Inorganic Chem Elements excellent semiconductor

- Study of the formation, synthesis, and -Composed of atoms (Si, Ge)

properties of compounds that do not contain - are Metals, nonmetals, metalloids, semimetals Compounds
carbon-hydrogen bonds. -Made up of two or more ELEMENTS
Classification of Elements -Chemically combine elements
Matter • Metals Classification of compounds
-Anything that occupies space and has mass o Physical properties 1. Acid
▪ Usually solid at room -Hydrogen compound whose hydrogen can
Structure of an atom tempt. be replaced by a metal
1. Atomic nucleus ▪ Ductile Properties of acid:
-Protons ▪ Malleable o Sour taste
-Neutrons ▪ Good conductor of heat o Reaction with certain
2. Electrons and electricity metals=produces
State of matter o Chemical properties Hydrogen
Solid ▪ When combine with other o Reaction with
-definite volume and definite shape metals, it forms alloy Bases=produces salt and
Types of solid (Bronze; Cu & Sn) water
1. Crystalline substances ▪ It reacts with non-metal to
-have a definite arrangement form ionic compounds or
-Assume a definite geometric shape or salts 2. Base
figure ▪ Lose electron forming -Hydroxides of metal – hydroxide anion and
Ex. Table sugar, salt, diamond positive ion (Al, Mg, Ca, metallic cations
K) Properties of base:
2. Amorphous substances o Bitter taste
-no definite form • Non-metals o Soapy or slippery feeling
- supercooled liquids o Physical P. o Reaction with
Ex. Wax, paraffin, glass, plastic ▪ Colorless or brilliant color acid=produces salt &
▪ Gases at room temp. water
▪ Brittle 3. Salt
Liquids
▪ Poor conductor of heat -substances consist of metallic radical
- Definite volume but no definite shape
and electricity -combined w/ non-metal or acid radical
- Incompressible
o Chemical P. Types of salt:
▪ Non-metals combine with a. Normal salts (NaCl)
Gases b. Basic salts – contain 1 or more
non-metals forms covalent
-no definite shape, no definite volume OH radicals
compounds (CO2)
Plasma c. Acid salts – hydrogen of an acid
▪ Gain electrons forming a
-Ionize Gas replaced by a metal
negative ion
-result from breaking off an atom or molecule of gas d. Double salts – 2 metals combined
• Metalloids or semi-metals
-contains free electrons and free positive ions with 1 radical
▪ Have properties that lie
between metal and non- 4. Oxide
Classification of matters metals -oxygen & only one other element
Pure substances ▪ Look like metal but brittle Kinds of oxide:
-One particular kind of atom like non-metal a. Metallic oxide
-Homogenous materials with definite chemical ▪ Neither conductor nor -metal + oxygen
properties insulator but make b. Basic anhydride
c. Non-metallic oxide
 d. Acid anhydride Physical Change (Triangle) Atomic Symbols
Note: Anhydride = no oxygen L->S = Freezing Mass # = Protons + Neutrons
Mixtures L->G =Evaporation Atomic #, Protons, Electrons = same
-Contains two or more SUBSTANCES S->L = Melting
Types of mixture: S->G = Sublimation
a. Homogeneous Mixture G->S = Reverse Sublimation
-Made up of only one phase G->L = Condensation Put the function of the given radioisotopes
Ex. Sugar solution 1. Iodine – 131 &123
b. Heterogeneous Mixture Chem. Changes (Nasa PPT) 2. Strontium -90
-Components are easily identified 3. Cobalt 59 & 60
Ex. Oil and water 2. Extensive Property 4. Thallium 201
-Change when the size of the 5. Chromium 151
sample changes
Properties of Matter

1. Intensive Property ENERGY

-Does not change when some Energy Level
samples are taken away Note: 1st part next page
Types of Intensive Property: S = sharp
a. Physical Property/changes – Changes in energy -Spherical shape
affects the state and appearance of - 2 electrons
the matter a. Exothermic change
-Color -Energy is given off P = principal
-taste - Involves heat flow from the system of -Dumbbell shape
-odor surroundings -6 electrons
-volume
-mass b. Endothermic change D = diffuse
-boiling point -Energy is absorbed -four leaf clover (hourglass & ring)
-melting point -Involves heat flow from the surrounding -10 electrons
-freezing point to the system
b. Chemical property/changes –
F = fundamental
Results in the formation of a new
Nuclear change – Change in the composition of -complex shape
chemical substance
nuclei of atoms =14 electrons
-Reactivity; combine w/
a) Nuclear fission
other substance
-separation (Split into two) Electronic configuration
-Combustibility; combine
b) Nuclear fusion
w/ oxygen
-Combine (draw)
-Stability; Resist changes
-Deliquescence; become
wet when exposed to air CHEMICAL SYMBOLS, NOTATIONS, &
-Efflorescence; dry, crisp NOMENCLATURE
& powdery when exposed Modern atomic theory
to air -small nucleus
-Effervescence; forms -3 elementary/subatomic particles (Protons, electrons,
bubbles or foam & Neutrons)