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Lipids Final
Lipids Final
Heterogeneous, organic compounds composed of C, H & O الدهون هي مركبات عضوية فيها كاربون و
Insoluble in water but soluble in organic, nonpolar solvents اوكسجين و هيدروجين مش بيدوبو في المية
Some are hydrophobic (contain non-polar group only such as لكن بيدوبو في بعض المواد العضوية زي
triglycerides) & others are amphipathic (contain polar & non- البنزين واإليثر و الكلوروفورم في منهم مش
polar groups as phospholipids) molecules بيحب المية زي الدهون الثالثية و في دهون
The monomers of lipids are fatty acids. أجزاء منها مش بتحب المية و أجزاء بتحبها زي
They include fats, waxes, cholesterol, phospholipids, …….etc. phospholipids ال
Biological importance
Imbalance in lipid metabolism can
Triglycerides acts as 2ry source of energy that decreased lead to major clinical problems
during starvation to produce energy, so called variable such as obesity & atherosclerosis
Essential F.AS
Not synthesized in body, as there is no enzymes النوع التاني من االحماض الدهنية هي األحماض
الدهنية الضرورية و دي مهمة جدا تبقا موجودة في
that can add more than one d.b
الدايت ألنو الجسم مش بيكونها عشان االنزيمات
Essential to be taken in diet. متقدرش تزود اكتر من رابطة مزدوجة واحدة علي
Examples األحماض الدهنية و مثال عليهم كل األحماض الدهنية
الغير مشبعة الي فيها اكتر من رابطة مزدوجة
*- all PUSFAs, such as;* Linoleic a.* Linolenic a.
Arachidonic a
A - Simple Lipids C - Derived lipids
1. True fats (acylgycerols): They are either derived from hydrolysis of simple
They are esters of F.As with glycerol and compound lipids.
They are efficient storage form of energy that store high E.g. Free F.As, or Free Alcohols (Glycerol).
amount of energy (1g fat → 9.3 kcal). or they are water-insoluble compounds like true
They are oxidized during starvation to produce energy, (thus, lipids.
called Variable element of fat). E.g. Steroids, fat-soluble vitamins or carotenoids).
SubQ Fat serves as thermal insulator.
Protect organs to keep them in position (e.g. kidney). Steroids
Steroids have a common cyclic nucleus which is
Hydrophobic. known as steroid nucleus. Steroids include:
Variable element
Cholesterol
B - Complex lipids
Chemistry:
They contain (in addition to fatty acids and alcohols), an - It is an alcohol of 27 C and contains steroid Ring.
additional gp such as: - It has a double bond between C5 & C6 and OH
1. Phosphate (e.g. Phospholipids) 2. Carbohydrates (e.g. group at C3.
Glycolipids) 3. Proteins (e.g. Lipoproteins • Sources:
A - Biological importance of complex lipids - It is formed in the body (liver) from acetyl CoA.
They are components of cell membrane - It present in diet (egg yolk, meet, liver, brain)
They are never oxidized even during starvation, (thus, called • Biological importance of cholesterol:
Constant element of lipids). 1. It is the main sterol in human body (nervous
B - Properties of true fats tissue, brain, adrenal gland), that present in blood
Amphipathic: i.e. contain polar; hydrophilic head (as (normal level 150-
phosphate or sugar gp) and nonpolar; hydrophobic tails (as 200mg/dl).
fatty acids). 2. It is the major constituent of the plasma
Constant elements membrane.
3. It is the precursor of sex Hs, cortical Hs, vitamin
D & bile acids.
High level of cholesterol in blood will lead to
atherosclerosis and in gall bladder may lead to gall
stones