CMC K
UBIGMARJRMI

M. Jm
Jmtm
tmrr Cb
Cbjm
jmlm
lmio
io

Cmtmo`r sbigkrk mgmjma lugmpmi cmls` tmau o`rbio gbiomi smus lmnmio ymio ourka,
jbzmt gmi pmstkiym hbioouoma sbjbrm.

Io`h`ioki s`mj cmtmo`r, mgm lksma hbimrkl gmrk tbrnkptmiym lujkibr gbiomi nktm rmsm
kstkhbwm kik. Hbjmiskr gmrk jmhmi  pbokpbok.n`h, cmtmo`r mgmjma lujkibr ymio guju
tbrnkptm lmrbim lbtkgmlsbiomfmmi.
lbtkgmlsbiomfmmi.

Cbcbrmpm pbigmpmt hbiybcut fklm cmtmo`r mgmjma lujkibr ymio sbnmrm tkgml sbiomfm
gkcumt `jba pbrmitmu msmj Fmwm Wbioma ymlik lmio Ksmi sblktmr tmaui =;?> ymio
lmjm ktu hbrmitmu gk Cmiguio, Fmwm Cmrmt. Lmio Ksmi mgmjma sb`rmio pbifumj tmau
cmls` lulus lbjkjkio gk gmbrma tbhpmt tkioomjiym gk Cmiguio tbpmtiym gk sbputmrmi
Fmjmi L`p`.

Imhui smymio, tmau cmls` fumjmiiym tkgml sbtkmp amrk amcks. ^bjmju mgm sksm gmrk
tmau cmls` fumjmiiym. Momr tmau cmls` tbrsbcut tkgml hucmgzkr, lmio Ksmi pui
hbhcmok-cmoklmi sksm tmau cmls`iym lb pmrm tbtmioomiym. ^umtu amrk, tmau
cmls`iym sksm cmiyml gmi km pui hbin`cm hbioo`rbio tmau cmls`iym sbcbjuh
gkcbrklmi lb pmrm tbtmioom. Hbioo`rbio tmau cmls` sbigkrk gkjmlulmiiym momr tmau
cmls` tbrsbcut tkgml hugma cmsk.

Wmau cmls` ymio tbjma gko`rbioiym lbhugkmi gkcbrk smus lmnmio ymio km rmnkl
lausus. Supmiym, pmrm tbtmioomiym smiomt sulm gbiomi tmau cmls` o`rbio
tbrsbcut. Umrm tbtmioomiym fuom hujmk hbhbsmi tmau cmls` o`rbio cumtmiiym.
Hujmk smmt ktujma, lmio Ksmi hbhcumt lujkibr ymio lkik gksbcut sbcmomk cmtmo`r.

^bkrkio gbiomi cbrfmjmiiym wmltu, lmio Ksmi hbhculm lbgmk cmtmo`r sbigkrk gk
Fmjmi C`f`ioj`m. Cmtmo`r cumtmi lmio Ksmi gklbimj gbiomi cmtmo`r A. Ksmi ymio
sbjmhm kik gklbj`jm `jba cmpml Ksmi sbigkrk fuom miml-mimliy
miml-mimliym.
m.

Hbjmiskr gmrk jmhmi lmslus.n`h, cmpml Ksmi sbigkrk sugma hbikioomj guikm sbfml
tmaui 35=5 jmju. Hbslk cboktu, fmsmiym hbinkptmlmi cmtmo`r tbjma hbiokispkrmsk
cmiyml `rmio gmi pmtut gklbimio. Cmpml Ksmi fuom gklbimj sbcmomk Cmpml Cmtmo`r
Kig`ibskm. Cmtmo`r fuom tbjma gklbimj `jba cmiyml hmsymrmlmt Kig`ibskm gmi
tbrsbcmr jums gk cbrcmomk l`tm gk Kig`ibskm.

=
 

CMC KK
UBHCMAM^MI

M. Ubiobrtkmi Cmtmo`r 

Cmtmo`r hbrupmlmi lugmpmi lams ^uigm cbrupm cms` tmau ymio gko`rbio, jmju
gkskrmh smus lmnmio. Cmtmo`r sbigkrk mgmjma hmlmimi ymio tbrpbiomrua lamzmima
lujkibr Nakim ymlik gkh suh sauhmk.
Lbpbigblmi gmrk cmls` tmau o`rbio, nmrm hbhcumt cmtmo`r pmgm gmsmriym cbrupm
tmau ymio gkjbhcutlmi lbhugkmi gkksk gbiomi mg`imi ymio ckmsmiym cbrcmami
gmsmr klmi tbiookrk gmi tbpuio tmpk`lm. Jmju, gkcbitul hbiybrupmk c`jm gmi
lbhugkmi gko`rbio gmjmh hkiyml pmims akioom hmtmio.

Imhui lkik tkgml amiym tbiookrk, nmrm hbhcumt cmtmo`r cksm gkomitk gbiomi tuim,
klmi lbhcuio, gmi ugmio uitul vmrkmsk rmsm ymio jmkiiym. Cmok cbcbrmpm `rmio
ymio hbhmio hbhkjklk mjbrok sbmd``g tkgml pbrju ckiouio, nmrm hbhcumt cmtmo`r
 fuom cksm gktbhpua tmipm
tmipm hbioouimlmi sbmd``g gmi tbitu smfm
smfm rmsmiym tkgml lmjma
biml gbiomi ymio hbhmlmk sbmd``g.

Wbrgmpmt kskmi pbjbiolmp jmkiiym sbpbrtk lucks lulu, lbitmio, gmi tmau. ^bcmomk
pbjbiolmp nmrm hbhcumt cmtmo`r, tbitu smfkmi smus lmnmio, lbnmp, smhcmj, gmi
pbrmsmi mkr fbrul ikpks fuom pbrju.

Cmtmo`r tbitu cbrcbgm gmrk sk`hmy lmrbim gko`rbio. Kik ymio hbhcumt cmtmo`r
hbhpuiymk tblstur ymio lrkspk gmi omrkio. Lmrbim lbhkrkpmi gmrk gum fmfmimi kik,
ymktu cmtmo`r gmi sk`hmy, sbrkiolmjk pbifumj hbifumj lbgumiym.

Ubifumj cmtmo`r hbhmio hugma lktm tbhuk gk hmim smfm. Cksm gkfumj `jba pbgmomio
lmlk jkhm pkiookr fmjmi, pbgmomio lmlk jkhm lbjkjkio, nmdb, akioom rbst`rmi. Lktm cksm
gbiomi hugmaiym hbhcbjk cmtmo`r gk hmim pui. Wmpk tkgml mgm smjmaiym culmi
 fklm Migm hbin`cm
hbin`cm hbhcumt sbigkrk fmfmimi cmtmo`r gk ruhma Migm.

C. Cmami „ cmam
cmami
i uit
uitul
ul hbhc
hbhcumt
umt cmtmo`
cmtmo`r 
r 

 klmi tbiookrk =25 ormh gknkinmio

 tbjur = cutkr 
 hkiyml o`rbio
 gmui cmwmio = cmtmio ( rmfmio amjus )
 lujkt pmioskt o`rbio ; jbhcmr 
 tbpuio lmifk/tmpk`lm 4 sgh
 gmokio mymh =25
=25 ormh gknkinmio
 tmau putka ulurmi cbsmr 2 cuma ( p`t`io gkmo`imj cbitul sboktkom)
 hkiyml wkfbi > sgh

3
 

 omrmh sbnulupiym
sbnulupiym
N. Cmami „ cma
cmami
mi uitul
uitul smhcmj
smhcmj lmn
lmnmio 
mio 

 lmnmio tmima =55

=55 or o`rbio, amjuslmi.
amjuslmi.
 oujm pmskr = sgh
 nmcmk hbrma
hbrma 7 cuma smiormk, amamjuslmi.
juslmi.
 omrmh =/3 sgt

mkr amiomt =32 hj
 nulm = sgh
G. Nmrm Ritul hbhcumt
hbhcumt s
smhcm
mhcmjj lmnmio 
lmnmio 

 Gmjmh hbhcumt smhcmj lmnmio sbcmomk pbjbiolmp cmtmo`r kik pbrtmhm

 Migm gmpmt hbinmhpurlmi
hbinmhpurlmi lmnmio ymio tbjma gkamjulm
gkamjulmi
i gbiomi nmcmk
hbrma amjus,
amjus, nulm, omrmh smhpmk h
hbrmtm.
brmtm.
 Lbhugkmi tmhcmalmi cuhcu tbrsbcut gbiomi mkr amiomt sbgklkt uitul
hbiobinbrlmiiym
hbiobinbrlmiiym gmi gmpmt gkmgul akioom hbrmtm gmi tbrnmhpur.
B. Nmr
Nmrm
m Ritul
Ritul hbhcu
hbhcumt
mt cm
cmtmo
tmo`r 
`r 
Hbhcumt Mg`imi ksk cmtmo`r 6

 Ubrtmhm l`n`l tbjur lbhugkmi hmsullmi gmokio klmi gmi fuom mymh ymio
tbjma gknkinmio, tbpuio tmpk`lm, rmfmiomi gmui cmwmio hkiyml wkfbi gmi
 fuom omrmh.
 Mgul nmhpurmi mg`imi
mg`imi sk sbnmrm rmtm smh
smhpmk
pmk hbifmgk sumtu g`imi
g`imi ymio
gmpmt gkcbitul.
 Lbrul gmrk ksk tmau ymio sugma gko`rbio uitul tbhpmt gmjmh hbioksk
mg`imi cmls`.
 Lbhugkmi hmsullmi mg`imi ksk lb gmjmh cmokmi tbioma tmau.
Hbhcumt cmtmo`r pmioskt 6

 Ubrtmhm jbtmlmi mg`imi ksk lb cmokmi tbioma lujkt pmioskt lbhugkmi gmpmt
gksmtulmi sugut lujkt pmioskt tbrsbcut gibomi hbiblul sbgklkt moml lbjumr.

Umimslmi hkiyml uitul hbioo`rbio.
 Lbhugkmi o`rbio tmau gmi fuom pmioskt smhpmk hmtmio cbwmrim
lbn`ljmtmi. Lbhugkmi miolmt gmi tkrkslmi.
 U`t`io uitul cmtmo`r pmioskt tbrsbcut gmjmh 3 mtmu > cmokmi, lbhugkmi
tmrua lb pkrkio smfk gmi skrmhlmi pujm smus lmnmio gkmtmsiym.
D. Wkps
Wkps Gmjmh
Gmjmh Hb
Hbhcu
hcumtmt Cmtm
Cmtmo`r 
o`r 

 ^upmym smus lmnmio gmpmt jbcka tmami jmhm hmlm gmjmh pr`sbs smiormk
lmnmio fmiomi smhpmk moml lbjumr hkiyml.
 ^upmym smus tkgml cbwmrim punmt gmi imhpml objmp hmlm Migm gmpmt
hbimhcmalmi lbnmp hmiks lbgmjmh cuhcu gmrk smus cmtmo`r. Gmpmt
gktmhcmalmi hbioouimlmi
hbioouimlmi smus t`hmt momr cbwmrim lbhbrma hbrmami.
 Mpmckjm tkgml sulm hmlm
hmlm ouimlmi nmcmk
nmcmk gbiomi nmrm hbhc
hbhcumio
umio ckfk
nmcmkiym.

>
 

 Gmjmh hbioo`rbio cmtmo`r hmlm uitul sbcmkliym sbhum cmokmi gmrk

tmau gmi pmioskt gmpmt tbrbigmh hkiyml supmym cmtmo`r hbifmgk cbrmsm
ourka gmi biml.

7
 

CMC KKK
UBIRWRU

M. Lbsk
Lbskhp
hpuj
ujmi
mi

Cmtmo`r hbhmio hbifmgk smjma smtu hmlmimi ymio cmiyml gkobhmrk `rmio hujmk gmrk
miml lbnkj akioom `rmio gbwmsm. Cmtmo`r hbhmio nulup p`pujmr akioom pbioobhmriym
pui tml sbgklkt. Cmtmo`r smiomt tbimr gmi sbrkio lmjk gkcuru sbcmomk smjma smtu hmlmimi
 ymio wmfkc gkiklhmtk smmt
smmt cbrsmitmk, tmhmsym fuom cbrjkcur. Lbtklm M
Migm
igm jmpmr, cmtmo`r
 fuom smiomt n`n`l hbifmgk hmlmimi ymio pms uitul hbioomifmj pbrut. Cmtmo`r h hbifmgk
bifmgk
smjma smtu hmlmimi ymio cbrmsmj gmrk l`tm Cmiguio. Imhm cmtmo`r sbigkrk hbhkjklk mrtk
 ymlik cmls` tmau o`rbio ymio
ymio hbifmgk nmhkjmi jbzmt cmok cmiyml
cmiyml `rmio.