Research Questions and Theory or Model

Research Questions and Theory or Model

Research Questions

1. What are the primary contributors behind the increasing prevalence of young

adults and adolescents diagnosed with type II diabetes?

 2. Among adolescents and young adults diagnosed with type II diabetes, is a non-

pharmacologic approach as or more effective than a pharmacological one in

managing and exerting glycemic control over one year?

3. How does health education on the importance of healthy lifestyle changes

influence the incidence rate of type II diabetes among young adults and

adolescents as compared to those who do not receive health education.

Parameters for Developing Ethical Research Questions

The parameters involved in developing an ethical research question are largely dependent

on the regulations established by Institutional Review Boards (IRBs). Ultimately, it is the IRBs

which decide whether or not a research study is conducted, and thus, it is imperative to

understand their ethical standards when creating a research question (Drolet et al., 2022). Some

common ethical parameters required by the IRBs include informed consent, minimizing

participant deception, and reducing psychological and physiological harm to participants.

Potential ethical considerations for the aforementioned research questions are informed

participant consent in the first, participant beneficence and deception in the second question, and

participant privacy and confidentiality in the third. In the first research question, a large scale

study would be necessary to obtain results, which would mean that many participants are

necessary for the experiment. It can be easy to simply take patient data and use it for the

purposes of this research, however, it is important to first obtain informed consent from the

participant before utilizing their data or including them in the study. The second research

question involves deceiving some participants and potentially putting participants in harm's way.

This is due to the fact that the control group would not receive additional support for their

diabetes, unlike the other group which is participating in the non-pharmacological strategy.
Consequently, the health and well being of the patients must be prioritized, and they must be

informed before and after that deception was a component in the study. In the last research

question, participant privacy and confidentiality would be the ethical concern since patient data

would play a large role in this study, which must be kept protected.

Theory

Imogene King's theory of goal attainment emphasizes the health outcome of patients.

This theory focuses on 3 systems within a patient’s life that influence their ability to achieve

health and life goals, which are personal, interpersonal, and social. The personal system includes

aspects of a patient such as their body image, perception, development, growth, and so on

(Mohsen & Mahsa, 2018). In the interpersonal system, patient aspects like interactions, roles,

and transactions are present. Finally, the social system involves aspects such as decision-making,

organization, and authority. These systems all interact with one another and create unique

situations for patients that influence the way in which they attain health goals. This theory is best

proposed for my evidence-based intervention since it will be largely up to the participant to

maintain a consistent schedule. As a result, this theory can be utilized to further encourage

continuing the intervention among participants, as other aspects of patients’ lives can be

analyzed to improve their ability to attain goals in the present, and potentially in the future.

Application of theory to Implementation of Intervention

The theory of goal attainment is best applied in the implementation of my evidence-based

intervention by having the occupational therapist and the patient interact on a more interpersonal

level in order to encourage goal attainment in the study in regard to glycemic control. The family

of the patient will serve as the social system in order to further bolster positive impacts on
patients’ goal attainment. Additionally, the occupational therapist can use this theory to help

identify the differences between individuals who implement lifestyle changes and those who do

not (Hofverberg & Winberg, 2020). This theory functions to coalesce the patient’s environment

by ensuring that they have multiple forms of support, which in turn results in better results from

the intervention.

References
Drolet, M.-J., Rose-Derouin, E., Leblanc, J.-C., Ruest, M., & Williams-Jones, B. (2022). Ethical

Issues in Research: Perceptions of Researchers, Research Ethics Board Members and

 Research Ethics Experts. Journal of Academic Ethics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-

022-09455-3.

Hofverberg, A., & Winberg, M. (2020). Challenging the universality of achievement goal

models: comparing two culturally distinct countries. Scandinavian Journal of

Educational Research, 64(3), 333-354.https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2018.1544170.

Mohsen Adib-Hajbaghery, & Mahsa Tahmouresi. (2018). Nurse–patient relationship based on

the imogene king’s theory of goal attainment. Nursing and Midwifery Studies, 7(3), 141.

https://doi.org/10.4103/2322-1488.235636.