Electrical Circuits 2

5. Circuit Phasors
Series and Parallel R-L and R-C

Jayson Bryan E. Mutuc

Jayson Bryan E. Mutuc

Series R-L Formulas:
Impedance
Z = R + jXL

𝑍 = √𝑅2 + 𝑋𝐿2
Q factor of coil
𝑋𝐿 1 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑
𝑄= = = 2𝜋 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒
𝑅 𝑝𝑓

Voltage Current
VT = VR + jVL IT = IR = IL

𝑉𝑇 = √𝑉𝑅2 + 𝑉𝐿2 Impedance coil

V = IZ A coil of wire designed to provide impedance in an
electric circuit.

Z = R + jXL 𝑍 = √𝑅2 + 𝑋𝐿2

Jayson Bryan E. Mutuc

Parallel R-L

Formulas
Impedance Current Voltage
1 1 1
= + 𝐼𝑇 = √𝐼𝑅2 + 𝐼𝐿2 VT = VR = VL
𝑍 𝑅 𝑗𝑋𝐿
IT = IR + IL (complex number)

Jayson Bryan E. Mutuc

Series R-C Formulas
Impedance
Z = R - jXc

𝑍 = √𝑅2 + 𝑋𝐶2

Voltage Current
VT = VR – jVC IT = IR = IC
𝑉𝑇 = √𝑉𝑅 2 + 𝑉𝐶2
V = IZ Note that the IXc phasor is downward, exactly
opposite from IXL phasor because of the opposite phase
angle.

Jayson Bryan E. Mutuc

Parallel R-C

Formulas
Impedance Current Voltage
1 1 1
= + 𝐼𝑇 = √𝐼𝑅2 + 𝐼𝐶2 VT = VR = VC
𝑍 𝑅 −𝑗𝑋𝐶

IT = IR + IC (complex number)
Dielectric Loss in Capacitor
An ideal capacitor is one in which there are no losses and whose current leads the
voltage by 90°. In practice, it is impossible to get such a capacitor although close
approximation is achieved by proper design. In every capacitor, there is always
some dielectric loss and hence it absorbs some power from the circuit. Due to this
loss, the phase angle is somewhat less than 90°.

Jayson Bryan E. Mutuc

Problems
1)If a 50-Ω R and 70-Ω XL are in series with 120V applied. Find the impedance,
total current, power factor, and voltage across inductor and resistor.

2)A 500-Ω R is in parallel with 300-Ω XL with 500V. Find IT, pf, ZT.

3)A coil has a resistance of 35-Ω and an inductance of 0.14H the coil is
connected to 60cps, 117V power source. Calculate a)the circuit current
b)phase angle c)power used in the external circuit.

4)An impedance coil has a resistance of 20Ω and an inductive reactance of 40Ω.
For what value of series resistance with overall power factor of the circuit be
0.6

5)What should be the capacitance of a capacitor in series with a 250Ω resistor

that will limit the current to 1.2 amp when the circuit is connected to a 600V
60cycle source. Calculate also the power factor in this condition.

6)A 15Ω R is in parallel with 20-Ω capacitor are placed 120V ac line. Find IR,IC,
IT, pf, ZT.

Jayson Bryan E. Mutuc

Supplementary Problems
1)A small ac motor used in washing machine is in effect, an RL circuit. If the
machine takes 311 watts and 4.5 amp from a 115volt source when operating
normally, calculate its power factor.

2)A 240 Volt 60cycle source is connected to a coil of wire that has a resistance
of 75Ω and an inductance of 0.0477 Henry. Calculate the following.
a)impedance b)current c)power d) power factor

3)A resistor, in series with a 138μf capacitor is connected to a 60cycle source. If

the voltage drop across the capacitor is 115 volts and the power taken by the
circuit is 922 watts. Calculate a)the circuit current b)the ohmic value of resistor
c) the line voltage d) the circuit power factor

Jayson Bryan E. Mutuc