]OCWM\^CHBH ZMHBDÞDCNB OBNCEOBI

G\BONC^NE @E\B[ÂO
NMOX\E ]OCWM\^CXB\CE \MDCEOBI
^BOXB LB\LB\B, ^BOXB LÂ\LB\B, ^.L., FEOH]\B^, N.B.

B^M^E\;
ICN. KE^M \B@EO DE@M[

M^ZBNCE GE\@BXCWE;
N]IX]\B, M^XBHE S ^ENCMHBH

XM@B;
 BI L]@ ^C@L EI
EIE^ HM FEOH]\B^ 
E^ S Z\ENM\M^ HM

BI]@OB;
BODMIB GB\CHM \EH\CD]M[ @]\NCB

N]MOXB; 82>2337::4>8

:8 HM BDE^XE <:<2
 

^à`leies Obnceobims @byerms hm Feohurbs 

Mi Msnuhe Obnceobi

Mstm sà`leie prevcmom hmi msnuhe hm br`bs qum gum mstblimnche mo 26<=, y qum
neoscstàb mo uo trcâoduie mo nuyb lbsm bpbrmnàb uo veinâo motrm hes nbstciies, mo mi
bòe 2677 sm im bdrmde uo sei obncmotm, mo 23>= lbke ib prmschmoncb hm Xclurnce
Nbrcbs Bohcoe, im gum hbhe su bspmnte hmgcoctcve, bdrmdâoheim ibs gimnfbs y etrbs
pbrtms, Mi selmrboe Neodrmse Obnceobi mo mi hmnrmte Oe. <27 y mo mi brtànuie 28<
neoschmrb bi Msnuhe ne`e ^à`leie Obnceobi pbrb tehes ies uses, hm `ehe nibre y
dmomrbi.

Mi Fc`oe Obnceobi

^urdcþ b rbàz hm uo neonurse neovenbhe mo 23:8 per mi prmschmotm hm ib rmpûlicnb,

dmomrbi @boumi Leociib, Msnrcte per mi pemtb Buduste N. Nemiie y erqumstbhe per mi
ne`pescter hm ercdmo bim`âo Nbries Fbrticod, gum hmnibrbhe Fc`oe obnceobi mi 2= hm
oevcm`lrm hm 232=, `uscnbi`motm mi fc`oe obnceobi neostb hm uo nere y scmtm
mstregbs, nbhb mstregb ib neoger`bo enfe vmrses hmnbsàibles y seo mo tetbi 78
vmrses.

Ib Lbohmrb Obnceobi

Mstm mi sà`leie `âs rmprmsmotbtcve hm Feohurbs, qumhe mstblimnche per hmnrmte hmi
Neodrmse Obnceobi mi 7 hm gmlrmre hm 2677, Sb mo mi scdie xx, mo 2383, gumreo
prmncsbhes mi teoe bzui y ibs prepernceoms hm ibs trms grbokbs, mi bonfe hm ib lbohmrb
ms hes vmnms `byer qum su biturb, feohurbs tbrhe 8= bòes mo mstblimnmr uob
lbohmrb, yb qum hmspuãs hm ib smpbrbncþo hm feohurbs hm ies Mstbhes Gmhmrbhes
hmi Nmotre hm B`ãrcnb usblb ib `cs`b lbohmrb qum rmprmsmotblb b tehes ies pbàsms

nmotre b`mrcnboes.
 

^à`lei
^à`lei es Obnceo
Obnceo bims
bims @moerms hm Feohur bs

Ib gier obnceobi

Zrc`mre gum ib resb ib gier obnceobi hm feohurbs, motrm ies bòes 2387 y 2373, pmre mo
oevcm`lrm hm msm ûitc`e bòe mi delcmroe `cictbr prmnmhche per mi Dmomrbi Eswbihe
Iþpmz Brmiiboe hmnrmte uob oumvb gier obnceobi ib erquàhmb Lrbsbsbveib Hdlybob,
mstb erquàhmb bluohb mo ies lesqums feohurmòes, prconcpbi`motm mo ibs zeobs
fû`mhbs qum sm monumotrb b tm`pmrbturbs `uy gràbs.

Mi Bvm Obnceobi

Ib dubrb rekb e dubnb`byb pmrtmomncmotm b ib drbo gb`cicb hm ies ieres, sm im

rmneoenm ne`e mi bvm obnceobi hm ib rmpûlicnb hm feohurbs, ms uo bvm `uy
bprmncbhb per ibs botcdubs ncvciczbnceoms, pehm`es moneotrbr msnuiturbs tbiibhbs mo
ies `eou`motes `bybs, iimdb b `mhcbs fbstb ies 3: nmotà`mtres hm ibrde.

Wmobhe Neib Libonb

Ne`e `mhchb pbrb neosmrvbr ib gbuob obnceobi y selrm tehe mi `mhce b`lcmotm, hm
ib hmprmhbncþo hms`mhchb, mi neodrmse Obnceobi m`ctcþ mi hmnrmte mkmnutcve oº >7-3>
>7 -3>
hm kuoce hm 23>>, mo vcrtuh hmi nubi sm costctuàb ne`e sà`leie hm ib gbuob obnceobi bi
Wmobhe Neib Libonb, sm trbtb hm uob hm ibs hes mspmncms hm vmobhe qum fblctbo mo
Feohurbs, ms uo boc`bi `uy bntcve mo ies lesqums feohurmòes.
 

Mi Ârlei obnceobi

Zer bnumrhe oº 8<3, hm 28 hm `bye hm 23<6, mi delcmroe hm @cdumi Zbz Lbrbfeob

rmseivcþ hmnibrbr mi pcoe feohurmosm ne`e ârlei obnceobi, mstm bnumrhe mxprmsblb;
c`pibotbr, per `mhce hm ibs buterchbhms hm tehb àoheim y hm ies nmotres hm
mosmòbozb, mi fâlcte hm pelibr ies lesqums, ms mi ârlei neo `byer cogiumoncb mo mi
pbàs, su tbib ms neotreibhb per mi mstbhe y mo ib `byeràb hm nbsbs ms cicimdbi
mdbi fbnmrie.

Mi @bpb Obnceobi

Mi @bpb Obnceobi hm Feohurbs ms ib rmprmsmotbncþo dmedrâgcnb hmi pbàs y mo mi

gcdurbo ies 26 hmpbrtb`motes qum ne`peomo ib hcvcscþo bh`cocstrbtcvb, ies `brms qum
lbòbo sus nestbs ibs zeobs greotmrczbs y ies mim`motes gàscnes qum cotmdrbo mi rmicmvm
feohurmòe; scmrrbs `eotbòbs, vbiims, ràes, `msmtbs, neicobs mtn. Hm cdubi `bomrb ies
oe`lrms hm ibs ncuhbhms `uocncpces bihmbs y nbsmràes rmpbrtches b ibrde y bonfe hmi
tmrrcterce1 bsà `cs`e mstâo coniuche ibs zeobs cosuibrms.
 

Z\ÞNM\M^ OBNCEOBIM^

Kesã Xrcochbh \myms

Obncþ mo Xmduncdbipb mo 2434 y `urcþ mo ib `cs`b ncuhbh mo 26==, gum hmstbnbhe

sbnmrhetm, mhunbher, `ûscne, y ictmrbrce, cocncbohe su bprmohczbkm mo ib nbsb hm
^mòerctbs Dþ`mz (bsà iib`bhbs ibs `bmstrbs), hmspuãs mstuhce mo mi

neimdce Xrchmotcoe hm Ne`bybdub, bi nu`picr ies 26 bòes vcbke b Ocnbrbdub pbrb

neotcoubr sus mstuhces, mo mi trbymntercb hm su vchb sm cotmrmsþ `unfe per ibs
`btm`âtcnbs, mi nbstmiiboe, ib gciesegàb, mi ibtào y ib tmeiedàb.

Gum oe`lrbhe nurb pârrene hm Xmduncdbipb, nbrde qum oe bnmpte, nmhcãoheie bi

prmslàtmre Kesã Xrcochbh Mstrbhb, mo 2682 gum prepumste ne`e nbohchbte pbrb mi
elcspbhe hm feohurbs per mi pbpb Drmderce WC. Gum mi prc`mr rmnter hm ib uocvmrschbh
obnceobi butþoe`b hm feohurbs.

Kesã Xrcochbh Nblbòbs

Obncþ mo Xmduncdbipb mi 3 hm kuoce hm 26:=

26:= y gbiimncþ mo Ne`bybdub mi 6 hm momr
momree
hm 2642, gum uo `cictbr neo mi drbhe hm Dmomrbi hm Hcvcscþo, tb`lcão `uy icdbhe bi

ibhe peiàtcne, gum mimnte ne`e ^ãptc`e Zrmschmotm neostctunceobi hmi Mstbhe hm
Feohurbs pbrb mi pmrcehe hm 26=< b 26== y uo hmgmoser hm ibs chmbs hm uocþo mo
Nmotreb`ãrcnb. ^us pbhrms gumreo Kesã @bràb Nblbòbs y Kubob Gcbiies hm
Nblbòbs.
 

^m neoschmrb b Nblbòbs ne`e uob hm ibs pmrseobs `âs feorbhbs hm ib fcstercb hm

Feohurbs. Hurbotm su pmrcehe hm prmschmotm sestuve qum Oe sm trbtb hm guohbr ib
\mpûlicnb hm biduoes, sc oe ib \mpûlicnb hm tehes, mo ib mstbtub neostruchb mo su
feoer ulcnbhb mo mi Zbrqum Ib @mrnmhms, hm Xmduncdbipb, pumhm immrsm, Bi Fmrecne
^eihbhe hm ib uocþo nmotreb`mrcnbob. Bi dumrrmre `ehmie hm neostboncb, hm
feorbhmz y hm vbier.

iunfþ kuote b Grboncsne @erbzâo, sunmhcãoheim mo ib hcrmnncþo hmi Zbrtche Iclmrbi mo

26=<. Mo msm `cs`e bòe enupþ ib prmschmoncb hm ib \mpûlicnb, pmre gum hmpumste
per ies neosmrvbherms feohurmò
feohurmòes
es y dubtm`bitmnes. Weivcþ b ib prmschmoncb mo 26=>.
Hurbotm mstm smduohe `bohbte rbtcgcnþ mi neotrbte neo Mpfrbco Dmerdm ^qucmr pbrb
ib neostrunncþo hmi Gmrrenbrrci Cotmrenmâocne hm Feohurbs. Cotmotþ rmneostrucr ib
Gmhmrbncþo Nmotreb`mrcnbob neovenbohe uob bsb`limb neo mi bpeye hm Ocnbrbdub
y Mi ^bivbher, pmre su preymnte grbnbsþ. Ib cotmrgmrmoncb mo ib peiàtcnb dubtm`bitmnb
enbsceoþ mo 26== su nbàhb.

Kesã Nmncice hmi Wbiim

Obncþ mi << hm oevcm`lrm hm 246: mo Nfeiutmnb, uob ne`uochbh ienbiczbhb b erciibs

hmi ràe hmi `cs`e oe`lrm. ^u pbhrm mrb heo Kesã Boteoce Hàbz hmi Wbiim y su `bhrm
Dmrtruhcs Hàbz hmi Wbiim, ies nubims mrbo nrceiies, hm lumob pescncþo mneoþ`cnb, y
tmrrbtmocmotms hmhcnbhes b ib bdrcnuiturb y dbobhmràb.

B ies 2< bòes hm mhbh, mi kevmo Kesã bscstcþ per uo tcm`pe b ib msnumib hm ies
fmr`boes lmtim`ctbs y pestmrcer`motm bi Neimdce Xrchmotcoe neo mi gco hm bprmohmr
ibtào. Bi tmr`cobr mo ib msnumib prc`brcb, Kesã hmi Wbiim, sm neovcrtcþ mo hcsnàpuie hm
Decnenfmb. Mstm im blrcþ ib pumrtb, y hmspmkþ ibs vàbs qum Wbiim hmlàb rmnerrmr ne`e
fe`lrm hm ncmoncbs y imtrbs.
 

Mstuhcþ mo ib ]ocvmrschbh hm ^bo Nbries, mo ib ncuhbh hm Dubtm`bib (Dubtm`bib),

heohm binbozþ drbo gb`b ne`e mruhcte. Mo 26<: yb mrb binbihm hm ib ncuhbh hm
Dubtm`bib. Nubohe B`ãrcnb Nmotrbi iedrþ ib cohmpmohmoncb hmi he`coce mspbòei mo
26<2, Wbiim byuhþ b qum ib rmdcþo pbsbrb b ger`br pbrtm hm uob neogmhmrbncþo neo mi
rmncão nrmbhe C`pmrce `mxcnboe hm Bdustào hm Cturlchm. Wbiim rmprmsmotþ b ib
prevconcb hm Xmduncdbipb mo mi Neodrmse `mxcnboe (26<<), y sm neovcrtcþ mo
smnrmtbrce hm Bsuotes Mxtmrcerms mo mi delcmroe hm Cturlchm. Mi C`pmrce gum hcsumite
mo 26<>, hmspuãs hm ie nubi, Wbiim rmdrmsþ b Dubtm`bib, y mo 26<8 sm prmsmotþ
ne`e nbohchbte b ib prmschmoncb hm ibs Zrevconcbs ]ochbs hmi Nmotre hm B`ãrcnb
(Nestb \cnb, Dubtm`bib, Feohurbs, Ocnbrbdub y Mi ^bivbher). Buoqum im gbitþ sþie
uo vete pbrb neosmducr ib `byeràb blseiutb, mi Neodrmse im omdþ mi nbrde. Dboþ ibs
mimnnceoms prmschmoncbims mo 26>8, pmre `urcþ botms hm te`br pesmscþo hm ib
prmschmoncb.

Kesã Grboncsne @erbzâo Rumzbhb

Obncþ mi > hm entulrm hm 243< mo ib ienbichbh hm Xmduncdbipb, qum mo msm moteonms

mrb pbrtm hm ib Cotmohmoncb hm Ne`bybdub, Nbpctboàb Dmomrbi hm Dubtm`bib, ^us
pbhrms gumreo Kesã Musmlce @erbzâo Bim`âo y Dubhbiupm Rumsbhb Lerkbs, b`les
`cm`lres hm uob gb`cicb nrceiib hm nibsm bitb hmhcnbhb b ib bdrcnuiturb y mi
ne`mrnce.

^m trbsibhb kuote b su gb`cicb b @erenmià mo 26:6, heohm trblbkþ mo ies tmrrmoes

fmrmhbhes per Heo Musmlce @erbzâo, tb`lcão iblere ne`e m`pimbhe hm ib binbihàb.
Mo 262> rmdrmse b Xmduncdbipb. ]ob vmz biià, su pbhrm ie puse lbke ib tuteràb hm
Imþo Wâsqumz, qucmo im mosmòþ hmrmnfe ncvci, prenmse pmobi y oetbrcbhe.
 

@erbzâo sm uocþ b ib cogruntuesb iunfb per mvctbr ib bomxcþo hm Feohurbs per @ãxcne
(26<2) y pestmrcer`motm pbsþ b smr `cm`lre hmi delcmroe feohurmòe, nuyb
prmschmoncb bsu`cþ mo 26<4. Mo 26<3 hcrcdcþ bi Mkãrncte Bicbhe Zretmnter hm ib Imy
(hm tmohmoncb iclmrbi, ger`bhe per ib bicbozb hm Mi ^bivbher y Feohurbs), mo neotrb
hmi delcmroe neosmrvbher hmi prmschmotm gmhmrbi @boumi Kesã Brnm, b qucmo sunmhcþ
bi bòe scducmotm ne`e prmschmotm hm ibs Zrevconcbs ]ochbs hmi Nmotre hm B`ãrcnb
(Mstbhe qum hmshm 26<> fbstb 268: gmhmrþ b Dubtm`bib, Mi ^bivbher, Feohurbs,
Ocnbrbdub y Nestb \cnb). Hurbotm su `bohbte, @erbzâo cocncþ ou`mresbs rmger`bs
mhunbtcvbs, kuhcncbims y mneoþ`cnbs, y trbtþ hm ic`ctbr mi pehmr hm ib Cdimscb nbtþicnb,
pmre ibs iunfbs cotmrobs hm ib neogmhmrbncþo im elicdbreo b iimvbr b nble bnnceoms
`cictbrms neo mi gco hm `botmomr su uochbh. Xuve qum mxcicbrsm mo 268:, elicdbhe per
ibs gumrzbs neosmrvbherbs hm \bgbmi Nbrrmrb1 rmdrmsþ hes bòes `âs tbrhm, neo ib
cotmoncþo hm rmstblimnmr ib neogmhmrbncþo, pmre gum trbcnceobhe y guscibhe per sus
prepcbs trepbs.

Hceocsce hm Fmrrmrb
Obncþ 3 hm entulrm hm 2462 mo Nfeiutmnb y `urcþ mi 2> hm kuoce hm 26=: gum uo
bledbhe y peiàtcne feohurmòe y nmotreb`mrcnboe, rmprmsmotbotm hmi iclmrbics`e y
uoe hm ies nmotreb`mrcnboes `âs ciustrbhes hm su ãpenb.

Hceocsce Fmrrmrb gum fcke prc`edãocte hm heo Kubo Kbncote Fmrrmrb qucmo gum Binbihm
Zrevconcbi hm ib Wciib hm Nfeiutmnb hmshm 243>. ^u `bhrm gum Zbuib Hàbz hmi Wbiim
Czbducrrm, fmr`bob hm ib `bhrm hmi prþnmr hm ib cohmpmohmoncb nmotreb`mrcnbob,
Kesã Nmncice hmi Wbiim. Ibs rmger`bs qum cotrehuke oe gumreo hmi bdrbhe hmi delcmroe
gmhmrbi, nuybs gumrzbs im hmrrenbreo bprevmnfbohe ib rmvumitb hmi nurb Ocneiâs Crbs
(26<4). Grboncsne @erbzâo, prmschmotm hm ib Neogmhmrbncþo, im movcþ b Ocnbrbdub,
heohm gum mimdche kmgm hmi mstbhe. Hurbotm su `bohbte, hmshm 26>: fbstb 26>>,
tuve qum fbnmr grmotm b vbrcbs rmvumitbs neosmrvbherbs conctbhbs per mi nimre.

Hmspuãs `brnfþ b Mi ^bivbher, heohm tb`lcão gum mimdche kmgm hmi mstbhe (26>=),
buoqum oe bnmptþ ib hmscdobncþo. Fmrrmrb gum uoe hm ies hcrcdmotms iclmrbims `âs
 

pepuibrms hm Nmotreb`ãrcnb y mi ûocne mimdche kmgm hmi mstbhe per sugrbdce pepuibr
mo trms pbàsms hcstcotes. @urcþ mo ib pelrmzb mo 26=: mo Mi ^bivbher.

Mi Nbncqum Im`pcrb 

^mdûo ib fcstercb sm pehràb hbr uo hbte bprexc`bhe hm ib gmnfb hm obnc`cmote hm

im`pcrb scmohe mi bòe 2833, Gum uo dumrrmre hm ercdmo imonb y iàhmr hm hcnfb trclu, mmii
nubi iunfþ neotrb ies mspbòeims pbrb hmgmohmr b tehe nestb mi tmrrcterce feohurmòe,
tehe mste sunmhm mo ib hãnbhb hm 2=>:, sm nbrbntmrczþ per smr biducmo lrbve,
reluste, hm `unfb gumrzb y hmshm `uy kevmo `estrþ drbo vbier, smotàb uo b`er
motrbòblim per su pumlie, su tcmrrb, sus imyms y sus nestu`lrms.

Mi oe`lrm Im`pcrb, prevcmom hm ib pbiblrb Im`pbmrb, qum b su vmz prenmhm hm hes

venblies hm ib imodub imonb; hm im`pb, qum scdocgcnb smòer tàtuie hm bitb hcdochbh e
 kmrbrquàb, y hm mrb, qum scdocgcnb nmrre e scmrrb. Bsà pums, Im`pcrb, vmohràb b
scdocgcnbr ^mòer hm ib scmrrb e ^mòer hmi nmrre.