1.

De-Forestation

For the processing and manufacturing of papers Tress are the basic raw material from where the
paper is being extracted by going through various process. For this process we also need Human
Resource as well as Heavy machinery to cut the trees.
This process can create major effect on the environment by increasing the global warming. To
meet the increasing demand of the papers everyday almost 2 million trees felled down which is
not the good sign for our environment.
2.Transportation
Transportation of trees from exploration sites (Forest) to the processing factory required Heavy
machineries like Cranes, Trucks, Conveyer Belts etc. which require heavy duty petroleum
products like diesel which cause more emissions than regular petroleum product which is
gasoline. Here, also human resource is required.
3. Pulping
This process has too many pulping technologies but the most used process is Kraft Chemical
Pulping which helps in removing fiber by dissolving most of the lignin and hemicelluloses
remained in the wood, resulting in better separation of the cellulose fibers. In a manner of
speaking. This process also needs to go through heavy machinery like compressors and chemical
process which also increase the emissions.
4.Refining
Here comes the refining part in which machinery look out to separate the impurities and
unwanted materials which leads to more wastage and if that residue is not able to use anywhere.
It includes mainly the water wastage which being separated from the pulp.
The wastage is being disposed in an open lake sometimes in local factories or in some cases
water treatment is done to re-use the water.
5.Dilution & Formation
This process includes formation of thin-fiber mixtures and the screening of fiber. As such if my
understanding no such wastage is being produced at this stage which can affect the environment
at major level.
6.Pressurization
This process helps to increase the density of materials. Water is added to the pulp slurry to make
a thin mixture normally containing less than 1 percent fiber.
Here, heavy machinery like compressors are being used which runs mainly on electricity not on
petroleum products like Gasoline or Diesel but lubrication process is done in machinery for
smooth working which cannot cause emissions at higher side.
7.Drying and Finishing Product
This Process continues from the last process of Pressurization where the dilute slurry is then
cleaned in cyclone cleaners and screened in centrifugal screens before being fed into the ‘wet
end’ of the paper-forming machine.
Here, some sort of pollutants is formed like dust which can pollute the environment as well as for
packaging we use cartons at mass level where the wastage of the cartons are also the possible
outcomes which again are going to recycled or should go directly to the open environment as
wastage.
Also, the delivery of Finished Products includes transportation which eventually increase the air
pollution level.