emphaty is more than perspective taking; it
means that one able to feel what the other persons feels.
Empathy allows one to really connect with other people.
• Reading social cues - Cues are the hint and signals that
guide us to the next thing to say or to do. Social cues can be
verbal or non verbal.
• Previewing or planning- Conversations also require that one
previews or thinks about what effect the words or actions may
have on the listener before he/she says or does them.
• Problem solving - How ones react to a conflict depends on
how good her problem solving skills.
• Apologizing - A person with a good social skills is confident
enough to make a sincere apology for her error. This is
courageous act and a sign of humble and mature character.
Role Of Parents And Teacher In Teaching Social Skills To Children
4-Part Strategy
1. Practicing- A parent can help a child substitute a specific
appropriate response for a specific inappropriate one. This
might mean brainstorming with the child about different
alternative responses and then practicing one or more with
child.
2. Praise- Often children are not eager to work on new skills so
parent must reward their children with praise when the new
skills are practiced a way of helping the skills become habits.
3. Point Out- Parents can use opportunities to point out when
others are using the desired skills. It might be specific
behavior of the parent, other adult, a child, or even a character
in a book or on tv. This idea is to give children examples and
role models of people engaging in the appropriate social skill.
4. Prompt- Without nagging, parents can greatly remind their
child to use a new skill when the opportunity arises .
Children can be fall into 4 basic categories in the school setting;
 Rejected- children who are consistently subjected to ridicule,
bullying and harassment by classmates.
 Isolated- student who, although not openly rejected, are ignored
by classmates and are uninvolved in the social aspects of school.
 Payment methods, cost, and benefits of each
 Budgeting and classification of expenses
 Satisfaction, determinants of demand, cost of information
search, cost of product durability

 Controversial- Students who have established a circle of friends SAVING

based upon common interests or proximity but seldom move
beyond that circle.  Concept of saving and interest
 How people save money, where people can save money
 Popular- Students who have successfully established positive and why people save money
relationships within a variety of groups.  The factors determining the value of a person's savings
over time
Teaching social literacy in school is not as easy as it appears to
be due to;  Saving for retirement

Subjective standards of morality- Subjective morality says morals USING CREDIT

are human-made and can vary from person to person. While there are
strong morals in many humans, such as rules against harming others.
Human Nature- While we would all like to believe that people are
inherently good experience has taught us that the inherent goodness of
humanity is, at best,, unreliable: sometimes it is there, often it is not.
We are not quick to champion the cause of moral uprightness, justice,
and equity, but balk when our words and actions come under their
FINANCIAL INVESTING
scrutiny.
 Concept of credit and the cost of using credit
 Why people use credit and the source of credit
 Why interest rates vary across borrowers
 Basic calculation related to borrowing (principal and
interest)
 Consumer protection laws

Situational awareness in the work place- An ability to read social  Concept of financial investment
situations illustrates strength to employers – quick picking up on client’s  Variety of possible investments
mood or expectations in a various business or cross cultural situations  Calculate rates of return
can be the difference between success and failure.
PROTECTING AND INSURING
Social intelligence in technological communication- Text-speak and
 Concept of financial risk and loss
technology use have affected many young people ‘s ability to
 Insurance
communicate. While email deformalized much of the communication
process, students still need to ensure their writing denotes respect and  Managing risk
provides enough context for professors or future employers to readily  Identity theft
respond.  Life insurance products

Social intelligence in traditional communication- While email has BENEFITS OF FINANCIAL LITERACY
taken over as the primary method of communication traditional modes
WE NEED TO FINANCIALLY LITERATE SO THAT;
of discourse still exist. For example, many employers still expect cover
letters in addition to resumes, and lack of thank you note for a gift is 1. We know how to manage our finances
often perceive as more than a simple social oversight. 2. We can control the use of money
3. We can increase our savings for financial stability
Financial Literacy
4. We will know how and where to invest
 Financial literacy is the ability to understand how money works,
how someone makes, manage and invest it and also expends
it.

Standards and key concept of Financial Literacy

EARNING INCOME

 Income earned or received by people.

 Different types of job as well as different forms of income
earned or received
 Benefits and cost of increasing income through the
acquisition
 Government programs that affect income
 Types of income and taxes
 Labor market

BUYING GOODS AND SERVICES

 Scarcity, choice, and opportunity cost

 Factors that influence spending choices, such as
advertising, peer pressure, spending choices of others
 Comparing the costs and benefits of spending decisions
 Basics of budgeting and planning
 Making a spending decision
Six Major Characteristic types of people view money

FRUGAL

- Frugal people seek financial security by living below their

means and saving money.

PLEASURE

- Pleasure seekers use money to bring pleasure to themselves

and to others.

STATUS

- Some people use money to express their social status. They

like to purchase and show off their branded items.

INDIFFERENCE

- some people place very little importance on having money and would
rather grow their own food and craft their own clothes. It is as if having
too much money makes them nervous.

POWERFUL

-powerful people use money to express power or control over others

SELF-WORTH

-people who spend money for self worth value how much they
accumulate and tend to judge others based on the amount of money
they
have.