You are on page 1of 28

DX• \mfclZ`ye•

[\• cXj• i\cXZ`fe\j•


gzYc`ZXj

2G8H•B<<G•<HI<•:8FQIJBE!•H89GN%
=ek\e[\i•cX•\mfclZ`ye•[\•cXj•i\cXZ`fe\j• 9gi\Z`Xi•cX•Zfeki`YlZ`ye•[\•m`j`feXi`fj•
gzYc`ZXj•[\j[\•cfj•Xek`^lfj•`d g\i`fj•_XjkX•cXj• Zfd f• Amp•D\\•p •=[nXi[•:\ieXpj%•]le[X[fi\j•
gitZk`ZXj•XZklXc\j' [\•cXj•gitZk`ZXj•XZklXc\j'

Il\•cXj•ktZk`ZXj•[\•cXj•i\cXZ`fe\j•gzYc`ZXj• ;fefZ\i•cX• `e]cl\eZ`X•[ \ •cXj•dla\i\j•\e•\c•


_Xe•Zfeki`Yl`[f%•\eki\•fkiXj•ZfjXj%•X• cX• j\Zkfi'
`e[\g\e[\eZ`X•[\•=jkX[fj•Me`[fj•p •X•]Xmfi\Z\i•
ZXljXj•jfZ`Xc\j•Zfd f•\c•[\i\Z_f•Xc•mfkf•[\• cXj• ;fefZ\i•\c•[\jXiifccf•XZklXc•p•cXj•zck`dXj•
dla\i\j' k\e[\eZ`Xj'

 



H X i k \ • *• Jfc

+• ;db^Zcodh
I^• mo|`qf`^• ab• i^p• obi^`flkbp• mÖ_if`^p• bp• mol_^_ibjbkqb• q^k• ^kqfdr^• `ljl• i^• molmf^•
`ljrkf`^`fÑk• erj^k^+• Bk•jr`e^p• `fsfifw^`flkbp•^kqfdr^p•pb•mbopr^aÅ^• ^• i^•dbkqb•m^o^•
nrb•^`bmq^o^• i^• ^rqlofa^a•abi• Dl_fbokl•v•i^• obifdfÑk•jbaf^kqb•qÄ`kf`^p•`ljrkbp• ab•i^p•
obi^`flkbp• mÖ_if`^p7• `ljrkf`^`fÑk• fkqbomboplk^i)• afp`roplp)•^oqb)•
ifqbo^qro^)• bsbkqlp•mÖ_if`lp)•glYc`Z`kp•v•lqolp•jbaflp+•Kfkdrk^•ab•
bpq^p•qÄ`kf`^p•bo^•`lkl`fa^•_^gl•bi•^mbi^qfsl•ab•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_ifü
`^p)•mlo•prmrbpql)•mbol•pr•l_gbqfsl•v•prp•bcb`qlp•pliÅ^k•pbo•ilp•jfpü
jlp•nrb•ilp•ab•i^•mo|`qf`^•jlabok^+
V^•EboÑalql)•`r^kal•abp`of_Å^•i^p•Drboo^p•JÄaf`^p)•abpq^`Ñ•
nrb•ilp•dofbdlp• bp`rimÅ^k• jbkp^gbp• bk• i^p• mfbao^p)• `bo`^• ab•ilp•
j^k^kqf^ibp)• m^o^•abpjlo^ifw^o•^•ilp•GÑkf`lp+•V•>ibg^kaol•J^dkl•
mr_if`fq^_^•prp•sf`qlof^p•j^ka^kal•fkclojbp•^•i^•@loqb•J^`b•al*•
kf^+• Bk•i^•Fkaf^)•bi• Bjmbo^alo•>pÑh^• %/40*0/3)• ^+•D&•pb•`ljrü
kf`^_^• `lk•prp•pÖ_afqlp• jbaf^kqb•jbkp^gbp• bk•mfi^obp• ab• mfbao^•
bofdfalp•bk•ilp•mofk`fm^ibp•`or`bp•ab•`^jfklp+• I^• mfbao^•ab•Olp*•
pbqq^•%.63•^+•@+&)•nrb•lcob`fÑ•i^•`i^sb•m^o^•i^•jlabok^•`ljmobkpfÑk•
ab•ilp•^kqfdrlp•gboldiÅcf`lp•bdfm`flp)• bo^•q^k•plil•rk•fkpqorjbkql•
ab•glYc`Z`kp•pl_ob•ilp• ildolp• abi• c^o^Ñk+• >k|ild^jbkqb)• ilp•^kqfü
drlp•Grbdlp• LiÅjmf`lp• rqfifw^_^k• qÄ`kf`^p• ab•moljl`fÑk• m^o^•
fjmrip^o•bi•|rob^•ab•ilp•^qibq^p•`ljl•eÄolbp)• ab•cloj^•jrv•m^obü
=beZgVYdg•9hz`V `fa^•^•ilp•Grbdlp•ab•Fksfbokl•ab•S^k`lrsbo•%/-.-&+
Cj• Ckncp_bmp•?qÜi_*•cl• j_•Glbg_*•srgjgx_`_•ngj_pcq• Grifl•@Äp^o•crb•mol_^_ibjbkqb•bi•mofjbo•mliÅqf`l•nrb•mr_if`Ñ•
bc•ngcbp_•w_•f_ag_•cj•_Öm•1..•_,•A *•n_p_•ns`jga_p• rk• if_ol)• ;fd\ekXi`fj)• nrb•rqfifwÑ•m^o^• moljlsbo•prp•^j_f`flkbp•
qsq•jmepmq•w•qs•nmjÉrga_, ab•`lksboqfopb•bk• bi• bjmbo^alo•abi•Fjmbofl• Olj^kl+• Q^j_fÄk•
VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV p lod^kfwÑ•bi^_lo^alp•abpcfibp•pfbjmob•nrb•obdobp^_^•ab•rk^•_^q^ii^•
d^k^a^•m^o^•bkp^iw^o•pr•fj^dbk•`ljl•pl_obp^ifbkqb•`lj^ka^kqb•
v •iÅabo+• @r^kal•@Äp^o•pb•`lksfoqfÑ•bk•`Ñkpri•ab•Olj^•bk•bi•^Él•26•^+•D)•loabkÑ•nrb•pb•
ef`fbo^k•`lmf^p•ab•i^p•^`q^p•abi•pbk^al•v•ab•lqo^p•fkpqfqr`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•m^o^•nrb•pb•`liü
d^o^k•bk•i^p•m^obabp•ab•qla^•i^•`fra^a+•Bpq^p•9ZkXj <`lieX' f •ë^`q^p•af^of^pí)•crbolk•molü
_^_ibjbkqb•rkl•ab•ilp•mofjbolp•mbofÑaf`lp•abi•jrkal+
P^k•M^_il)•bi•^rqlo•j|p•moliÅcf`l•abi•Krbsl•Qbpq^jbkql)•q^j_fÄk•pb•jbob`b•rk•ird^o•
bkqob•ilp•c^jlplp•ab•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p+• PbdÖk•G^jbp•Dorkfd•v•Qlaa•Erkq)•^rqlobp•
ab•<`i\ZZ`ze [\ J\cXZ`fe\j H{Yc`ZXj5
ëBi•^cfoj^o•nrb•bi•Äufql•ab•ilp•^mÑpqlibp•m^o^•afsrid^o•i^•`ofpqf^ka^a•mlo•bi•jrkal•`lklü
`fal•bk•bi•mofjbo•pfdil•abpmrÄp•ab•@ofpql•bp•rkl•ab•ilp•j^vlobp•ildolp•ab•i^p•obi^`flkbp•
mÖ_if`^p•ab•i^•efpqlof^•kl•bp•kfkdrk^•bu^dbo^`fÑk+•Ilp•^mÑpqlibp•M^_il•v•Mbaol•rqfifw^ü
olk•afp`roplp)•`^oq^p)•i^•lod^kfw^`fÑk•ab•bsbkqlp•v•lqo^p•^`qfsfa^abp•ab•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•
m^o^•^qo^bo•i^•^qbk`fÑk)•`lkpbdrfo•pbdrfalobp•v•`ob^o•krbs^p•fdibpf^p+•Abi•jfpjl•jlal)•
ilp•`r^qol•Bs^kdbiflp•abi•Krbsl•Qbpq^jbkql)•nrb•pb•bp`of_fbolk•^i•jbklp•`r^obkq^•^Élp•
abpmrÄp•ab•i^•jrboqb•ab•GbpÖp)•bo^k•al`rjbkqlp•ab•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p)•bp`ofqlp•j|p•m^o^•
molm^d^o•i^•cb•nrb•m^o^•lcob`bo•rk•obi^ql•efpqÑof`l•ab•i^•sfa^•ab•GbpÖpí+

DV•=YVY•EZY^V
I^• Fdibpf^• @^qÑif`^• Olj^k^• mo^`qf`Ñ• buqbkp^jbkqb•i^p• obi^`flkbp• mÖ_if`^p• aro^kqb•i^•
Ba^a•Jbaf^+• Bi• M^m^• Ro_^kl•FF• mbopr^afÑ•^• jfibp• ab•pbdrfalobp• m^o^• nrb•pfosfbo^k•^i•
PbÉlo•v•pb•d^k^o^k•bi• mboaÑk• mlo•prp• mb`^alp• m^oqf`fm^kal•bk•i^p• @orw^a^p•`lkqo^• ilp

 


; X g `kl cX • + • I^•bslir`fÑk•ab•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p

jrprij^kbp+• Pbfp• pfdilp•j|p•q^oab)•i^• Fdibpf^• crb•rk^• ab•i^p• mofjbo^p• fkpqfqr`flkbp• nrb•


rqfifwÑ•bi•qÄojfkl•gifgX^Xe[X)•`lk•i^•`ob^`fÑk)•mlo•m^oqb•abi•M^m^•Dobdlofl•US)•ab•i^•^kü
qfdr^•P^do^a^•@lkdobd^`fÑk•m^o^•i^•Molm^d^`fÑk•ab•i^•Cb•%obklj_o^a^•bk•.65/• mlo•G r^k•
M^_il•FF•`ljl•@lkdobd^`fÑk•m^o^•i^•Bs^kdbifw^`fÑk•ab•ilp•Mrb_ilp&•m^o^•prmbosfp^o•i^p•
jfpflkbp•v •cloj^o•^•ilp•p^`boalqbp•m^o^•molm^d^o•i^•cb+
Bkqobq^kql)•bk•Sbkb`f^)•ilp•_^knrbolp•ab•ilp•pfdilp• V T •w •V T G•mo^`qf`^olk•bi•abif`^al•
^oqb•ab•i^p•obi^`flkbp•`lk•ilp•fksboplobp•v•crbolk•mol_^_ibjbkqb•ilp•mofjbolp)•grkql•`lk•
ilp•l_fpmlp•`^qÑif`lp•il`^ibp)•bk•^almq^o•bi•`lk`bmql•ab•cfi^kqolmÅ^•`lomlo^qfs^•m^qol`fü
k^kal•^•^oqfpq^p•`ljl•Jfdrbi•>kdbi+
Crb• q^j_fÄk• aro^kqb• i^• Ba^a• Jbaf^• `r^kal• Drqbk_bod•abp`r_ofÑ• i^• fjmobkq^•
%.12-&)•nrb•fkcirvÑ•ab•j^kbo^•ab`fpfs^•bk•i^•cloj^•ab•obrkfo•v •afpqof_rfo•i^•fkcloj^`fÑk•
^ f•ilp•pfdrfbkqbp• 2--•^Élp+•I^•fjmobkq^•mbojfqfÑ•^•i^p•mboplk^p•v •lod^kfw^`flkbp•`ljrü
kf`^opb•afob`q^jbkqb•`lk•bi•mÖ_if`l•v •a^o•^•`lkl`bo•prp•bpcrbowlp+

DV•9bwg^XV•Xdadc^Va
Bpq^alp•Rkfalp•bp•rk•m^Åp•cloj^al•mlo•fkjfdo^kqbp)•crka^jbkq^ijbkqb•ab•Fkdi^qboo^)•v•
mlo•afsbop^p•`ljm^ÉÅ^p)•`lk•rk^•if`bk`f^•ab•i^•@lolk^)• nrb•moljlsfbolk•ab•cloj^•^`qfü
s^•i^•`lilkfw^`fÑk•m^o^•ildo^o•fkdobplp•cfp`^ibp•ab•il•nrb•ilp•`lilklp•ildo^_^k•c^_of`^o•l•
`riqfs^o+•Bk•lqo^p•m^i^_o^p)• i^•`lilkfw^`fÑk•bo^)•bk•jr`elp•`^plp)•rk^•jbo^•`rbpqfÑk•`lü
jbo`f^i+•Mlo•bgbjmil)•bk•bi•^Él•.3/-)•i^•Sfodfkf^•@ljm^kv•afpqof_rvÑ•m^kcibqlp•v •cliibqlp•
mlo•qla^•Brolm^•lcob`fbkal•2-•^`obp•ab•qfboo^•do^qfp•^•`r^inrfbo^•nrb•nrfpfbo^•bjfdo^o+
@r^kal•i^p• `lilkf^p•^jbof`^k^p•bpq^_^k•v^•bpq^_ib`fa^p)• i^•glYc`Z`kp•v•i^p• obi^`flkbp•
mÖ_if`^p•pb•rp^olk•m^o^•moljl`flk^o•s^of^p•fkpqfqr`flkbp+• Bk• .31.)• bi• E^os^oa•@liibdb•
mr_if`Ñ•rk•cliibql•v •bksfÑ•bjfp^oflp•^•Obfkl•Rkfal•m^o^•ob`ldbo•clkalp+•Ab•fdr^i•cloj^)•
lqolp•afbw•`libdflp•rkfsbopfq^oflp)•crka^alp•bkqob•.412•v •.442)•ob`ldÅ^k•clkalp•jbaf^kqb•
i^• mr_if`^`fÑk• ab•cliibqlp)• bsbkqlp• bpmb`f^ibp)• ilqboÅ^p•v •`riqfs^kal• i^p• obi^`flkbp•`lk•
alk^kqbp• of`lp+• Bk• .425)• bi• Hfkdóp• @liibdb• %^`qr^ijbkqb•i^• Rkfsbopfa^a•ab•@lirj_f^&•
mr_if`Ñ•pr•mofjbo•cliibql)• nrb•^krk`f^_^•bi•bu^jbk•ab•do^ar^`fÑk+
I^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•q^j_fÄk•abpbjmbÉ^olk•rk•m^mbi•^`qfsl•bk•i^•fkabmbkabk`f^•
kloqb^jbof`^k^+•Rkl•ab•ilp•j^vlobp•moljlqlobp•ab•i^•fkabmbkabk`f^•crb•P^j•>a^jp)•
^i• nrb•rk• efpqlof^alo•ii^jÑ• ëbi•m^aob•ab•i^p• ^dbk`f^p• ab•mobkp^í+• >a^jp• crkaÑ• Plkp•
lc•If_boqv•%ilp•Efglp•ab•i^• If_boq^a&•v •lod^kfwÑ•`lk`bkqo^`flkbp•v •j^kfcbpq^`flkbp• bk•
i^• aÄ`^a^• ab• .43-•m^o^• molqbpq^o•mlo•i^• Ibv•abi•Qfj_ob• %Pq^jm•>`q&+•>i• mofk`fmfl• ab•
.44-)•>a^jp• e^_Å^• jbglo^al•prp•jÄqlalp• lod^kfw^qfslp•v •ab•glYc`Z`kp)•Mlo•bgbjmil)• ^•
Äi•pb•ab_b•i^•lod^kfw^`fÑk•abi•JlqÅk•abi•Q Ä•%bk•fkdiÄp7•?lpqlk•Qb^•M^oqv&)•nrb•HJBN\\b•
e^•abkljfk^al•ëi^•j^vlo•v•jbglo•^`qfsfa^a•ab•glYc`Z`kp•ab•qlalp•ilp•qfbjmlpí)•rk•^`ql•
bk•bi•nrb•`lilklp•sbpqfalp•`ljl•fkaflp•qfo^olk•`^g^p•ab•qÄ•ab•rk•jbo`^kqb•_ofq|kf`l•^i•
mrboql•ab•?lpqlk)•`ljl•molqbpq^•`lkqo^•Do^k•?obq^É^)•`lkpfabo^al•rk•mob`babkqb•ab•
i^•Drboo^•ab•Fkabmbkabk`f^• ab•ilp•Bpq^alp•Rkfalp•mlo•ilp•fjmrbpqlp•_ofq|kf`lp+•Bpq^•
ob_bifÑk•ab•ilp•`lilklp•bk•bi•mrboql•ab•?lpqlk•qrsl•ird^o•bi•j^oqbp• .3•ab•af`fbj_ob•ab•
.440•v •k^`fÑ•`ljl•`lkpb`rbk`f^•ab•i^•^mol_^`fÑk•mlo•Do^k•?obq^É^•bk• .440• abi•>`q^•
abi• QÄ)• nrb•do^s^_^• i^• fjmloq^`fÑk• ^• i^• jbqoÑmlif• ab•afpqfkqlp• molar`qlp)• fk`irfal• bi•
qÄ)• m^o^• _bkbcf`f^o•^• i^• @ljm^ÉÅ^• ?ofq|kf`^•ab•i^p• Fkaf^p•Lofbkq^ibp)•^• nrfbk•ilp•`lilü
klp•_lf`lqb^_^k•`ljmo^kal• bi• qÄ•ab•Eli^ka^+• Bpqb•^`ql• ob`f_fÑ• `l_boqro^• fkcloj^ü
qfs^•mlo•qla^p•i^p•`lilkf^p+•Lqol•ab•ilp•eb`elp•j|p•`lkl`falp•ab•>a^jp•crb•abkljfk^o•
ëJ^p^`ob•ab•?lpqlkí• ^• i^• jrboqb•ab•`fk`l• `lilkf^ifpq^p• ^• j^klp•ab•qolm^p• _ofq|kf`^p•
aro^kqb•rk^•j^kfcbpq^`fÑk8•bpqb•^mbi^qfsl•fkci^jÑ•^•i^•lmfkfÑk•mÖ_if`^•v •i^•mrpl•bk•`lkü
qo^•ab•Do^k•?obq^É^+•>a^jp•qbkÅ^•rk•cfkl•pbkqfal•ab•`Ñjl•bi•pfj_lifpjl•mlaÅ^•j^kfü
mri^o•i^•lmfkfÑk•mÖ_if`^+

 


Ab•fdr^i• cloj^)• bi• m^kcibql• ab•Qlj•M^fkb)• ;fddfe K\ej\•%Pbkqfal• @ljÖk&• ildoÑ•
jlsbo•^• ilp•`fra^a^klp•j|p• qf_flp•e^`f^• i^•fkabmbkabk`f^+• Bk•qobp•jbpbp• pb•sbkafbolk•
j|p• ab• ./-+---•`lmf^p• abi• m^kcibql)• rk• bgbjmil•qbjmo^kl• ab•`ljrkf`^`fÑk•mliÅqf`^• ^•
rk^• ^rafbk`f^•k^`flk^i+• AbpmrÄp• ab•i^• fkabmbkabk`f^)•>ibu^kabo•E^jfiqlk)•Glek•G^v•v•
G^jbp• J^afplk• bp`of_fbolk• ilp•>\[\iXc`jk HXg\ij•%52• bkp^vlp• nrb•moljlsÅ^k•i^• o^qfcf`^ü
`fÑk•ab•i^•@lkpqfqr`fÑk•ab•ilp•Bpq^alp•Rkfalp&)•`lk•ilp•nrb•mobqbkaÅ^k•l_qbkbo•bi•^mlvl•
ab•i^• ml_i^`fÑk• ^•i^• @lkpqfqr`fÑk+• Bi• bpcrbowl•o^af`^_^• bk•i^• obafpqof_r`fÑk• abi•jfpjl•
^oqÅ`ril•ab•lmfkfÑk•^•qo^sÄp•ab•ilp•jbaflp•ab•`ljrkf`^`fÑk)•rk•`lk`bmql•nrb•bpq|•qla^ü
sÅ^•sfdbkqb+

A• +2**4•DV•ZYVY•YZ•dgd•YZa•V\ZciZ•YZ•egZchV
Bi•pfdil•V GV •crb•rk•mboÅlal•ab•`ob`fjfbkql•w •bum^kpfÑk•ab•Bpq^alp•Rkfalp+•Q^j_fÄk•crb•
i^•ba^a•alo^a^• abi•^dbkqb•ab•mobkp^)• nrb•bi• O\Yjk\i#j F\n Ofic[ < `Zk`feXip•abcfkb•`ljl•
ërk^• mboplk^• nrb•qo^_^g^• m^o^• ildo^o•`l_boqro^• jbaf|qf`^• $glYc`Z`kp&•m^o^• rk•fkafsfarl)•
rk^•lod^kfw^`fÑk)•bq`+í+•Q^j_fÄk•crb•i^•bo^•abi•_pg\)•i^•e|_fi•rqfifw^`fÑk•ab•ilp•jbaflp•w •
lqolp•fkpqorjbkqlp• m^o^• moljl`flk^o•^• rk• fkafsfarl)• rk^•`^rp^• l•fk`irpl•rk• molar`ql•
l•pbosf`fl)•`ljl•rk•`fo`l+
Ilp•^dbkqbp•ab•mobkp^•crbolk•`^m^`bp•ab•s^k^dilof^o•^•A^sv•@ol`hbqq•`ljl•rk•eÄolb•
colkqbofwl•`lk•bi•cfk•ab•ildo^o•bi•^mlvl•mliÅqf`l•ab•>kaobt•G^`hplk8•^qo^bo•^•jfibp•ab•mboü
plk^p•^•i^p•dfo^p•ab•?rcc^il•?fii•v •ab•i^•co^k`lqfo^alo^•>kkfb•L^hibv)• e^`bo•rk^• ibvbka^•
ab•A^kfbi•?llkb8•v•moljl`flk^o•^•`fbkqlp•ab•mboplk^ifa^abp+
Bpqlp•^kqfdrlp•^dbkqbp•ab•mobkp^•v•i^p•mboplk^p•abi•bpmb`q|`ril•^•i^p•nrb•pliÅ^k•obmobü
pbkq^o•pb•^molsb`e^_^k•ab•i^•`obarifa^a•abi•mÖ_if`l•v•ab•prp•d^k^p• ab•bkqobqbkfjfbkql+•
Ilp•^krk`flp•v•i^p•klqf`f^p•bk•mobkp^•pb•bu^dbo^_^k•e^pq^•bi•mrkql•ab•pbo•jbkqfo^p•riqo^ü
g^kqbp+•>i•mobm^o^o•i^•iibd^a^•ab•rk^•^qo^``fÑk)• bi•^dbkqb•ab•mobkp^•abg^_^•rk•m^nrbqb•ab•
bkqo^a^p•bk•i^•jbp^•abi•afob`qlo•abi•mbofÑaf`l•il`^i•grkql•`lk•ilp•`ljrkf`^alp+•I^•slirü
jfklp^•glYc`Z`kp•pliÅ^•qbkbo•_rbklp•obpriq^alp)•v•ilp•mboflafpq^p)•afob`qlobp•v•prp•c^jfif^p•
^`raÅ^k• bk• j^p^•v •do^qrfq^jbkqb•^• pr•bpmb`q|`ril•pfk•qbkbo•bk•`rbkq^• `lkpfabo^`flkbp•
Äqf`^p•nrb)•^`qr^ijbkqb)• moleÅ_bk•pbjbg^kqbp•mo|`qf`^p+

=a•aZ\VYd•YZ•H(•L(•:Vgcjb
Bi•fkafsfarl• nrb•jbglo•obmobpbkq^• il•_pg\•v •^i• qÅmf`l•^dbkqb•ab•mobkp^•kloqb^jbof`^kl•
abi•pfdil• V GV • bp•Mefkb^p•Q+• ?^okrj)• bi•do^k•elj_ob•abi•bpmb`q|`ril+• Bo^•bi•j^bpqol•ab•
il•nrb•A^kfbi•?llopqfk•abkljfk^•ilp•j\e[fXZz e k\ud `\e kfj'•bp•ab`fo)•rk•bsbkql•mi^kfcf`^al•
nrb•pb•molar`b•crka^jbkq^ijbkqb•m^o^• ^m^ob`bo•bk•ilp• jbaflp•ab•`ljrkf`^`fÑk+• ?^oü
krj•rqfifw^_^•rk•ibkdr^gb•cilofal•v•i^•bu^dbo^`fÑk•m^o^•moljl`flk^o•prp•^qo^``flkbp•bk•
rk^•Äml`^•bk•nrb•bi•mÖ_if`l•bpq^_^•e^j_ofbkql•ab•`r^inrfbo•qfml•ab•bkqobqbkfjfbkql+
?^okrj•bjmbwÑ•^•e^`bopb•c^jlpl•bk• .502•buef_fbkal•^•Glf`b•Ebqe)•rk^•^col^jbü
of`^k^• ab•i^• nrb•pb•ab`Å^•e^_Å^•pfal•kfÉbo^• ab•Dblodb•T^pefkdqlk)• mlo•il•nrb•ab_boÅ^•
qbkbo•.3.•^Élp•ab•ba^a+•?^okrj•v •pr•^vra^kqb)•Ibsf•Ivj^k)•^ibkq^_^k•bi•ab_^qb•mÖ_if`l•
pl_ob•pr•lofdbk•v •ba^a• mlonrb•kl•plil•dbkbo^_^• `l_boqro^• jbaf|qf`^)• pfkl•i^•sbkq^• ab•
bkqo^a^p)• v^• nrb•i^• dbkqb•nrboÅ^• sboi^• `lk•prp• molmflp•lglp+• Bk• .51-)• lqo^• ab•i^p• buefü
_f`flkbp•ab•?^okrj)•Cbgb•Jboj^fa)•dbkboÑ•rk^•do^k•mliÄjf`^•%v•jr`eÅpfj^•`l_boqro^•
fkcloj^qfs^&+• Cbgb•Jboj^fa•bo^• rk^•`of^qro^• buqo^É^• nrb•^m^obkq^_^•pbo•jfq^a•jlkl•v•
jfq^a•mbw+• ?^okrj•`fq^_^•i^•lmfkfÑk• ab•s^oflp•`iÄofdlp•nrb•ab`Å^k•nrb•i^•rkfÑk•ab•alp•
bpmb`fbp•mlaoÅ^•a^opb)• mbol•^ibkq^_^•^•i^•dbkqb•^•nrb•^`rafbo^•^i•Jrpbl•ab•>jÄof`^)• bk•
Krbs^•Vloh)• m^o^•sboil)•`lp^•nrb•ef`fbolk•jfibp•ab•mboplk^p+

 


; X g `kl cX • + • I^•bslir`fÑk•ab•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p

Do^`f^p•^•?^jrj)•Qlj•Qerj_•pb•`lksfoqfÑ•bk•rk^• ab•i^p•do^kabp•pbkp^`flkbp•abi•
pfdil+•Bo^•rk•bk^kl•nrb•plil•jbaÅ^•4.•`bkqÅjbqolp•ab•^iqro^•v •mbp^_^•4•hfilp)•mbol•bo^•rk•
bu`bm`flk^i•`^kq^kqb)•_^fi^oÅk•v•`ljbaf^kqb•nrb•ob`fq^_^•jlkÑildlp+• ?^okrj•efwl•ab•i^•
_la^•abi•ëDbkbo^ií•Qlj•Qerj_•`lk•lqo^•bk^k^•rk•bsbkql•ab•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p+•@lkü
pfdrfÑ•fk`irpl•fjmloq^kqbp•bsbkqlp•bk•Brolm^•m^o^•Qerj_)•mobpbkq|kalib•mofjbol•^kqb•
ilp•iÅabobp•pl`f^ibp•ab•Ilkaobp)•nrb•nrba^olk•bk`^kq^alp+•Ab•bpqb•bk`rbkqol•l_qrsl•rk^•
fksfq^`fÑk•^•m^i^`fl•v)•abpab•bpb•jljbkql)•iibkÑ•ilp•qb^qolp•qla^p•i^p•kl`ebp+•Fk`irpl•bk•
pr•Äml`^)•?^jrj•`lkl`Å^•bi•s^ilo•abi•obpm^ial•ab•ilp•mboplk^gbp•mÖ_if`lp+
Lqol•Äufql•ab•?^jrj•crb•i^• moljl`fÑk• ab•Gbkkv•Ifka)• bi• ëorfpbÉlo•prb`lí+• Ifka•
bo^•c^jlp^•bk•Brolm^)• mbol•k^afb•`lkl`Å^•pr•mob`flp^•slw•bk•Bpq^alp•Rkfalp•e^pq^•nrb•
?^jrj•lod^kfwÑ•rk^•dfo^•mlo•i^•k^`fÑk•v •i^•`lksfoqfÑ•bk•rk•f`lkl•mlmri^o+•IldoÑ•iibk^o•
ilp•qb^qolp•bk•qlalp•prp•bpqobklp•bk•qla^p•i^p•`ljrkfa^abp)• alk^kal•m^oqb•ab•ilp•fkdobplp•
^•l_o^p• _bkÄcf`^p+• @ljl•^`qfsfa^a•`Åsf`^)• bi•^`lkqb`fjfbkql•^qo^gl•^• jr`elp• iÅabobp• ab•
lmfkfÑk•ab•i^•`fra^a)•mlo•il•nrb•bi•mÖ_if`l•ab•^•mfÄ•pb•^dlim^_^•m^o^•^pfpqfo•^i•bsbkql8•rk^•
qÄ`kf`^•nrb•pfdrbk•rqfifw^kal•ilp•mr_if`fpq^p•ab•^`lkqb`fjfbkqlp•ab•bkqobqbkfjfbkql+

p• Cl• cj•rp_`_hm
U 7 6 = 7 å•å
e ( 9`e ( ee 9`ei`•`iei`•e l m i
J_q•p_Éacq•bc•j_q•pcj_agmlcq•ná`jga_q•cl•mrpmq•n_Éqcq
j• _a_bÅkgam• `pgr~lgam• H,• ?,• P,• bc• ?jck _lg_*• w• j_• `_qc• bcj• nmbcp• Cj• K glgqrcpgm• bc• ?tg_agÜl• f_`É_•

= Ngkjmrr•cqapg`gÜ•cl•sl_•ma_qgÜl,•
íJ_q•pcj_agmlcq•ná`jga_q•lm•qml•
sl• dclÜkclm• cvajsqgt_k clrc• lmpã
`Åjgam• l_xg*•cqapg`gÜ• cl• /6448•íApccã
kmq•osc•f_• jjce_bm• cj• kmkclrm• bc•
osc•jmq•gldmpkcq•gknscqrmq•qm`pc•j_q•
lmk`p_bm•_j• npgkcp•mdgag_j•bc•npclq_•
bcj• Em`gcplm• cl• /7/7*• w• sl• _Öm•
k~q• r_pbc*• cj• Kglgqrcpgm• bc• Q_lgb_b•
rc_kcpga_lm*• ncpm• cl• lglesl_• n_prc• ascqrgmlcq•pcj_rgt_q•_•j_•d~`pga_•bc`cã qcjcaagmlÜ•_• qgp•@_qgj• Aj_pic*•sl• _lrgã
f_l•djmpcagbm•r_lrm•amkm•cl• Cqr_bmq• pÉ_l•bgtsje_pqc*•hslrm•aml• jmq•fcafmq*• esm• amppcqnmlq_j•bc• j_•_eclag_• Pcsã
Slgbmq,•Cl•lglesl_•mrp_•n_prc•qml•r_l• bc• dmpk_• pcesj_p• cl• gldmpk_agmlcq• rcpq*• amkm• bgpcarmp• bc• gldmpk_agÜl,•
np_arga_b_q*• r_l• jsap_rgt_q*• r_l• npcã ncpgmbÉqrga_q•n_p_•qc ptgp~• sl• ná`jgam• Cl• /700*•cj• Em`gcplm• apcÜ• cj• @pgrgqf•
rclagmq_q*•r_l• pcqncr_`jcq•c• glbgqasã gjsqrp_bmì, @pm_ba_qrgle• Qcptgac• &@@A'• amkm• sl•
rg`jcq*•r_l• m`hcrm• bc• qmqncaf_• w•r_l• kcbgm• n_p_• amkslga_p• jmq•t_jmpcq• w•
cvrp_t_e_lrckclrc•clq_jx_b_qì,• Qgl• ?iXe•:i\kXxX nslrmq•bc•tgqr_• `pgr~lgamq•_•qsq•amjmã
ck`_pem*• cq• gk nmpr_lrc• qcp• amlqã lg_q•w•mrpmq•n_Éqcq,
J_• K_pamlg• Amkn_lw*• jÉbcp• kslbg_j•
agclrcq•bc•osc•mrpmq•n_Éqcq•rgclcl•qsq• J_• _qcqmpÉ_• npmdcqgml_j• bc• pcj_ã
cl• rcjcep_dÉ_• gl_j~k `pga_*• apcÜ• sl•
npmng_q• fgqrmpg_q,• ?• amlrgls_agÜl• qc• agml cq• n á ` jga_q• n_p_• j_q• c k n pc ã
bcn_pr_k clrm• cl• /7/.• n_p_• bgtsjã
mdpcac•sl_• kscqrp_• pcnpcqclr_rgt_, q_q• jjceÜ•_j• n_Éq•cl• /702*•as_lbm• qgp•
e_p• amkslga_bmq• bc• npclq_• qm`pc•
qsq•_t_lacq•w•mncp_agmlcq,• Cl• /7//*• @_qgj• Aj_pic• apcÜ• sl_• ck npcq_• bc•
9c\dXe`X j_• npgkcp_• a_k n_Ö_• b c• pcj_agmlcq• _qcqmpÉ_• cl• Jmlbpcq,• N_p_•qs• npgkcp•
J_q• amk n_ÖÉ_q• dcppmtg_pg_q• w• mrp_q• ná`jga_q•es`cpl_kclr_j•dsc•bcq_ppmã ajgclrc*• sl• epsnm• bc• npmbsarmq• j~aã
ep_lbcq• amk n_ÖÉ_q• cknpclbgcpml• jj_b_•nmp•j_•AmkgqgÜl•bc•Qcespmq•n_p_• rcmq*• npmkmtgÜ• j_• ëbc_• bc• n_qrcspg+•
cqdscpxmq• b c• in[eb\bmr•_• kcbg_bmq• cvnjga_p•j_q•tclr_h_q•bcj•L_rgml_j•Glqsã x_p• j_• jcafc*• sl_• gllmt_agÜl• osc•qc•
bcj• qgejm• vgv,•?jdpcb• Ipsnn*•dslb_bmp• p_lac•?ar*•sl_• kcbgb_• nmam• nmnsj_p• f_`É_• cldpclr_bm• _• j_• mnmqgagÜl• bc•
bc•j_• Ipsnn•Amkn_lw*•osc•qc•amltgpã osc•f_`É_• npmtma_bm• ksaf_•in[eb\mr• j_• nm`j_agÜl,• Sl• _Öm• k~q• r_pbc*• qc•
rgÜ• cl• j_• npgkcp_• cknpcq_• glbsqrpg_j lce_rgt_, lmk`pÜ•_•qgp•Hmfl•Cjjgmrr•pcqnmlq_`jc

$\hgmbg}Z%

 


H X i k \ • *• Jfc

bc•pcj_agmlcq•ná`jga_q•bc•j_•Qmsrfcpl• j_• Glbg_*• ckncxÜ• qsq• npmep_k_q• bc• ?lrcpgmpkclrc*•j_• k_wmp•n_prc•bc•j_q•


P_gju_w•Amkn_lw, pcj_agmlcq•ná`jga_q•w•amkslga_agÜl•_• ípcj_agmlcq•ná`jga_qìcp_•pc_jgx_b_•nmp•
jmq•cknjc_bmq•cl• /7/0, cj•Em`gcplm,•?•kcbg_bmq•bc•j_•bÅa_b_•
9ljkiXc`X bc• /76.*•qc•apcÜ• sl_•_qmag_agÜl• psq_•
>`c`g`eXj bc•npmdcqgml_jcq•bc•pcj_agmlcq•ná`jgã
J_q• pcj_agmlcq• ná`jga_q• cl• ?sqrp_jg_•
a_q• n_p_• npmkmagml_p• jmq•cqr~lb_pcq•
qc•aclrp_pml•dslb_kclr_jkclrc•cl•j_• J_• glbsqrpg_• bc• j_q• pcj_agmlcq• ná`jgã
w•mdpcacp•sl_•cbsa_agÜl•amlrgls_,
in[eb\bmr•f_qr_•cj•dgl_j• bc•j_• Qceslb_• a_q• cl• Dgjgngl_q• dsc• gk nmpr_b_• bc•
Escpp_• Kslbg_j,• As_lbm• cj• Eclcp_j• Maagbclrc•cl• j_• bÅa_b_• bc• /72.,• Bc•
cqr_bmslgbclqc• Bmsej_q• K_a?prfsp• fcafm*•qc•amlqgbcp_•osc•cj• n_Éq•cq•ícj• LX`cXe[`X
jjceÜ• rp_q• qs• dse_• bc•Amppcegbmp• cl• jse_p•bc•l_agkgclrm•bc•j_q•pcj_agmlcq• J_q• pcj_agmlcq• ná`jga_q•cl•R_gj_lbg_*•
/720*•glrpmbshm•cj•rÅpkglm• pcj_agmlcq• ná`jga_q•cl• cj• N_aÉdgamì,• Jmq• dslagmã amkm•cl•ksafmq•n_Éqcq*•qc•pckmlr_l•
ná`jga_q•w*•aml•sl•ncpqml_j•_jr_kclrc• l_pgmq•cla_pe_bmq•bc•j_• gldmpk_agÜl• _• j_•bÅa_b_• bc• /73.,• Cqim• N_h_q_jkg*•
as_jgdga_bm*•bckmqrpÜ• j_q• lskcpmq_q• ná`jga_•bcj•ChÅpagrm•bc•Cqr_bmq•Slgbmq• bc• Dglj_lbg_*•cq• amlmagbm• nmp• qcp• cj•
dmpk_q•bc•dmk clr_p• qs• gk_ecl• w• qs• ckgrÉ_l•aml•pcesj_pgb_b•amkslga_bmq• osc•apcÜ• j_• npgkcp_•cknpcq_•bc•pcj_ã
cqdscpxm•`Åjgam, _•j_•npclq_•dgjgngl_•bsp_lrc•j_•Qceslb_• agmlcq• ná`jga_q,•ApcÜ• qs• amlqsjrmp_*•
J_• glbsqrpg_•apcagÜ•bc•dmpk_•amlrgã Escpp_•Kslbg_j,Rp_q•j_•escpp_*•cj•amlã Npcqim*• rp_q• f_`cp• chcpagbm• bsp_lrc•
ls_•w*•cl• /74.*•qc•apcÜ•cj• Ns`jga•Pcj_ã acnrm• dsc• _bmnr_bm• nmp• j_q• ck npcã k~q•bc•sl_•bÅa_b_•bc•kgqgmlcpm•apgqã
rgmlq•Glqrgrsrc•md•?sqrp_jg_•&NPG?',•Clrpc• q_q•jma_jcq*•w•qc•mpe_lgxÜ• j_• @sqglcqq• rg_lm•cl•cj• lmprc•bc•R_gj_lbg_,• Npcqim•
jmq• npmdcqgml_jcq• k~q•bcqr_a_bmq•qc• Upgrcpq•?qqmag_rgml•m d•rfc•Nfgjgnnglcq• rcpkglÜ• amltgprgÅlbmqc•cl• j_• k_wmp•
asclr_l•Ecmpec• Dgrxn_rpgai*•amlqgbcã n_p_• npmkmagml_p• j_• ëbc_• bc• j_• pcqã dgpk_• bc• pcj_agmlcq• ná`jga_q•bcj• n_Éq•
p_bm•cj•npgkcp•_sqrp_jg_lm•osc•pc_jgxÜ• nmlq_`gjgb_b•qmag_j•bc•j_q•cknpcq_q, w•dghÜ• cj• nslrm• bc• pcdcpclag_• n_p_• j_q•
_argtgb_bcq•bc•pcj_agmlcq• ná`jga_q*•w• Clrpc•jmq•ncpqml_hcq•_•bcqr_a_p•bc• cknpcq_q•osc•j_•qgesgcpml,
Cpga•Ufgrc*•osgcl*•qceál• sl_• dsclrc*• jmq• ngmlcpmq• dgjgnglmq• qc• clasclrp_• Sl_• bc• j_q• npgk cp_q• a_k n_Ö_q•
íapcÜ•j_•glbsqrpg_•bc•pcj_agmlcq•ná`jgã Ncrc•Rcmbmpm*• clrmlacq• bgpcarmp• bc• bc• Npcqim• dsc• n_p_• Amje_rc+N_jkmã
a_qì•cl• ?sqrp_jg_,•W_• cl• j_•bÅa_b_• bc• pcj_agmlcq•ná`jga_qbc•Cjgx_jbc$•Amk+• jgtc• bcqnsÅq• bc• osc•qc• _asq_p_• d_jã
jmq• qcqclr_*• U fgrc• _`pgÜ• qsaspq_jcq• n_lw*•sl•d_`pga_lrc•bc•nglrsp_q,•Dsc•cj• q_k clrc• _• j_• n_qr_• bc• bgclrcq• bc•
bc• qs• cknpcq_• cl• qcgq• n_Éqcq• bc• j_• npgkcpm•osc•mpe_lgxÜ• sl_• a_kn_Ö_• amlrclcp• ep_q_• bc• acpbm,• J_• amk sã
ascla_•bcj•N_aÉdgam, bc•pcj_agmlcq•ná`jga_q•n_p_•apc_p•sl_• lgb_b• k sqsjk _l_• cqr_`_• fmppmpgã
`scl_•mnglgÜl• ná`jga_•w•tmjskcl•bc• x_b_*•w•Amje_rc• ncpbgÜ•bc• glkcbg_rm•
Ae[`X lcemagm•aml•jmq•_posgrcarmq•w•amlrp_ã cj•/..# •bcj•kcpa_bm•cl•cj•qsp•bc•R_gã
rgqr_q•jma_jcq, j_lbg_,•N_h_q_jkg•qc•nsqm•cl•amlr_arm•
?slosc•j_• Glbg_•rgclc•sl• j_pem• fgqrmã
Cl• /744*• j_• cknpcq_• Q_l• Kgescj*• aml• jmq•jÉbcpcq•ksqsjk_lcq*•jmq•jjctÜ•
pg_j• bc• pcwcq•w•ckncp_bmpcq•osc• srgã
sl_• bc• j_q• cknpcq_q• k~q•ep_lbcq• w• _• glqncaagml_p• j_q• d~`pga_q• w• amlqgã
jgx_pml• kÅrmbmq• bc•amkslga_agÜl• w•
d_kmq_q•bcj• n_Éq*•amlmagb_• kslbg_jã esgÜ• amltclacpjmq• bc• jmq• pskmpcq•
npmn_e_lb_*• j_q• pcj_agmlcq• ná`jga_q•
k clrc• nmp• qs• acptcx_• Q_l• Kgescj*• cp_l• gldslb_bmq,• Cj• lcemagm• qc• pc_ã
kmbcpl_q•ckncx_pml•npm`_`jckclrc•
apcÜ•cj• npgkcp•bcn_pr_kclrm•bc•pcj_ã tgtÜ•bc•lsctm,
bsp_lrc• j_• Npgkcp_• Escpp_• Kslbg_j*•
agmlcq•ná`jga_q,
as_lbm• cj• em`gcplm• jjclÜ• cj• n_Éq•bc•
r_`jmlcq•bc•_lslagmq•n_p_• kmtgjgx_p•
=d`iXkfj•áiXY\j
_•jmq•agsb_b_lmq•cl•_nmwm•_•j_•escpp_,•
DV•>ZYZgVX^zc•JjhV Cj•apcagkgclrm•_acjcp_bm•bc•jmq•lcemã
Qceál• A,•T,•L_p_qgkf_• Pcbbg*•cbgrmp_• §• dgl• bc• j_• SlgÜl• QmtgÅrga_• cl• /77/• agmq•w•cj•bcq_ppmjjm•camlÜkgam•bc•j_q•
bc•Jn[eb\ L^eZmbhgl Phb\^'•íj_q•pcj_agmã dmkclrÜ• sl_• camlmkÉ_• bc• kcpa_bm• n_q_b_q• bÅa_b_q*• cqncag_jkclrc• cl•
lcq• ná`jga_q•hse_pml• sl• n_ncj• ksw• w•pcdmpk_q•bckmap~rga_q•osc• npmtmã Bs`_•g*•f_•d_tmpcagbm•cj•bcq_ppmjjm•bc•
_argtm•cl•j_•glbcnclbclag_•bc•j_•Glbg_,• a_pml• sl• p~ngbm• apcagkgclrm•bcj•qcaã j_q• pcj_agmlcq• ná`jga_q•cl• jmq• Ckgp_ã
E_lbfg*•nmp•chcknjm*•srgjgxÜ• káqgamq*• rmp•bc• j_q• pcj_agmlcq• ná`jga_q•cl• j_q• rmq• õp_`cq,• ?• kcbg_bmq•bc• jmq• _Ömq•
pcslgmlcq*• amlaclrp_agmlcq*• bgqaspã cknpcq_q• npgt_b_q•w•cl• cj• Em`gcplm,• 6.*• j_• k _wmpÉ_• bc• jmq• bcn_pr_k clã
qmq•w•clrpctgqr_q•cl• jmq• kcbgmq• n_p_• Aml• j_• lsct_• _ncprsp_*• j_q•cknpcq_q• rmq• es`cpl_k clr_jcq• w• mrp_q• glqrgã
jjce_p• _• j_• nm`j_agÜl• psp_j• w• sp`_l_• ckncx_pml•_•tclbcp•npmbsarmq•w•qcpã rs agm l cq• apc_pml• bcn_pr_k cl rm q•
w•amlagclag_pj_• qm`pc• j_• gknmpr_lag_• tgagmq•cl•j_• lsct_• Psqg_•aml•j_•_wsb_• bc• pcj_agmlcq• ná`jga_q,• ?bck~q*• cl•
bc•j_• jsaf_• nmp•j_• glbcnclbclag_,•Bc• bc• kÅrmbmq•maagbclr_jcq•bc• ns`jgagã cqr_• Ånma_• r_k `gÅl• qc• cqr_`jcagcã
fcafm*• t_pgmq• npmdcqmpcq• glbgmq• f_l• b_b*•pcj_agmlcq•ná`jga_q•w•npmkmagÜl,• pml• ksaf_q•cknpcq_q•bc• pcj_agmlcq•
jj_k_bm•_•E_lbfg cj•n_bpc•bc•j_q•pcj_ã ?bck~q*•j_q•cknpcq_q•psq_q•ckncx_ã ná`jga_q• n_p_• q c pt gp~ • j_q• cknpcq_q•
agmlcq•ná`jga_q•cl•j_• Glbg_ ,R?R?*•sl_• pml• _• amknpclbcp•j_• gknmpr_lag_• bc• k sjrgl_agml_jcq• osc• mncp_`_l• cl•
bc•j_q•cknpcq_q•k~q•gknmpr_lrcq•bc _lslag_p• qsq• npmbsarmq• w• qcptgagmq, Mpgclrc•Kcbgm,

 


; X g `kl cX • + • I^•bslir`fÑk•ab•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p

=meVch^zc• ]VX^V•Za•GZhiZ
Aro^kqb•qlal• bi•pfdil• V GV *• i^p• qÄ`kf`^p• ab•gmYc`Z`kp•v•moljl`fÑk• ^vra^olk• ^• ml_i^o• bi•
Lbpqb•ab•Bpq^alp• Rkfalp+• Ilp• bpmb`ri^alobp• fkjl_fif^oflp• afpqof_rÅ^k• cliibqlp•v•lqolp•
j^qbof^ibp•nrb•abp`of_Å^k•^•`^a^•`ljrkfa^a•`ljl•ëbi•BaÄk•bk•bi•Lbpqbí)• il•nrb•rk•`oÅü
qf`l•ab•i^•Äml`^•`^ifcf`Ñ•ab•ëco^rab•abp`^o^al)• obmibql•ab•bu^dbo^`flkbp•v•abp`ofm`flkbp•
c^ip^jbkqb•`lilob^a^p•v•ml`l•^grpq^a^p•^• i^• ob^ifa^aí+• Rk• cliibql•pl_ob•Kb_o^ph^)• mlo•
bgbjmil)• abp`of_Å^•bi•qboofqlofl•`ljl•ëbi•fab^i•alkab•bjfdo^o+++• ^`lq^al•^i•kloqb•mlo•i^•
î^rolo^•_lob^iï•v•^i•pro•mlo•bi•AÅ^•abi•Grf`fl•Cfk^ií+•Lqolp•cliibqlp•bo^k•j|p•ob^ifpq^p•abpü
`of_fbkal•bi•qboobkl•cÄoqfi)•i^•^_rka^k`f^•ab•^dr^•v •i^•mlpf_fifa^a•ab•d^k^o•rk^•cloqrk^+
Ilp•cbool`^oofibp•bpq^alrkfabkpbp)•bk•m^oqf`ri^o)•ob`roofbolk•buqbkp^jbkqb•^•i^p•obi^ü
`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•v•^•ilp•^dbkqbp•ab•mobkp^•m^o^•^qo^bo•^•`lilklp•v •^rjbkq^o•prp•lmbo^`flü
kbp+• @ljl•il•abp`of_b•>kav•Mf^pb`hf)• molcbplo•abi•Nrbbk•J^od^obq•Rkfsbopfqv•@liibdb•
ab•Bafj_rodl7
ëI^•bum^kpfÑk• ab• ilp•cbool`^oofibp•abmbkaÅ^•ab• i^•glYc`Z`kp•v•i^•moljl`fÑk+•Kl•obpriq^•
plomobkabkqb•nrb•`r^inrfbo•fksbopfÑk•bk•i^•bum^kpfÑk•l``fabkq^i•abmbkafbo^•ab•bk`lkü
qo^o•ml_i^`fÑk+•Jr`e^p•bjmobp^p•cboolsf^of^p•bo^k•q^kql•^dbk`f^p•ab•`lilkfw^`fÑk•`ljl•
bjmobp^p•ab•qo^kpmloqb+• Pfk•ml_i^`fÑk)•kl•pb• mlaÅ^• j^kqbkbo• bi• pbosf`fl•cboolsf^ofl•v)•
mrbpql•nrb•bk•^nrbii^•Äml`^•e^_Å^•ml`^•ml_i^`fÑk•bk•bi•Lbpqb)•e^_Å^•nrb•^qo^boi^í+
Mlo•`lkpfdrfbkqb)• i^p• bjmobp^p•`ljl• ?roifkdqlk•v•Jfpplrof• O^fiol^a• pb•bk`^od^ü
olk• ab•cljbkq^o•ilp• ^pbkq^jfbkqlp• bk• bi• Lbpqb•abpab•Fkdi^qboo^•v•lqolp• ird^obp+• Bpq^p•
alp•bjmobp^p•^_ofbolk•rk^•lcf`fk^•ab•fkcloj^`fÑk•bk•Ifsbomlli•nrb•afpqof_rÅ^•_libqfkbp•
fkcloj^qfslp•v •j^m^p)•v•nrb•`lil`^_^•efpqlof^p•bk•i^•mobkp^•il`^i+•>abj|p)•ilp•cbool`^oofü
ibp•moljlsfbolk•`lkcbobk`f^p•pl_ob•i^•bjfdo^`fÑk•^i•Lbpqb•^jbof`^kl+• PbdÖk•Mf^pb`hf)•
ëI^•a fpX [\ cX ZfifeX•ab•?roifkdqlk•bo^•rk^•bpmb`fb•ab•bpmb`q|`ril•fqfkbo^kqb)•rk^•`lkcbü
obk`f^•firpqo^a^•`lk•52•`r^aolp)•`^a^•rkl•ab•rklp•5/• jbqolp•`r^ao^alpí+
I^•glYc`Z`kp•v•i^p• ^`qfsfa^abp• ab•moljl`fÑk•l_qrsfbolk• _rbklp• obpriq^alp+• M^pb`hf•
pbÉ^i^7•ëAro^kqb•i^•aÄ`^a^•ab•.54-•v•i^•ab•.55-)•ilp•cbool`^oofibp•^qo^gbolk•rklp•1)2•jfiilü
kbp• ab•mboplk^p•^•ilp•bpq^alp•abi•Jbafl•Lbpqb)•v•crbolk•obpmlkp^_ibp•ab•i^•`ob^`fÑk•ab•
`^pf• alp• jfiilkbp• ab•do^kg^p+• Kl•pb•er_fbo^• mlafal• ildo^o•k^a^• ab•bpl• pfk•`ljmibg^p•
bpqo^qbdf^p•ab•`ljrkf`^`fÑk•bpqob`e^jbkqb•sfk`ri^a^p•^•prp•l_gbqfslp•bjmobp^of^ibpí+
>•cfk^ibp• abi• pfdil• V GV *• i^• bjmobp^• P^kq^• Cb•O^fit^v•mrpl•bk•j^o`e^• rk^•`^jm^É^•
m^o^•^qo^bo•qrofpq^p•^i•Prolbpqb+•Bk`^odÑ•^•al`bk^p•ab•mfkqlobp•v•clqÑdo^clp•nrb•jlpqo^o^k•
bi•bpmb`q^`ri^o•m^fp^gb•v•^•fkaflp•^jbof`^klp•p^ira^kal)• ob`ldfbkal•j^Åw•v •_^fi^kal+

Ddh•bdk^b^Zcidh•edaxi^Xdh•n•hdX^VaZh
Ilp• ^i_lobp• abi• pfdil• V GV • q^j_fÄk•^pfpqfbolk•^i• abp^ooliil•ab•i^p• qÄ`kf`^p• ab•obi^`flkbp•
mÖ_if`^p•bk•bi•cobkqb•mliÅqf`l•v•^`qfsfpq^+•>jlp•Hbka^ii)•rk•^kqfdrl•afob`qlo•ab•rk•mbofÑü
af`l•ab•Hbkqr`hv)•pb•`lksfoqfÑ•bk•rkl•ab•ilp•jfbj_olp•j|p•`bo`^klp•^i•ëd^_fkbqb•ab•i^•
`l`fk^í• abi• mobpfabkqb•>kaobt•G^`hplk•v•crb)• mol_^_ibjbkqb)• bi• mofjbo•pb`obq^ofl• ab•
mobkp^•ab•rk•mobpfabkqb•ab•Bpq^alp•Rkfalp+
Hbka^ii•^k^ifw^_^•i^•lmfkfÑk•mÖ_if`^•pl_ob•afpqfkq^p•`rbpqflkbp)•^pbplo^_^•^•G^`hplk•
b•fkqbomobq^_^•prqfijbkqb•prp•oÖpqf`^p•fab^p)•a|kalibp•cloj^•bk•afp`roplp•v•`ljrkf`^alp•
ab•mobkp^+•Q^j_fÄk•bgbo`fÑ•`ljl•^dbkqb•bk•i^•mobm^o^`fÑk•ab•i^p•dfo^p•ab•G^`hplk)•bp`ofü
_fÑ•^oqÅ`rilp•bkp^iw^alobp•nrb•bksf^_^•^•ilp•mbofÑaf`lp•nrb•ib•^mlv^_^k•v •crb)•mol_^_ibü
jbkqb)•bi•mofjbol•bk•rqfifw^o•i^•obmolar``fÑk•ab•bpqlp•^oqÅ`rilp•bk•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p8•
`^pf•qla^•i^•efpqlof^•`ljmibjbkq^of^•l•bafqlof^i•pl_ob•G^`hplk• bo^•obmolar`fa^•v•afpqofü
_rfa^•^jmif^jbkqb+•I^•obmolar``fÑk•ab•ilp•^oqÅ`rilp•bk•mobkp^•pfdrb•pfbkal•e^_fqr^i•bk•
i^•^`qr^i•mo|`qf`^•jlabok^+

 


H X i k \ • *• Jfc

Cl• cj•rp_`_hm• H
H =J K H =; L AN 9 K
e o r m f * ) m o A• A 9 P ) H

gam•amlqr_lrcq•fgqrÜpga_q
_• ctmjsagÜl• bc• j_q• pcj_agmlcq• Cqn_Ö_*•cknjc_`_l• kÅrmbmq•bc•pcj_ã sl_• `_r_jj_•amlrp_• jmq•npmkmrmpcq•bc•

D ná`jga_q•qc•nscbc•clas_bp_p•cl•
sl_•jÉlc_•osc•t_•bcqbc•jmq•rgckã
nmq•_lrgesmq•f_qr_•j_•_ars_jgb_b*•ncpm•
agmlcq• ná`jga_q• n_p_• pcajsr_p•_• ncpã
qml_q•n_p_•qsq•escpp_q•q_lr_qì,•Qml%q•
m d•Jg`cprw•&jmq•Fghmq•bc•j_• Jg`cpr_b'*•_•
j_•jcw•qm`pc•kmlmnmjgmì,

<\]\ejX
f_w•amlqr_lrcq• fgqrÜpga_q•osc•rp_lqã kcbg_bmq•bc• /5..*• sq_`_• n_ldjcrmq*•
J_q• r~arga_q• bc• pcj_agmlcq• ná`jga_q•
agclbcl•cj• rgcknm•w•cj• jse_p,• K_pemr• k_lgdcqr_agmlcq•w•ctclrmq•n_p_•pcajsã
qc• sq_pml• n_p_• bcdclbcp• jmq• k mtgã
Mnbwaic• J_kkc*• bc• j_• Slgtcpqgb_b• r_p•kgck`pmq•bc•mnmqgagÜl•_•j_q•amjmã
kgclrmq•_`mjgagmlgqr_q•w•Qr_lb_pb•MjÉ•
bc•?j_`_k_*•w•I_pcl•Kgjjcp•Psqqcjj*•bc• lg_q•`pgr~lga_q,
j_q• srgjgxÜ• n_p_• gkncbgp• j_• jcw• qm`pc•
j_• Slgtcpqgb_b• bc•Ecmpeg_*• _dgpk_l8•
kmlmnmjgm,•?j•dgl_j•bcj•qgejm•vgv*•Hmfl•
íj_•dslagÜl•bc•j_q•pcj_agmlcq•ná`jga_q• D\^`k`d`[X[
Ksgp•bcdclbÉ_•j_•lcacqgb_b•bc•j_•apc_ã
f_• ncpk_lcagbm• glqÜjgr_kclrc•amlqã Cj• pcqn_jbm• bc• rcpacp_q• n_prcq•qc• f_•
r_lrc• _• jm• j_pem• bcj• rgcknmì,• W• f_w• agÜl•bc•n_poscq•l_agml_jcq,
sq_bm•cl•rmbmq•jmq•rgcknmq•n_p_•jcegã J_kkc•w•Psqqcjj•_nslr_l8•íAmjcaã
aglam•amlqr_lrcq•fgqrÜpga_q,
rgk_p•a_sq_q•c• Glqrgrsagmlcq,•J_• ?`_ã rgt_k clrc*•cqr_q•aglam• kmrgt_agmlcq•
bÉ_• bc•Ej_lqrml`spw• qc• _npmngÜ• bc• amlbshcpml• _• sl_• clmpkc•t_pgcb_b•
:\e\]`Z`f j_• jcwclb_•bcj• Pcw•?prspm• n_p_• jcegrgã bc• r~arga_q*• amkm• dmjjcrmq*• jg`pmq• w•
Cl• j_• `g`jgmep_dÉ_• fgqrÜpga_• cj• `clcdgã k_p•cj•bmkglgm•bc•Glej_rcpp_•qm`pc•jmq• mrpmq• k_rcpg_jcq• gknpcqmq*• m`p_q• bc•
agm•cq•sl_•kmrgt_agÜl•amlqr_lrc•cl•j_• Acjr_q,• N,•R,• @_plsk•w• j_q•amkn_ÖÉ_q• rc_rpm*• k áqga_*• _prc*• amk npmk gqmq•
dslagÜl•bc•j_q•pcj_agmlcq•ná`jga_q,•Cl• dcppmtg_pg_q•qc•_jg_`_l•_• kclsbm•aml• aml•rcpacp_q•n_prcq*•cqjÜe_lcq•w•qÉkã
/3..*•cj• n_n_•Ajckclrc•TGGG• sqÜ•r~argã jmq•jÉbcpcq•bc•mnglgÜl• n_p_•b_p•apcbgã `mjmq*•am`cprsp_• kcbg~rga_*•cqncar~ã
a_q•bc•pcj_agmlcq•ná`jga_q•n_p_•pca_sã `gjgb_b•_•qsq•_argtgb_bcq, asjm•w•rpsamq• ns`jgagr_pgmqì,• Bc•cqrc•
b_p•bglcpm,•Aglasclr_• _Ömq•bcqnsÅq*• kmbm*• amlajswcl*• ícj• amlacnrm• bcj•
cj• F_pt_pb•Amjjcecdsccj• npgkcp•amjcã 9^`kXZ`ye bcq_ppmjjm• bc• j_q• pcj_agmlcq• ná`jgã
egm• slgtcpqgr_pgm• osc• bcq_ppmjjÜ• sl_• a_q• _• jm• j_pem• bcj• rgck nm• c q*• nmp•
J_q•jge_q•_lrg_jamfmj•w•jmq•kmtgkgclã
a_kn_Ö_,• Jmq• dcppma_ppgjcq• _k cpga_ã
rmq• qsdp_egqr_q• sq_`_l• j_• _egr_agÜl• r_lrm*• pcjct_lrc•cl• npgkcp• jse_p• nmp•
lmq*•f_ag_•/6..*•sq_`_l•j_q•pcj_agmlcq•
qmag_j• n_p_• amlagclag_p•qm`pc•cj• npmã j_• cqa_j_• bc•r~arga_q• osc• qc• dscpml•
aml• jmq• kcbgmq*• cvfg`gagmlcq•w•_e_ã
`jck_•bcj• _jamfmjgqkm• w•j_• bgqapgkgã cknjc_lbm• w•r_k `gÅl• nmp• cj• bcq_ã
q_hmq•_• j_• npclq_• n_p_• glapckclr_p• j_•
l_agÜl•bc•eÅlcpmq,• J_kkc•w• Psqqcjj• ppmjjm• ep_bs_j• bc• j_q• pcej_q• bc•amk ã
tclr_•bc•`gjjcrcq, r_k`gÅl•_dgpk_l8•íJ_• `_r_jj_•bc• /67.• npmkgqmì,
clrpc• U cqrjlefmsqc• w• Cbgqml• nmp•
J\ZclkXd`\ekf j_• amppgclrc•cjÅarpga_• glajsÉ_• jmemq• w•
@n^gm^5•K,• M,• J_k k c•$• I,• K,• Psqqcjj• &gltgcplm•
J_kkc•_lb• Psqqcjj• k_lgdgcqr_l8•íCl• rÅpk glmq• bc• cvnjmr_agÜl• n_rÅrgamq*•
0./.',•aPckmtgle•rf cqn gl 8•Rmu_pb•_•l cu rf c m pw•
j_•Cb_b• Kcbg_*•jmq•kmlhcq•gpj_lbcqcq*• kgclrp_q• osc• Qr_lb_pb• MF• qc• kcrgÜ• md•ns`jga• pcj_rgmlq• fgqrmpwì,•DhnkgZeblf =hffn(•
j_q• Apsx_b_q•w• j_• Gejcqg_• A_rÜjga_• cl cl• j_q•pcj_agmlcq• ná`jga_q• n_p_• jg`p_p g Ö\Zmb{g Ghgh`kZial'• /5&2',

Ilp•abcbkplobp•ab•`^rp^p•`ljl•i^•ir`e^•`lkqo^•i^•bp`i^sfqra)•`lkqo^•i^•molef_f`fÑk•v•^•
c^slo•ab•ilp•abob`elp•ab•i^p•jrgbobp)•rqfifw^olk•^i•j|ufjl•i^•glYc`Z`kp•^•il•i^odl•ab•qlal•bi•
pfdil+• Bk•.515)•mlo•bgbjmil)•ilp•lod^kfw^alobp•ab•i^•mofjbo^•`lksbk`fÑk•pl_ob•abob`elp•
ab•i^p•jrgbobp•bk•i^p•K\e\ZX >Xccj)•Krbs^•Vloh)•rqfifw^olk•jr`e^p•q|`qf`^p• ab•obi^`flkbp•
mÖ_if`^p•m^o^•moljlsbo•i^•`lk`bkqo^`fÑk•v •a^o•^•`lkl`bo•i^•`^rp^+• Ob`roofbolk•^•`ljrü
kf`^alp• ab•mobkp^)• cliibqlp)• mbqf`flkbp• ibd^ibp)• bsbkqlp• bpmb`f^ibp)• dfo^p• ab•lo^alobp• b•
fk`irpl•`lk`bmqlp•mobj^qrolp•ab•dbpqfÑk•ab•`lkcif`qlp•mlqbk`f^ibp•$mwXj\•bi•@^mÅqril•.-&+

 


; X g `kl cX • + • I^•bslir`fÑk•ab•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p

Rk^•ab•i^p•^`qfsfa^abp•ab•glYc`Z`kp•ab•j^vlo•fkcirbk`f^•m^o^•i^•^_lif`fÑk•
ab•i^•bp`i^sfqra•crb•i^•mr_if`^`fÑk•ab•DX ;XYXyX [\c Lxf Lfd)•ab•E^oofbq•
?bb`ebo•Pqltb)•bk• .52/+
I^•Tljbkóp• @eofpqf^k•Qbjmbo^k`b•Rkflk• %T @QR&• rpÑ)• abpab•
.54-)•rk^•do^k•s^ofba^a•ab•bpqo^qbdf^p•ab•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•m^o^•`lkü
pbdrfo•i^• molef_f`fÑk•abi• ^i`leli•v•bi•prco^dfl•rkfsbop^i+•>idrk^p• ab•
bpq^p• qÄ`kf`^p•fk`irÅ^k•%.&•afpqof_r`fÑk•ab•elg^p•fkcloj^qfs^p• v•`ljrü
kf`^alp• ^•i^• mobkp^)• %/&• ^mboqro^• ab•`^cbqboÅ^p)• %0&• j^kfcbpq^`flkbp• bk•
cobkqb•ab•i^p• qfbka^p• ab•if`lobp)• %1&• abpmi^w^jfbkqlp• mrboq^• ^• mrboq^•
m^o^•mbopr^afo•^•ilp•slq^kqbp+• Lqol•dorml•^`qfsfpq^•crb•i^•>kqf*P^illk•
Ib^drb•lc•>jbof`^)• nrb•rpÑ• m^kcibqlp)• `^oqbibp)• `lkcbobk`f^p•v• il_*•
_|pjl•m^o^•`lkpbdrfo)• bk• .6/-)• i^•moljrid^`fÑk•ab•i^•Bkjfbka^•Afbü
`fl`el)•nrb•molef_Å^• i^•sbkq^•v •`lkprjl•ab•molar`qlp•^i`leÑif`lp• bk•
ilp•Bpq^alp•Rkfalp+
Lqolp•^`qfsfpq^p•ab•i^•pbdrka^•jfq^a•abi•pfdil•V GV •pb•`bkqo^olk•bk•
i^• afp`ofjfk^`fÑk• o^`f^i+• Fa^• ?+• Tbiip•k^`fÑ• bk• i^• bp`i^sfqra• bk• .53/•
v•qbkÅ^•plil•//• ^Élp• `r^kal• pb• kbdÑ• ^• ibs^kq^opb•`r^kal• rk• obsfplo•
ib•afgl•nrb•abg^o^•pr•^pfbkql•bk•rk•qobk)• %bpql•pr`bafÑ•j|p•ab•4-•^Élp•
^kqbp•nrb•il•l`roofal•`lk•Olp^•M^oh)•nrb•pb•`lksfoqfÑ•bk•bi•pÅj_lil•ab•
ilp•jlsfjfbkqlp•mlo•ilp•abob`elp•`fsfibp•bk•.63-&+•Fa^•bafqÑ•rk•mbofÑü
af`l•nrb•moljlsÅ^•i^•kl•pbdobd^`fÑk•%nrb•irbdl•crb•nrbj^al•mlo•rk• Gb_•@,•U cjjq
dorml• ab•_i^k`lp&• v•nrb•bpq^_^• ^• c^slo•ab•ibvbp• nrb•molef_fbo^k• ilp• Qsq•cqapgrmq•w•cj• s•qm•bc•j_q•pcj_agmlcq•
ifk`e^jfbkqlp•%qobp•^jfdlp•prvlp•crbolk•ifk`e^alp•v•^m^ib^alp•e^pq^•i^• ná`jga_q•dscpml•sl•Glqrpskclrm•tgr_j•n_p_•
jrboqb•mlo•rk•dorml•ab•_i^k`lp&+•Bp`of_fÑ•^oqÅ`rilp•v •if_olp)•molkrkü jjct_p•j_q•ëbc_q_lrjpp_ajqr_q_• j_q•kclrcq•
`fÑ•`fbkqlp•ab•afp`roplp•v •crb•qbgfbkal•e|_fijbkqb•ilp•^odrjbkqlp•m^o^• bc•jmq•agsb_b_lmq•lmprc_kcpga_lmq,
`^j_f^o•i^•lmfkfÑk•mÖ_if`^•bk•Bpq^alp•Rkfalp•v•Brolm^+•Q^j_fÄk•crb•
i^•crka^alo^•ab•i^•K^qflk^i•>ppl`f^qflk•lc•@liloba•Mblmib•%K>>@M&•
v•pb•`lksfoqfÑ•bk•rkl•ab•ilp•iÅabobp•ab•`lilo•ab•j|p•fkcirbk`f^•bk•pr•qfbjml+
Aro^kqb• i^•pbdrka^•jfq^a•abi•pfdil• V GV • q^j_fÄk•er_l•jlsfjfbkqlp• b`lildfpq^p+• Bi•
k^qro^ifpq^•Glek•Jrfo•bjmbwÑ•rk^•`^jm^É^•m^o^•molqbdbo•i^•k^qro^ibw^•v•`ob^o•m^onrbp•
k^`flk^ibp+• Bp`of_fÑ•s^oflp• if_olp)• al`bk^p• ab•^oqÅ`rilp)• bksfÑ•`fbkqlp• ab•qbibdo^j^p• v•
molkrk`fÑ•`lkcbobk`f^p•mlo•qlal•bi•m^Åp+•Bk•.556)•`li^_loÑ•`lk•i^•obsfpq^• ;\eklip E X^X(•
q`e\'•ab•do^k•fkcirbk`f^)•m^o^•moljlsbo•rk^•`^jm^É^•nrb•plif`fq^_^•bi•^mlvl•abi•`lkdobpl•
m^o^•`ob^o•bi•Qfj\d`k\ FXk`feXc HXib)•I^•`^jm^É^•ab•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•ab•bpqb•^`qfsfpq^•
qrsl•Äufql•v•elv•bk•aÅ^•ilp•`fra^a^klp•pfdrbk•afpcorq^kal•ab•i^•molqb``fÑk•ab•Vlpbjfqb+

Hg^bZgVh•^c^X^Vi^kVh•XdgedgVi^kVh
I^•li^• ab•fkarpqof^ifw^`fÑk•v•ro_^kfw^`fÑk•nrb• ob`loofÑ•Bpq^alp•Rkfalp•qo^p•i^• Drboo^•
Dsfi•c^slob`fÑ•i^•`ob^`fÑk•ab•krbslp•kbdl`flp•nrb•`ljmbqÅ^k•bk•bi•jbo`^al+
Bi• molmfbq^ofl•ab•rklp• ^ij^`bkbp• ab•Cfi^abicf^)•Glek•T^kk^j^hbo)• crb•rkl•ab• ilp•
mofjbolp•sbkabalobp•^i•mlo•jbklo•nrb•rqfifwÑ•q|`qf`^p•ab•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•m^o^•^qo^bo•
^•ilp•`ifbkqbp+• Bk• .54-)• mr_if`Ñ• rk^• obsfpq^• nrb•pb•bkqobd^_^•do^qrfq^jbkqb+• Q^j_fÄk•
`lil`Ñ•`^oqbibp•pl_ob•i^•_lk^kw^•ab•prp•molar`qlp•v•pbosf`flp•bk•prp•^ij^`bkbp•b)•fk`irpl)•
lod^kfwÑ•rk•dorml•ab•ib`qro^•^i•nrb•qo^Å^•^•ob`lkl`falp•lo^alobp+
Lqol•do^k•^ij^`Äk)•J^`,p)•fkpq^iÑ)•bk•.54-)•pr•mofjbo•bp`^m^o^qb•ab`lo^al•ab•K^sfü
a^a•m^o^•^qo^bo•^•ilp•`ifbkqbp+•Pfk•bj_^odl)•pr•do^k•dlimb•ab•bcb`ql•bk•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•
crb•i^•`ob^`fÑk•abi•Abpcfib•abi•AÅ^•ab•>``fÑk•ab•Do^`f^p•ab•J^`,p)•nrb•bjmbwÑ•bk•.6/1+•
Bk•.600)•j|p•ab•rk•jfiiÑk•ab•mboplk^p•^pfpqfbolk•^i•abpcfib•bk•Krbs^•Vloh+•Qla^sÅ^•elv)•
bi•abpcfib•^qo^b•^•jfibp•ab•mboplk^p•v•qfbkb•rk^•do^k•^rafbk`f^•qbibsfpfs^+

 


H X i k \ • *• Jfc

I^• Tbpqfkdelrpb•@lomlo^qflk•`obÑ• il• nrb•pb•`lkpfabo^• bi• mofjbo•abm^oq^jbkql•


fkqbokl•ab•glYc`Z`kp)•m^o^•moljlsbo•bi•`lk`bmql•ab•`loofbkqb•^iqbok^•cobkqb•^i•pfpqbj^•ab•
`loofbkqb•`lkqfkr^•ab•Qelj^p• Bafplk+• Dblodb•Tbpqfkdelrpb•d^kÑ•i^•_^q^ii^•mÖ_if`^•^•
Bafplk•v •bi•pfpqbj^•ab•`loofbkqb•^iqbok^•pb•`lksfoqfÑ•bk•bi•bpq|ka^o•bk•ilp•Bpq^alp•Rkfü
alp+• Bk• .564)•i^•>ppl`f^qflk•lc•>jbof`^k•O^fiol^ap•rqfifwÑ•bi•qÄojfkl•i\cXZ`fe\j g{Yc`ZXj
bk•rklp•ab•prp•al`rjbkqlp•bjmobp^of^ibp+

A• +3**'+3/*4•DV•ZgV•YZ•adh•e^dcZgdh
>•`ljfbkwlp•abi•pfdil•V V *•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•e^_Å^k•bjmbw^al•^•obfksbkq^opb•^•pÅ•jfpü
j^p•jbaf^kqb•i^p•iÅkb^p•mboflaÅpqf`^p+•Bi•Äkc^pfp•m^pÑ•ab•i^•moljl`fÑk•bu^dbo^a^•v •bi•^dbkqb•
ab•mobkp^•^i•rpl)•ab•ilp•qfbjmlp•ab•?^okrj)•^•i^•fab^•ab•nrb•ilp•eb`elp•v •i^•fkcloj^`fÑk•
bo^k• il•j|p•bcb`qfsl+•Bk•bpqb•`^j_fl•fkcirvbolk•alp•c^`qlobp+•Bi• mofjbol)•bi• jlabil•ab•
^dbkqb•ab•mobkp^•kl•bk`^g^_^•bk•i^p•lmbo^`flkbp•v •l_gbqfslp•ab•i^p•do^kabp•bjmobp^p+•V•bi•
pbdrkal)•bi•ob`fbkqbjbkqb•prodfal•pb`qlo•ab•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•^qo^gl•^•mboflafpq^p•nrb•
pb•pbkqÅ^k•j|p•`Ñjlalp•`lk•i^•l_gbqfsfa^a•v•i^•afpbjfk^`fÑk•ab•fkcloj^`fÑk+

Akn•DZZ4•Za•eg^bZg•XdchZ_Zgd•YZ• gZaVX^dcZh•e{Wa^XVh
Bi•mflkbol•ab•i^•krbs^•^molufj^`fÑk•^•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•crb•Fsv•Iba_bqqbo•Ibb)•rk•
^kqfdrl•mboflafpq^•ab•kbdl`flp•abi•F\n Qfib L`d\j)•bi•F\n Qfib Ofic[•v•bi•F\n Qfib 9d\ä
i`ZXe)•BjmbwÑ•`ljl•mr_if`fpq^)• mbol•molkql•pr•^`qfsfa^a•`ob`fÑ•e^pq^•pbo•`lkpfabo^al•bi•
mofjbo•`lkpbgbol•ab•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p+
@r^kal•Ibb•^_ofÑ•pr•mofjbo^•cfoj^•ab•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p)•M^ohbo•^ka•Ibb)•bk•.6-2)•
efwl•rk^•ab`i^o^`fÑk•ab•mofk`fmflp•nrb•bpq^_ib`Å^•rk•krbsl•jlabil•m^o^•i^•mo|`qf`^•ab•i^p•
obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p7•fkcloj^`fÑk•mÖ_if`^+• Ibb•mlkÅ^•bi•^`bkql•bk•i^•afcrpfÑk•ab•fkcloj^ü
`fÑk•sboa^abo^•v •mob`fp^•bk•sbw•ab•fkcloj^`fÑk•afpqlopflk^a^)•Ypg\ p •bu^dbo^a^+
Rkl• ab•prp• mofjbolp•`ifbkqbp•crb•i^• Mbkkpvis^kf^• O^fiol^a• @ljm^kv)• nrb•ib•`lkü
qo^qÑ•`ljl• ë^pbplo•ab•glYc`Z`kpÑ•m^o^• afofdfo•i^p• obi^`flkbp•`lk• i^• mobkp^+• Pr• mofjbo^•
q^ob^• `lkpfpqfÑ• bk•`lksbk`bo•^• i^• afob``fÑk• ab•nrb•i^• mliÅqf`^• ab•^`qr^o•bk•pb`obql• v•
kbd^opb•^•e^_i^o•`lk•i^•mobkp^)• qÅmf`^•ab•jr`e^p•do^kabp•bjmobp^p•ab•i^•Äml`^)•bo^•rk^•
mÄpfj^•bpqo^qbdf^•m^o^• ildo^o•rk^•_rbk^•lmfkfÑk•mÖ_if`^• v•i^• `ljmobkpfÑk•abi•mÖ_if`l+•
@r^kal•pb•molargl•bi•pfdrfbkqb•^``fabkqb•cboolsf^ofl)• Ibb•lcob`fÑ•^•i^•mobkp^•fkpq^i^`flü
kbp)•afsridÑ•qla^•i^•fkcloj^`fÑk•afpmlkf_ib•v•mbojfqfÑ•^•ilp•mboflafpq^p• nrb•sfpfq^o^k•i^•
bp`bk^•abi•abp^pqob+•>rknrb•bpq^•^``fÑk•crb•`lkpfabo^a^•mlo•ilp•`lkpbos^alobp•afob`qlobp•
abi•cbool`^oofi•`ljl•rk^•fkafp`ob`fÑk•fjmboalk^_ib)• mlpqboflojbkqb•ob`lkl`fbolk• nrb•
i^•`ljm^ÉÅ^•e^_Å^•ob`f_fal•`ljbkq^oflp•mboflaÅpqf`lp•j|p•grpqlp•nrb•ilp•ob`f_falp•e^pq^•
bkqlk`bp•bk•l`^pflkbp•^k|ild^p+
Kl•m^pÑ•jr`el•qfbjml•^kqbp•ab•nrb•i^p•abj|p•`ljm^ÉÅ^p•cboolsf^of^p•^almq^o^k•rk^•
mliÅqf`^•ab•fkcloj^`fÑk•j|p•^_fboq^+•Bk•.6./)•Ibb•pb•e^_Å^•`lksboqfal•bk•bi•^pfpqbkqb•bgbü
`rqfsl•abi• mobpfabkqb•ab•i^•Mbkkpvis^kf^•O^fiol^a•@ljm^kv)• il•nrb•P`lqq•@rqifm)•bk•pr•
efpqlof^•ab•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p)• ii^jÑ•ëbi•mofjbo•`^pl•`lkl`fal•ab•rk•molcbpflk^i•ab•
i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•bk•rk•mrbpql•ab•^iql•kfsbií+
Rkl•ab•ilp•j^vlobp•ildolp•ab•Ibb•pb•molargl•bk• .6.0*.6.1)•`lk•i^•`^jm^É^•pl_ob•
i^•pr_fa^•abi•mob`fl•abi•qo^kpmloqb•bk•ilp•cbool`^oofibp+• I^•`ljm^ÉÅ^•Mbkkpvis^kf^• O^fiü
ol^a)•qo^p•^Élp•ab•^rjbkq^o•d^pqlp)•kb`bpfq^_^•pr_fo•rk•2• "•bi•mob`fl•ab•prp•qo^kpmloqbp•
m^o^• j^kqbkbopb•bk• bi•kbdl`fl)• mbol•e^_Å^• rk^• `lkpfabo^_ib• lmlpf`fÑk• mlo•m^oqb•ab•i^•
lmfkfÑk•mÖ_if`^•v •rk^•@ljfpfÑk•ab•@ljbo`fl•Fkqbobpq^q^i•_^pq^kqb•bp`Ämqf`^+• Ibb•`obÅ^•
nrb•q^kql•bi•mÖ_if`l•`ljl•i^•@ljfpfÑk•bkqbkaboÅ^k•i^•pr_fa^•ab•mob`flp•pf•pb•ibp•molmloü
`flk^_^•i^•fkcloj^`fÑk•mob`fp^•v•pb•ibp•e^`Å^•`lkp`fbkqbp•ab•i^•pfqr^`fÑk+

 


; X g `kl cX • + • I^•bslir`fÑk•ab•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p

?roqlk• Pq+•Glek•EF)• bk•rk•^oqÅ`ril•ab•i^• HlYc`Z J\cXk`fej J \m`\n )•`rbkq^•`Ñjl•`lkü


argl•Ibb•i^• `^jm^É^+• Kl•plil•afpqof_rvÑ•fkcloj^`fÑk•^•i^• mobkp^•pl_ob• i^•pfqr^`fÑk• ab•
ilp•cbool`^oofibp•pfkl•nrb)•^abj|p)•v•oljmfbkal•`lk•i^•qo^af`fÑk•ab•i^p•mo|`qf`^p•ab•glYc`ä
Z`kp•nrb•fjmbo^_^k•e^pq^•bkqlk`bp)•fabkqfcf`Ñ•i^p•crbkqbp•ab•fkcloj^`fÑk+•AbpmrÄp•ab•`^a^•
^rafbk`f^• `lk• i^• `ljfpfÑk)• Ibb•afpqof_rÅ^• bi• qbpqfjlkfl•ab•i^• `ljm^ÉÅ^• cboolsf^of^• ^• i^•
mobkp^)•ilp•bjmib^alp•abi•cbool`^oofi)•ib`qlobp)•`lkdobpfpq^p)•ibdfpi^alobp•bpq^q^ibp)•ob`qlü
obp•ab•rkfsbopfa^a•v•afob`qlobp•ab•`libdflp•rkfsbopfq^oflp)•v •lqolp•iÅabobp•ab•lmfkfÑk•`ljl•
bi•`ibol+•Lqo^p•ab•prp•qÄ`kf`^p•crbolk•ilp•cliibqlp•v •_libqfkbp•m^o^•ilp•rpr^oflp•abi•cbool`^ü
oofi•v•ilp•iÅabobp•ab•lmfkfÑk)•rk^•lcf`fk^•ab•lo^alobp•v •i^•obfjmobpfÑk•ab•afp`roplp+
I^•`^jm^É^•afl•prp•corqlp+• I^•lmlpf`fÑk•ab•i^•lmfkfÑk•mÖ_if`^•ab`^vÑ•v•i^p•`|j^o^p•
ab•`ljbo`fl•ab•qlal•bi•m^Åp•_lj_^oab^olk•^•i^•@ljfpfÑk•`lk•obplir`flkbp•nrb•^mlv^_^k•
^•i^• `ljm^ÉÅ^•cboolsf^of^+• I^• `ljfpfÑk)• cfk^ijbkqb)• ^mol_Ñ•i^• pr_fa^• abi• 2•"+• Pq+Glek•
`lk`irvb)•ëi^•`^jm^É^•ab•molm^d^ka^•ab•Ibb•bp•bi•mrkql•ab•obcbobk`f^•bk•i^•efpqlof^•ab•
i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^pí+
Ibb•^pbploÑ•^•rk^•pbofb•ab•bjmobp^p•v•lod^kfw^`flkbp•ab•_bkbcf`bk`f^•^•il•i^odl•ab•
pr•sfa^)•mbol•pr•qo^_^gl•j|p•`lkl`fal•crb•bi•nrb•ob^ifwÑ•m^o^•i^•c^jfif^•Ol`hbcbiibo+• Bk•
.6.1)•Glek• A+• Ol`hbcbiibo)•Go+• `lkqo^qÑ• ^• Ibb•^i• fkf`fl• ab•rklp• p^kdofbkqlp• pr`bplp• ^•
c^slo•ab•rk^•erbid^)•`lkl`falp•`ljl•i^•j^p^`ob•ab•Irailt)• bk•i^•c|_of`^•ab•i^•c^jfif^•
Ol`hbcbiibo•ab•i^• @lilo^al•Crbi• ^ka•Folk• @ljm^kv+• Ibb•crb•^• @lilo^al•m^o^• abp`rü
_ofo•il•nrb•e^_Å^•m^p^al•%fksbpqfd^`fÑk&•v•e^_i^o•`lk•i^p•alp•m^oqbp+• Pb•mbo`^qÑ•ab•nrb•
ilp•iÅabobp•ab•ilp•qo^_^g^alobp•bpq^_^k•`lkpfdrfbkal•afsrid^o•pr•mrkql•ab•sfpq^•^i•e^_i^o•
if_objbkqb•`lk•ilp•jbaflp•ab•`ljrkf`^`fÑk)•mbol•nrb•ilp•bgb`rqfslp•ab•i^•bjmobp^•`^ii^ü
_^k•v• bo^k•fk^``bpf_ibp+• Bi• obpriq^al)• mlo•prmrbpql)• bo^• rk^• fkdbkqb•`l_boqro^•fkcloü
j^qfs^• kbd^qfs^•v •`oÅqf`^p•abi• mÖ_if`l•afofdfa^p• ^• i^•c^jfif^• Ol`hbcbiibo•v •^• i^• bjmobp^•
@C#F+
Ibb•molmrpl•rk^•pbofb•ab•_libqfkbp•fkcloj^qfslp•ab•i^•afob``fÑk•nrb•pb•afpqof_rvbo^k•
^•ilp• iÅabobp• ab•lmfkfÑk• ab•@lilo^al•v •ab•qlal•bi• m^Åp+•Bpqlp• fjmobplp•bpq^_^k• afpbÉ^ü
alp• m^o^•afsrid^o•jbafq^a^p•obcibuflkbp•pl_ob•afsbop^p•`rbpqflkbp•obi^qfs^p•^•i^•jfkboÅ^)•
i^•molar``fÑk•v •bi•qo^_^gl+• Bk•qlq^i)•pb•molargbolk• .6•_libqfkbp•bk•rk•mboÅlal•ab•s^oflp•
jbpbp•v •pb•bksf^olk• mlo•`loobl•^• rk^p• .6+---•afob``flkbp+• Fk`irpl•bk•bpq^• Äml`^• qbjü
mo^k^)•Ibb•`lkl`Å^•bi•s^ilo•ab•iibd^o•afob`q^jbkqb•^•ilp•iÅabobp•ab•lmfkfÑk•nrb)•^•pr•sbw)•
qbkÅ^k•rk^•do^k•fkcirbk`f^•m^o^•`lkcloj^o•i^•lmfkfÑk•v•bi•ab_^qb•mÖ_if`lp+
Ibb•lod^kfwÑ• rk^•pbofb•ab•^`qfsfa^abp• ab•obi^`flkbp• mÖ_if`^p• bk• klj_ob• ab•@C#F•
aro^kqb• .6.1•v• .6.2)•v•iibdÑ•fk`irpl•^•`lksbk`bo•^i• dl_bok^alo•ab•@lilo^al•m^o^• nrb•
bp`of_fbo^•rk•^oqÅ`ril•^•c^slo•ab•i^•mlpf`fÑk•^almq^a^•mlo•i^•bjmobp^+• Ibb•q^j_fÄk•mboü
pr^afÑ•^•Ol`hbcbiibo•m^o^•nrb•sfpfq^o^•i^•c|_of`^•v•e^_i^o^•`lk•ilp•jfkbolp•v •prp•c^jfif^p+•
Ibb•pb•^pbdroÑ•ab•nrb•i^•mobkp^•bpqrsfbo^•^iiÅ•m^o^•qlj^o•klq^•ab•i^•`ljfa^•ab•Ol`hbcbü
iibo•`lk•ilp•qo^_^g^alobp•bk•bi•`ljbalo)•ab•`Ñjl•mf`^_^•bk•i^•jfk^•v •ab•`Ñjl•pb•qlj^_^•
rk^•`bosbw^• `lk• ilp• jfkbolp• qo^p• bi• qo^_^gl+• I^• mobkp^• nrbaÑ• bk`^kq^a^+• Pb•jlpqoÑ• ^•
Ol`hbcbiibo•mobl`rm^al•mlo•i^p•afcf`riq^abp• nrb•^qo^sbp^_^k•prp•qo^_^g^alobp•v •i^•sfpfq^•
qrsl•`ljl•obpriq^al•rk•`^j_fl•ab•mliÅqf`^•v •j|p•mobpq^`flkbp•m^o^•ilp•qo^_^g^alobp+•Mlo•
prmrbpql)• qla^p•bpq^p•^`qfsfa^abp•q^j_fÄk•ildo^olk•bsfq^o•nrb•bi•pfkaf`^ql•Rkfqba•Jfkb•
Tlohbop•pb•^cf^kw^o^•bk•prp•mlpf`flkbp+
Ibb•pfdrfÑ•^pbplo^kal•^•i^•c^jfif^•Ol`hbcbiibo•v •^•prp•afsbop^p•bjmobp^p)• mbol•q^jü
_fÄk• ^pbploÑ• ^• lqolp• `ifbkqbp+• Mlo•bgbjmil)• ^pbploÑ• ^• i^•>jbof`^k•Ql_^``l• @ljm^kv•
m^o^•nrb•fkf`f^o^•rk•mi^k•m^o^•`ljm^oqfo•_bkbcf`flp)•^•i^•Mbkkpvis^kf^•O^fiol^a•m^o^•nrb•
fksfoqfbo^•bk•i^•obe^_fifq^`fÑk•ab•prp•bpq^`flkbp)•^•i^•fkarpqof^•abi•`fkb•m^o^•nrb•abg^o^•ab•
^rjbkq^o•ilp•mobprmrbpqlp•ab•mr_if`fa^a•v •^•i^•`ljm^ÉÅ^•ab•jbqol•ab•Krbs^•Vloh•m^o^•
moljl`flk^o•s^of^p• ab•prp• bpq^`flkbp)• `ljl• i^• abi• Jrpbl• ab•Efpqlof^• K^qro^i)• `ljl•
j^kbo^•ab•fk`objbkq^o•bi•kÖjbol•ab•rpr^oflp+

 


H X i k \ • *• Jfc

Bk•i^•^`qr^ifa^a•pb•ib•ob`rboa^•mlo•prp•`r^qol•fjmloq^kqbp•`lkqof_r`flkbp•^•i^p•obi^ü
`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p7•%.&•^s^kw^o•i^•fab^• ab•nrb•i^p•bjmobp^p•v •bi•pb`qlo•ab_bk•^if^opb•`lk•bi•
fkqboÄp• mÖ_if`l)• %/&•obi^`flk^opb•`lk• ilp• ^iqlp• bgb`rqfslp• v•kl•fkf`f^o•kfkdÖk•moldo^j^•
p^isl•nrb•pb•qbkd^• bi• obpm^ial•^`qfsl• ab•i^• afob``fÑk)• %0&•j^kqbkbo•rk^•`ljrkf`^`fÑk•
^_fboq^• `lk• ilp• jbaflp• ab•`ljrkf`^`fÑk)•v •%1&• abpq^`^o•i^• kb`bpfa^a• ab•erj^kfw^o•ilp•
kbdl`flp•v •iibs^o•prp•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•^i•|j_fql•ab•i^•`ljrkfa^a•ab•bjmib^alp)•`lkü
prjfalobp•v•sb`fklp+

=YlVgY•D(•:ZgcVnh4•eVYgZ•YZ•aVh•gZaVX^dcZh•e{Wa^XVh•
bdYZgcVh
Bi•jlabil• ab•fkcloj^`fÑk• mÖ_if`^• ab•Ibb•pb•rp^• qla^sÅ^)• mbol•rk^• krbs^• ^molufj^ü
`fÑk•^• i^• mo|`qf`^• ab•i^p• obi^`flkbp• mÖ_if`^p)• nrb•a^q^• ab• .6/-)•bkc^qfw^• bi•`lk`bmql• ab•
ëmbopr^pfÑk•`fbkqÅcf`^í+• Rkl• ab•ilp• moljlqlobp• ab• bpqb•`lkü
`bmql•crb•Bat^oa•I+•?bok^vp)•nrfbk)•do^`f^p•^•_ofii^kqbp•`^jm^ü
É^p• v•^jmif^• moljl`fÑk• mboplk^i)•pb•`lksfoqfÑ•bk•bi• ëm^aob•ab•
i^p•obi^`flkbp• mÖ_if`^p• jlabok^pí•`r^kal•jrofÑ•bk• .662)• ^• i^•
ba^a•ab• .-0• ^Élp+
?bok^vp)• pl_ofkl• ab•Pfdjrka•Cobra)• `lk`bmqrÑ•rk• qbo`bo•
jlabil• ab•obi^`flkbp• mÖ_if`^p• nrb•mlkÅ^• bi• Äkc^pfp• bk•i^• ^mifü
`^`fÑk• ab• i^• fksbpqfd^`fÑk• ab•i^p• `fbk`f^p• pl`f^ibp•v •bk•i^• mpfü
`lildÅ^• `lkar`qfpq^• m^o^• clojri^o• `^jm^É^p• v • jbkp^gbp• nrb•
mrafbo^k•`^j_f^o•i^p•mbo`bm`flkbp•ab•i^•dbkqb•v•cljbkq^o•abqboü
jfk^alp•`ljmloq^jfbkqlp+• >•afcbobk`f^• abi• jlabil•ab•fkcloü
j^`fÑk•mÖ_if`^•ab•Ibb)•nrb•mlkÅ^•bi•^`bkql•bk•i^•afsrid^`fÑk•ab•
fkcloj^`flkbp•mob`fp^p)•bi•jlabil•ab•?bok^vp•bo^)•crka^jbkq^iü
jbkqb)•rk•jlabil•ab•abcbkp^•v •ab•mbopr^pfÑk•`fbkqÅcf`^+•Fk`irÅ^•
i^•bp`r`e^•^`qfs^•ab•ilp•mÖ_if`lp)• mbol•molmlkÅ^•i^•ob`bm`fÑk•ab•
obqol^ifjbkq^`fÑk• m^o^•clojri^o•rk• jbglo•jbkp^gb•mbopr^pfsl+•
G^jbp• Dorkfd)• ab•i^•Rkfsbopfa^a•ab•J^ovi^ka)• rk• fjmloq^kqb•
qbÑof`l•ab•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p)• il•e^•abkljfk^al•bi•jlabil•
^pfjÄqof`l•_fafob``flk^i)•rkl•ab•ilp•`r^qol•jlabilp•`i|pf`lp•nrb•
pb•jrbpqo^k•bk•i^•m|dfk^• 22+
?bok^vp• pb• `lksfoqfÑ• bk• rk• fjmloq^kqb• mloq^slw• ab• i^p•
ëkrbs^pí•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•`lk•pr•if_ol•;i`jkXc`qXe[f cX fg`ä
e`ze g{Yc`ZX)• mr_if`^al• bk• .6/0+• Bk• pr• mofjbo^• co^pb• ^krkü
Cbu _pb•J,•@ cpl _wq
`f^_^7• ë>i• bp`of_fo• bpqb• if_ol• eb• fkqbkq^al• bpq^_ib`bo• ilp•
mofk`fmflp•dbkbo^ibp•nrb•dl_fbok^k•i^•krbs^•molcbpfÑk•bk•^pbü
Cqr_•dgesp_•jceclb_pg_•bc•j_q•pcj_agmlcq•ná`jga_q•
ploÅ^•bk•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^pí+•Bk•i^p• pfdrfbkqbp• m|dfk^p)• ?boü
rstm•sl_•a_ppcp_•`pgjj_lrc•_•jm•j_pem•bc•rpcq•
as_prmq•bc•qgejm9•kspgÜ•_•jmq•/.1•_Ömq*•cl• /773,
k^vp• abpq^`^_^• bi• ^i`^k`b)•i^• crk`fÑk)• ilp• jÄqlalp)• qÄ`kf`^p•
Qc• jc•jjceÜ•_•amlmacp•amkm•ícj•n_bpc•bc•j_q• v•obpmlkp^_fifa^a• pl`f^i• ab•rk•Xj\jfi \e i\cXZ`fe\j g{Yc`ZXj)• rk•
pcj_agmlcq•ná`jga_q•kmbcpl_qì, qÄojfkl• nrb• pb• `lksboqfoÅ^• bk• bi• kÖ`ibl• ab• i^• mo|`qf`^• ab• i^•
VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV p
molcbpfÑk+
Bi• if_ol)• mr_if`^al•rk• ^Él•abpmrÄp•abi• _ofii^kqb•qo^q^al•ab•
T^iqbo•Ifmmj^kk•pl_ob•i^•lmfkfÑk•mÖ_if`^• $DX fg`e`ze g{Yc`ZX&)•
^qo^gl•jr`e^•^qbk`fÑk•v•?bok^vp•crb•fksfq^al•mlo•i^•Rkfsbopfa^a•ab•Krbs^•Vloh•^•lcobü
`bo•bi•mofjbo•`ropl•ab•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•ab•i^•efpqlof^•ab•Bpq^alp•Rkfalp+• ?bok^vp)• bk•
a•qo^kp`ropl•ab•pr•i^od^•`^oobo^)• qrsl•jr`e^p•`^jm^É^p•ab•Äufql•nrb•pb•e^k•`lksboqfal•
bk•a|pf`^p+• Eb•^nrÅ•rk^•jrbpqo^7

 


; X g `kl cX • + • I^•bslir`fÑk•ab•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p

s• 6U•SJKhW•>J[ORU%•Mol`qbo•#•D ^j_ib•sbkafÑ•jfiilkbp•ab•rkfa^abp•ab•pr•g^_Ñk•J ^oü


cfi•`r^kal•?bj^vp•qrsl•i^•fab^•ab•m^qol`fk^o•rk•`lk`ropl•ab•bp`riqro^p•ab•g^_Ñk•
m^o^• kfÉlp• bk• ba^a•bp`li^o+• Bk•bi• mofjbo•^Él•m^oqf`fm^olk• //• jfiilkbp• ab•kfÉlp•
bk• bi• `lk`ropl)• nrb•mboaroÑ• aro^kqb• 02• ^Élp+• Bi• cliibql•ab•?bok^vp)• `lk• qor`lp•
m^o^•e^`bo•bp`riqro^p•`lk•g^_Ñk)•v•nrb•crb•afpqof_rfal•^•jfiilkbp•ab•kfÉlp•bk•prp•
bp`rbi^p)• ^`lkpbg^_^• nrb•pb•rqfifw^o^k• ëilp• jlabilp• abp`^oq^alp• m^o^• i^•`^o^)• i^p•
j^klp•v •bi•_^Élí+
s• m2W]X[LQJ\• MN• =RKN[]JMn%• Aro^kqb• ilp• cbif`bp• ^Élp• /-)• ?bj^vp• crb• `lkqo^ü
q^al•mlo•i^•>jbof`^k•Ql_^``l•@ljm^kv•m^o^•iibd^o•^i•mÖ_if`l•cbjbkfkl•v•^`^ü
_^o•`lk• bi• q^_Ö• nrb• fjmbaÅ^• ^• i^p• jrgbobp• crj^o•bk•mÖ_if`l+• Pr• plir`fÑk•crb•
e^`bo•abpcfi^o• ^• jrgbobp• _biiÅpfj^p)• bk•bi• abpcfib•ab• Pbj^k^• P^kq^)• bk•Krbs^•
Qfib'•qla^p• bii^p• `lk•rk•`fd^oofiil• bk`bkafal•v •rk•`^oqbi•nrb•mlkÅ^• ëbpql• bp• i^•
^kqlo`e^• ab•i^• if_boq^aí+•>pÅ)•e^`fbkal•abi•q^_^`l•rk•pÅj_lil•ab•if_bo^`fÑk)• i^•
sbkq^• ab•`fd^oofiilp• ^•jrgbobp•pr_fÑ•`ljl• i^•bpmrj^+• J|p•q^oab)• ?bj^vp)• afgl•
nrb•pf• er_fbo^• `lkl`fal• ilp• mbifdolp• abi• q^_^`l• kl• er_fbo^• ^`bmq^al• e^`bo•i^•
`^jm^É^+
s• 6U•S^KRUNX•MX[JMX•MN•UJ•U^c%•M^o^•`bib_o^o•bi•2-•^kfsbop^ofl•abi•fksbkql•ab•Qelj^p•
Bafplk)•i^•_lj_fii^•biÄ`qof`^)•?bj^vp•ildoÑ•ii^j^o•i^•^qbk`fÑk•ab•qlal•bi•jrkal•
`lk• bi•Gr_fibl•Alo^al•ab•i^•Irw•bk• .6/6+• Crb•fab^•prv^)•mlo•bgbjmil)• nrb•qla^p•
i^p• bjmobp^p• prjfkfpqo^alo^p• ab•bib`qof`fa^a• abi• jrkal•`loq^o^k• i^• bib`qof`fa^a•
^i•jfpjl•qfbjml)• aro^kqb•rk•jfkrql)•bk•elklo•^•Bafplk+• Bi•mobpfabkqb•Ebo_boq•
Ellsbo•v •jr`elp• lqolp•afdk^q^oflp•^pfpqfbolk•^i• bsbkql)•v•bi• pbosf`fl•ab•`looblp•
bpq^alrkfabkpb•bjfqfÑ•pbiilp•`lkjbjlo^qfslp• ab•alp•`bkq^slp+• ?fii•Jlvbop)• bk•
rk^• bkqobsfpq^• ^• ?^j^vp• bk• .651)• ib•afgl7• ëP^_b•rpqba)• `lkpfdrfÑ•nrb•Qelj^p•
Bafplk)• Ebkov•Cloa)•Ebo_boq•Ellsbo•v•jfiilkbp•ab•kloqb^jbof`^klp•ef`fbo^k•il•
nrb•rpqba•nrboÅ^•nrb•ef`fbpbk•v •`lkpfdrfÑ•nrb•bi•jrkal•bkqbol•^m^d^o^•i^p•ir`bp•
^i•jfpjl•qfbjml+•Bpl•kl•bp•fkcirbk`f^)•bp•mlaboí+• ?bj^vp•obpmlkafÑ)•ëmbol)•p^_b•
rpqba)•vl•krk`^•il•`lkpfaboÄ•mlabo+•Krk`^•il•qo^qÄ•`ljl•pf•crbo^•mlabo+•I^•dbkqb•
pb•abg^•iibs^o•^•alkab•nrfbob•nrb•i^•iibsbkí+
Bi•mboflafpq^•I^oov•Qvb•e^•abpq^`^al•rk^•pbofb•ab•`^jm^É^p•ob^ifw^a^p• mlo•?bj^vp•
^ f•pr• if_ol• L_\ >Xk_\i f ] Kg`e5 =[nXi[ D) : \d Xpj Xe[ k_\ :`ik_ f ] HlYc`Z J\cXk`fej)•Qvb•
`lkpfabo^• nrb•?bj^vp• qbkÅ^• rk• mi^kqb^jfbkql•Ökf`l•m^o^• obplisbo•mol_ibj^p+• Bk•sbw•
ab•mbkp^o•mofjbol•bk•qÄ`kf`^p)• ?bj^vp•pfbjmob•mbkp^_^•bk•i^•ëfab^•dbkbo^ií•ab•`Ñjl•
jlqfs^o•^•i^•dbkqb+•Mlo•bgbjmil)•i^•fkarpqof^•abi•_bf`lk•nrboÅ^•moljl`flk^o•pr•molar`ql)•
mlo•il•nrb•?bj^vp•qrsl•i^•fab^•ab•nrb•jÄaf`lp• ab•qlal•Bpq^alp•Rkfalp•obpm^ia^o^k•i^•
fab^•ab•abp^vrk^o•crboqb+•Kl•pb•jbk`flk^_^•bi•_bf`lk•bk•jlal•^idrkl)• mbol•i^p•sbkq^p•
pb•afpm^o^olk•`r^kal•i^• dbkqb•^`bmqÑ•bi•`lkpbgl•v•bjmbwÑ•^•qlj^o•bi• qo^af`flk^i• abp^ü
vrkl•ab•erbslp•`lk•_bf`lk+
?bj^vp)• ^• il•i^odl• ab•pr• i^od^•sfa^)• bp`of_fÑ• `lkpq^kqbjbkqb•pl_ob•i^p• obi^`flkbp•
mÖ_if`^p•v•pr•obpmlkp^_fifa^a•Äqf`^•ìiibdÑ•fk`irpl•^• abcbkabo•nrb•ilp• ^pbplobp• bk• obi^ü
`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•pb•^`obafq^pbkì+•Rk•efpqlof^alo•il•abp`of_fÑ•`ljl•ëbi•mofjbo•iÅabo•fablü
iÑdf`l)•pfk•ara^•^idrk^)•ab•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^pí+
>rknrb•crb•klj_o^al•bk• .66-•mlo•i^•obsfpq^•D`]\•`ljl•rkl•ab•ilp•`fbk•bpq^alrkfü
abkpbp•j|p•fjmloq^kqbp•abi•pfdil•UU)•e^v•nrb•pbÉ^i^o•nrb•qrsl•^•rk^•mlabolp^•pl`f^•bk•i^•
mboplk^•ab•pr•jrgbo)•Alofp•B+•Cibfp`ej^k)•nrb•bo^•rk^•bp`ofqlo^•ab•do^k•q^ibkql)•rk^•cboü
sfbkqb•cbjfkfpq^•v•i^•^kqfdr^•bafqlo^•aljfkf`^i•abi•F\n Qfib Li`Yle\)•Cibfpej^k•crb•rk^•
`li^_lo^alo^•^•m^oqbp•fdr^ibp•bk•bi•qo^_^gl•ab•i^•`lkpriqlo^•ab•?bj^vp)•bkqobsfpq^kal•^•
`ifbkqbp)•oba^`q^kal•`ljrkf`^alp•ab•mobkp^)•bafq^kal•obsfpq^p•ab•bjmobp^•v •oba^`q^kal•
v •bafq^kal•if_olp•v•^oqÅ`rilp•m^o^•obsfpq^p+

 


H X i k \ • *• Jfc

/O HM TRDEDLP
9 / : ' 9 / . < 2> , '
_>@H_Hi•A•A9P(H
Jmq•mpÉeclcq•bc•j_q•pcj_agmlcq•ná`jga_q•cl• Cqn_Ö_
j• a_qm• cqn_Ömj• lm• bch_• bc• qcp• npgkcp•bcn_pr_kclrm• bc• pcj_agmlcq• _qmag_agmlcq*•apc~lbmqc•_qÉ•cj•ACLCPN•

= aspgmqm,•?•bgdcpclag_•bc•ksafmq•
n_Éqcq• cspmncmq*• Cqn_Ö_• bgqã
nmlc• bcqbc• j_• bÅa_b_• bc• /75.• bc•
ná`jga_q•qc•apc_•cl•/736•cl•j_•_eclag_•
Ns`jgagb_b• B_lgq•&cl•j_•osc•rp_`_h_`_•
K_cqrpc',•Cl•cqmq•_Ömq•w*•cl•cqncag_j*•
@_pacjml_,
Cl• j_• _ars_jgb_b*• cj• _qmag_agm+•
lgqkm• npmdcqgml_j• f_• bcq_n_pcagbm•
slmq•cqrsbgmq•slgtcpqgr_pgmq•&fmw•ep_ã cl• j_• nmqrcpgmp• bÅa_b_• bc• /74.*• qc• w•qmjm• cvgqrcl•amjcegmq•npmdcqgml_jcq•
bmq*•_lrcq•jgaclag_rsp_q'•osc*•cl•a_kã ckngcx_•_•qclrgp•j_•lcacqgb_b•bc•pcj_ã cl•_jesl_q•amkslgb_bcq•_srÜlmk_q*•
`gm*•lm•n_pcacl• f_`cpqc•rp_bsagbm•cl• agmlcq•ná`jga_q•cl•bgtcpq_q•cknpcq_q• amkm•A_r_jsÖ_*•@_jc_pcq•w•j_•Amkslgã
sl_•amlqmjgb_agÜl• w• pcamlmagkgclrm• c•glqrgrsagmlcq,•N_p_•jjcl_p•cqrc•t_aÉm*• b_b•T_jclag_l_*•bmlbc• jmq• npmdcqgmã
npmdcqgml_jcq•_ampbcq• aml• cqr_• amlã cl• /74.• l_ac• j_• npgkcp_• amlqsjrmp_• l_jcq•bc•j_q•pcj_agmlcq•ná`jga_q•cqr~l•
qmjgb_agÜl• slgtcpqgr_pg_,• Nmp• amlqgã cqn_Ömj_•bcbga_b_•cvajsqgt_kclrc•_• bgqckgl_bmq•aml•qsq•amjce_q•ns`jgagã
esgclrc*• f_`j_p• bc• sl_• fgqrmpg_• bc• cqrc•qcl-gagm*•Q?C•bc•Pcj_agmlcq•Ná`jgã r_pgmq*•nscq•jmq•amjcegmq•_amecl• `_hm•
j_q• pcj_agmlcq• ná`jga_q• cl• Cqn_Ö_• cq• a_q• bc• @_pacjml_,•Qsq• qmagmq•dslb_ã sl• kgqkm•rcafm• npmdcqgml_j•_•_k`mq•
rmb_tÉ_• npck_rspm*•nscq•cl• pc_jgb_b*• bmpcq*•Hm_osÉl• K_cqrpc•w•Hs_l•TgÖ_q*• qcarmpcq,
fgqrmpg_*• jm•osc• qc•bgac•ífgqrmpg_ì*• lm• glgag_l• sl_• lmr_`jc• j_`mp•bc•_qcqmã Fmw*• qgl• ck`_pem*• j_q• pcj_agmlcq•
cvgqrc*•w_•osc•j_• npmdcqgÜl*• npgkcpm*•w• p_•kgclrm• n_p_• t_pg_q•mpe_lgx_agmlcq*• ná`jga_q•amkm• npmdcqgÜl• cqr~l• `gcl•
j_•clqcÖ_lx_*•bcqnsÅq*•nclcrp_pml•cl• ná`jga_q•w• npgt_b_q,• Cl• K_bpgb*• `_hm• _qclr_b_q*•_slosc•pcgl_•j_•amldsqgÜl*•
/733•&bc•j_•k_lm•bc•Hm_osÉl•K_cqrpc'• cj• rÉrsjm• bc• íamlqchcpm• bc• pcj_agmã as_lbm•lm•cj•bcqamlmagkgclrm*•qm`pc•
w•cl• /745• &bc•j_• k_lm•bc•Hmpec•Vgdp_• lcq• ná`jga_qì*•cqr_`_• rp_`_h_lbm• sl• qs•tcpb_bcp_•dslagÜl,
Fcp_q'*•pcqncargt_kclrc, gpj_lbÅq*•osc•bcqbc•_Ömq•p_bga_`_•cl• Cl• as_lrm•_• j_•dmpk_agÜl• cl• pcj_ã
Cj• bcq_ppmjjm•camlÜkgam+qmag_j• bc• Cqn_Ö_*• Pgaf_pb• Hcllcp*•osc•rclÉ_• j_• agmlcq• ná`jga_q*•dsc•cl• /745•as_lbm•
Cqn_Ö_• dsc• cj• npglagn_j• k mrgtm• bc• pcnpcqclr_agÜl•bc•_jesl_q•amlqsjrmã cj•npmdcqmp•rgrsj_p•bc•bcpcafm•nmjÉrgam*•
glrpmbsaagÜl•bc• j_q• pcj_agmlcq• ná`jgã p_q•cqr_bmslgbclqcq, Hmpec• Vgdp_• Fcp_q*• dslbÜ• j_• Cqascj_•
a_q•cl•cj• n_Éq*•ep_ag_q•_• jmq•amlr_armq• Cl• /74/*•cqrmq•npmdcqgml_jcq•bcagã Qsncpgmp•bc•Pcj_agmlcq•Ná`jga_q*•_bqã
bcj• qcarmp•cknpcq_pg_j• aml• cj• cvrcã bgcpml• _epsn_pqc•w•dslb_p• j_•?qmag_ã apgr_•_• j_• Slgtcpqgb_b•bc•@_pacjml_*•w•
pgmp,• ?lrc• jmq• lsctmq• npm`jck_q• bc• agÜl•RÅalga_• bc• Pcj_agmlcq• Ná`jga_q*• npgkcp•aclrpm•cspmncm•cl•mdpcacp•sl•
mnglgÜl*• gldmpk_agÜl• c• gk_ecl• glqã osc• rstm• ampr_• tgb_• nmp• j_• cqa_qcx• rÉrsjm• mdgag_j•cl• pcj_agmlcq• ná`jga_q•_•
rgrsagml_j• w• j_• lcacqgb_b• bc• apc_p•w• bc• npmdcqgml_jcq• w*• cl• /743*• qc• glgã n_prgp•bc• /747• &Mpbcl• Kglgqrcpg_j• bcj•
k _lrclcp• pcj_agmlcq• bc• amldg_lx_• ag_pml• bmq• kmtgkgclrmq•_qmag_rgtmq*• K glgqrcpgm• bc• Cbsa_agÜl• w• Agclag_•
aml•jmq•bgqrglrmq•ná`jgamq*•dscpml•qspã slm• cl• K_bpgb• w•mrpm• cl• @_pacjml_,• bc•06•bc•hsjgm•bc•/747',•Cl• j_•_ars_jgã
egclbm•bcn_pr_kclrmq•w•qcptgagmq•bc• ?qÉ*• cl• @_pacjml_• qc• dslbÜ• j_• ?epsã b_b*•j_•Cqascj_•Qsncpgmp•bc•Pcj_agmlcq•
pcj_agmlcq•ná`jga_q•r_lrm•cl•cj•~k`grm• n_agÜl• bc• Pcj_agmlcq• Ná`jga_q•w*•cl• Ná`jga_q•mdpcac•cj•Ep_bm•cl•Ns`jgagb_b•
npgt_bm•amkm•cl•cj•ná`jgam, K_bpgb*•cj•Aclrpm•Cqn_Ömj•bc•Pcj_agmã w•Pcj_agmlcq•Ná`jga_q•osc*•cl•j_•k_wmã
J_q• npgkcp_q• a_kn_Ö_q• bc• pcj_ã lcq• Ná`jga_q• &ACLCPN9• npcqgbgbm• nmp• pÉ_•bc•slgtcpqgb_bcq*•f_•qsqrgrsgbm•_•j_•
agmlcq*•_qÉ•jj_k_b_q•w_*•_n_pcacl• cl• P_d_cj• ?lqÜl',• J_•hslr_• bgpcargt_• bc• Jgaclag_rsp_• cl• Ns`jgagb_b• w•Pcj_agmã
Cqn_Ö_•cl•/733•bc•j_•k_lm•bcj•npmdcã j_• npgkcp_•bcagbgÜ*•cl•qcqgÜl•cvrp_mpã lcq•Ná`jga_q•osc•dsc•apc_b_•cl• /752,•
qgml_j• Hm_osÉl• K_cqrpc*•_j•osc• jscem• bgl_pg_*• dsqgml_pqc• aml• cj• ACLCPN• Cqrc•ep_bm• slgtcpqgr_pgm• qc•mdpcac•cl•
qsacbcpÉ_l•mrpmq•amkm•Hs_l•TgÖ_q,•Cj _j• qcp• gbÅlrgamq• jmq• dglcq• bc• _k`_q k~q•bc•1.•slgtcpqgb_bcq•cqn_Ömj_q,

Gigdh•e^dcZgdh
Fsv•Ibb•v•Bat^oa•?bj^vp•crbolk•ilp•mflkbolp•j|p•obpbÉ^_ibp•bk•i^•molcbpfÑk•ab•obi^`flü
kbp•mÖ_if`^p•bkqob•.6--•v •.62-)•mbol•bi•pb`qlo•bpq|•iibkl•ab•molcbpflk^ibp•_ofii^kqbp•v •mboü
plk^ifa^abp•`lilofpq^p+•>•`lkqfkr^`fÑk)•pb•e^`b•rk•obm^pl•ab•lqo^p•cfdro^p•fjmloq^kqbp+
; X g `kl cX • + • I^•bslir`fÑk•ab•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p

8NX[PN•4[NNU%•Bi•jlabil•ab•fkcloj^`fÑk•mÖ_if`^•nrb•fkpq^roÑ•Ibb•bo^•q^j_fÄk•
rp^al•mlo•Dblodb•@obbi)• nrb•bo^•fdr^ijbkqb•rk•obmloqbol•ab•mbofÑaf`lp+• Bi•mobü
pfabkqb•Tllaolt•Tfiplk•ib•mfafÑ•nrb•lod^kfw^o^•rk•bpcrbowl•ab•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_ifü
`^p•m^o^•rkfo•^•i^•k^`fÑk•aro^kqb•i^•Mofjbo^•Drboo^•Jrkaf^i+
Bk•pr•if_ol•Ofi[j L_Xk Ofe k_\ OXi'•G^jbp•L+• Jl`h•v•@baof`•I^oplk•bp`ofü
_bk7•ëBi•pbÉlo•@obbi•grkqÑ•^•rk•_ofii^kqb•dorml•ab•mboflafpq^p)•molcbplobp)•^dbkqbp•
ab•mobkp^)•bafqlobp)• ^oqfpq^p•v•lqolp•j^kfmri^alobp•ab•ilp•pÅj_lilp•ab•i^p•obi^`flü
kbp•mÖ_if`^p•bk•rk•`lkgrkql•nrb•>jÄof`^•kl•e^_Å^•sfpq^•krk`^•rkfalí+• Bkqob•prp•
^`qfsfa^abp)• bi• @ljfqÄ•@obbi• mbopr^afÑ•^• mbofÑaf`lp•v •obsfpq^p• m^o^• nrb•`bafbo^k•
bpm^`fl•`lk•bi•cfk•ab•^kfj^o•^•ilp•kloqb^jbof`^klp•^•^eloo^o•`ljfa^•v•d^pq^o•bk•
ilp•?lklp•ab•i^•If_boq^a)• nrb•`ljmo^olk•j|p•ab• .-•jfiilkbp•ab•mboplk^p+
Bpb•dfd^kqb•bpcrbowl•ab•glYc`Z`kp•qrsl•rk•bcb`ql•fdr^i•ab•do^kab•bk•bi•abp^oolü
iil• ab•i^p• obi^`flkbp• mÖ_if`^p)• ^i• abjlpqo^o•bi• Äufql• ab•af`e^p•qÄ`kf`^p+• Q^j_fÄk•
`lksbk`fÑ•^•i^•dbkqb•abi•mlabo•ab•ilp•jbaflp•ab•fkcloj^`fÑk•m^o^•jlabi^o•i^•lmfü
kfÑk•v •bi•`ljmloq^jfbkql•abi•mÖ_if`l+
> oqero• T+• M^db+• M^db•pb•`lksfoqfÑ• bk• bi•sf`bmobpfabkqb•ab•i^•>jbof`^k•Qbib*•
melkb• #• Qbibdo^me• @ljm^kv•bk• .6/4)•v• bp• ob`lkl`fal• `ljl• bi• `ob^alo•ab•i^•
fab^• ab•nrb•i^p• obi^`flkbp• mÖ_if`^p• ab_bk•qbkbo•rk^•slw•^`qfs^• bk• i^• ^iq^• afob`ü
`fÑk+•M^db•q^j_fÄk•bumobpÑ•i^•`obbk`f^•ab•nrb•bi•obkafjfbkql•ab•rk^•bjmobp^)•v•
kl•i^p•^`qfsfa^abp•ab•^dbkqb•ab•mobkp^)•`lkpqfqrÅ^k•i^•_^pb•m^o^•l_qbkbo•i^•^mol_^ü
`fÑk•abi•mÖ_if`l+•J|p•nrb•`r^inrfbo•lqol•fkafsfarl)•pb•ob`lkl`b•^•M^db•mlo•pbkq^o•
ilp•`fjfbkqlp• abi•pb`qlo•ab•i^p• obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•ab•i^p•do^kabp• bjmobp^p+• Crb•
`lkpbgbol•ab•krjbolp^p•`lomlo^`flkbp)•dormlp•ab•_bkbcf`bk`f^•v •rkfsbopfa^abp+•
Qo^p•pr•c^iib`fjfbkql• bk• .63-)•rk•dorml•ab•pl`flp• ab•>Q#Q•`obÑ•rk^•pl`fba^a•
ab•^iqlp•bgb`rqfslp•ab•`ljrkf`^`fÑk•`lk•pr•klj_ob+• I^•>oqero•T+• M^db•Pl`fbqv)•
`ljmrbpq^•mlo•rklp•02-•bgb`rqfslp)•qfbkb•s^of^p•obrkflkbp•^i•^Él•v•mr_if`^•afsboü
plp•jlkldo|cf`lp•pl_ob•i^•afob``fÑk•ab•`ljrkf`^`fÑk+• I^•pl`fba^a•e^•mr_if`^al•
^ f•pr•m|dfk^•tb_•%ttt+^tm^dbpl`fbqv+`lj&•ilp•pbfp•mofk`fmflp•ab•i^•afob``fÑk•ab•
obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•abp^oolii^alp•mlo•M^db+• Bpqlp•mofk`fmflp•plk7•%.&•ab`fo•i^•sboü
a^a)•%/&• j|p•s^ibk•eb`elp•nrb•m^i^_o^p)•%0&•pfbjmob•e^v•nrb•bp`r`e^o•^i•`lkprü
jfalo)• %1&• ^kqf`fm^o•i^•ob^``fÑk•abi• mÖ_if`l• v•bifjfk^o•i^p• mo|`qf`^p• nrb•`^rpbk•
`lkcif`ql)• %2&• i^p• obi^`flkbp• mÖ_if`^p• plk•rk^• crk`fÑk• afob`qfs^•v• ab•mliÅqf`^•ab•
bjmobp^•nrb•^cb`q^•^•qla^•i^•bjmobp^)•v •%3&•qbkbo•pbkqfal•abi•erjlo)• bgbo`fq^o•i^•
o^wÑk•v•j^kqbkbo•i^•`^_bw^•coÅ^•bk•jljbkqlp•ab•`ofpfp+
3NWSJVfW•CXWWNWKN[P%•Crb•Plkkbk_bod•nrfbk•prdfofÑ•nrb•i^•Qbu^`l•@ljm^kv•
m^qol`fk^o^• ilp•`lk`fboqlp• ab•i^•Jbqolmlifq^k•Lmbo^• @ljm^kv•bk•i^• bjfplo^• ab•
o^afl•k^`flk^i+• Bpqb•m^qol`fkfl•ab•ilp•`lk`fboqlp•ab•i^p•q^oabp•ab•ilp•p|_^alp)• nrb•
pb•fkf`fÑ• bk• .61-)• molpfdrfÑ• aro^kqb•jbafl•pfdil+• Plkkbk_bod•mbkp^_^• nrb•rk^•
_obsb•jbk`fÑk•ab•rk•`ifbkqb)•bk•bi•`lkqbuql•^ab`r^al)•bo^•j|p•bcf`^w•nrb•rk•i^odl•
^oqÅ`ril•e^i^d^alo+• Molmrpl•bi• m^qol`fkfl• ab•Qbu^`l•`ljl•cloj^• ab•iibd^o•^• ilp•
iÅabobp• ab•lmfkfÑk•v •pfqr^o•^•i^• bjmobp^• `ljl•jb`bk^p• ab•i^p•^oqbp+• Bi• _fÑdo^cl•
Fp^alob•?^oj^pe•abp`of_fÑ•^• Plkkbk_bod•`ljl•ëbi• mr_if`fpq^• j|p•fkcirvbkqb•ab•
jbaf^alp•abi•pfdil•UUí+•QbkÅ^•rk^•lmribkq^•`^p^•bk•Krbs^•Vloh•^•i^•nrb•fksfq^_^•^•
jr`elp•elj_obp•v •jrgbobp•mlabolplp•ab•Bpq^alp•Rkfalp+•>i•mobdrkq^oib•`r|i•bo^•
bi•pb`obql•ab•pr•Äufql)•`lkqbpqÑ7• ë@obl•do^kabp•mbabpq^ibp•m^o^•dbkqb•mbnrbÉ^í+•
BNa•9J[UX`%•@lkpfabo^al• mlo•jr`elp• `ljl• bi• ëm^aob•ab•i^• fksbpqfd^`fÑk•ab•
obi^`flkbp• mÖ_if`^pí)• E^oilt• crb• mol_^_ibjbkqb• bi• mofjbo• molcbplo• ^• qfbjml•
`ljmibql•ab•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p+• @ljl•molcbplo•bk•i^• P`elli•lc•Bar`^qflk•ab•i^•
Rkfsbopfa^a•ab•Pq^kcloa)• E^oilt•afl•`i^pbp•ab•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•ab•cloj^•e^_fü
qr^i•v •q^j_fÄk•lod^kfwÑ• pbjfk^oflp• mlo•qlal• Bpq^alp• Rkfalp+• Q^j_fÄk•crkaÑ

 


H X i k \ • *• Jfc

bi•>jbof`^k•@lrk`fi•lk• Mr_if`•Obi^qflkp)• nrb•mlpqboflojbkqb•m^p^oÅ^• ^•pbo•i^•


Pl`fba^a•ab•Obi^`flkbp• MÖ_if`^p• ab•>jÄof`^• %Mr_if`•Obi^qflkp• Pl`fbqv•lc•>jbü
of`^)• MOP>&+• Bk• .62/)•crkaÑ•i^•KfZ`Xc KZ`\eZ\ J\gzik\i)•rk^• ab•i^p• mofjbo^p• obsfpü
q^p•abaf`^a^p•^•bpqb•pb`qlo+
†• Iblkb•?^uqbo+•?^uqbo•v•pr•pl`fl•@ibj•Tefq^hbo•plk• ob`lkl`falp• mlo•crka^o•i^•
mofjbo^•`lkpriqlo^•ab•dbpqfÑk•ab•`^jm^É^p•mliÅqf`^p•bk•Bpq^alp•Rkfalp+•I^•cfoj^•
afofdfÑ•i^p•`^jm^É^p•ab•s^oflp•dl_bok^alobp•v•pbk^alobp•ab•@^ifclokf^)•^pbploÑ•^i•
dbkbo^i• Atfdeq•Bfpbkeltbo•`r^kal•pb•mobpbkqÑ•^• i^• mobpfabk`f^• bk• .62/•v•^pbü
ploÑ•^•Of`e^oa•Kfulk•pl_ob•bi•c^jlpl•afp`ropl•ë@eb`hbopí)•nrb•p^isÑ•pr•`^oobo^•
`ljl•sf`bmobpfabkqb+
†• T ^oobk•@lt^k+•I^•obsfpq^•Hfik]fc`f•ii^jÑ•^•@lt^k•ëbi•mbocb`ql•elj_ob•ab•i^p•obi^ü
`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•ab•Eliivtllaí• mlonrb•pr• cfoj^)•Oldbop•v•@lt^k)• crb•rk^• ab•i^p•
mofjbo^p•bk•^pbplo^o•^•i^•fkarpqof^•abi•`fkb•bk• .60-+•@lt^k•obmobpbkqÑ•^•`bib_ofa^ü
abp•`ljl•G rav•D^oi^k)•@^ov•Do^kq)•Co^kh•Pfk^qo^)•D^ov•@llmbo•v•M^ri•Kbtj^k•^•
il•i^odl•ab•pr•sfa^•v•elv•pb•ib•ob`lkl`b•`ljl•jbkqlo•ab•mr_if`fpq^p•ab•obklj_ob•ab•
Eliivtlla+•Bk• .611)•@lt^k•fksbkqÑ•i^•`^jm^É^•jlabok^•ab•ilp•Lp`^o•e^`fbkal•
`loobo•orjlobp•pl_ob•i^p•mlpf_fifa^abp•ab•rk•^`qlo•ab•`lkpbdrfo•bi•mobjfl+•Rk^•sbw•
afgl7•ëP f• kl•qbkbjlp•k^a^• nrb•mr_if`fq^o)•`obÄjlpilí+• @r^kal•@lt^k•jrofÑ•bk•
/--5)•^•i^•ba^a•ab•54•^Élp)•crb•bkqboo^al•`lk•pr•qbiÄclkl•jÑsfi•bk•i^•j^kl+•Ebkov•
Oldbop)•pr•pl`fl•ab•qla^•i^•sfa^)•afgl7•ëI^•`ljfa^•ab•mboolp•v•i^p•bpqobii^p•ab•`fkb•
plk•jrv•m^ob`fa^p•mlonrb•^j_^p•plk•molar`qlp•bk•_rp`^•ab•bumlpf`fÑkí+
†• Bib^klo•I^j _boq+•ëDo^k•a^j^í•ab•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•ab•i^•jla^)• I^j_boq•
bp• ob`lkl`fa^• mlo•mlkbo•^• afpbÉ^alobp• kloqb^jbof`^klp)• `ljl•?fii• ?i^pp•v •@^iü
sfk•Hibfk)• bk•bi•j^m^•`r^kal•i^p•j^o`^p•brolmb^p•aljfk^_^k•bi•pb`qlo+•Q^j_fÄk•
`ljmfiÑ•i^•ifpq^•ab•ëilp•jbglo•sbpqfalpí•aro^kqb•3/•^Élp)• nrb•pfbjmob•crb•^jmif^ü
jbkqb•`r_fboq^•mlo•ilp•jbaflp•ab•`ljrkf`^`fÑk+
†• Bij bo•A^sfp+•Bp•mobpfabkqb•Co^khifk•A+•Ollpbsbiq•klj_oÑ•^•A^sfp•gbcb•ab•i^•Lcfü
`fk^•ab•Fkcloj^`fÑk•ab•Drboo^•aro^kqb•i^•Pbdrka^•Drboo^•Jrkaf^i+•Qo^p•rqfifw^o•
bi•@ljfqÄ•@obbi•`ljl•jlabil)•A^sfp•`obÑ•rk^•fk`f^qfs^•ab•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•^Ök•
j^vlo•m^o^•moljl`flk^o•i^•sbkq^•ab•_lklp•ab•drboo^7•ildo^o•bi•^mlvl•ab•i^•mobkp^•
^i• o^`flk^jfbkql)• cljbkq^o•i^• mi^kq^`fÑk• ab•ëg^oafkbp•ab•i^•sf`qlof^í•v •dbkbo^o•
rk^•bibs^a^•molar`qfsfa^a•ab•ilp•qo^_^g^alobp•kloqb^jbof`^klp•m^o^•d^k^o•i^•drbü
oo^+• I^• Nf`Z\ f ] 9 d\i`ZX•pb•`obÑ•m^o^•afcrkafo•i^p•klqf`f^p•pl_ob•i^•drboo^•^•qlal•bi•
jrkal)•v •i^•fkarpqof^•`fkbj^qldo|cf`^•molargl•rk^•pbofb•ab•mbiÅ`ri^p•m^o^•obpm^iü
a^o•bi•`lkcif`ql•_Äif`l+•I^•Lcf`fk^•ab•Fkcloj^`fÑk•ab•Drboo^•crb•i^•mob`roplo^•ab•
i^•>dbk`f^•ab•Fkcloj^`fÑk•ab•bpq^alp•Rkfalp)• nrb•pb•`obÑ•bk• .620+
†• Jlpp•Hbkaofu+•ëIl•nrb•nrfbob•bi•mÖ_if`l•bp•il•nrb•`rbkq^í•bo^•bi•j^kqo^•ab•Hbk*•
aofu)• nrb•crkaÑ•pr•molmf^•bjmobp^•ab•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•bk• .611+• Pb•ib•ob`rboa^•
`ljl• bi• mofjbo•^col^jbof`^kl• bk•`lkpbdrfo•rk^•do^k•`ljm^ÉÅ^• `ljl•`ifbkqb)•
@l`^*@li^+• >•il•i^odl• ab•pr• sfa^• afpbÉÑ• fk`lkq^_ibp• `^jm^É^p•ab•mr_if`fa^a•v•
obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•m^o^•krjbolp^p•bjmobp^p+•Bk•bi•Jrpbl•ab•Obi^`flkbp•MÖ_if`^p•
%ttt+mojrpbrj+`lj&•pb•`fq^7• ëBar`Ñ•^•prp•`ifbkqbp•^•`lkpfabo^o•bi•mlabo•`lkprü
jfpq^•ab•i^•ml_i^`fÑk•^col^jbof`^k^•v•^•ilp•^jbof`^klp•^•`lkpfabo^o•^•bpq^•ml_i^ü
`fÑk•jbglo•ab•il•nrb•ilp•^kqfdrlp•^krk`flp•abp`of_Å^kí+

;dcig^WjX^dcZh•YZ•Zb egZhVg^dh•n•egZh^YZciZh
E^v•^pfjfpjl• dbkqb•kl•molcbpflk^i• abi•pb`qlo•nrb•e^• `lkqof_rfal• ^i• abp^ooliil• ab•i^p•
obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•v •nrb•e^•eb`el•rk•rpl•bufqlpl•ab•ilp•`lk`bmqlp•_|pf`lp+•>idrklp•ab•
bpqlp•bgbjmilp•plk•Ebkov•Cloa)• P^jrbi•Fkprii•v•Qbaav•Ollpbsbiq+

 


; X g `kl cX • + • I^•bslir`fÑk•ab•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p

@Vcgn•>dgY(• Ebkov•Cloa•crb•bi•mofjbo•do^k•fkarpqof^i• nrb•


rqfifwÑ•cob`rbkqbjbkqb•alp•`lk`bmqlp•ab•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_ifü
`^p+• Bi• mofjbol• bp• i^• kl`fÑk• ab•mlpf`flk^jfbkql)• i^•fab^• ab•
nrb•i^•`obaf_fifa^a•v•i^•glYc`Z`kp•pfbjmob•qfbkabk•e^`f^•bi• mofü
jbol•nrb•e^`b•^idl)•v•i^•pbdrka^•fab^• bo^•i^•molkq^•^``bpf_fü
ifa^a•ab•i^•mobkp^+•Glpbme•Bmpqbfk)•^rqlo•ab•9dY`k`fe)•^cfoj^7
ëMrbab•nrb• e^v^•pfal• j|p•rk•do^k•mr_if`fpq^•nrb• rk•do^k•
jb`|kf`lí+
Bk• .6--)•Cloa•ildoÑ•moljlalk^o•bi•molqlqfml•abi•Jlabil•
Q •bkpbÉ|kalpbil•^•rk•mboflafpq^• abi• Li`Yle\•ab•Abqolfq+• Bk•
.6-0)• Cloa• ildoÑ• rk^• do^k• `l_boqro^• jbaf|qf`^• e^`fbkal•
`^oobo^p•`lk•prp•`l`ebp)• rk^• mo|`qf`^• nrb•pfdrb•pfbkal• ^mifü
`^a^•mlo•ilp•^`qr^ibp•c^_of`^kqbp•ab•^rqljÑsfibp+•DbkboÑ•do^k•
glYc`Z`kp•v•pb•`lksfoqfÑ•bk•bi•eÄolb•ab•elj_obp•v•jrgbobp•qo^ü
_^g^alobp• `r^kal• pr_fÑ• bi• p^i^ofl• ab•prp•l_obolp• ^• 2• aÑi^obp•
af^oflp+• Mlmrifpq^•mlo•k^qro^ibw^)•rk^•sbw•afgl)•ëIlp•kbdl`flp•
plk•rk•pbosf`fl)• kl• rk^• _lk^kw^í)• rk^• fab^• nrb•qla^sÅ^• elv•
j^kqfbkbk•jr`elp•^iqlp•bgb`rqfslp•nrb•`obbk•bk•il•nrb•elv•pb• Rcbbw•Pmmqctcjr
abkljfk^•i^•obpmlkp^_fifa^a•pl`f^i•`lomlo^qfs^•%OP@&+ Rfcmbmpc•Pmmqctcjr•e_lÜ•cj•_nmwm•bcj•ná`j•gam•_•
jmq•n_poscq•l_agml_jcq•tg_h_lbm•aml•sl•eps•nmbc•
KVbjZa•Achjaa(• Bk•qÄojfklp•bjmobp^of^ibp)•i^•@ef`^dl•Bafü ncpgmbgqr_q•c•gldjswclrcq•cknpcq_pgmq•_•jse_pcq•
plk•@ljm^kv•^_ofÑ•krbslp•`^jmlp•bk•i^p•qÄ`kf`^p•ab•obi^`flü amkm•cj•N_posc• L_agml_j•bc•Wmqckgrc,
kbp•mÖ_if`^p•_^gl•bi•ifabo^wdl•ab•pr•mobpfabkqb)•P^jrbi•Fkprii+ T]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
>i• q^kql• ab• i^• kb`bpfa^a• ab• j^kqbkbo• rk• `lkq^`ql• afob`ql•
`lk• ilp•`ifbkqbp)• Fkprii• `obÑ•rk^•obsfpq^• jbkpr^i)• i^kw^_^• klsba^abp• `lkpq^kqbjbkqb•b)•
fk`irpl)•rpÑ•bi•`fkb•`ljl•fkpqorjbkql•ab•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p+•Bk• .6./•fkf`fÑ•i^•ii^j^a^•
ëc^`qro^•obiibk^í7•iibk^_^•i^p•c^`qro^p•ab•ilp•`ifbkqbp•`lk•fkcloj^`fÑk•pl_ob•i^•bjmobp^)•
rk^•qÄ`kf`^•nrb•elv•bk•aÅ^•rp^k•jr`e^p•bjmobp^p•ab•pbosf`flp+•Efwl•jr`el•m^o^•^jmif^o•
bi•jbo`^al•ab•i^p•bjmobp^p•ab•bib`qof`fa^a)•mlo•bgbjmil)• moljl`flk^kal•ilp•bib`qolalü
jÄpqf`lp•biÄ`qof`lp•`lk•bi•bpild^k•ab•nrb•if_bo^_^k•^•i^•jrgbo•ab•i^p•q^ob^p•aljÄpqf`^p+

LZYYn•Jdd•hZ•kZ•Ai(• Bi•mobpfabkqb•Qeblalob•Ollpbsbiq•%.6-.*.6-6&•pb•obsbiÑ•`ljl•rk•
j^bpqol•ab•i^•glYc`Z`kp)•Crb•bi•mofjbo•mobpfabkqb•nrb•rqfifwÑ•molcrp^jbkqb•i^p•bkqobsfpq^p•
ab•mobkp^•m^o^•ildo^o•bi•^mlvl•^•prp•molvb`qlp+• @lkl`Å^•bi•s^ilo•ab•rk^•dfo^•mobpfabk`f^i•
^ f•qÄojfklp•ab•glYc`Z`kp)•Mlo•bgbjmil)•bk•rk^•sfpfq^•^•il•nrb•mlpqboflojbkqb•pboÅ^•bi•M^oü
nrb•K^`flk^i•ab•Vlpbjfqb)•Ollpbsbiq•bpqrsl•^`ljm^É^al•ab•mboflafpq^p•v•clqÑdo^clp•nrb•
mr_if`^olk•bildflplp•^oqÅ`rilp•pl_ob•bi•molvb`ql•mobcbofal•ab•Ollpbsbiq)•i^•kb`bpfa^a•ab•
mobpbos^o•|ob^p•m^o^•bi•rpl•ob`ob^qfsl•abi•mÖ_if`l+•>pÅ)•bi•mobpfabkqb•Ollpbsbiq)•`lkpfdrfÑ•
i^•molqb``fÑk•ab•.2-•jfiilkbp•ab•^`obp•m^o^•rpl•ob`ob^qfsl•abi•mÖ_if`l•v•pb•`lksfoqfÑ•bk•bi•
ëm^aobí• abi•jlsfjfbkql•`lkpbos^`flkfpq^•^jbof`^kl+• Fk`irpl•pr•^mlal)• ëQbaaví)• molü
sfbkb•ab•i^•glYc`Z`kp•dbkbo^a^•`r^kal•if_boÑ•^•rk•lpbwkl•bk•rk^•`^`boÅ^• v•rk•c^_of`^kqb•
ab•grdrbqbp•bjmbwÑ•^•e^`bo•lpfqlp•ëQbaaví•bk•ob`lkl`fjfbkql•^i•dbpql•erj^kl•abi•mobü
pfabkqb+•Bp)•mol_^_ibjbkqb)• bi•Ökf`l•mobpfabkqb•ab•Bpq^alp•Rkfalp•nrb•qfbkb•rk•^kfj^i•
ab•mbir`eb•nrb•pb•ii^j^•`ljl•Äi)•rk•klj_ob•nrb•e^•mbosfsfal•e^pq^•elv+
M^ob`b•nrb•bi• mobpfabkqb•Co^khifk•A+• Ollpbsbiq•qljÑ• klq^• ab•i^p• ^`qfsfa^abp• ab•
Qbaav+• Prp•pbdrfalobp• lod^kfw^olk• cfbpq^p• mlo•qlal•bpq^alp•Rkfalp• bk• .601•m^o^• `bibü
_o^o•pr•`rjmib^Élp•v •l_qbkbo•clkalp• m^o^•i^• fksbpqfd^`fÑk• ab•i^• m^o|ifpfp•fkc^kqfi+• Bpql•
iibsÑ•^•i^•`ob^`fÑk•ab•i^•cfbpq^•J^o`e•lc•Afjbp+• I^•`^jm^É^•ab•@^of•?vlo•#•>ppl`f^qbp•
fk`irvÑ•i^•lod^kfw^`fÑk•ab•3+---•bsbkqlp•bk•0+3--•`ljrkfa^abp•v•mbojfqfÑ•l_qbkbo•j|p•
ab•rk•jfiiÑk•ab•aÑi^obp+

 


H X i k \ • *• Jfc

A• +3/*',***4•DVh•gZaVX^dcZh•e{Wa^XVh•VaXVcoVc•
aV•bVndgxV•YZ•ZYVY
Aro^kqb•i^•pbdrka^•jfq^a•abi•pfdil•UU)•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•e^k•m^p^al•^•pbo)•foobsl`^_ibü
jbkqb)•fkafpmbkp^_ibp•bk•bi•abp^ooliil•pl`f^i)•mliÅqf`l•v•b`lkÑjf`l•ab•Bpq^alp•Rkfalp+
I^• bum^kpfÑk• ab•i^• b`lkljÅ^• qo^p•i^• Pbdrka^• Drboo^•Jrkaf^i•molargl• rk•o|mfal•
`ob`fjfbkql•bk•qla^p•i^p•|ob^p•ab•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p+•I^p•bjmobp^p•^_ofbolk•abm^oq^ü
jbkqlp•ab•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•l•^jmif^olk•ilp•bufpqbkqbp+• Bi•mboplk^i•abi•pb`qlo•mÖ_if`l•
^rjbkqÑ•bk•kÖjbol)•^pÅ•`ljl•i^p•lod^kfw^`flkbp•pfk•|kfjl•ab•ir`ol)•`ljl•fkpqfqr`flü
kbp•bar`^qfs^p)•p^kfq^of^p•l•ab•^prkqlp•pl`f^ibp+•I^•qbibsfpfÑk•iibdÑ•^•cfk^ibp•ab•i^•aÄ`^a^•
ab• .62-•`ljl•rk•krbsl•abp^cÅl•m^o^•ilp•molcbpflk^ibp•ab•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p+•Krbs^p•
`lkpriqlo^p•ab•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•prodfbolk•mlo•qla^•i^•k^`fÑk+
Bi•`ob`fjfbkql•ab•i^•b`lkljÅ^•crb•rk^•ab•i^p•o^wlkbp• ab•bpq^•bum^kpfÑk)• mbol•q^jü
_fÄk•er_l•lqolp•c^`qlobp+•Bkqob•bpqlp)•`^_b•fk`irfo7
†• Bi•^rjbkql•fjmloq^kqb•ab•i^•ml_i^`fÑk•ro_^k^•v •pr_ro_^k^+
†• Bi•`ob`fjfbkql•ab•rk^•pl`fba^a•jbklp•mboplk^i•obmobpbkq^a^•mlo•do^kabp•bjmobü
p^p)•do^kabp•pfkaf`^qlp•v •do^kabp•dl_fboklp+
†• Ilp•^abi^kqlp• `fbkqÅcf`lp•v•qb`kliÑdf`lp)• fk`irfa^p• i^• ^rqlj^qfw^`fÑk•v •i^• fkcloü
j^•qfw^`fÑk+
†• I^•obslir`fÑk•ab•i^p•`ljrkf`^`flkbp•bk•qÄojfklp•ab•jbaflp•ab•`ljrkf`^`fÑk+
†• I^p• `lkpfabo^`flkbp•cfk^k`fbo^p• _|pf`^p• nrb)• ^• jbkral)• prpqfqrÅ^k• bi• mol`bpl• ab•
qlj^•ab•ab`fpflkbp•j|p•mboplk^ifw^al•ab•rk^•pl`fba^a•^kqboflo•j|p•erj^kfw^a^+
Jr`elp•`fra^a^klp•pb•pfkqfbolk•^ifbk^alp•v•^plj_o^alp•mlo•rklp•`^j_flp•q^k•o|mfü
alp)•^ibg^alp•abi•pbkqfal•ab•`ljrkfa^a•nrb•e^_Å^•`^o^`qbofw^al•i^p•sfa^p•ab•i^p•^kqboflobp•
dbkbo^`flkbp+• ?rp`^olk•mlabo•^•qo^sÄp•ab•fkkrjbo^_ibp•dormlp•ab•mobpfÑk)•`bkqo|kalpb•
bk•`^rp^p•`ljl•bi•jbafl•^j_fbkqb)• i^p•`lkaf`flkbp• i^_lo^ibp•v•ilp• abob`elp•`fsfibp+• I^•
lmfkfÑk•mÖ_if`^)• bumilo^a^•mlo•jbafl•ab•jÄqlalp•krbslp•v•j|p•plcfpqf`^alp• ab•ob^ifw^ü
`fÑk•ab•bk`rbpq^p)•pb•efwl•`^a^•sbw•j|p•mlabolp^•m^o^•lmlkbopb•l•^mif`^o•`^j_flp+
Pbm^o^a^p• q^kql• cÅpf`^• `ljl• mpf`liÑdf`^jbkqb•ab• prp• mÖ_if`lp)• i^•fkarpqof^• v• i^p•
bjmobp^p• bpq^alrkfabkpbp• ob`roofbolk• `^a^•sbw•j|p• ^• ilp• bpmb`f^ifpq^p• bk•obi^`flkbp•
mÖ_if`^p•m^o^•^k^ifw^o•^•ilp•mÖ_if`lp)•e^`bo•i^•mi^kfcf`^`fÑk•bpqo^qÄdf`^)• obplisbo•ilp•molü
_ibj^p•v •`ob^o•fk`irpl•bkqloklp•ab•^mlvl•m^o^•i^•sbkq^•ab•prp•molar`qlp•v •pbosf`flp+•Ilp•
jbaflp•ab•`ljrkf`^`fÑk•q^j_fÄk•pb•ef`fbolk•j|p•`ljmibglp•v •plcfpqf`^alp)•ab•cloj^•nrb•
ilp•bpmb`f^ifpq^p•bk•obi^`flkbp•`lk•i^•mobkp^)•nrb•`ljmobkaÅ^k•`Ñjl•crk`flk^_^k•bpqlp•
jbaflp)•q^j_fÄk•qrsfbolk•rk^•do^k•abj^ka^+
Rk•bgbjmil•qÅmf`l• ab•moldo^j^• ab•obi^`flkbp• mÖ_if`^p• ab•i^p•do^kabp• bjmobp^p• ab•
jbaf^alp• abi•pfdil• crb•i^•>irjfkfrj•@ljm^kv•lc•>jbof`^• %>I@L>&+• Mobpfafbkal• i^•
lmbo^`fÑk• bpq^_^• rk•sf`bmobpfabkqb•ab•obi^`flkbp• mÖ_if`^p•v •mr_if`fa^a)• ^pfpqfal•mlo•bi•
afob`qlo•ab•obi^`flkbp• mÖ_if`^p•v •bi• ab•mr_if`fa^a+• Ilp• abm^oq^jbkqlp• fk`irÅ^k•obi^`flü
kbp•`lk• i^• `ljrkfa^a)•glYc`Z`kp•ab•ilp•molar`qlp)• `fkb•v •qbibsfpfÑk)• mr_if`^`flkbp•m^o^•
ilp•bjmib^alp)•rk^•lcf`fk^•ab•mobkp^•v •oba^``fÑk•ab•afp`roplp+•I^•obsfpq^•9cZfX F \nj•crb•
mr_if`^a^• m^o^• qlalp• ilp• bjmib^alp)• ^pÅ•`ljl•lqo^p• mr_if`^`flkbp• fkabmbkafbkqbp• m^o^•
ilp•nrb•qo^_^g^_^k•bk•i^p•sbfkqb•c|_of`^p•ab•qlal•Bpq^alp•Rkfalp+
I^•aÄ`^a^•ab•.63-•^pfpqfÑ•^•i^p•molqbpq^p•`lkqo^•i^•drboo^•ab•Sfbqk^j)•bi•jlsfjfbkql•
^•c^slo•ab•ilp•abob`elp•`fsfibp)•bi•jlsfjfbkql•b`lildfpq^)•bi•fkqboÄp•mlo•ilp•abob`elp•ab•i^p•
jrgbobp)•v •qla^•rk^•pbofb•ab•`rbpqflkbp+•Bi•pbkqfjfbkql•^kqfbjmobp^of^i•bo^•jrv•bibs^al)•
i^p•do^kabp• bjmobp^p• qrsfbolk• nrb•^grpq^o•prp• mliÅqf`^p• m^o^• ildo^o•rk^• _rbk^• lmfkfÑk•
mÖ_if`^•v •i^•`ljmobkpfÑk•abi•mÖ_if`l+•>pÅ)•i^•fab^•ab•i^•dbpqfÑk•ab•`lkcif`qlp•mlqbk`f^ibp

 


; X g `kl cX • + • I^•bslir`fÑk•ab•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p

/O HM TRDEDLP
9 / : ; 9 / . < 2> , ;
_ > C H _ > i • A• A 9 O H

As_rpm•kmbcjmq•bc•pcj_agmlcq•ná`jga_q
mq• npmdcqmpcq•H_kcq• C,• Epslge*• gbc_j•ncpgmbÉqrgam•bc•npcagqgÜl•w•rmr_ã K`duki`Zf•Y`[`i\ZZ`feXc

D bc•j_• Slgtcpqgb_b•bc•K_pwj_lb*•
wRmbb•Fslr*bc•Psrecpq&j_•Slgã
tcpqgb_b• cqr_r_j• bc• Lsct_• Hcpqcw'*•
jgb_b*•w•cj•npglagn_j•a_l_j•srgjgx_bm•qml•
jmq•kcbgmq•bc•amkslga_agÜl•qmag_j,•Qc•
_l_jgx_l• nmam• jmq•fcafmq•n_p_•bcrcpã
J_•amlqcasagÜl•bc•sl•clrclbgkgclrm•
ksrsm•cq•cj•m`hcrgtm•bc•cqrc•kmbcjm*•
w•j_•amkslga_agÜl•cq•bc•bm`jc•qclrgbm•
cqr_`jcagcpml•as_rpm•kmbcjmq•bc•pcj_ã kgl_p• jmq•amlrclgbmq*• ncpm• qc• gltcqã
aml•cdcarmq•cosgjg`p_bmq,•J_•gltcqrge_ã
agmlcq• ná`jga_q•cl• qs• jg`pm•>bk^\\b{g• rge_• sl• nmam•cj• ná`jgam• n_p_•amlmacp•
agÜl•d`pk_rgt_•qc•srgjgx_•npglagn_jkclrc•
]^ L^eZ\bhg^l J}[eb\Zl'• ns`jga_bm• cl• qsq•_argrsbcq•w•bgqnmqgagmlcq,•Gtw•Jcc*•
/762,• Jmq• kmbcjmq*•osc• qc• f_l• srgjgã n_p_•_tcpges_p•aÜkm•ncpag`c•cj•ná`jgam•
sl•_lrgesm• ncpgmbgqr_*•cq•j_• npglagn_j•
_•j_•mpe_lgx_agÜl•w•n_p_•bcrcpkgl_p•as~ã
x_bm•_knjg_kclrc•cl• j_•rcmpÉ_•bc•j_q• dgesp_• fgqrÜpga_• bc•cqrc• kmbcjm• osc•
jcq•qcp~l•j_q•amlqcasclag_q•bc•j_q•_aagmã
pcj_agmlcq• ná`jga_q*•_wsb_l• _• cvnjgã ckncxÜ•_• bcq_ppmjj_pqc•clrpc• /7..•w•
a_p•aÜkm•cqr_q•f_l•ctmjsagml_bm•_•jm• lcq-nmjÉrga_q•bc• j_•mpe_lgx_agÜl•cl• cj•
/70.,•Jmq•em`gcplmq*•j_q•mpe_lgx_agmã
j_pem•bc•jmq•_Ömq, ná`jgam,•Cj•pcqsjr_bm•nscbc•qcp•_qcqmp_p•
lcq•qgl•~lgkm•bc•jsapm•w•j_q•cknpcq_q•
_•j_•bgpcaagÜl•n_p_•osc•pc_jgac•bcrcpkgã
ná`jga_q• qml• j_q• npglagn_jcq• glqrgrsã
l_b_q•_aagmlcq•m•a_k`gc•j_q•nmjÉrga_q,•
9^\ekX•[\•gi\ejX(HlÄ7((Z(]p agmlcq•osc•srgjgx_l•cqrc•kmbcjm•cl• j_•
J_•gltcqrge_agÜl• n_p_•j_•ct_js_agÜl•qc•
_ars_jgb_b,
Qc•rp_r_• bc• sl_• amk slga_agÜl• slgã srgjgx_•n_p_•kcbgp•qg•j_q•_argtgb_bcq•bc•
bgpcaagm l_j*• dslb_k clr_jk clrc• _• pcj_agmlcq• ná`jga_q• f_l• kchmp_bm• j_•
rp_tÅq• bc• jmq• kcbgmq• bc•amk slga_ã amknpclqgÜl•bcj•ná`jgam•pcqncarm•_•j_•
agÜl*• n_p_• bgdslbgp• gldmpk_agÜl• osc• 9j`duki`Zf•Y`[`i\ZZ`feXc
mpe_lgx_agÜl,• Cqr_• gbc_*•osc•r_k`gÅl•
nscbc• qcp•cv_ecp_b_*• bgqrmpqgml_b_• J_• ncpqs_qgÜl• agclrÉdga_• cq• qs• m`hcã qc•amlmac•amkm•íapc_agÜl•bc•pcj_agmã
m•glajsqm• glamknjcr_*•n_p_•írcpegtcpã rgtm*• w• j_• amkslga_agÜl• qc• f_ac• cl• lcqì*•f_ac•pcdcpclag_•_j•fcafm•bc•rclcp•
q_pì• sl_• a_sq_*• npmbsarm• m• qcptgagm,• bm`jc•qclrgbm*•aml• cdcarmq•bgqrglrmq,• nmjÉrga_q•w•_aagmlcq•osc• qml• ksrs_ã
Qs• npmnÜqgrm• cq• bcdclbcp•w• npmkmã Cj• kmbcjm• npcqclr_• sl• npmacqm• agpã kclrc•`clcdgagmq_q•n_p_•_k`_q•n_prcq,•
tcp*• qgl• lcacqgb_b• bc• pc_jgx_p• sl_• asj_p•`_q_bm•cl•j_•pcrpm_j•g•kclr_agÜl*• Cbu_pb• J •@cpl_wq*•_j•dgl_j•bc•qs•tgb_*•
gltcqrge_agÜl•m•aml• ksw•nma_• gltcqã pcqn_jbÜ•cqrc•kmbcjm•wcq•amlqgbcp_bm•
ncpm• qs• npglagn_j• m`hcrgtm• cq•_wsb_p•
rge_agÜl,•N,R,•@_plsk•dsc•j_• npglagn_j• amkm•slm•bc•jmq•npglagn_jcq•bcdclqmpcq•
_j•amk slga_bmp_•amknpclbcp•kchmp•
dgesp_•fgqrÜpga_•bsp_lrc•j_•tgeclag_•bc• _j•ná`jgam•w•aÜkm•nscbc•ncpqs_bgpjm,• bc•cqrc•cldmosc,•Jmq•_a_bÅkgamq•w•jÉbcã
cqrc•kmbcjm*•bcqbc• /63.•f_qr_• /7..,• J_•gltcqrge_agÜl•qc•srgjgx_• n_p_•nj_lgã pcq•npmdcqgml_jcq•dscpml*•cl• j_•bÅa_b_•
Jmq•bcnmprcq*•cj•rc_rpm*•j_• káqga_•w•cj• dga_p•j_q•_argtgb_bcq•w•bcdglgp•jmq•m`hcã bc• /77.*• qsq• npglagn_jcq• bcdclqmpcq*•
aglc•qml• jmq• npglagn_jcq• qcarmpcq• cl• rgtmq*•_qÉ•amkm•n_p_•_tcpges_p•qg•qc•f_• w•f_•qgbm• srgjgx_bm• nmp•ksafmq•npmdcã
osc• qc• np_arga_• cqrc• kmbcjm• cl• j_•
_ja_lx_bm•cj•m`hcrgtm,•Cbu_pb• J,•@cp+• qgml_jcq•bcqbc•j_•bÅa_b_•bc•/76.,• Jmq•
_ars_jgb_b, l_wq• cq• j_• npglagn_j• dgesp_• fgqrÜpga_• a_knmq•bc•_ars_agÜl•_ars_jcq•glajswcl•
bc• cqrc• kmbcjm*• osc•ckncxÜ• _• srgã _• jmq•bc• j_q•mpe_lgx_agmlcq•osc• n_pã
Ae]fidXZ`ye•gzYc`ZX jgx_pqc•cl• j_• bÅa_b_• bc• jmq• _Ömq• 0.,• rgagn_l• cl• j_• gbclrgdga_agÜl• bc•rck_q•
J_• bgtsje_agÜl• bc• gldmpk _agÜl*• qgl• Jmq• bcn_pr_k clrmq• bc• k_picrgle• w• nmrclag_jkclrc•amldjgargtmq•w•npm`jcã
osc•lcacq_pg_kclrc•rcle_•sl_•glrclã ns`jgagb_b• bc• cknpcq_q• cl• k cpa_ã k~rga_q•ná`jga_q*•j_•ecqrgÜl•bc•pgcqemq•
agÜl• bc• ncpqs_qgÜl*• cq• cj• npglagn_j• bmq•amkncrgrgtmq•qml• jmq•osc•k~q•jm• w•apgqgq*•w•j_•nj_lgdga_agÜl•cqrp_rÅega_•bc•
m`hcrgtm• bc• cqrc• kmbcjm,• N_prc• bcj srgjgx_l, j_pem•_ja_lac,

pb•^É^afÑ•^• i^• abp`ofm`fÑk• abi• mrbpql•ab•qo^_^gl•ab•rk• afob`qfsl•ab•obi^`flkbp• mÖ_if`^p+•


Bpq^•crb•i^•mofjbo^•bumobpfÑk•ab•i^•fab^• ab•nrb•i^p•obi^`flkbp• mÖ_if`^p•qbkaoÅ^k•nrb•pbo•
^idl•j|p• nrb•i^• jbo^• mbopr^pfÑk• ab•i^• dbkqb•pl_ob•i^• `loob``fÑk•ab•i^• mliÅqf`^• bjmobü
p^of^i+• Aro^kqb•bpqb•mboÅlal)• prodfÑ• i^• fab^• ab•nrb)• q^i•sbw)•pboÅ^• _bkbcf`flpl• qbkbo•rk
H X i k \ • *• Jfc

af|ildl•`lk•afsboplp•mÖ_if`lp•v•^a^mq^o•i^•mliÅqf`^•bjmobp^of^i•^•prp•mobl`rm^`flkbp•`lkü
`obq^p+• Dorkfd•abkljfkÑ•bpqb•mi^kqb^jfbkql•bi•ab•i^•Zfdle`ZXZ`ze j`d wki`ZX Y`[`i\ZZ`feXc'•
mlonrb•e^v•rk•bnrfif_ofl•bkqob•i^•lod^kfw^`fÑk•v•prp•afsboplp•mÖ_if`lp8•i^•lod^kfw^`fÑk•v•
bi•mÖ_if`l•mrbabk•fkcirfopb•jrqr^jbkqb+
I^•aÄ`^a^•ab• .64-•crb•rk^•bo^•ab•obcloj^p•bk•ilp•jbo`^alp•_rop|qfibp•v •ab•i^p•obi^ü
`flkbp• `lk• ilp• fksboplobp+• Bi•`^pl• abi• ^wrcob•bk• bi• dlicl• ab•Qbu^p• %Qbu^p• Dric•Pricro&•
`^j_fÑ•m^o^•pfbjmob•i^p•obi^`flkbp•`lk•ilp•fksboplobp•^i•`ob^o•i^•fab^•ab•nrb•rk^•bjmobp^•
ab_b•afsrid^o•ab•fkjbaf^ql•`r^inrfbo•fkcloj^`fÑk•nrb•mrba^•^cb`q^o•^•pr•`^mfq^ifw^`fÑk•
_rop|qfi+•Bi•pb`qlo•ab•i^p•obi^`flkbp•`lk•ilp•fksboplobp•cilob`fÑ+
Bk•i^• aÄ`^a^• ab• .65-)• i^• fab^• ab•nrb•i^p• obi^`flkbp• mÖ_if`^p•`lkpqfqrvbk•rk^• crkü
`fÑk•afob`qfs^•bpq^_^•bk•mibkl•^mldbl+•Bi•qÄojfkl•\jkiXkw^`Zf•pb•`lksfoqfÑ•bk•i^•m^i^_o^•ab•
jla^)•v •bi•`lk`bmql•ab•afob``fÑk•mlo•l_gbqfslp•%E XeX^\d \ek Yp GYa\k`m\j)•J?L&•crb•obpü
m^ia^al•j^pfs^jbkqb•mlo•ilp•molcbpflk^ibp•ab•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•^•jbafa^•nrb•fkqbkü
q^_^k•abjlpqo^o•^•i^•^iq^•afob``fÑk• nrb•i^p•obi^`flkbp• mÖ_if`^p•`lkqof_rÅ^k)• bk•bcb`ql)•^•
ilp• obpriq^alp• ab•i^• bjmobp^+• @ljl•pbÉ^i^• Abofk^• Eliqwe^rpbk)• ab•i^• Rkfsbopfa^a• ab•
Cilofa^7•ëI^•[`i\ZZ`ze•ab•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•obp^iq^•i^•bcf`^`f^•ab•i^•lod^kfw^`fÑk)•i^•afob`ü
`fÑk•\jkiXkw^`ZX•ab•i^•crk`fÑk•jbaf^kqb•rk^•fabkqfcf`^`fÑk•\jkiXkw^`ZX•ab•ilp•mÖ_if`lp)•v•i^•
dbpqfÑk•ab•`lkcif`qlp•mlqbk`f^ibp•m^o^•bsfq^o•rk^•`ofpfpí+
I^•dbpqfÑk• ab•i^•i\glkXZ`ze)•l•g\iZ\gZ`ze'•bo^• i^• bumobpfÑk• ab•jla^• bk• i^• aÄ`^a^• ab•
.66-+• ?roplk*J^opqbiibo)• rk^• ab•i^p• j^vlobp• bjmobp^p• ab•obi^`flkbp• mÖ_if`^p)• ab`fafÑ•
nrb•pr•^`qfsfa^a•mofk`fm^i•kl•bo^k•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•pfkl)•j|p•_fbk)•i^•ëdbpqfÑk•ab•i^•
mbo`bm`fÑkí+•Lqo^p•bjmobp^p•ab`i^o^olk•nrb•pr•^`qfsfa^a•`lkpfpqÅ^•bk•ëdbpqflk^o•i^•obmrü
q^`fÑkí+• Pfk•bj_^odl)•pb•molargl•`fboql•ab_^qb•pl_ob•pf•bp•mlpf_ib•dbpqflk^o•rk^•obmrq^ü
`fÑk)• mlonrb•i^•obmrq^`fÑk•bp•bi•bcb`ql•^`rjri^al•ab•krjbolp^p•^``flkbp•v •^`qfsfa^abp+
Pfk•bj_^odl)• i^• fab^• _|pf`^• bo^• nrb• bi• mboplk^i•ab•obi^`flkbp• mÖ_if`^p•qo^_^g^• m^o^•
j^kqbkbo•i^•`obaf_fifa^a)•m^o^•`lkpqorfo•obi^`flkbp•pÑifa^p•fkqbok^p•v •buqbok^p)•v•m^o^•dbpü
qflk^o•`lkcif`qlp• mlqbk`f^ibp+• Fkebobkqb•^• bpq^• fab^• bp• i^• ab•nrb•bi• mboplk^i• ab•obi^`flü
kbp•mÖ_if`^p•ab_b•ob`roofo•^•i^•fksbpqfd^`fÑk•m^o^•%.&•e^`bo•rk•pbdrfjfbkql•abi•bkqlokl)•
%/&• ob^ifw^o•^rafqloÅ^p• ab•obi^`flkbp• mÖ_if`^p)•%0&• ob^ifw^o•^rafqloÅ^p•ab•`ljrkf`^`fÑk)•v•
%1&•ob^ifw^o•^rafqloÅ^p•pl`f^ibp+•>•qo^sÄp•ab•bpq^p•qÄ`kf`^p)•pbo|•mlpf_ib•jbglo^o•i^•obpmlkü
p^_fifa^a•pl`f^i•ab•i^•bjmobp^+

DV•aaZ\VYV•YZ•aV•bj_Zg•Va•hZXidg
Bk•`r^kql•^i•mboplk^i)• bi•`^j_fl•j|p•ao|pqf`l•e^•pfal•i^•qo^kpcloj^`fÑk•ab•i^p•obi^`flü
kbp•mÖ_if`^p•ab•rk•pb`qlo•aljfk^al•qo^af`flk^ijbkqb•mlo•ilp•s^olkbp•^•rkl•bk•bi•nrb•i^p•
jrgbobp•`lkpqfqrvbk•bi•4-•"•ab•ilp•molcbpflk^ibp+
Bpqb•`^j_fl•pb•e^•bpq^al•molar`fbkal•aro^kqb•s^of^p•aÄ`^a^p+•Bk• .646)•i^p•jrgbobp•
obmobpbkq^_^k• bi•1.• "• abi•pb`qlo+• Bk• .650)•pb•`lksfoqfbolk• bk• i^•j^vloÅ^• %2-).• "&• ab•
i^• mi^kqfii^• ab•i^p•`lkpriqlo^p• v•abm^oq^jbkqlp• ab•obi^`flkbp• mÖ_if`^p+• Rk^• aÄ`^a^•j|p•
q^oab)•i^•`fco^•^i`^kw^_^•bi•33)0• "+•Bk•/---)•bi•mlo`bkq^gb•pb•e^_Å^•bpq^_fifw^al•bk•qljl•
^i• 4-• ")• alkab•ab_b•mboj^kb`bo•bk•i^• ^`qr^ifa^a+• I^p• lod^kfw^`flkbp• k^`flk^ibp• q^jü
_fÄk•obcibg^k•bpq^•qbkabk`f^+•>molufj^a^jbkqb•bi• 42•!• ab•ilp•^cfif^alp•^•i^•Fkqbok^qflü
k^i•9jjfZ`Xk`fe f ] :lj`e\jj ;fddle`ZXkfij rF>?N•plk•jrgbobp•bk•i^•^`qr^ifa^a)•v •i^•MOP>•
^cfoj^•nrb•j|p•abi•3-•"• ab•prp•jfbj_olp•plk•jrgbobp+
Bpq^•pfqr^`fÑk•q^j_fÄk•pb•molar`b•bk•Bpm^É^+•PbdÖk•rk•fkclojb•ab•>AB@B@)•`rvlp•
a^qlp•pb•`bkqo^k•Ökf`^jbkqb•bk•bi•mboplk^i•ab•i^p•`lkpriqlo^p)•i^•afpqof_r`fÑk•bp•ab•34)3•"•
ab•jrgbobp•cobkqb•^•rk•0/)1•"•ab•elj_obp•bk•/--5+•@r^qol•^Élp•^kqbp)•bk•/--1)•i^•pfqr^ü
`fÑk•bo^•pbkpf_ibjbkqb•pfjfi^o)•^rknrb•pb•^mob`f^•nrb•bi•kÖjbol•ab•jrgbobp)•bk•abqofjbkql•
abi•ab•s^olkbp)•pfdrb•^rjbkq^kal•%i^•molmlo`fÑk•bk•/--1•bo^•ab•33)5•"•ab•jrgbobp&+

 


; X g `kl cX • + • I^•bslir`fÑk•ab•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p

= j k l [ `f• [=• ZXjX


R A_kn_Ö_q•aj~qga_q•osc•kscqrp_l• cj•nmbcp•bc•j_q•pcj_agmlcq•ná`jga_q
sp_lrc• j_• qceslb_• kgr_b• bcj• qgejm• vv*• ksaf_q• _`pmaf_`_l•cj•aglrspÜl• n_qÜ•bc• /0•_•3.•î w•fmw•bÉ_•cq•

< cknpcq_q•w•a_sq_q•f_l•sq_bm•bc•k_lcp_•cdga_x•j_q•
pcj_agmlcq•ná`jga_q•n_p_•m`rclcp•slmq•pcqsjr_bmq•
tgqg`jcq,•J_• pctgqr_•JLQ^^d•pcslgÜ•_• sl•epsnm•bc•cvncprmq•
_ál• k_wmpî ì,

å• @VcYh• 9 Xgdhh• 9 b Zg^XV(• J_• k_wmp• amlaclrp_agÜl•


bc• ncpqml_q•cl• j_• fgqrmpg_• qc•amlqgesgÜ• ep_ag_q• _• sl_•
cl•cj•qcarmp•w•ns`jgaÜ•_jesl_q•bc•j_q•íkchmpcq•a_kn_Ö_q•
bc•rmbmq•jmq•rgcknmqì, a_kn_Ö_•bc•pcj_agmlcq• ná`jga_q*•cl• /764*•cl• j_•osc•5•
kgjjmlcq•bc•ncpqml_q•qc•slgcpml•bc•j_•k_lm*•dmpk_lbm•
å• DV•XVbeVyV•V•[Vkdg•YZ• adh•YZgZX]dh•X^k^aZh(• K_prgl• sl_•clmpkc•a_bcl_•fsk_l_*•_•jm•j_pem•bc•rmbm•cj•n_Éq•
Jsrfcp•Igle*•Hp,•dsc•sl•bcdclqmp•bc•jmq•bcpcafmq•agtgjcq• n_p_• amlagclag_p• qm`pc•cj• f_k`pc•w• j_q• ncpqml_q• qgl•
w•sl•ep_l•amkslga_bmp,•Cl•/741•mpe_lgxÜ•sl_•a_kn_Ö_• rcafm,• Glajsqm• cj• npcqgbclrc• Pml_jb• Pc_e_l• n_prgagnÜ•
_•d_tmp•bc• jmq•bcpcafmq•agtgjcq•w•n_p_•cjjm• srgjgxÜ• rÅalgã cl•cjj_,
a_q•amkm• bgqaspqmq• `gcl• cqapgrmq•w• `gcl• jcÉbmq*•a_pr_q*•
gm``gqkm*•w•_armq•ksjrgrsbgl_pgmq-kmtgkgclrmq•lm•tgmã å• KiVgC^hhLjcV(• As_lbm•j_•am`cprsp_•kcbg~rga_•ckncxÜ•
jclrmq•n_p_•amltcprgp•sl•gbc_j•cl• pc_jgb_b, _• f_`j_p• lce_rgt_kclrc• bcj• `mlgrm• nmposc• jmq• bcjdgã
lcq•oscb_`_l• _rp_n_bmq•cl• j_q• pcbcq•bc• jmq• ncqa_bmã
å• FVhV(• Bcqbc• cj• npgkcp• kmkclrm*• j_• L?Q?• fgxm• osc• pcq*• Qr_pIgqq•amlqgesgÜ• a_k`g_p• j_q• np~arga_q•bc• ncqa_,•
cj• Bhnlmhkyl Dhaglhg MiZ\^ =^gm^k•dscp_• _aacqg`jc•_• j_• J_•cknpcq_• fgxm• ná`jgamq•qsq•cqdscpxmq• kcbg_lrc•amlã
npclq_,• Cj• bgpcarmp*•Afpgq• Ip_dr*• glqgqrgÜ• cl• osc• fs`gcp_• dcpclag_q*•fgqrmpg_q•ns`jga_b_q•w•jcÉb_q•cl• jmq•kcbgmq•bc•
a~k_p_q•bc•rcjctgqgÜl•cl• j_• ngqr_•bc•_rcppgx_hc*•cl• /747*• amkslga_agÜl• w•rp_`_h_lbm•hslrm• _• epsnmq• camjmegqã
wc l • jmq•_Ömq•qgesgclrcq•qc• gltgrÜ• _• ncpgmbgqr_q•_• cqr_p• r_q,•?npmvgk_b_kclrc•sl•7.•#•bcj•ná`jgam•amlmagÜ• jmq•
bclrpm• bcj• as_prm• bc• k_lbmq• bsp_lrc• j_• kgqgÜl• bcj• cqdscpxmq•bc• j_• cknpcq_• w•Qr_pIgqq•n_qÜ• _• qcp•amlqgbcã
?nmjm• /1,• Qceál• JLQ^^d'•ícqrmq• kmkclrmq• fgqrÜpgamq• p_b_•amkm• sl• jÉbcp•kcbgm_k`gclr_j,
l_pp_bmq•f_l•amlrpg`sgbm•_•osc•cj•ná`jgam•_acnrc•j_•a_lã
å• DV• Xg^h^h• YZa• LnaZcda(• Qc• f_• amltcprgbm• cl• cj• chck ã
rgb_b• glkclq_•bc•bglcpm•osc•qc•e_qr_•w•_•osc•qc_•amkã
njm• rÉngam•bc• j_• pcasncp_agÜl•bc• sl• npmbsarm,•As_lbm•
npclqgtm•aml•j_q•rpckclb_q•bc`_ajcq•masppgb_q9•w•_•osc*•
Hmflqml•$•Hmflqml•bcqas`pgÜ•osc•f_`É_• kscprm•eclrc•
bc•cqrc•kmbm*•lm•qc•f_w_•nscqrm•cl•ncjgepm•cj•dsrspm•bc•
nmp•sl_q•a~nqsj_q•bc•Rwjclmj•osc•amlrclÉ_l•ag_lspm*•cj•
j_•mpe_lgx_agÜlì,
n~lgam•aslbgÜ•nmp•rmbm•cj•n_Éq,•Ksafmq•nclq_pml•osc•j_•
cknpcq_•lm•qc•g`_•_•pcam`p_p•lsla_•bcj•cdcarm•lce_rgtm,•
å• ;VWWV\Z• HViX]•C^Yh(• Jmq•cqncag_jgqr_q•cl• pcj_agmlcq•
Qgl•ck`_pem*•j_•cknpcq_•fgxm• sl_•a_kn_Ö_•bc•pcasncã
ná`jga_q•dscpml• jmq•osc• nsqgcpml• bc• kmb_• j_q• k sÖcã
p_agÜl*•pcbgqcÖÜ•cj•n_oscrc•bc•n_qrgjj_q•w•j_lxÜ•sl_•a_kã
a_q•_bmnr_`jcq•w•apc_pml• j_•gbc_•bc•sl•hsescrc•osc•íqc•
n_Ö_•cl•jmq•kcbgmq•n_p_•gldmpk_p•_j•ná`jgam,•Cj•pcqsjr_bm•
bc`É_•rclcpì,•J_•a_kn_Ö_•cqr_`jcagÜ•jmq•cqr~lb_pcq•n_p_•
dsc•osc•cj•Rwjclmj• qm`pctgtgÜ•_• j_• apgqgq•w*•bc• lsctm*•qc•
j_• glrpmbsaagÜl• bc• sl• lsctm• npmbsarm• w•bckmqrpÜ• jm•
amltgprgÜ•cl•sl•qsncptclÉ_q,
osc• nscbc•amlqcesgp*• n_p_• sl• npmbsarm*• sl_• nmrclrc•
a_kn_Ö_•bc•pcj_agmlcq•ná`jga_q•cl•jmq•kcbgmq•bc•amksã å• =a•aVcoVb^Zcid•YZ•O^cYdlh•3/(• Cqr_•a_kn_Ö_•cqr~•cl•
lga_agÜl, cj•ncbcqr_j•bc•j_q•a_kn_Ö_q•d_kmq_q,•Kgapmqmdr*•ep_ag_q•
_•j_q•pcj_agmlcq•ná`jga_q•w•_• j_•a_kn_Ö_•cl• jmq•kcbgmq•
å• DV• XVb eVyV• YZa• X^cijgzc• YZ• hZ\jg^YVY• Zc• adh•
bc•amkslga_agÜl*• amlqgesgÜ• osc• cj• 77• #• bcj• ná`jgam•
kZ]xXjadh(• F_ag_• /76.*•j_•glbsqrpg_•bcj•_srmkÜtgj•cqr_ã
amlmagcp_•cj•npmbsarm•_lrcq•bc•j_lx_pjm•_j• kcpa_bm,
bmslgbclqc•amlqgesgÜ• osc• j_• l_agÜl• íqc•_`pmaf_p_• cj•
aglrspÜlì• kcbg_lrc•sl_•a_kn_Ö_•bc•pcj_agmlcq•ná`jgã å• =ciZcYZg•Za•KA<9(• Cqr_•a_kn_Ö_•bc•cbsa_agÜl•m`rstm•
a_q,•J_q•r~arga_q•sq_b_q•amlqgesgcpml•m`rclcp•cj•_nmwm• sl• Åvgrm• pmrslbm• w•amlqgesgÜ• osc•cj• ná`jgam• cqr_bmã
bc• jmq• kcbgmq• bc•amkslga_agÜl• bc•rmbm• cj• n_Éq,• N_p_• slgbclqc•ncpag`gcp_•j_•cldcpkcb_b•bc•k_lcp_•bgqrglr_,•
cjjm•qc•sq_pml•a_pr_q*•cvnmqgrmpcq•glrcp_argtmq*•amj_`mp_ã ?bck~q•bc•sl•dmjjcrm•rgrsj_bm•íClrclbcp•cj• QGB?ì*•osc•
agÜl•bc•d_kmqmq•w•t_pgmq•ctclrmq•n_p_•_rp_cp•am`cprsp_• qc•bgqrpg`swÜ•nmp•rmbm•Cqr_bmq•Slgbmq*•qc•pc_jgx_pml•_argã
Gldmpk_rgt_*• amkm• sl• aglrspÜl• bc• qcespgb_b• ege_lrc• tgb_bcq•cla_kgl_b_q•_•amlagclag_p•amlapcr_kclrc•_•j_•
osc• qc• _`pmafÜ• _jpcbcbmp• bcj• a_prcj• bc• Fmjjwummb,• nm`j_agÜl•_dpm_kcpga_l_•c•fgqn_l_,
JLQ^^d•bgac8• íJmq• pcqsjr_bmq• bc• cqr_• a_kn_Ö_• ds cã
pml• cqncar_asj_pcq9•cj• nmpaclr_hc•bc• ncpqml_q•osc• qc @n^gm^ N a ^` k^Z m^lm\Z f i Zb`g l^o^ktu0•bc•h sjgm•bc•0..0'•JLQ^^d'• /2+/3,

 


H X i k \ • *• Jfc

Bpqlp•kÖjbolp• obcibg^k•i^•fkcirbk`f^• ab•i^• jrgbo•bk• bi• jrkal•i^_lo^i)• bk• qlalp• ilp•


pb`qlobp+• Elv•bk•aÅ^)•i^p•jrgbobp•obmobpbkq^k•bi• 2.• "• ab•ilp•qo^_^g^alobp•molcbpflk^ibp•
ab•Bpq^alp•Rkfalp)•v•q^j_fÄk•bk•jr`elp•m^Åpbp•brolmblp+•Bpqb•pb•mrbab•bumif`^o•mlo•i^•
^cirbk`f^• j^pfs^• ab•i^p• jrgbobp• ^•rkfsbopfa^abp•v •bp`rbi^p• rkfsbopfq^of^p• nrb•e^• qbkfal•
ird^o•bk•ilp•Öiqfjlp•^Élp+• PbdÖk•bi•9d\i`ZXe ;f`dZ`c f]= [lZXk`fe'•i^p•j^qof`ri^`flkbp•ab•
jrgbobp)•abpab•/---)•prmlkbk•bi•3-•"•abi•qlq^i+•Pb•bpqfj^•nrb•i^p•jrgbobp•l_qfbkbk•rk^p•
.32•if`bk`f^qro^p•mlo•`^a^• .--•ab•elj_obp+
Qo^af`flk^ijbkqb)•i^p•jrgbobp•`rop^_^k•`^oobo^p•bk•bar`^`fÑk)•qo^_^gl•pl`f^i•v•`fbkü
`f^p•pl`f^ibp)• mbol•bpl• e^• `^j_f^al+• Elv•bk•aÅ^)• i^p• jrgbobp• pb•if`bk`f^k• j|p• nrb•ilp•
elj_obp• bk• qlalp• ilp• bpqraflp)• bu`bmql• bk• cÅpf`^)• j^qbj|qf`^p)• fkdbkfboÅ^•v•`fbk`f^p•
bjmobp^of^ibp+•Ab•^`rboal•^i•bpqrafl•^kr^i•pl_ob•abm^oq^jbkqlp•ab•mboflafpjl•v•`ljrü
kf`^`fÑk•ob^ifw^al• bk•15-•rkfsbopfa^abp•v •`libdflp• rkfsbopfq^oflp• nrb•iibs^• ^• `^_l• Ibb•
?b`hbo•v•prp•`libd^p•ab•i^•Rkfsbopfa^a•ab•Dblodf^)• bpql•bp•m^oqf`ri^ojbkqb•`fboql•bk•bi•
`^pl•abi•pb`qlo•ab•i^•`ljrkf`^`fÑk+• Bk•/--5)• mlo•bgbjmil)•i^p•jrgbobp•`lm^_^k•bi•31•"•
ab•ilp•if`bk`f^alp•rkfsbopfq^oflp•v•bi•34)2•ab•ilp•moldo^j^p•ab•j|pqbo•v•mlpqdo^al+
Bi• bpqrafl• ab•?b`hbo•q^j_fÄk• jlpqo^_^• nrb•rk• .2• "• ab•ilp• /-.+---•bpqraf^kqbp•
j^qof`ri^alp• bk• bp`rbi^p• ab•mboflafpjl)• rklp• 0-+---)• pb•bpmb`f^ifw^_^k• bk•obi^`flkbp•
mÖ_if`^p+• Ab•bpb•kÖjbol)•pb•bpqfj^•nrb•bi•4-*42•!• plk•jrgbobp)• rk•mlo`bkq^gb•nrb•kl•
e^•`^j_f^al•jr`el•abpab•/---+• Bk•Bpm^É^)•i^p•jrgbobp•j^qof`ri^a^p•bk•ilp•Do^alp•ab•
Mr_if`fa^a•v•Obi^`flkbp•MÖ_if`^p•obmobpbkq^k•^molufj^a^jbkqb•bi•5-•"+
Pb•e^k•a^al•jr`e^p•o^wlkbp•m^o^•bumif`^o•bpqb•cbkÑjbkl8•^idrk^p•ab•bii^p•plk7
†• I^p• jrgbobp• bk`rbkqo^k• bk• bi•pb`qlo•ab•i^p• obi^`flkbp• mÖ_if`^p• rk•bkqlokl• j|p•
cibuf_ib•m^o^•`lk`fif^o•sfa^•molcbpflk^i•v•c^jfif^o+
†• I^p•jrgbobp•d^k^k•j|p• bk•bi•pb`qlo•ab•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p• nrb•bk•lqolp•`^jü
mlp•`bo`^klp•`ljl•i^•mobkp^•bp`ofq^)•i^•o^afl•l•i^•qbibsfpfÑk+
†• Rk^•jrgbo•mrbab•`ob^o•rk^•`lkpriqlo^• ab•obi^`flkbp• mÖ_if`^p•pfk•jr`el•abpbjü
_lipl•l)•fk`irpl)• qo^_^g^o•ab•j^kbo^•fkabmbkafbkqb•abpab•pr•`^p^+
†• I^p• jrgbobp• prbibk• qbkbo• j|p• `^m^`fa^a• ab• bp`r`e^• v • `ljrkf`^`fÑk•nrb• ilp•
elj_obp+
†• I^p•jrgbobp•prbibk•pbo•`lkpfabo^a^p•j|p•o^wlk^_ibp•nrb•ilp•elj_obp•^•i^•elo^•ab•
c^`fifq^o•rk^•`ljrkf`^`fÑk•_fafob``flk^i+

Cl• cj•rp_`_hm
rLA;9
> • ^• ^ g k )

ê?•osgÅl•amlrp_r_pÉ_•sqrcb=
l•cj•qcarmp•bc•j_q•pcj_agmlcq•ná`jgã bgtcpqgb_b,• Cl• cqrc• kmkclrm• lcacã êOsÅ•f_pÉ_• sqrcb=•B_bm•osc•j_• k_wmã

= a_q• f_w• nmamq• fmk`pcq• rp_`_ã


h_lbm•w•nma_•pcnpcqclr_agÜl•bc•
j_q•kglmpÉ_q•Årlga_q,•Qs•amlqsjrmp_• lm•
qgr_• sl• bgpcarmp•dgl_lagcpm,•Bc• jmq•AT•
pcag`gbmq*•qgcrc•ncprclcacl•_• kshcpcq•
w•bmq•_•fmk`pcq*•bc•jmq•as_jcq•slm•cq•
pÉ_• bcj• ncpqml_j• cqr~• amknscqrm• nmp•
kshcpcq•w•osc•lm• bc`c• f_`cp•bgqapgã
kgl_agÜl• bc• eÅlcpm• êamlrp_r_pÉ_• _•
cq• sl_• cvacnagÜl*•_npmvgk_b_kclrc• bc•sl• fmk`pc•_dpm_kcpga_lm,•Sl_•bc• slm•bc• jmq•bmq•a_lbgb_rmq=•QG• cq•_qÉ*•
cj•6.•#•bcj•ncpqml_j•qml•kshcpcq•w•f_w• j_q•kshcpcq•rgclc•sl•AT•cvacjclrc•wc q• ê_•as~j•bc•jmq•bmq=•êM•amlrp_pÉ_• sqrcb•
sl_•kshcp•bc•m•pgecl•fgqn_lm,•Sqrcb•cq• j_• kchmp•a_lbgb_r_*• ncpm• r_k`gÅl• jm• _j• kchmp•a_lbgb_rm*•osc•cq•sl_•bc•j_q•
cj• npmngcr_pgm•bc•j_•dgpk_• w•apcc•cl• j_ rgclcl•jmq•bmq•a_lbgb_rmq•k_qasjglmq, kshcpcq=

 


; X g `kl cX • + • I^•bslir`fÑk•ab•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p

@j_gp•Afpgqrgc*• QTN* Eclctgctc• F_jbck_l*•TN*• Hsjgc• F_kn*• QTN•bc•


Ejm`_j•Ampnmp_rc• Ampnmp_rc• Amkkslga_rgmlq• NcnqgAm•Amkkslga_rgmlq
Amkkslga_rgmlq•bc•Agqam bc• Qwk_lrca

@crrw•Fsbqml*• CTN• ?llc• KaA_prfw*• CTN•Ampnmp_rc• Lcamjc• Kcppgrr*•TN


Amkkslga_rgmlq•bc• Amkkslga_rgmlq•_lb• Ns`jga• Ns`jga•?dd_gpq
L_rgml_j•Ecmep_nfga•Qmagcrw ?dd_gpq•bc•Ucqrcpl• Slgml bc•Amv•Amkkslga_rgmlq

K_pw•Qrsrrq*• QTN• A,• Ncppw•Wc_rk_l*• QTN•


Ampnmp_rc• Pcj_rgmlq• Ampnmp_rc•?dd_gpq•
bc• Cj_l• Nf_pk_acsrga_jq bc• Ip_dr•Dmmbq

Ej_ZgZh•Zc•aVh•gZaVX^dcZh•e{Wa^XVh
Cqrc•epsnm•bc•kshcpcq•chcknjgdga_•cj•_skclrm•bc• kshcpcq•cl•nscqrmq•bgpcargtmq•bc•ep_lbcq•
cknpcq_q•w•dgpk_q•bc•pcj_agmlcq•ná`j•ëa_q,
NVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV

Ab•fdr^i•j^kbo^)• rk•bpqrafl•obcibg^•nrb•i^p•jrgbobp•d^k^k•jbklp•afkbol•bk• bi•pb`ü


qlo•ab•i^p• obi^`flkbp• mÖ_if`^p• nrb•prp• `libd^p• elj_obp• $mwXj\• i^• q^_i^• ab•p^i^oflp• abi•
@^mÅqril• .&+• Bpql• bp)• q^j_fÄk)• rk• obcibgl• ab•i^• pl`fba^a• bpq^alrkfabkpb)• bk• alkab•i^p•
bpq^aÅpqf`^p•klp•bkpbÉ^k•nrb•i^p•jrgbobp•nrb•qo^_^g^k•i^•glj^a^•`ljmibq^•d^k^k•jbklp)•
bk•`r^inrfbo•pb`qlo)• nrb•prp•`ljm^Ébolp•elj_obp+
Rk^•pbofb•ab•bpqraflp•ab•fksbpqfd^`fÑk•e^k• molcrkafw^al•bk•bi• m^mbi•v •bpq^qrp•ab•i^•
jrgbo•bk•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p+•>idrklp•ab•bpqlp•bpqraflp•pb•e^k•`bkqo^al•bk•i^•afcbobkü
`f^•p^i^of^i•bkqob•elj_obp•v •jrgbobp)•v •e^k•iibd^al•^•`lk`irpflkbp•afsbop^p+• Rklp•af`bk•
nrb•i^• afcbobk`f^• pb•molar`b•mlonrb•i^p• jrgbobp•qfbkbk•jbklp•bumbofbk`f^•bk• bi•pb`qlo)•
mlo•il•nrb•abp^oolii^k•qo^_^glp•jbklp•`r^ifcf`^alp•bk•sbw•ab•bpq^o•bk•mrbpqlp•ab•afob`ü
`fÑk+• Lqolp)• nrb•i^p•jrgbobp•kl•qfbkbk•jbkqlobp•kf• jlabilp•^• pbdrfo)• il•nrb•ifjfq^• prp•
^pmfo^`flkbp•molcbpflk^ibp+•Fk`irpl)•e^v•nrfbk•^pbdro^•nrb•bp•rk•pb`qlo•qla^sÅ^•aljfk^al•
mlo•elj_obp)• nrb•fjmlkbk•rk•ëqb`el•ab•`ofpq^ií•nrb•afcf`riq^•bi•^s^k`b•ab•i^p•jrgbobp+
>rknrb•ilp•mrbpqlp•ab•afob``fÑk•bk•bi•pb`qlo•ab•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•pfdrbk•bpq^kal)•
j^vlofq^of^jbkqb)• bk• j^klp• ab•elj_obp)• i^• obmobpbkq^`fÑk•cbjbkfk^•e^•^rjbkq^al•
klq^_ibjbkqb•bk•ilp•Öiqfjlp•^Élp+•Rkl•ab•ilp•fkaf`^alobp•bp•i^•>oqero•T+•M^db•Pl`fbqv)•
`ljmrbpq^•mlo•bgb`rqfslp• ab•i^•`ljrkf`^`fÑk)•v•bk•i^•nrb•^elo^• bi•mlo`bkq^gb•ab•jrgbü
obp•bp•abi•2-•"+•Bk•i^•m|dfk^•26•pb•jrbpqo^•rk^•obmobpbkq^`fÑk•ab•jrgbobp•afob`qfs^p•nrb•
plk•jfbj_olp•ab•i^•>oqero•M^db•Pl`fbqv+
Bpq^• qbkabk`f^• q^j_fÄk•pb•bsfabk`f^• bk•Bpm^É^+•Jfbkqo^p• nrb•bk•/--1•i^• afpqof_rü
`fÑk•mlo•pbulp•ab•ilp•^iqlp•afob`qfslp•ab•i^p•cfoj^p• ab•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•bo^• ab•03)2• "•
ab•jrgbobp)•cobkqb•^i•30)2• "•ab•s^olkbp)•bk•/--5•bi•mlo`bkq^gb•ab•jrgbobp•`lk•`^odlp•ab•
^iq^•afob``fÑk•bk•i^p•`lkpriqlo^p•nrb•lmbo^k•bk•Bpm^É^•^rjbkqÑ•e^pq^•bi•1.)6•"+

+
• HguXi^XVh•n•iZcYZcX^Vh•YZ•]dn
Bk•/---)•rk•dorml•ab•molcbplobp•v•molcbpflk^ibp•`lk`bmqr^ifw^olk•i^•mo|`qf`^•ab•obi^`flü
kbp•mÖ_if`^p•`ljl•ë ^\jk`ze [\ cXj i\cXZ`fe\jÑ•_^p|kalpb)• m^o^•bpqb•`lk`bmql)•bk•i^•fab^•ab•
nrb•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•`lkpqorvbk•v •j^kqfbkbk•i^•obi^`fÑk•`lk•ilp•afsboplp•mÖ_if`lp•
ab•rk^•lod^kfw^`fÑk+•I^•fab^•e^•`r^g^al•bk•bi•pb`qlo•abi•j^ohbqfkd8• bi•dXib\k`e^ i\cXZ`f(•
eXc•e^`b•obcbobk`f^•^i•bpcrbowl•ob^ifw^al•mlo•`lkpbdrfo•rk^•obi^`fÑk•pÑifa^•v•^_fboq^•`lk•
bi•`ljmo^alo•ab•rk•molar`ql•l•rpr^ofl•ab•rk•pbosf`fl+
I^•dbpqfÑk•ab•i^p•obi^`flkbp•molsfbkb•ab•i^•fab^•ab•Dorkfd•ab•i^•`ljrkf`^`fÑk•_faf*•
ob``flk^i•pfjÄqof`^)• mbol•s^•j|p•^ii|•^i•ob`lkl`bo•nrb•ilp•mÖ_if`lp• ab•rk^•lod^kfw^`fÑk•
plk)•`ljl•af`b•Pqbmebk•?orkfkd)• ab•i^•@^mfq^i•Rkfsbopfqv)• ë^`qfslp)• fkqbo^`qfslp•v•m^oü
qf`fm^kqbp• ^•m^oqbp• fdr^ibp• bk•rk• mol`bpl•ab•`ljrkf`^`fÑk• ^_fboqlí+• ?orkfkd•`lkqfkr^7•
ëI^p•lod^kfw^`flkbp)• mlo•il•dbkbo^i)•`lkpfdrbk•p^qfpc^`bo•i^p•kb`bpfa^abp• ab•`ljrkf`^ü
`fÑk• ab•`lkqbkfal•%`ljrkf`^o•^i• mÖ_if`l•`i^sb•il•nrb•bpq|• m^p^kal&)• mbol•prbibk• c^ii^o•
bk•i^•`ljrkf`^`fÑk•obi^`flk^i•%e^`bo•nrb•bi•mÖ_if`l•`i^sb•pb•pfbkq^•s^ilo^al•bk•i^•obi^ü
`fÑk&í+
Rk^•buqbkpfÑk• ab•bpqb•jlabil•bp• bi•jlabil•[`Xcz^`Zf•%ab•af|ildl&•nrb•prodfÑ•^•m^oü
qfo•ab•/---+•Jf`e^bi•Hbkq)•ab•i^•Jlkq`i^fo•Rkfsbopfqv)•v •J^robbk•Q^vilo)•ab•i^•Orqdbop•
Rkfsbopfqv)•bp`of_fbolk•bk•rk•^oqÅ`ril•mr_if`^al•bk•i^•HlYc`Z J\cXk`fej J\m`\iX•nrb•ëabpab•
e^`b•rk•qfbjml)•pb•e^•molar`fal•rk•dfol•qbÑof`l•bk•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p)•abpab•i^•mo|`ü
qf`^•nrb•e^`Å^•efk`^mfÄ•bk•i^•afob``fÑk•ab•i^•`ljrkf`^`fÑk•e^pq^•rk^•mo|`qf`^•bk•i^•nrb•bi•
Äkc^pfp•pb•mlkb•bk•i^•`ljrkf`^`fÑk•`ljl•eboo^jfbkq^•ab•kbdl`f^`fÑk•ab•i^p•obi^`flkbpí+•
Hbkq•v•Q^vilo•^cfoj^k•nrb•rk^•_rbk^•obi^`fÑk•af^ild^kqb•obnrfbob•e^_fifa^abp•`ljl7
ë+++•`^m^`fa^a•ab•bp`r`e^)•bjm^qf^)•pbo•`^m^w•ab•`lkqbuqr^ifw^o•ilp•^prkqlp•bk•j^o`lp•il`^ü
ibp)•k^`flk^ibp•b•fkqbok^`flk^ibp)•pbo•`^m^w•ab•fabkqfcf`^o•ilp•mrkqlp•bk•`ljÖk•bkqob•alp•
m^oqbp)•mbkp^o•^•i^odl•mi^wl•bk•sbw•ab•^•`loql•mi^wl)•fabkqfcf`^o•dormlp•b•fkafsfarlp•`lk•
mrkqlp•ab•sfpq^•afpqfkqlp•v•mbafo•lmfkfÑk•q^kql•fkqbok^•`ljl•buqbok^•bk•qbj^p•mliÅqf`lpí+
Bi•`lk`bmql•ab•af|ildl•bkc^qfw^•jbklp•i^•afpqof_r`fÑk•ab•jbkp^gbp•jbaf^kqb•jbaflp•
ab•`ljrkf`^`fÑk• nrb• jbaf^kqb•`^k^ibp• fkqbomboplk^ibp+• Hbkq•v•Q^vilo)• mlo•bgbjmil)

 


; X g `kl cX • + • I^•bslir`fÑk•ab•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p

^cfoj^k• nrb•Fkqbokbq•v •i^• Oba• plk•sbeÅ`rilp• bu`bibkqbp• m^o^• bi• af|ildl• pf•i^p• m|dfk^p•
plk•fkqbo^`qfs^p7• ëI^• Oba•pb•mrbab•rp^o•m^o^• rk^• `ljrkf`^`fÑk• afob`q^• `lk• bi• mÖ_if`l•
jbaf^kqb•ilp•ab_^qbp•^•qfbjml•ob^i)•i^•obqol^ifjbkq^`fÑk)•ilp•pfqflp•m^o^•mr_if`^o•`ljbkü
q^oflp)•i^p•crbkqbp•ab•fkcloj^`fÑk•bjmobp^of^i•v •i^•mr_if`^`fÑk•ab•i^p•_fldo^cÅ^p•v•abq^iibp•
ab•`lkq^`ql•abi•mboplk^i•ab•i^•bjmobp^í+
Mbol)• mlo•prmrbpql)• bi• abp^ooliil•j|p•ob`fbkqb•bp•i^• ^m^of`fÑk•ab•i^p•obabp•pl`f^ibp+•
Bi• krbsl• jrkal•ab•i^• `ljrkf`^`fÑk•prmlkb•rk•ë`ljmoljfplí)• nrb•bp•lqo^• cloj^• ab•
bumobp^o•bi•`lk`bmql•ab•af|ildl•bkqob•rk^•bjmobp^•v•prp•mÖ_if`lp•molmrbpql•mlo•Hbkq•v•
Q^vilo+• Bp•rk•eb`el•nrb•i^p•obabp•pl`f^ibp•e^k•obslir`flk^al•i^•mo|`qf`^•ab•i^p•obi^`flü
kbp•mÖ_if`^p•bk•bi•jlal•ab•`ljrkf`^`fÑk•bkqob•i^p•bjmobp^p•v•prp•`ifbkqbp)• molsbbalobp•
v •bjmib^alp• bk•pfqflp•`ljl•C^`b_llh)•VlrQr_b•b)• fk`irpl)• Qtfqqbo+• Bpq^• obslir`fÑk•pb•
^k^ifw^o|•j|p•bk•molcrkafa^a•bk•bi•@^mÅqril• .0+
>rknrb•e^•e^_fal•rk^•`fboq^•moldobpfÑk•ifkb^i•bk•i^•mo|`qf`^•v •cfilplcÅ^•ab•i^p•obi^`flü
kbp•mÖ_if`^p•pbdÖk•pb•e^•bum^kafal•bi•pb`qlo)•i^•mo|`qf`^•^`qr^i•bp•rk^•jbw`i^•ab•jlabilp+•
Qla^sÅ^•bufpqb•bi•mr_if`fpq^,^dbkqb•ab•mobkp^•ab•Eliivtlla•v •i^•^dbk`f^•ab•mobkp^•dr_boü
k^jbkq^i+•Q^j_fÄk•pfdrb•bufpqfbkal•i^•`ljrkf`^`fÑk•ab•j^ohbqfkd)•^rknrb•bpq^•rqfif`b•
bu`irpfs^jbkqb•bi•`lk`bmql•ab•mbopr^pfÑk•`fbkqÅcf`^•v•i^•`ljrkf`^`fÑk•_fafob``flk^i•^pfü
jÄqof`^+•Pfk•bj_^odl)•bk•i^•dbpqfÑk•ab•`lkcif`qlp•mlqbk`f^ibp•v•bk•i^•`lkpqor``fÑk•ab•obi^ü
`flkbp)•ilp•jlabilp•_fafob``flk^i•pfjÄqof`l•v •af^iÑdf`l•m^ob`bk•pbo•ilp•j|p•^ab`r^alp+
Lqol•jlabil•nrb•s^•d^k^kal•^`bmq^`fÑk•obqlj^•i^•fab^•ab•nrb•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•
ab_boÅ^k•pbo•^idl•j|p•nrb•bi•bpq^_ib`fjfbkql•ab•rk^•obi^`fÑk+•Bi•molcbplo•D bk•@^jbolk)•ab•
i^•Rkfsbopfa^a•ab•Jfpplrof)•`l^rqlo•ab•bpqb•if_ol)•^cfoj^•nrb•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•ab_boÅ^k•
pbo•j|p•`^qbdÑof`^p•v•nrb•i^•jbglo•abcfkf`fÑk•bp•i^•nrb•^cfoj^•nrb•plk•i^•afob``fÑk•bpqo^qÄdf`^•
ab•i^•`ljmbqfqfsfa^a•v •ilp•`lkcif`qlp•bk•fkqboÄp•ab•i^•lod^kfw^`fÑk•v)•pf•bp•mlpf_ib)•q^j_fÄk•bk•
fkqboÄp•abi•mÖ_if`l+•Bpqb•`lk`bmql•pb•afp`rqb•bk•molcrkafa^a•bk•bi•@^mÅqril• .-+

<ZhVggdaad•VXijVa
>•il•i^odl•ab•i^• efpqlof^)• i^• mo|`qf`^• ab•i^p•obi^`flkbp• mÖ_if`^p•e^• pfal•rk•obcibgl•ab•i^p•
crbow^p•pl`f^ibp)•b`lkÑjf`^p•v •`riqro^ibp•nrb•e^k•fal•jlabi^kal•b•fkcirvbkal•^•i^•pl`fbü
a^a+•Bi•pb`qlo•ab•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•bpq|•bk•`lkqfkr^•bslir`fÑk•v)•bk•bi•crqrol)•e^_o|•
rk•abp^ooliil•afpqfkql•nrb•i^p• fo|• mrifbkal+• >•`lkqfkr^`fÑk•pb•jrbpqo^k• ^idrk^p• ab•i^p•
qbkabk`f^p•^`qr^ibp7
Mc•bjcYd•bjai^XjaijgVa(• Sfsfjlp•bk•rk•jrkal•jriqf`riqro^i•nrb•obnrfbob•bi•`lklü
`fjfbkql•v •i^• `ljmobkpfÑk• ab•rklp• mÖ_if`lp• jrv•afsboplp+• I^p•jfkloÅ^p• Äqkf`^p)• mlo•
bgbjmil)•`lkpqfqrfo|k•rk•qbo`fl•ab•i^•ml_i^`fÑk•bpq^alrkfabkpb•bk•/-.3+•Bk•qÄojfklp•ab•
b`lkljÅ^•dil_^i)•bi•`ob`fjfbkql•ab•Fkaf^•v •@efk^•pbo|•ab•rk•1-•"•e^pq^•/-/-)•bk•`ljm^ü
o^`fÑk•`lk•bi• .2•"•ab•Bpq^alp•Rkfalp•l•bi• .-•"•ab•Brolm^+•I^•bjmobp^•Alt•@ebjf`^i•
qfbkb•v^•rk•5-•"•ab•prp•bjmib^alp•bk•ird^obp•crbo^•ab•Bpq^alp•Rkfalp•v •Pq^o_r`hp•qfbkb•
mobsfpql•^_ofo•0-+---•pr`rop^ibp•mlo•qlal•bi•jrkal•bk•ilp•moÑufjlp•^Élp+
>i•jfpjl•qfbjml)•pb•bpqfj^• nrb•bk•/-/-•e^_o|• 4--•jfiilkbp• ab•mboplk^p• j^vlobp•
ab•32• ^Élp+• Bk•/-2-)• rk•1/• !• ab•i^• ml_i^`fÑk•g^mlkbp^• qbkao|• j|p•ab•3-•^Élp+• Q^jü
_fÄk•e^_o|•j|p•`elnrbp•`riqro^ibp+•Mlo•bgbjmil)• bk• /-0-•pb•`^i`ri^•nrb•rk•/2• "• ab•i^•
ml_i^`fÑk• ab•Co^k`f^• bpq^o|• `ljmrbpq^• mlo•jrprij^kbp+• Bi• jrkal•pb•`lkb`q^8• ^`qr^iü
jbkqb•e^v•/+---•jfiilkbp•ab•mboplk^p•`lk•`lkbufÑk•^•Fkqbokbq•v•1+---•jfiilkbp•qfbkbk•
qbiÄclklp• jÑsfibp+•Bi•`ob`fjfbkql•bp)• l_sf^jbkqb)• j|p•o|mfal•bk• ilp• m^Åpbp• abp^oolii^ü
alp+• Coba•@llh)• mobpfabkqb•ab•Dlifk•E^oofp)• ^cfoj^7• ëBi•dfol•pÅpjf`l•e^`f^• i^• dil_^if*•
w^`fÑk•v •bi•jriqf`riqro^ifpjl•`^j_f^o|•i^•`ljrkf`^`fÑk+•V^•kl•pbo|•prcf`fbkqb•afofdfopb•
^•i^p•`riqro^p•bjbodbkqbp•`lk•mo|`qf`^p•`bkqo^a^p•bk•ilp•dormlp•Äqkf`lp+• Bk•i^p•moÑufj^p

 


H X i k \ • *• Jfc

aÄ`^a^p)• bi• bkclnrb•bqkl`Äkqof`l•^`qr^i•pbo|• prpqfqrfal•mlo•rk^• mbopmb`qfs^• j|p• eliÅp*•


qf`^í•$mwXj\•bi•@^mÅqril• ..&+
;dcigViVX^zc•YV•b^cdgxVh(• Rk•obql•`lkpq^kqb•bk•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•bp•i^•`lkqo^ü
q^`fÑk• ab•mboplk^i• molsbkfbkqb•ab•afsboplp•dormlp• Äqkf`lp• nrb•obcibgb•j|p•sbo^wjbkqb•
i^p•`^o^`qboÅpqf`^p•abjldo|cf`^p•ab•i^•ml_i^`fÑk•abi•m^Åp•bk•`rbpqfÑk+
PbdÖk• i^• Lcf`fk^• abi•@bkpl• ab•Bpq^alp•Rkfalp)• bi•dorml• nrb•j|p•o|mfal• `ob`b•v•
nrb•bp•j^vlo•elv•aÅ^•bp•bi•ab•ilp•efpm^klp+•>`qr^ijbkqb)• obmobpbkq^k•rk• .1•"•abi•qlq^i•
ab•ml_i^`fÑk)• cobkqb•^i• ./)5•ab•ml_i^`fÑk•^col^jbof`^k^)• bi•1•"•ab•^pf|qf`lp•v•bi• .• "• ab•
^jbof`^klp•k^qfslp+• Abpdo^`f^a^jbkqb)• v •^• mbp^o•abi•`ob`fjfbkql•ab•i^p• jfkloÅ^p•bk•i^•
ml_i^`fÑk•dbkbo^i)•bk•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•k^a^•e^•`^j_f^al•jr`el+•PbdÖk•i^•Lcf`fk^•
ab•Bpq^aÅpqf`^p•I^_lo^ibp•ab•Bpq^alp•Rkfalp)• bi•mlo`bkq^gb•ab•molcbpflk^ibp•_i^k`lp•bk•
i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•bp•ab•rk•6-•"+
Jr`elp• bjmobp^oflp• bumobp^k•pr• abpbl• ab•`lkqo^q^o• ^•j|p•dbkqb•mol`babkqb• ab•
jfkloÅ^p•Äqkf`^p)• mbol•bi•mofk`fm^i•l_pq|`ril•bp•nrb•kl•pb•bk`rbkqo^k•molcbpflk^ibp•_fbk•
mobm^o^alp+• Ilp•bpqraf^kqbp•`lk•rk•lofdbk•o^`f^i•l•Äqkf`l•jfklofq^ofl•obmobpbkq^k•plil•
bi•0-•"•abi•qlq^i•ab•rkfsbopfq^oflp•j^qof`ri^alp•bk•mboflafpjl•l•`ljrkf`^`fÑk+•Rk•plkü
abl•eb`el• mlo•HJO\\b•pl_ob•afsbopfa^a•`lk`irvÑ•nrb•bi• 3/• "• ab•ilp• molcbpflk^ibp• ab•
`lilo•^• ilp• nrb•pb•ibp• mobdrkqÑ•obpmlkafÑ•nrb•ëkl•qbkbo•prcf`fbkqbp• jlabilp• ab•^`qr^ü
`fÑkí•bo^•i^•j^vlo•_^oobo^•^•i^•nrb•pb•bkcobkq^_^•bi•pb`qlo•^•i^•elo^•ab•afsbopfcf`^o•bi•lofü
dbk•ab•prp•molcbpflk^ibp+
Yclof^p•lod^kfw^`flkbp•k^`flk^ibp•e^k•bjmbw^al•^•abp^oolii^o•moldo^j^p•m^o^•^rjbkü
q^o•bi•kÖjbol•ab•molcbpflk^ibp•mol`babkqbp•ab•jfkloÅ^p+
=a•VYkZc^b^Zcid•YZ•aV•igVcheVgZcX^V(• I^•`ljrkf`^`fÑk•dil_^i•fkjbaf^q^)•ilp•bp`|kü
a^ilp• cfk^k`fbolp)• i^• kloj^qfs^• dr_bok^jbkq^i•v • i^• `ob`fbkqb•bufdbk`f^•mlo•m^oqb•abi•
mÖ_if`l•ab•i^•obpmlkp^_fifa^a•pl`f^i)•e^k•eb`el•kb`bp^ofl•nrb•qla^p•i^p•fkpqfqr`flkbp•ab•
i^•pl`fba^a)•fk`irfa^p•i^p• bjmobp^p• v•i^• fkarpqof^)• abp^ooliibk• ^`qfsfa^abp• j|p• qo^kpm^ü
obkqbp+
Rk•^oqÅ`ril•pl_ob• i^• mlpf`fÑk• ab•Sl`rp)•rk^• bjmobp^• ab•jf]knXi\•ab•`ljrkf`^`fÑk)•
il• bumobp^• `i^o^jbkqb7• ëQla^• ^``fÑk•ab•rk^•lod^kfw^`fÑk• bpq|• prgbq^• ^i•bp`orqfkfl• abi•
mÖ_if`l+•Qlal)• abpab•i^•obqof_r`fÑk•ab•rk•afob`qlo•dbkbo^i•e^pq^•bi•m^Åp•alkab•i^•mi^kq^•
j^krc^`qrobo^• ^anrfbob•prp• j^qbof^ibp)• pb•`lkpfabo^• l_gbql• abi• ab_^qb•mÖ_if`lí+• I^p•
d^k^k`f^p• ab•i^• _^k`^• v•ilp•prbialp• ab•ilp• _^knrbolp•plk•rk•`i^ol• bgbjmil• ab•biil• bk•
Bpm^É^•v•lqolp•m^Åpbp•^cb`q^alp•mlo•i^•`ofpfp•b`lkÑjf`^•nrb•bjmbwÑ•bk•/--6+
Bi•Fkpqfqrqb•lc•Mr_if`•Obi^qflkp•ab•Obfkl•Rkfal•^cfoj^•nrb•bi•mboplk^i•ab•obi^`flkbp•
mÖ_if`^p•e^•`^j_f^al•`lkpfabo^_ibjbkqb•aro^kqb•i^•Öiqfj^•aÄ`^a^7•ëBk•sbw•ab•rqfifw^opb•
crka^jbkq^ijbkqb•m^o^• fkcirfo•v•d^k^opb•rk^•`l_boqro^• jbaf|qf`^)• i^p• lod^kfw^`flkbp•
bpq|k•rqfifw^kal•i^p•obi^`flkbp• mÖ_if`^p•m^o^•`ljrkf`^opb•`lk•prp•mÖ_if`lp•bpqo^qÄdf`lp)•
v^•nrb•i^•pl`fba^a•bufdb•j|p•qo^kpm^obk`f^í+
9bea^VX^zc•YVa•eVeVa•YV•aVh•gVaVX^dcVh•e{Wa^XVh(• Ilp•molcbpflk^ibp•v^•e^k•pfqr^al•
i^p• obi^`flkbp• mÖ_if`^p•`ljl•^idl•j|p• nrb•obi^`flkbp•`lk•i^• mobkp^)• mbol•bpq^p• d^k^kü
`f^p)• aro^jbkqb•`lkpbdrfa^p)• ab_bk•obclow^opb•bk•ilp• moÑufjlp•^Élp• ^• jbafa^• nrb• ilp•
^pbplobp•afob`qfslp•v •ab•j^ohbqfkd•bkqobk•bk•bi•pb`qlo•`lk•bi•l_gbqfsl•ab•`lkpqorfo•q^jü
_fÄk•obi^`flkbp•`lk• afpqfkqlp• mÖ_if`lp+•Qlj• D^_ib)•rk• ^pbplo•ab•obi^`flkbp• mÖ_if`^p• ab•
P^k• Afbdl)• ^cfoj^7• ëKrbpqol•obql•v•krbpqo^•lmloqrkfa^a•pbo|• mlpbbo•i^p•|ob^p•ab•mlpf*•
alk^jfbkql)•`ob^`fÑk•ab•j^o`^p)•dbpqfÑk•ab•i^•obmrq^`fÑk•v •`lkpqor``fÑk•ab•obi^`flkbp•
^•i^odl•mi^wl•`lk•jÖiqfmibp•mÖ_if`lp•bpqo^qÄdf`lpí+•@^a^•sbw•j|p)•bi•mboplk^i•ab•obi^`flü
kbp•mÖ_if`^p•abpbjmbÉ^o|•rk•m^mbi•^Ök•j^vlo•bk•i^•mi^kfcf`^`fÑk•v•bgb`r`fÑk•ab•`^jm^ü
É^p•ab•`ljrkf`^`fÑk•fkqbdo^a^+
; X g `kl cX • + • I^•bslir`fÑk•ab•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p

JZhedchVW^a^YVY•hdX^Va•XdgedgVi^kV(• Bi•`^ibkq^jfbkql•dil_^i)•i^•fkqbdofa^a•abi•jbafl•
^j_fbkqb)• bi•abp^ooliil•plpqbkf_ib)•bi•qo^ql•grpql•^•ilp•qo^_^g^alobp•ab•qlal•bi•jrkal)•i^•
`^ifa^a•v •pbdrofa^a•ab•ilp• molar`qlp•v •i^p•`^abk^p• ab•prjfkfpqolp• Äqf`^p•plk• qbj^p• nrb•
bpq|k•elv•bk•aÅ^•bk•i^•^dbka^•ab•qla^p•i^p•bjmobp^p•v•lod^kfw^`flkbp+•Qlalp•ilp•bibjbkü
qlp• ab•rk^• lod^kfw^`fÑk• bpq|k• fkslir`o^alp• bk•i^•`ob^`fÑk• ab•rk^• bjmobp^•pl`f^ijbkqb•
obpmlkp^_ib)•mbol•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•s^k•^•grd^o•rk•m^mbi•abqbojfk^kqb+•G^jbp•Jro*•
mev)•afob`qlo•dbkbo^i•ab•`ljrkf`^`fÑk•dil_^i• ab•>``bkqrob)• il•bumobp^•ab•bpq^•j^kbo^7•
ëBi• mboplk^i• ab•obi^`flkbp• mÖ_if`^p•bpq|• bk• mofjbo^• iÅkb^• m^o^• ^rjbkq^o•i^• `lkcf^kw^•v•
`obaf_fifa^a•ab•i^• bjmobp^7• v•`lloafk^o•ilp• bpcrbowlp•`lomlo^qfslp• e^a^• i^• obpmlkp^_fü
ifa^a•pl`f^i+• Biilp•plk• ilp•nrb•qo^q^k)• `^a^• aÅ^)• ilp• ^prkqlp• ab•`lkcf^kw^)• mlo• il• q^kql)•
bpq^jlp•bk• _rbk^• mlpf`fÑk• m^o^•afofdfjlp•^•biilpí+• Bpqb•qbj^•pb•^k^ifw^o|•j|p• bk•molü
crkafa^a•bk•bi•@^mÅqril• .4)•Bjmobp^p+
EVndg•wc[Vh^h•Vc•aV•VkVajVX^zc(• Ilp•molcbpflk^ibp•ab•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•pbdrfo|k•
jbglo^kal•i^p•qÄ`kf`^p•ab•jbaf`fÑk•m^o^•jlpqo^o•^•i^•afob``fÑk•`Ñjl•mrbabk•`lkqof_rfo•
prp•^`qfsfa^abp•ab•j^kbo^•bpbk`f^i+
Rk^• afjbkpfÑk• bp• bi•obkafjfbkql• l• obqljl• ab•i^•fksbopfÑk•%OLF&+• PbdÖk• H^qeiv•
@ofmpp)•mobpfabkq^•abi•@lkpbgl•ab•Bjmobp^p•ab•Obi^`flkbp•MÖ_if`^p)•e^v•lqo^p•alp•fjmloü
q^kqbp•afjbkpflkbp•ab•i^•jbaf`fÑk• nrb•plk•%.&•i^•jbaf`fÑk•ab•ilp•obpriq^alp•%i^•bcf`^`f^•
^•i^odl•mi^wl•ab•rk•moldo^j^•ab•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p&•v •%/&•i^•jbaf`fÑk•ab•i^•molar``fÑk•
%`Ñjl•pb•e^•bgb`rq^al•bi•moldo^j^•v•`r|i•crb•i^•bcf`^`f^•ab•prp•qÄ`kf`^p&+
I^•afob``fÑk•bufdb•`^a^•sbw•rk^•jbglo•bs^ir^`fÑk•v •Ba•Kl`eliplk)•afob`qlo•ab•obi^ü
`flkbp• `lk• ilp• jbaflp• ab•Qvplk• Cllap)•^cfoj^7• ëPb•klp• mfab• nrb•abcfk^jlp• l_gbqfslp•
jbpro^_ibp•v •nrb•ob^if`bjlp•rk^•bs^ir^`fÑk•nrb•s^v^•j|p•^ii|•ab•ilp•ob`loqbp•ab•mobkp^•
v •abjlpqobjlp•bi•s^ilo•nrb•ebjlp•^mloq^al•^•i^•lod^kfw^`fÑkí+
?Zhi^zc•YZa•X^Xad•YZ•cdi^X^Vh•,.)1(• Bi•cirgl•ab•klqf`f^p•b•fkcloj^`fÑk•bp•^`qr^ijbkqb•
rk•`f`iÑk•sfoqr^i• nrb•l`roob•`^a^• jfkrql•abi•aÅ^+•Bpql• pfdkfcf`^• nrb•bi• molcbpflk^i• ab•
i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•ab_b•bpq^o•`lkpq^kqbjbkqb•^i•q^kql•ab•nrÄ•pb•`rbkq^•v•afp`rqb•bk•
qla^p•m^oqbp)• abpab•ilp•jbaflp•ab•`ljrkf`^`fÑk•qo^af`flk^ibp•e^pq^•ilp•_ildp)•dormlp•ab•
`e^qp)• v •obabp•pl`f^ibp• `ljl•C^`b_llh•l)• fk`irpl)• VlrQr_b+•>abj|p)• i^• o^mfabw•`lk• i^•
nrb•bi• mÖ_if`l•bufdb•obpmrbpq^p•v •j|p•fkcloj^`fÑk• abg^• ml`l•qfbjml•m^o^• bi^_lo^o•rk^•
ob^``fÑk•o^wlk^a^•b)•fk`irpl)•d^o^kqfw^o•i^•mob`fpfÑk•ab•i^•jfpj^+•Bi•j^vlo•obql•^i•nrb•pb•
bkcobkq^k•ilp•molcbpflk^ibp•ab•elv•bp•`Ñjl•^oobdi|opbi^p•`lk•i^•`^p`^a^•ab•fkcloj^`fÑk•
ob`f_fa^•v •`Ñjl•a^oib•cloj^•v•pbkqfal•m^o^•nrb•pb^•obibs^kqb•m^o^•mÖ_if`lp•afsboplp+
;gZX^b^Zcid•XdchiVciZ•YZ• adh•bZY^dh•Y^\^iVaZh(• Ilp• jbaflp• qo^af`flk^ibp• `ljl•
mbofÑaf`lp)• obsfpq^p)• o^afl)• qbibsfpfÑk•b)• fk`irpl)• i^• qbibsfpfÑk• mlo•`^_ib•s^k• ^• pbdrfo•bk•
ab`ifsb•l•bpq|qf`lp+• Plk•jbaflp•nrb•pb•sbo|k)•`^a^•sbw•j|p)•co^djbkq^alp+• ëIlp•jbaflp•
ab• `ljrkf`^`fÑkí)• pbdÖk• Coba• @llh)• ab•Dlifk• E^oofp)• ëbpq|k• pfbkal• mrisbofw^alp)•
m^p^kal•ab•pbo•rk^•`loofbkqb•`lkqfkr^•^•rk^•`loofbkqb•mlo•bq^m^pí+
Bk•lqo^p• m^i^_o^p)• bi• mboplk^i• ab•i^p• obi^`flkbp• mÖ_if`^p• `lkqfkr^o|• ^jmif^kal•prp•
eboo^jfbkq^p•ab•`ljrkf`^`fÑk•pfdrfbkal•bi•mofk`fmfl•ab•nrb•kfkdÖk•jbafl•ab•`ljrkfü
`^`fÑk)• mlo•pÅ•plil•l•`lj_fk^al•`lk•lqolp)•pbo|• bi• sbeÅ`ril•fab^i• m^o^•iibd^o•^i• mÖ_if`l•
l_gbqfsl+• Bi•`ob`fjfbkql•j|p•^`rp^al•elv•bk•aÅ^)•v•bk•ilp•^Élp•sbkfabolp)•pb•molar`fo|•
^ f•bi•rpl•ab•Fkqbokbq•v •ilp•afpqfkqlp•qfmlp•ab•jbaflp,obabp•pl`f^ibp+
Elv•bk•aÅ^)•ilp•molcbpflk^ibp•ab•i^p•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•pb•`ljrkf`^k•`lk•pr•mÖ_if`l•
jbaf^kqb•_ildp)•mla`^pqp)•tb_`^pqp)•C^`b_llh)•VlrQr_b•v•Qtfqqbo+• Bk•/-.-)•pb•abp`^odÑ•
rk^• jbaf^• ab•/1•elo^p• ab•sfabl•`^a^• jfkrql•bk•VlrQr_b•v•ilp•rpr^oflp• ab•C^`b_llh•
prmbo^olk•i^•j^o`^•ab•ilp•2--•jfiilkbp+•Qtfqqbo)•bk•rk•^Él)•qbkÅ^• ..-•jfiilkbp•ab•rpr^ü
oflp+•Qla^p•bpq^p•qb`klildÅ^p•pb•ii^j^k•ëjbaflp•pl`f^ibpí•v•lcob`bk•^i•molcbpflk^i•ab•i^p

 


H X i k \ • *• Jfc

obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•rk^•lmloqrkfa^a•pfk•m^o^kdÑk•ab•`ljrkf`^opb)•bp`r`e^o•b•fkqbo^`qr^o•
`lk•rk•do^k•kÖjbol•ab•fkafsfarlp•ab•j^kbo^•dil_^i•`[wXj\•bi•@^mÅqril• .0&+
;dcigViVX^zc•YV•XdchjaidgVh•ZmiZgcVh•YV• gZaVX^dcVh•e{Wa^XVh(• I^• qbkabk`f^• ^• i^•
`lkqo^q^`fÑk•buqbok^•pb•abp^ooliiÑ•e^`b•^idrklp•^Élp)• mbol)•bk•i^•^`qr^ifa^a)•bp•`^pf•rkfü
sbop^i+• Rk^•bk`rbpq^•ab•F^k•Jfqolcc)•Dbo^ia•Ptboifkd•v•Gbkkfcbo•Cilql•mr_if`^a^•bk•L_\•
KkiXk\^`jk•pbÉ^i^• nrb•ëi^• rqfifw^`fÑk•ab•`lkpriqlo^p•bp• i^•kloj^•^`qr^i• bk•i^p•`ljm^ÉÅ^p•
bpq^alrkfabkpbp•bk•qla^p•i^p•`^qbdloÅ^p• ab•fkdobplp•v•pb`qlobp•ab•bpqb•bpqrafl+• Bi•52• "•
ab•ilp•bk`rbpq^alp•%bgb`rqfslp•ab•do^kabp•bjmobp^p&•qo^_^g^•`lk•`lkpriqlo^p•buqbok^p•ab•
obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^pí+•Bpql•kl•nrfbob•ab`fo•nrb•ilp•abm^oq^jbkqlp•ab•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•
ab•i^p•do^kabp•`ljm^ÉÅ^p•bpqÄk•abp^m^ob`fbkal)•pfkl•nrb•`^a^•sbw•j|p•i^p•qÄ`kf`^p•`ljl•
i^p•obi^`flkbp•`lk•ilp•jbaflp)• ilp•fkclojbp•^kr^ibp•v•i^•lod^kfw^`fÑk•ab•bsbkqlp•pb•`lkü
qo^q^k•^•`lkpriqlo^p•ab•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•abi•buqboflo•$mwXj\•bi•@^mÅqril•1&+
DV•cZXZh^YVY•YZ•VegZcYZg•Xdci^cjVbZciZ(• Bi•mboplk^i•ab•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•^`qr^i)•
qbkfbkal•bk•`rbkq^• i^• o^mfabw•ab•^anrfpf`fÑk•ab•`lkl`fjfbkql• ab•i^•pl`fba^a)• ab_bo|•
^`qr^ifw^o•prp•`lkl`fjfbkqlp•`lkqfkr^jbkqb•m^o^•bpq^o•^i• aÅ^• ab•ilp•krbslp• abp^ooliilp•
v•`lkl`bo•ilp•`fbkqlp• ab•^mif`^`flkbp•ab•Fkqbokbq+• Abfoaob•?ob^hbkofadb)•`l^rqlo^• ab•
Hlkk`e^ k_\ HlYc`Z :XZb `e HlYc`Z J\cXk`fej)• bp`of_fÑ•bk• bi• _ild•ab•i^• MOP>•%`ljmobebk*•
pflk+mop^+lod&7• ëIlp• jbaflp•pl`f^ibp•e^k• clow^al•^•obcloj^o•bi•pb`qlo•ab•i^p•obi^`flkbp•
mÖ_if`^p•v)• elv•bk•aÅ^)•pb•kb`bpfq^k•molcbpflk^ibp•ab•obi^`flkbp•mÖ_if`^p•v•`ljrkf`^`fÑk•
nrb•^`qÖbk•`ljl•_f_iflqb`^oflp)•pl`fÑildlp)• ^kqolmÑildlp•`riqro^ibp•v•dbpqlobp•ab•`lkü
qbkfal)•bkqob•lqo^p•obpmlkp^_fifa^abpí+

G •JZhjbZc
Amkgclxmq •• Jmq•kmtgkgclrmq•_•d_tmp•bc•jmq•bcpcafmq•bc•j_q•kshcpcq*•
•• ?slosc•cj• rÅpkglm• pcj_agmlcq•ná`jga_q•b_r_•bcj• qgejm•VV*• _•d_tmp•bc•j_• ges_jb_b• p_ag_j•w•_• d_tmp•bc• j_• npcqcpt_agÜl•
j_q• p_Éacq• bc•cqr_• np~arga_• cqr~l• cl• gkncpgmq• _lrgesmq• bcj• kcbgm• _k`gclrc•srgjgx_pml• ksaf_q• fcpp_kgclr_q•bc•
amkm• Cegnrm*•Epcag_*•Pmk_•w•j_•Glbg_, j_•in[eb\bmr•n_p_•amlqcesgp•cj•_nmwm•bc•j_•mnglgÜl•ná`jga_,
•• J_• Gejcqg_•A_rÜjga_• srgjgxÜ*•bc• k_lcp_• cvrclqgt_*• j_q• pcj_ã •• Jmq• ep_lbcq• _jk _aclcq• U_ll_k_icp*• bc• Dgj_bcjdg_*• w•
agmlcq• ná`jga_q•w•j_• npmn_e_lb_•bsp_lrc•j_• Cb_b• Kcbg_• K_aw%q*•bc•Lsct_•Wmpi*•dscpml• jmq•npgkcpmq•cl• sq_p•rÅalgã
n_p_•bgdslbgp• j_•dc•w•amlqcesgp•tmjslr_pgmq• n_p_• j_q•Apsã a_q•bc•pcj_agmlcq•ná`jga_q•n_p•_rp_cp•ajgclrcq*•cl• /65.,
x_b_q, •• Jmq•Cqr_bmq•Slgbmq•_bmnr_pml•j_amppgclrc_jrcpl_•cl•/67.•
•• J_q• cknpcq_q• npgt_b_q• _rp_hcpml• glkgep_lrcq• _j• Lsctm• amkm• pcqsjr_bm*•cl• n_prc*•bc•j_•cvgrmq_•a_kn_Ö_•bc•pcj_ã
Kslbm•kcbg_lrc•j_•npmkmagÜl•w•jmq•pcj_rmq•bc•sl_•rgcpp_• agmlcq•ná`jga_q•jjct_b_•_•a_`m•nmp•Ecmpec•Ucqrglefmsqc*•
dÅprgj,•J_• pctmjsagÜl•cl• Cqr_bmq•Slgbmq•qc•bc`gÜ*•cl•n_prc*• osc•amkngrgÜ•amlRfmk_q•Cbgqml*•bcdclqmp•bc•j_•amppgclrc•
_•_amlrcagkgclrmq•bc•k_q_q•amkm•cj•KmrÉl•bcj•RÅ*•cl•@mqã amlrgls_,
rml*•m•jmq•Dcbcp_•jgqrq•N_ncpq,
/7..+/73.8• j_•cp_•bc•jmq•ngmlcpmq
/6..8•J_• Cb_b•bc•Mpm•bcj•_eclrc•bc•npclq_ •• Gtw•Jcc•w•Cbu_pb• @cpl_wq•qml•amlqgbcp_bmq•amkm• jmq•npgã
•• N,•R,•@_ksk*•cj• pcw•bcj• cqncar~asjm•bcj•qgejm•vgv*•dsc•ngmã kcpmq•osc•cqr_`jcagcpml• jmq•dslb_kclrmq•bc• j_• np~arga_•
lcpm•bc•sl_•qcpgc•bc•rÅalga_q•osc•rmb_tÉ_•fmw•qc•sq_l•cl• bc•j_q•pcj_agmlcq•ná`jga_q*•rmb_tÉ_•tgeclrcq,
j_•glbsqrpg_•bcj•clrpcrclgkgclrm, •• Mrpm•bc•jmq•tgqgml_pgmq•osc•bmkgl_`_•cj•qcarmp•dsc•?prfsp•
•• Jmq•_qclr_kgclrmq•bcj•Mcqrc•qc•bc`gcpml*•cl•ep_l•kcbgb_*• U,•N_ec*•npm`_`jckclrc•cj• npgkcp•npmdcqgml_j•osc•amjmaÜ•
_•j_q•npmkmagmlcq•bc•jmq•npmngcr_pgmq•bc•rgcpp_q•w•jmq•dcppmã j_q•pcj_agmlcq•ná`jga_q•amkm•n_prc•glrcep_lrc•bc•j_•bgpcaã
a_ppgjcq•_kcpga_lmq, agÜl•bc•j_q•cknpcq_q,
•• Cj• npgkcp• qcapcr_pgm• bc• npclq_• bc• sl• npcqgbclrc• b_r_• •• Mrpmq• bc• jmq• lmk`pcq• amlmagbmq• qml• U_ppcl• Amu_l*•
bc• /60.*• `_hm• j_• _bkglgqrp_agÜl• bcj• npcqgbclrc• ?lbpcu• ns`jgagqr_•bc•Fmjjwummb*•w•Cjc_lmp•J_k`cpr*•ns`jgagqr_•bc•
H_aiqml, kmb_,

 



You might also like