VANA 215 – Muscle Tissue o sarcomere – the unit structure of muscle

contraction, w/c starts in the sarcomere

 Muscle Tissue o it includes all myofilaments located between two
 group of muscle cells or fibers composed of adjacent sarcomere
organelles and inclusions like any other cell
 sarcolemma – the name for the cell membrane; o field of cohnheim is the group of myofilaments
the cytoplasm is called sarcoplasm appear clumps of acidophilic dots
 “sarco” means flesh
 actin and myosin that comprise the myofilaments
of the fiber enable the muscle to perform the
property of its sarcoplasm (i.e. contractility
responsible for locomotion/movement of the body)

 3 Types of Muscle based on their STRUCTURE

1. Smooth/ non-striated/ involuntary muscle
2. Skeletal/ striated/ voluntary muscle
o in relaxed or contracted sarcomere –
3. Cardiac/ striated/ involuntary muscle
o Ordinary Cardiac Muscle (OCM) myofilaments are longitudinally arranged in the
middle, extending to but not reading the ends of
o Special cardiac muscle fiber or Purkinje
sarcomere
o actin filaments extend from the Z line toward the
1. Smooth/ non-striated/ involuntary muscle
middle of each adjacent sarcomere in between
 elongated and spindle-shaped cells with tapered
the myosin filaments where they terminate in free
ends
ends before reaching the H band
 elongated nucleus is also
o contraction of sarcomere is the result of sliding of
centrally located
actin into the interstices of the myosin where they
 muscle fibers are tightly
are interdigitated; pulling the Z lines until at full
paced to form sheet
contraction the free ends of actin meet in the
 in longitudinal section,
middle of the sarcomere
fibers forming sheet are
o contracted sarcomere has no H Band
arranged in staggered
fashion o stretched sarcomere , the actin filaments over
 middle widest portion of the fiber is adjacent to the extend and slide away from the myosin, resulting
tapered; end of other fiber making the nuclei to a wide H band almost obliterating the A band
appear staggered also
 found in the lamina propria of the tunica mucosa
and tunica muscularis of tubular organs
2. Skeletal/ striated/ voluntary muscle
 fibers are long and cylindrical with blunt ends
 multinucleated located peripherally
 special feature is the x-striations of the
sarcoplasm oriented perpendicular to the long
axis of the fiber
 striations are the alternating dark or A band and 3. Cardiac/ striated/ involuntary muscle
light or I band  2 types of cardiac muscle
o I band – contains the fine/thin actin filaments
o A band – contains the thick myosin filaments end
of actin = A band is dark
o EM, A band has a narrow light area at the middle
called H band because of the absent actin filament
o represents the gap between the free ends of actin
filaments
o I band is bisected by the middle dark line called Z
line where the actin filament of one sarcomere are
connected to the next sarcomere
 o Ordinary cardiac
muscle (OCM) – has
x-striations but
functions but
functions like smooth
muscle

 Multinucleated
located at the
center of elongated branched fiber
 highly vascular, have intercalated disc, running
transversely on the longitudinal axis of the
fibers, indicating the point of end to end
contact of the muscle
fibers
o Special cardiac muscle fiber
or Purkinje fiber – impulse
conducting cells located from
A-V node to IV septum

 Connective tissue
covering of muscle
 Epimysium – outer most covering
 Perimysium – covers bundle/fascicle of
muscle
 Endomysium – covering of muscle fiber