Lab#

Date: May 2, 2023

Topic: Qualitative Analysis
Aim: To determine the identity of compound by a series of qualitative reaction.

Apparatus/Materials:
Bunsen burner, test tubes, splint, nichrome wire, dilute Nitric acid, silver nitrate, nitrate solution,
distilled water, concentrated hydrochloric acid, barium chloride, sodium hydroxide, aqueous
ammonia solution.

# Test/Method Observation Inference

1 The sample was Blue crystal A transition element is present.
examined carefully.
2 A small amount of Blue green C u2 +¿¿ ion is present
concentrated solution
Hydrochloric acid  Equation:
was added. A Blue green Cu 2+¿ −¿
( aq ) + 2Cl (aq ) → CuCl2(aq) ¿ ¿
nichrome wire was flame
dipped into the
solution and heat
was applied.
3 Sodium hydroxide Dark blue Cu
2 +¿¿
ion is present
was added dropwise precipitate
to a solution of the insoluble in  Equation:
sample and then in excess
excess. 2+¿ −¿
Cu (aq ) + 2OH (aq ) → Cu(OH )2(s) ¿ ¿
4 Aqueous ammonia Deep blue Cu
2 +¿¿
ion is present.
was added to a solution
solution of sample Pale blue
dropwise and then in insoluble
excess. precipitate
5 The sample of a No The compound is thermally stable.
solid was heated in a observable
test tube. reaction
6 Concentrated Blue green Cu
2 +¿¿
ion is present
hydrochloric acid solution and
was added to the then a green  Equation:
sample and heated. solution 2+¿ −¿
Cu (aq ) + 2Cl (aq ) → CuCl2(aq) ¿ ¿
after heated.
7 Concentrated Insoluble in The cation present is a transition metal ion.
sulphuric acid was sulphuric
added to the sample acid. Fully Cu
2 +¿¿
ion is may be present
and heated. dissolve
when
heated.
 Blue
solution
8 A few drops of No The compound in the sample forms insoluble silver
silver nitrate was observable compounds.
added to solution of reaction
the sample and TheC l −¿ ¿, B r−¿¿ or I −¿¿ ion may be present.
Nitric acid and the
precipitate was
observed.
9 Ammonia solution Light blue The compound forms a complex with ammonia.
was added to the precipitate
mixture in #8 and Royal blue  Equation 1:
changes were noted. solution
Did not
−¿→¿¿
2 +¿+ OH ¿
Cu ( H 2 O6 ) (s)
dissolve
 Equation 2:

¿¿
−¿ ¿
10 Aqueous barium Pale blue Cl ion is present
chloride was added precipitate
to a solution of the
sample of nitric acid

Precaution:
 Ensure that proper laboratory gear is worn while carrying out the experiment in order to
avoid injuries.

Limitation:
 Impurities in the sample may cause inaccuracies in results.

Conclusion:
−¿ ¿
The cation present is C u2 +¿¿ and the anion present is the C l ion. The compound is CuC l 2 i.e.
Copper (II) Chloride.