CLASSIFICATION

CHEM 11 | BSP 3A
OF MATTER

c.) metalloid - an element that has properties that are

intermediate b/w those metals and non-metals (silicon Si,
germanium Gi)
BASAGTP (boron, antimony, silicon, arsenic,
germanium, tellerium, polonium)

2.) COMPOUND - substance formed from two or more

elements chemically combined in fixed proportions

● INORGANIC COMPOUND - chemical

compound that lacks carbon and hydrogen
bonds
○ OXIDES (for binary compund)
■ Any compound w oxygen
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER atom
■ Oxides combine w water to
● Matter - anything that occupies space and has mass give an acid is termed as an
(tangible; solid, liquid, intangible; gas, air) acidic oxide
● Pure substance - constant chemical chance ■ Oxide that gives a base in
composition (fixed and cannot alter the water is known as basic
components) oxide
● Mixture - physical combination of two or more ■ An amphoteric solution is a
substances in w/c the identities are retained and are substance that can
mixed in the form of solution, suspension, and chemically react as either
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colloids (doesn’t have fixed composition) acid or base (it can be a
neutral oxide) (Carbon
monoxide, Carbon dioxide)
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○ ACIDS
CLASSIFICATION OF PURE SUBSTANCE
■ Sour taste and smell
■ w/ H+ - Hydrogen Ion as
1.) ELEMENTS- pure substance that cannot be broken the first element
■ pH<7
down by ordinary means.
■ Increases the H+
● monoatomic elements - one atom (sodium,
concentration in water
iron, calcium) atomic Nitrogen (N), atomic (BBR blue litmus paper
Hydrogen (H). atomic Oxygen (O), Carbon © turns red)
● diatomic elements - two atoms molecular ■ Reacts w/ metals to
Nitrogen N², molecular Hydrogen H², produce Hydrogen gas
molecular Oxygen O² ■ Reacts w/ base to produce
salt and water
● allotropes - three atoms (Ozone O3, graphite,
buckyball
○ BASE
a.) metal - any class of substance characterized by high ■ Bitter taste
electrical and thermal conductivity (copper, gold, aluminum) ■ pH>7
PROPERTIES OF METAL ■ Slippery feel
- Shiny, solid at BTP, malleable, ductile, ■ RBB red litmus paper turns
sonoprous, high melting and boiling point, blue
good conductors of heat and electricity ■ Accepts OH - (Hydroxide
Ion)
PROPERTIES OIF NON-METAL
■ Increases the OH
- Dull, gases, liquids or solids at RTP (room temp
concentration in water
and pressure, brittle, low melting and boiling
point, poor conductors of heat and electricity pH - potential of Hydrogen (measures of
b.) non-metal - an element that does not produce heat acidity and alkalinity of substance) acidic - 0-7, alkaline - 7-14
and electricity and that is structurally brittle (hydrogen, carbon)

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 CLASSIFICATION
CHEM 11 | BSP 3A
OF MATTER

○ SALT ● NON-AQUEOUS SOLUTION - solute is dissolved in

■ Crystalline solid solvent other than water (ex: phosphorous in ethyl
■ Transparent or opaque alcohol, iodine in carbon tetrachloride)
■ Soluble in water
■ Solutions of salts conduct CONCENTRATIONS OF SOLUTIONS
energy ● DILUTE SOLUTION - contains a small amount of solute
■ Neutral salts are odorless in a large amount of solvent (ex: 40% alcohol)
■ Can be colored or colorless ● CONCENTRATED SOLUTION - contains a large amount
■ Can be acidic, basic, and of solute in a small amount of solvent (ex: 70% alcohol)
neutral
■ NaCl -Sodium Chloride 2.) HETEROGENOUS MIXTURE - (uneven distribution) )different
(neutral), NH4Cl - components are identifiable. Has two or more phases
Ammonium CHloride
(acidic), Na²CO౩ - sodium
carbonate (basic) SPECIAL TYPES OF HETEROGENOUS MIXTURE
1.) SUSPENSION- appear uniform when mixed but settle
● ORGANIC COMPOUND - contains carbon out. Can be seen w/ the unaided eye. If left
atoms covalently bonded to Hydrogen and undistributed, gravity will cause the particles to
Carbon atoms separate. (ex: chocolate milk, muddy water, oil &
vinegar dressing)
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER 2.) COLLOIDS - appear uniform but they do not settle out.
However, their particles are topo large, ro be classified
as a homogenous solution. Suspended particles cannot
1.) HOMOGENOUS MIXTURE (even distributed)
be seen w/ unaided eye. Gravity will not cause them to
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○ Uniform composition, one phase, small
separate. (ex: gelatin, milk, smoke, fog, mayonnaise)
particles, evenly distributed (salt water
● EMULSION -suspension of liquids where
solution, iodine, vinegar)
separation of particles is prevented through
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the use of an emulsifying agent.
Solution - defined as homogenous mixture w/c mainly comprises
3.) TYNDALL EFFECT - the scattering of a beam of light
of two components, namely solute and solvent
caused by particles in a colloid. Allow homogenous
solutions and colloids to be distinguished.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF SOLUTIONS
1.) SOLID SOLUTION - solvent is solid, solute is either
liquid or gas (alloy)
2.) LIQUID SOLUTION - solvent is liquid, solute is either
solid, liquid, or gas (vinegar, oxygen in water)
3.) GAS SOLUTION - solvent is gas, solute is either solid,
gas, or liquid (clean air, naphthalene, smog)

TYPES OF SOLUTION
1.) UNSATURATED SOLUTION - solvent is capable of
dissolving any more solute at a given temperature
2.) SATURATED SOLUTION - solvent is not capable of
dissolving any more solute at a given temperature
3.) SUPER SATURATED - comprises of a large amount of
solute at a temperature wherein it will be revealed as a
result the extra solute will crystalize quickly

FORMS OF SOLUTION
● AQUEOUS SOLUTION - when a solute is dissolved in
water solution (ex; salt in water)