ED 110
Basic literacy has been popularly defined as form of
Literacy is critical in helping us make sense of our world.
From the time we wake up to the time we go to sleep,
we are constantly making meaning of the world around
us.
"Literacy is so important to our lives that it's difficult to
fathom being unable to read or write."
Literacy
• stems from the word literate
• appeared in the 15th century
• derived from the Latin word litteratus “( a person)
marked with letters” – that is, “distinguished o
identified by letters”.
• The idea that such a person was cultured and
educated.
Literacy has traditionally been thought of as reading and
writing. Although these are essential components of
literacy, today our understanding of literacy
encompasses much more.
Alberta Education defines literacy as the ability,
confidence and willingness to engage with language to
acquire, construct and communicate meaning in all
aspects of daily living.
Language is explained as a socially and culturally
constructed system of communication.
Literacy is usually defined as the ability to read, write,
and do math.
Miller (1973) divides concept of literacy into three sub-
categories:
1.
abilities to read, write, and do basic arithmetic or
numeracy.
2. Comprehension is the understanding and
interpretation of what is read. To be able to accurately
understand written material, children need to be able
to
(1) decode what they read;
(2) make connections between what they read and
what they already know;
(3) think deeply about what they have read.
3. Functional literacy refers to the practical skill set
needed to read, write, and do math for real-life
purposes, so people can function effectively in their
community.
Expanded Views of Literacy
The Arts and Creativity
This literacy can be manifested in creative ways of
problem-solving and expressed through the production
of various art works.
Ecoliteracy
This entails acquiring knowledge about climate change,
pollution, loss of natural habitats and biodiversity as
well as the impacts of environmental problems on
human lives.
Cyberliteracy/Digital Literacy (Information and ICT
Knowledge)
This competency is based on the reality that societies
and workplaces have now become more information-
driven.
Financial Literacy
Teachers and students are expected to be
knowledgeable about the basics of economics and
financial management.
Media Literacy
Teachers and students must learn how to discern news
and information based on the form and content as to
how this information are transmitted via various forms
of media.
Social/Emotional Literacies
You and your students need to acquire social skills that
are attuned to the norms of your current society.
Emotional intelligence must also be developed to be
able to effectively manage the stresses of a fast-paced
21st century society.
Globalization and Multicultural Literacy
You and your students need to develop a culture of
respect for cultural diversity. You also have to
understand how world events may also affect you and
your community at the local level.
Globalization is the word used to describe the growing
interdependence of the world's economies, cultures,
and populations, brought about by cross-border trade in
goods and services, technology, and flows of
investment, people, and information.
According to WHO, globalization can be defined as “the
increased interconnectedness and interdependence of
peoples and countries. It is generally understood to
include two inter-related elements: the opening of
international borders to increasingly fast flows of goods,
services, finance, people and ideas; and the changes in
institutions and policies at national and international
levels that facilitate or promote such flows.”
What Is Globalization in the Economy?
According to the Committee for Development Policy (a
subsidiary body of the United Nations), from an
economic point of view, globalization can be defined as:
“(...) the increasing interdependence of world
economies as a result of the growing scale of cross-
border trade of commodities and services, the flow of
international capital and the wide and rapid spread of
technologies. It reflects the continuing expansion and
mutual integration of market frontiers (...) and the rapid
growing significance of information in all types of
productive activities and marketization are the two
major driving forces for economic globalization.”
How Do We Make Globalization More Just?
The ability of countries to rise above narrow self-
interest has brought unprecedented economic wealth
and plenty of applicable scientific progress.
According to Christine Lagarde, former President of the
International Monetary Fund, “debates about trade and
access to foreign goods are as old as society itself ” and
history tells us that closing borders or protectionism
policies are not the way to go, as many countries doing
it have failed.
Economic globalization: is the development of trade
systems within transnational actors such as
corporations or NGOs;
Financial globalization: can be linked with the rise of a
global financial system with international financial
exchanges and monetary exchanges.
Cultural globalization: refers to the interpenetration of
cultures which, as a consequence, means nations adopt
principles, beliefs, and costumes of other nations, losing
their unique culture to a unique, globalized supra-
culture;
Political globalization: the development and growing
influence of international organizations such as the UN
or WHO means governmental action takes place at an
international level.
Sociological globalization: information moves almost in
real-time, together with the interconnection and
interdependence of events and their consequences.
Technological globalization: the phenomenon by which
millions of people are interconnected thanks to the
power of the digital world via platforms
Geographic globalization: is the new organization and
hierarchy of different regions of the world that is
constantly changing.
Social skills are important because they are the
foundation for having positive relationships with others
with your partners, friends, and for your career.
Social skills allow you to connect with other people on a
level that is important in life so you can have more in-
depth relationships with others.
Several types of social skills must be mastered for a
child to be socially adept. These range from the ability
to initiate, maintain, and end a conversation to reading
social signals to more complex skills such as solving
problems and resolving conflict (Lawson, 2003).
The following examples represent some of the
fundamental principles of relating well to others.
Children with social skill deficits can be taught these
skills directly by parents, teachers and/or professionals
using the strategies of modeling, role- playing,
rehearsal, and practice.
1. Greetings
Children develop relationships with peers by interacting
with them.
2. Initiating Conversation
In order to carry a conversation, a child must be able to
initiate, maintain and close conversation appropriately.
3. Understanding the Listener
Once a conversation is initiated, it has to be maintained.
4. Empathizing
Empathy is more than perspective taking; it means that
one is able to feel what others are feeling. It allows one
to really connect with other people.
5. Reading Social Cues
Cues are hints and signals that guide us to the next
thing to say or do. Social cues can be verbal or
nonverbal. Tone of voice is an important part of verbal
cues.
6. Previewing or Planning
Conversations also require that one previews or thinks
about what effect the words or actions may have on the
listener before she says or does them.
7. Problem-solving
Problems and conflict are often a part of social
interactions. How you react to these conflicts depends
on how good your problem- solving skills are.
8. Apologizing
Everyone makes social mistakes at one time or another.
This is a courageous act and is the quickest and easiest
way to correct a social blunder.
Over time, and especially recently, social settings are
changing fromjust a face to face environment. For
students to competently interact socially and
communicate effectively includes a newer and very
present realm: the internet.
How can we incorporate Social Literacy into the
Classroom?
Ways to incorporate social literacy online:
1. Blogging: Through blogging, students learn how to
effectively use the internet and share their thoughts
and knowledge appropriately.
2. Class website: A class website is extremely useful in
teaching students how to use and navigate on the
internet.
3. Video conferencing: it opens up a realm of social
interaction that can teach students so much about
people in the world around them.
4. Social Networking Sites: social networking gives
students opportunities to know and learn about people
all over the world in a matter of seconds.
Ways to incorporate social literacy in a face to face
environment:
1. Group projects: group projects give students
opportunities to interact face to face and experience
social interactions.
2. Peer reviewing: Peer reviewing teaches students how
to give constructive advice and communicate their
thoughts well.
3. Field trips: taking students to a museum or to
volunteer in an area in need could help students open
their eyes and learn about different societies.
Parents’ Role in Teaching Social Skills
 Parents typically play the major role in teaching
children social skills.
 Parents can directly teach social skills by
modeling, role-playing, and providing
opportunities for their child to rehearse and
practice new skills.
 They should encourage and praise the child for
successfully using a new skill.
  Parents can act as coaches for their children to individuals to avert the worst consequences of their
develop these social skills. selfish instincts. (Arthur, Davison, & Stow, 2000).
 Children learn a lot from how parents treat
them and when they observe how parents
interact with others. Rules are obeyed because they confer personal
advantage on a child.
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that
parents use a 4-part strategy when helping their
children develop social skills:
1. Subjective Standards of Morality
Practice: A parent can help a child substitute a specific
The natural outcome of postmodern philosophies is that
appropriate response for a specific inappropriate one.
truth and morality are considered subjective and open
Praise: Often children are not eager to work on new to individual interpretation.
skills so parents must reward their children with praise
2. Human Nature
when the new skills are practiced as a way of helping
the skills become habits. While we would all like to believe that people are
inherently good, experience has taught us that the
Point Out: Parents can use opportunities to point out
inherent goodness of humanity is, at best, unreliable:
when others are using the desired skills.
Sometimes it is there, often it is not.
Prompt: Without nagging, parents can gently remind
their child to use a new skill when the opportunity
arises. Blake (2017) offers helpful reminders to young
professionals in terms of social skills in the modern age.
Rejected Students who are consistently subjected to
This situation underscores the importance of educating
ridicule, bullying and harassment by classmates.
students in what could be called social literacy to
Isolated Students who, although not openly rejected, ensure their academic and career success.
are ignored by classmates and are uninvolved in the
social aspects of school.
1. Situational Awareness in the Workplace
Controversial Students who have established a circle of
friends based upon common interests or proximity but While casual office attire has become the norm in many
seldom move beyond that circle. offices, job interviews typically require more formal
dress and behavior to demonstrate a level of respect.
Popular Students who have successfully established
positive relationships within a variety of groups. 2. Social Intelligence in Technological Communication

Text-speak and technology use have affected many

young people's ability to communicate.
School is the place where children spend the majority of
their time with peers. 3. Social Intelligence in Traditional Communication
There are two distinct ways of answering the question While email has taken over as the primary method of
on how children learn to live socially with each other communication, traditional modes of discourse still
and with adults. exist.
1. Normative and Communal – culture/ custom
2. Pragmatic and Individualistic – social order
Students who don't interact are known socially
illiterate.
The social order of children is created by explicit and
implicit agreements entered into by self- seeking
Financial literacy is the ability to understand and
properly apply financial management skills.

Effective financial planning, properly managing debt,

accurately calculating interest, and understanding the
time value of money are characteristics of being
financially literate.

Financial literacy is the ability to understand how

money works.

In-depth knowledge of financial literacy is required to

understand how money works and how it can work for
you – even when you’re sleeping

most individuals (including entrepreneurs) don’t

understand the concept of compound interest and
some consumers don’t actively seek out financial
information before making financial decisions.

Most financial consumers lack the ability to choose and

manage a credit card efficiently, and lack of financial
literacy education is responsible for lack of money Benefits of Financial Literacy
management skills and financial planning for business
and retirement.

Most potential retirees lack information about saving

and investing for retirement.

Financial education can benefit consumers of all ages

and income levels.

For young adults just beginning their working lives, it

can provide basic tools for budgeting and saving

For Families It can help older workers ensure that they

have enough savings for a comfortable retirement by
providing them with the information and skills to make
wise investment choices with their individual pension
and savings plans.
For low-income people It can help low-income people
make the most of what they are able to save and help
them avoid the high cost charged for financial
transactions by non-financial institutions.
Financial Literacy in the Philippines
In the article, “State of Financial Education in the
Philippines,” Go (2017) indicated several findings with
regard to the state of the country’s financial literacy
which include:
• World Bank study in 2014 estimated 20 million
Filipinos saved money but only half had bank accounts.
• Asian Development Bank (ADB) in 2015 revealed that
PH does not have a national strategy for financial
education and literacy.

• In 2015, the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) released

the national strategy for financial inclusion, stating
while institutions strive to broaden financial services,
financial literacy should also complement such
initiatives.
• As per Standards & Poor’s (S&P) Ratings services
survey last year, only 25% of the Filipinos are financially
literate. About 75 million Filipinos have no idea about
inflation, risk diversification, insurance compound
interest and bank savings.
• Ten years after discovery of the stock market, still less
than one percent of PH population invested in it.
• More than 80% of the working middle class have no
formal financial plan.
Developing Personal Financial Literacy
There are six major characteristics on how people view
money (Incharge, 2017).
Frugal. They seek financial security by living below their
means and saving money. They rarely buy luxurious
items; they save money instead.
Pleasure. They use money to bring pleasure to
themselves and others. They are more likely to spend
than to save. They often live beyond their means and
spend more than they earn.
Status. Some people use to express their social status.
They like to purchase and show off their branded items.
Indifference. Some place very little importance on
having money and would rather grow their own food
and craft their own clothes.
Powerful. Use money to express power or control over
others.
Self-worth. People who spend money for self-worth
value how much they accumulate and tend to judge
others based on the amount of money they have.
Setting Financial Goals
Setting short-term, mid-term, and long-term financial
goals is an important step toward becoming financially
secure.
Developing a Spending Plan
Putting your financial goals in writing can make them
more concrete and achievable.
How Can You Start Teaching Your Children Financial
Literacy?
1. Give Monthly Allowance
Calculate and set up a monthly allowance for your
children. Let them juggle with it.
2. Have Review Sessions
Ask your children to write down everything that they
spent, by making a daily diary.
3. Set Goals and Save
Firstly and most importantly discuss wants vs needs
with your children. Tell them that they need to save to
buy that expensive toy.
4. Get Your Kids Involved
Tell them about, how you set your monthly budgets and
keep aside savings to run the household.
5. The Real World
Teach them about living within one’s means and
chewing only as much as one can bite. Remind them
that the budget helps you do that.
6. Grocery Shopping Turns Classroom
Make taking your children grocery shopping a habit.
This healthy habit is not only fun but also very beneficial
in the long run. Before going shopping, make a list.
7. Lessons At The Mall
Do not give in to your kids’ whims and wishes at the
mall. Talk through purchases with your kids and help
them weigh all factors that go into a purchase decision.
8. Get Your Kids To Open A Bank Account
Many a bank have the option of a child-friendly, zero
minimum balance account.
9. Be the Bank for Them
Introduce your child to the concept of money can help
you earn more money.
10. Play Games that Involve Strategy
Try to make learning fun. Introduce concepts and life
lessons, including financial literacy, through and with
the help of board games. Board games like Monopoly,
Game of Life, Business, Payday, and the stock exchange
impart a variety of tips on money management,
financial planning, negotiation, and career planning.