PASSIVE & CAUSATIVE

Passive Voice yani edilgen yapıdaki cümleler, eylemi yapanı değil, yapılan eylemi deneyimleyeni yani nesneyi odağına
alan cümlelerdir.

e.g This building was built in 1990. (Bu bina 1990’da inşa edilmiştir.)

e.g Some words are used rather frequently. (Bazı kelimeler sıkça kullanılır.)
–All the mushrooms have been eaten in the kitchen. (Tüm mantarlar mutfakta yenmiş.)

–His cell phone has been stolen! (Onun cep telefonu çalınmış!)

Passive cümlelerde zamana ve modal a uygun olarak BE ve olumlu, olumsuz, soru hiç farketmesizin VERB 3 kullanırız

Simple tenses Present am / is / are

Past was / were
Continuous tenses being
Future tenses / simple modals be
Perfect tenses / perfect Modals been

ACTIVE PASSIVE

PRESENT SIMPLE I do my homework My homework is done

PRESENT CONTINUOUS I’m doing my homework My homework is being done

PAST SIMPLE I did my homework My homework was done

PAST CONTINUOUS I was doing my homework My homework was being done

PRESENT PERFECT I have done my homework My homework have been done

PAST PERFECT I had done my homework My homework had been done

SIMPLE FUTURE (wİll /be going to) I will do my homework My homework will be done

I’m going to do my homework My homework is going to be done

FUTURE PERFECT I will have done my homework My homework will have been done

FUTURE CONTINUOUS I will be doing my homework My homework will be being done

SIMPLE MODALS ( can, must, should, I can do my homework My homework can be done

may, might, could, would, have to,

need,ought to)

PERFECT MODALS must have V3 , I could have done my homework My homework could have been done

could have V3 ,should have V3 ,

may have V3, would have V3

Note: present perfect cont. , past perfect cont. , future perfect cont. Passive yapılmaz
https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b1/active-passive-voice/

https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/passive-exercise-5.html

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/active_passive/questions2.htm

https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/passive-subordinate-clauses-exercise-1.html

BY PHRASE IN PASSIVE SENTENCES

Özneyi belirtmek istiyorsak by ile veririz.

Cansız varlıklar içinde kullanılabilir.

Who ve What soruları özneyi sorguluyorsa by kullanılmak zorundadır.

e.g Who was the Romeo and Juliet written by? / By whom was the Romeo and Juliet written ?

e.g what was the child bitten by?

BY dışında WITH de kullanılabilir. Özellikle eylemin ne ile yapıldığı söz konusu ise:

e.g He was killed by his wife with his own gun.

Note : kasıt (deliberately) varsa with kazayla (accidently) olduysa by kullanılabilir.

GET + PASSIVE

Passive yapmak için BE yerine GET kullanabiliriz.

Be accustomed to = get accustomed to da olduğu gibi.

STATIVE PASSIVE ADJECTIVES

1. I locked the door five minutes ago. 1. Ann broke the window yesterday.
2. The door was locked by me five minutes 2. The window was broken by Ann.
ago. 3. Now the window is broken.
3. Now the door is locked.

1. I am interested in Chinese art. 5. I can’t find my purse. It is gone.

2. Ann is married to Alex. 6. I am finished with my work.

3. He is satisfied with his job. 7. I am done with my work.

4. I don’t know where I am. I am lost.

Common stative passive verbs + prepositions

be accustomed to be done with https://quizlet.com/search?

query=stative-
be acquainted with be dressed in adjectives&type=all

be addicted to be engaged to

be annoyed with

by be associated with be equipped with be married to

be bored with, by be excited about be opposed to

be cluttered with be exhausted from be phased with

be composed of be exposed to be prepared for

be concerned about be filled milk be protected from

be connected to be finished with be provided with

be coordinated with be frightened of, by be qualified for

be covered with be gone from be related to

be crowded with be interested in be remembered for

be dedicated to be involved in be satisfied with

be devoted to be known for be scared of, by

be disappointed in, with be limited to be terrified of, by

be discriminated against be located in be tired of, from

be divorced from be made of be worried about

PASSIVE FORM OF GERUND INFINITIVE

ACTIVE PASSIVE
INFINITIVE TO + V1 TO BE + V3

PERFECT INFINITIVE TO HAVE V3 TO HAVE BEEN V3

Expect, want, seem ….gibi bazı fiiller infinitive ile devam eder.
e.g They have expected to win the match tomorrow.
e.g He expected to be promoted by the end of this year.
Fiilimsi olarak kullanılan fiil özne
tarafından yapılıyorsa aktif, özne
bundan etkileniyorsa passive infinitive
kullanılır
e.g She seems to have deceived her parents .
Ana fiil ile infinitive arasında zaman farkı varsa perfect
e.g He wants to have been given the reward yesterday infinitive kullanılır.

ACTIVE PASSIVE

GERUND Ving Being + V3

PERFECT GERUND Having V3 Having been V3

Like, enjoy, … etc gibi fiiller be fed up with, admit to gibi bir preposition ile bitmiş yapılar gerund alır.

e.g She enjoys spending time with her baby sister.

e.g Everybody likes being praised.

e.g They admited to having stolen the priceless painting during interrogation

e.g Our guests complained about having been offered poor service.

Practice 1. Passive Infinitives

Directions: Choose the correct answer.

1. The children agreed _____________ the snacks evenly.

A. to divide B. to be divided

2. When I told Roger the news, he seemed ______________.

A. to surprise B. to be surprised

3. Evelyn is going to fill out an application. She wants __________ for the job.

A. to consider B. to be considered

4. The FEDEX package is supposed ____________ to my house in Nashville at noon.

A. to deliver B. to be delivered

5. I expect ___________ at the airport by my brother tomorrow.

A. to meet B. to be met

6. Mr. White offered ___________ us to the train station.

A. to take B. to be taken

7. Max appears __________ about the trip to the broccoli farm.

A. to excite B. to be excited

Practice 2. Passive Gerunds

Directions: Choose the correct answer.

1. I resent _____________ when I’m speaking.

A. interrupting B. being interrupted

2. Avoid _____________ your houseplants too much water.

A. giving B. being given

3. The mountain climbers are in danger of ___________ by an avalanche.

A. killing B. being killed

4. Does Dr. Herman mind __________ at home if his patients need his help?

A. calling B. being called

5. I’m interested in __________ my communication skills.

A. improving B. being improved

6. Mrs. Simpson appreciated __________ breakfast in bed when she was under the weather.

A. serving B. being served

7. Brenda’s low SAT scores prevented her from _____________ to Dartmouth.

A. admitting B. being admitted

8. Mr. Dinkle gave no sign of _____________ his mind.

A. changing B. being changed

note: need / want / require + Ving = need / want / require + to be + V3

The house needs painting. = The house needs to be painted.

The chair is broken. I need (fix) it. – I need to fix it.

The chair needs (fix) – The chair needs fixing / to be fixed.

1. The baby’s diaper is wet. It needs (change) ____________.

2. What a mess! This room needs (clean)____________ up. We need (clean) ____________ it up before the
company arrives.

3. My shirt is wrinkled. It needs (iron) ____________.

4. There is a hole in our roof. The roof needs (repair) ____________.

5. I have books and papers all over my desk. I need (take) ____________ some time to straighten up my desk. It
needs (straighten) ____________ up.

6. The apples on the tree are ripe. They need (pick) ____________.

7. The dog’s been digging the mud. He needs (wash) ____________.

REPORTED PASSIVE

c)Reported passive reductions (It’s said that….)

acknowledge believe declare fear know report suspect

allege claim estimate feel project say think suppose
assume consider expect find prove understand state
 e.g People think that most tv programs are harmful for children. (noun clause)

ana fiil main clause noun clause un fiili

Örnekteki gibi bir main clause ve onun nesnesi noun clause dan oluşan cümleleri iki farklı şekilde
passive yapabiliriz.

a) It’s thought that most tv programs are harmful for children.

b) Most Tv programs are thought to be harmful for children.

B deki yapı için :

ACTIVE PASSIVE
INFINITIVE TO + V1 TO BE + V3

PERFECT INFINITIVE TO HAVE V3 TO HAVE BEEN V3

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TO BE + Ving ________________

PAST CONTINUOUS TO HAVE BEEN + Ving _________________

1. Noun clause un öznesini alırız ve ana fiilin öznesi yaparız tabiki passive
2. Devamında kuralına uygun olarak tablodan uygun olan yapı ile birlikte noun clause un fiilini kullanırız.
A) Present be ( am / is / are to be ) kendiniz yapın Salı bakalım
e.g People believe that he is the modern Albert Einstein.
a)
b)
B) Simple present / Future tense (will , be going to ) to V1
e.g I understand that she loathes children.
a)
b)
C) Past be ( was, were --------- to have been )
e.g People say that they were very rich in the past

a)
b)

D) Simple past / present perfect to have V3

e.g They claim that Anastasia left the building about an hour ago.
a)
b)
E) Present continuous to be Ving
e.g They assume that she is sleeping in her bedroom now.
 a)
b)
F) Past continuous to have been Ving

e.g Employees report that the intern was working very hard.

a)

b)

G) Main clause ve noun clause un fiiller past simple ise TO V1 ile yaparız

e.g Ancient people believed that the sun revolved around the Earth.

a)

b)

Note: noun clause passive olduğu zaman aynı yapıların passive hallerini kullanırız
e.g People say that a lot of children are kidnapped every day
a)

b)

e. g They report that hundreds of people were injured in the incident.

a)

b)

CAUSATIVE ( ettirgen)

GET

SOMETHING DONE (VERB 3)

HAVE

E.G I have had / got my hair dyed (saçımı boyattım)

I had my car repaired.

MAKE
(ZORLA)
HAVE
(PARAYLA ya da İKNA İLE) SOMEBODY DO (VERB 1)
LET
(İZİN)
 e.g Our teacher always makes us do a lot of homework.

e.g I had the mechanic repair my car

e.g My boss never lets me leave the office early.

GET SOMEBODY TO DO STH

( ikna etmek)

E.G Eventually, I have got my father to buy me a new smart phone.

https://ingilizce.testleri.gen.tr/causative-testleri/

Note 1: make somebody do sth passive kullanıldığı zaman BE MADE TO DO

e.g My mother makes my sisters clean the whole house.

My sisters are made to clean the whole house

Note 2: get somebody done yapısındaki somebody işi yapan değil yine etkilenendir.

e.g I got my child vaccinated yesterday.

Çocuğumu aşılattım.

https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b1-b2/have-something-done/

Note 3: help somebody ( to ) do sth my friend helped me ( to ) carry my house.

Cause somebody to do The bright light caused her to blink.