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6[qr 9* zl-e"B + ?lE+ #9$.ol xê 'ell?'+= aH E6ll +dolzll z}|Hg als+6]E 1"1 C
E +!-qlq4. z]]H$ TllB= g++Bg E{| +^lq} Eo.J€ HliL . ts-96}l, {tr zld"ll.tl {fz} zJf
+s=zl +q6iq *PaI{o} 6l-41+q4.
ol^J+('1t) €zle 1ftrfl ^Jg 3LJAel r=qg +=61 {tot gflE aEq+
zlz$ +B61z]l, "H.J Cd6}rll ++61+ 4"1 fol r=dq AB"Jq+.
Point E8E
E4^1 ++el 7l= trl?Fl EEilel slrLJE EEl',zlrl EtIlElE EJotLHsaLlEl.

=B+El
g+Eoll= i13 SxllE HUfE-r.8El6l7|l EaJ+81 ,\lAtEtLlrl.
T a?Eollc
=E-6E
=0161.=
84El aEUs. ExilE 6H46? I ?l-d rlgEl E# 6lzl EJLlrl.
TllEel EEE -H.qT= '7[LJ €al's] .F.Etf, E{rBiltrEJH* ela6E'*E 6ile TtpE +E6HAqEt.
7t|E Ealoll^l= d++A49 E=€= E6|G 7I|LJo| gEElr CElElts E=E €E6ffiALlq.
2 EsfitrlDoilîts TllLJqfa + +EEE tr^ltE^lt= +ts ritol stot Et= LtlE€ gtLHotflALtrt.
!E-d Step2 ofrlESe.l 'rT lEHSchema)' Tlloll^l= tllEE-doll tll6ll Exilq tzltl gE E=Ef + ?lE=
EE€ E^.lEl6'}q ErllEolql 4EEt + ?tE= 6ffl+Llrl.
=olel
Lllt! 7l# E, +-/-E'g, EfB Tle?-rilrzllrl flr16Pll E+16lol eE Lllt!o|! El4![6[g€qq.

E
3 2015 7t|E irqal€o| trEElol SxtlE El= Lt|C

EJg6HA!+. ^l-d
g +=JEE, -qfB"l
=xll
eat= 8E$lXl 4qEU
Structure lc)
=.A{
.l0.rq tI E{, 7[LJ $al . ..2.--- -- STEP

E'EUE oE
JI
- . l|E -qtG61ts Lt|e-4 E=El= olE LllC i:l+191il E6l7l= ffit

qt+ LHE€ ArAl EaleIALEf . Allqol g+El= aEuJs E-d
=Er'4r1E6ffiAUq:
. -HHEoI tr_!==lEl
l At*€
#loil =ll=rllq=
4el4Hl= B + ?1E= 6[H+
Lltrl.
.,1,-*.oooo STEP I{" Sgrt

D-Er <.-- =01
;Ial^1I 8E6h= 64fl SE 01
. EEolelEr'4 rlgEj 0l0lrlol qfa€ Pl

. THLJE 11$6l"= 7|E g + ?l= Et@E+E-6|H+L|r|.
UoEq E-Bf-=eJE
cJflE eqC + . tl ufolz=':d +l-zf +7|'€Be
=6f = o e, +7l40l7lLl
=01=
d=4?l €Eol
EE-a E+6IG r1Fo6fH+LltL EEt
. +EE Exll6t|='JEE 9a145 "JeEt 3+ EEDE rlFoolq E+El6H
.\{o El-ol^.r ll-l
EEEEIID=x1F:--srLlt[. Ei/\/(tl"lLl,
==
.,,,p -".r*u+6a1 STEP

Lltt! gdEril i{tilE +ttl c!} gE
. qr'r. LHc EEaJ 9l= ErilE
xl+ ^l-dollll LJolE"lEB-
E+6 =8
=xlE=
x
+EE-e Iq F:o 5 lflA! +.

. H|{Eoltszl ^l tr.-}==rE!
fl At=E
=^jE=
EEloil rH-d r]]Hl= g+ ?lE= 6lH6
Llrl.
. THEEB
^7lDl(schemaE ^ll8EfUtl.
El-g
11 5 urs r,rsa :du rr8s
HJsl tsqzHoloi 61ts +x.|lgol tsE EgA LtEl.LJLlEl'.
r' - 2t - q)'& tufl t rl ol ao* a,r
( l arz' 1 .'' +d,rir"oJ ql,
El+el (ig +6I' r 4cg
^l+6}^ls.
(*, ar, ar, a2,..., arrE t+"14.) x*so
\t\ ao+ on E8|e xl+ Ee|E LEIHLIEL
\2) aoi a"l aro* ar2
ao+ a2+ a.+
îeB EE^'l .A-\e=x1lEl=
Erll= jeE =.J?Jxl= sJdal= +aJ= El + flAqq
(3) a'* a"* as* ar* anl a,
dU ir85
062 tt&aptck! tEieE-O
Hl+Elololtrlol= tr1 +lE EB= ?JLHgLltf. tr=EB 8?#l7l qalE ql
rarl gol .s.€ sî4el ?JL[|E CEEXIE EE

^l.t6l.= = dtrl Erllfl Ellet E=oll Etol
=olE ELltrl.
aolel u."1 oo"J 4*E{l ABCD-
EFGHTI llr+. C-BGDe-l EE E^lElg golE
=ol.ttE
îHrll '{fl!e]
tol 24eoJ q. rl+E{IABCD-EFGH9I AHol:? B7t3Eg E+871= AqSEE
B7tfl7l*
E7l-fl, nE€ 7l==r.ll!E= r 7l=ErllTl EEEJ EB= LlElLJLlrf.
fl8H Pick!
EEIoll 1l+l d8'-Jfll PickE!, Lt|tloll ErllE[= g7lfl'Ei€ sEr,'{' TIE(EE) Erl]=
LtElHLlEl.
Contents ile{l
+,+^lel *4 g4r
01 q*^rst =Er
Etr 007
[|2 LrEirt€at 026
03 ?Jt="=tt 048
"J4^lr+ +€:^l
01 olilHJ8^l 067
=a+el
02 oFHr€^lEt otitE1+ 101
03 qa1 7tr! gB+++E l 121*
E€el %F4^l
[|1 Buals 159
[|2 4det sd^l 174
[|3 flq HJEÎ 191
0+ .E.EgI OIE 210

+.J4
[|1 +Batet EulEu

Llqrl8al
02
[|3 PItEatl
trl:dAlgl EUI gltt
lolE qE LilE
. gil . olxJ+.|o; . trl-dalo! HErl rgts trEr^lel trtdrt,gd

I
HEzl EE @
E+oJg Al#qlel 4l,t}d+.
.- -E
tiE
il -=./\l
O-l . trlSAlE Eg @ qg^letgt{ltgflB t
(tl (a+b)2:a'+Zab+b'' zl+Hzl4 Eul]Hzlg ol+6}q 49 dz]|t + E+"J4el 4ltlttrl.

(a-b)':a'-Zab*b' EtE -E
1r. -r.A1l o-i
l
Q) (a*b)(a-b):a,-b' :
0 (a * b)' a' + sa'b + sab' + b'
(3) ( r*a ) ( r+ b) r' + (a -f b) r * ab
- (
- b)3 - at - ga'b + rabz - b3
a
Q) (cm*b)(cr+d)
Q) ( a* b) ( a' - ab * b') - a' + b'
(ad *bc)r*bd
-lct'l (a
- b) (a' + ab + b') - a' - b'
@ (a * b * c)' : a' + b' + c' + zab * 2bc * Zca
@) ( a * b * c) ( a' + b' * c' - ab - bc - c a)
- a' + b' + c' - gabc
(s) ( a2 * ab * b') ( a' ab * b') * ao + a'b' + bn
-
(6) ( r * a) ( r + b) ( r * c) -- t' + ( a * b * c ) x' * ( ab * bc * c a) t * ab c
,(- :E
tlEll =J\lol
o-i-t rHtl
. Eld EA|E HE i;' uo @ Bc B^lel EB
(r)a'*b2-(a*b)'z-2ab r u"+b" tu*bt '.\ub(a*bl
: (a-b)'+zab (t'-h" trt-bt t'.\tbtu-bl
Q) (a+b)2-(a-b)'++ab '.t u.!+b"+t;' tu l-b*r'r'2toh*bt'*t'ut
(a- b1'z- @* b)'z- 4ab B) az + bz + c' -- ca: t I ( a - b )" + ( b - c 7" + { c - a)'}

ab - bc
,1,tt'-l b"-l r" (rt-l b*r')lu'+ht+l' uh -ht t'ttl l'.\ubc
. xit!+el Ll-t8'_il-i
aits+ a= zlg+ Dtr ++fi.g trilE +9 +6J! AE trI"J^l B (B+0)e ++fl$ trIel +g 8, 4"lzlE R+ tl[E
q, +qzJE r4 alE A:BQ+R, (RE il^+)<(BE iI+)
a-bq*r,0<r1b +61. R-O"J trI Ay Btr- ++qgqdq-r. {}+.
$ol, r-o9 ull ab rtr +hqEq{+r
El+.
@ zso+rr @ (zf *5r*6) + (r*1)
23 .9. 2r *3
trf256 r* LfrTTsr+G
rLLL/\
tn
I
uu +11x2 1 2t2*Zt <- (r* t) xZt

Ll+ts
36 r:10 4fl ^l 3r* 6
F trtg^lE 4eil"+ee EqE!
33 .-11x3 3r* 3 <-- (r* 1) x 3
F{ rtE+el Ll"tsdr} s^l'il
D
.) L[Dlrl 3 sgee +4 Llelx|I 7ettrl.
256:11x 23+3 2x2*5r*6- (r* t)(zx+s) +3

Ltolrlts Lt+E fqrEl LIDlrlts ++ ^..lEtrt'J8
xl+
gol olLJ g+
^tg
@ trlBr^lelEtelgt
r. clB+t 7
STEP iil.Et^1E8Eal-= @@ ee
.tflrl',gd @ +El^tet Bcrtefla^l
@ +gr^lsl
+olC rl':d^lzlal HEII,gS= 61ts Efil= E+olfirf Eg A^l= 0l$6[ot
EHHE.I,
^l+E=1,
Irlfoltl rl.g^lg E7t|6l.= Exll
@trID lzrCzflrlfil^1 xl-+el Ersl Zl€ *= Srll
=8
?6}l0F6l'= Exl ilE6l EalEt +, +olTl 419 cflfalG E E+6lHc.f.
^l=
zltl:dtr|.
=+el77lal
EEtrID
+olTl
rzloll^1ts eF ETt|dfrl "Jr. il+el Bel 4l+u
^lg =8
001 eas ZI&}IE EtrI.
+ trl"J^l
A-3r'l6rt 3,
B 004
-2r'-l trIo}^l(r*3y-r)(zr-s+3)g ule.zll dzllt d*?
ql r.ild}q 2(e-B)+sBE u|trzll
'tqu ae?
@ 2r2 -3y'*1ry + r* 10y- 3
e 8r'+ l2r-5 @ 8r'-l2r*5
2r'-3g'-Sxy*r*10y-3
@ 8r'+ Lzr*s
@
@ 41216r* 4
@ 2x'-3y'*1xy*2r-8E-3
@ 412*6r-4
@ r*L}y-3
2r2*3y'-Sty*
@ 2t*3s'l\ry*2t-8y-3
002
r+6}^l
^ll
A-3r'-r16,
B--r'-r'+2x-1,
005
C--x'*5r-10 trl-S {zlla}r.le.
"ll
Ell6lq zA+ B - {A- (C -rB;19 u}E zll Ll.4U ,{e? ^]9
(t) (e'z* 2r- r ) (r'* 2r- 4)
@ r'-t+z @ rt+r'-z
@ r'- zr'+B r'+ zr*LZ
(2) (r - - t r*
2) x( )( 2) (x + 3)
@
(e) (r* ) (r- z) (r*3) (r-6)
1
@ r'+ 3r-5
003 urw
+ 4"J^l 006
A-r'*2r-s, roll 4o}4 (zx-3)(f *a.r*5)9 dzH4.tl,tJ r'9
4*
B:3t'- t *2 A\izl s'J trll, 19 4lfE? (+, aE t4ol4.)
ql q6lq A-Z(x - B ):sAE
"J+^l7l= 4.J4 x+? o-s @-z @-1
C -r'-sr*lz @ -r'+sr*r2 @o @r
@ r'-sr-12 @ r'-srllZ
@ r'+ sr-12
8 +q'(8)
E'Jzt5o1 p.2
fi07 10
(Bzl)ql^J *3 a"Jg 9l= qe _aE ag? 4* (,D, (+), e)ql 'J"*g ag HL= 4l +g6J 7*9-?
I
H7l
EuHHzl9l E6Iq
=. (2r* 1)r_grr+ tzxz*6r*L (r- 1)(r+ 1) -r'- 1.
w. (x * y) (x' - ry * y') r' - y'
- (r- 1)( )-tr'- 1,
c . (a- b * c)' a' + b' + c' * Qt)
- -zab - 2bc zca
(r-r)(f +r'+r* 1)- GI) olr,
o -1
@u u|&z}zl %tHge z}g+ n (n>z)ql Eil6}q
@c
@
-1 E @ -r, L, E G- t) (r"-'l rn-'+...*rf 1) - e)
ol cBtlgg+91+.
(rI) Gl) e)
@ r'-r*L rn -l r" -l
@ f-r*t ro +r t" *I
@ r'+r+1 rn-r r" -l
@ r'+r+t tn +r xn *l
@ t+r+r ro- L tn +l
I
+"J! (sr"-sr'*2r)'4 dzflalglrJ rn9 41+= +6I^19-.
.?803. =uE lt =,,\tot

o-r-t H16{
uci
+olTl EEeIE€ A^l= 0lE6|.G 'JE ?dl.= SxllE

^t|trE ^lel
E+6ffitf.
EEEID
a'+b', a+b. ab, a,+b'+c'. ab*bc*ca, at'+bt'+ct,
ot'+btt,
abc E +olTl 8!t= + ?lts E€ A l= 4tral EE6|.q
6}13g + 9ltl.
^l.Eg
009
4.*4 (r-2)(r+1)(r+g)9 dzI6}flg 41, r'9 Ali3 a,
19 4lfE D+ 6IzI. + tr+ a, b4l ql6}q a-b\ Ak&
+6I^19_.
01 1 E!.w
+ d+ r, yql q6}q
t*y -2, ty - -5
oJ oll, r'+y'E
<lg +6}^19.
r. QB4 I
STEP Erl^1t EEol= 6-4C AE
1
012 il15
+ d+ a, bql q6}q r,_Br_l_o"J trll, ,,_+E l!e?
a-b:2, a'*b'-6
oJ trll, ar-brq Alg? eso @sz @sa
oro @tz @14

@s0 @se
@r0 @ta
16
ll + a, b, c7l a*b*c:3, a'*b'+c'-219 I'J+ Ia q],
ab*bc*ca\ fig?
e-0 @-s @-4
@-s @-z
01 3 u.*
r-t+/-e u:L-/5.J 4, x'-y'el *g?
A 4,B @ 6,[5 @ 8/5 s.d04. trlB^lel Ll#
@ 1o/5 @ tzl5
rlg^l A= trlB^l B (B+o)tr Ll+fl= trllel +E L LIDIÎ=
Ralg q,
rrrF c|_da] A, B= LllaJ^ff,e.e Eal-d +l xlE+el Ll-tcrl
8^lEl oJHe-e Zl&U + Qet LlDlxl *=
(z) A: BQ+R Eg
^lE
6H=6lE Ell
=.* =xll
^l= ^'llfl
e E+6ffrtf,
EEEID
(Rel it+)< (aE il+)goll +EElrl.
017
14 2r3*3r',-7r*48 2r-39-e. Lt+flg
trI.J^l trllE +4
r:3-z,lz"J ,1
o||, ru t. 9 Alg +6t^le. 4"lzl$ Er=41 rtq$ A*?
T
+ Lt"lzl
C r'-3r-l 7
@ r'-3rf 1 1
@ r'+3r-l 7
@ r'+3rt 1 1
@ r'+3r* I 7
10 +qr(d)
6=Jll Eol p.3
1B 020
+sg +6J^l 4r'-5r* 3* r*aa ++ 4col4. +?'}^l 4x2*Zr*1e ++flg "Iel *2
f(r)* zr-lolr
I
4"lzlE -r*3ol+. f(L)E ag +6-}^le.
Qt) .lu
-I^
r*d 4t-sr+3
(+)
3r* 3
er)
(P+) : +trlzl
+le-l r+aql EIQI €E + *zl *9 4*? (t, aE tl+oltrl. )
@ a- - 2oltrl.
@ eDql
.J"*g alg ar+3014.
@ t+)ql 'J"*g 4* qx'-8rol4. 021
@ e)ql .J"*g 4* sr-601+. 46J4 A* r-ltr ++fi.9 trilE *3 er+solr 4"lzlb
@ (+ql 'J"*g Ag -eoltrI. -2oltrl. 46J^l A* zr* ltr ++fl$ trIE *4 4"lzl9
fl.$ +6}^ls_.
22
01 9 s-s +.J^l P(r)Z 4r*6e-tr ++flg trIE
+9 Q(r), 4qzl=
+6J4 sxn-r'*sr*L& f+x+l-tr ++fl9 trlel
R4 g oll, +o}^l p(r)* *$e e ++flg trllel +4
ffi 8(r), +"lzlE R(r)el 6tz}. eQ)+R(l)el Ae?
@tz @tg @ra
4"lzlE +^lr.lls +g+ 4+?
@rs @r0 o-P + @Q?, @ 0( x), 4R
@ aQQ), R @ 48( r), 4R
r. ct8{ 11
STEP r.?l^.ll EEof: t4C f,g
1
023 025
+.J! f(r)Z t+3r- ltr Llh$.g trIel +"lzlzl2r-4ol+. ^ll
HE z)olzl 44 a, b, coJ di4Bql qt6}q
rf(r)Z r'+3r- l-e LI+S.$ trIE 'I"lzl5 R(z)q g ull, (a*b*c)2-3ab*3bcl3ca
R(z)E ilg? ,I CBEt oll. ol lJ4€e qH t4€ "J7l?
c-0 @-to @-14 O D:c?l {4olf{;$4€
@ -rs $) -zz @ a:boJ {4olFES4B
@ BlHel z)o\zl a{ AzJ*zlB
@ BIHE z)oltl c.J zl4t4$
@ a+48
@ q-B^let Erlet gt
qB^lq Et]|= ot8otq
Iu ELtrl +9 EttE zJtrJolXl 61ts
(2)EEg eol,
=ll
+tr|= +614L[ olE 84EExl 026
'J01,
U=_*=allel rflq Ae zl+Eillel +ul= ulEzll +4U ^le?
=xll
tr E+6tfitl. ...t*2
t*2
$2h t*2
+g- Egql B-61-^le. T-
0) (2+ 1)( 2' + l) (z' +1 )( 28+ l) :2"- t"J 4, n4 4I&
e 4e3- x'-3r
8 @ 4rt-8r'-3r*3
7ol1.r.|9.
@ 413+8r'-x-2 @ 413+8 r'+ x+2
(2) 9 x 11x 101 x 100019 *g +61-^19.
@ 4r3+8 x'+3r+3
12 +qr(d)
8=JzlEol p.4
027 028 *Es

zlEE z)olzl14oJ gql 4d6I= 44t4BE EEllel z)olzl zlqEill ABCD-EFGHg _5LE E^149 'Jol9 *ol 32olr
I
32oJ trll, ol zJ4$4BE HolE +6|^le_. oF:/30"J trll, zl+Eill ABCD-EFGH9I ?HolE 7al^le.
l)
r. trtB^t 13
STEP LllC gCEril i{E}= ?tEf @@ @e
@ +gl^let HE+Eu @ q--Br.^lel Egrl, Efl g^l
029 032
+g aAg oJ+^l7l= F 46J! A, Bql q6}q q.J^l +"J^.1 ( r' - 4) ( *- 2r + 4) ( r'z + zx * a) E u|tr zll dzll+ a*?
A+IBA uleT]l +4U a*? 0r'-64 @f-64 @ru+64
@ ru-8xt-64 @ ru+8r'+64
?l) A- B-r'+Zry-y'
(ul) 2A* B:2x2 * ry l7y2
O t-
rs*ey' @ r'-xy*Llgz
@ r'-Zry-7y2 @ r'-Zry *9y2
@ x'-Zrg*lly2
033
(t+zt +zx' *... * 101r'*)'E dzlal ollrJ 19 4l+?
030
^-ll
trItJ^l A, B, Cql ql6}q @z @t @0
r'*2r-1,
3A- B - @s @ro
38-C:3x'+r*7,
3C-A-3r'-f+5r
g trll, A+ B +C ar' +br' * cx* dol4. abcdE lkg
-
+61^19. (*, a, b, c, dl ttfol4.)
031 ursr 034

+€. Eql^l 7lE, ^lls, ql4dql glb ^ll +"J^lE '*ol E+ +6J4 (3a'*2atr)'(a- t)9 dzHalglrl au9 4l+=?
6r'+srz| EIE+ B ol, 46J{ f(r)ql q6}q fQ)E Alg cg @rs @zz
+6Ir, r 4Ag ^l€.6l.^19_. @s0 @as
f(r)
zr'*Br 4rz *sr*2
sr'* 6r *3
14 +Er(d)
8'Jat Eol p.6
035 038 cs 13
El6}^l (r'+ 2r2*3y)'* (r',+ Zr',-3y)',9 dzl]al4l\ r',y',q + d+ a, b{l ql6}q

I
4l+= 7a|.rle. a'-2n12*2, b':2O-2
oJ oll, Q'+b')(a'-b')E {tg +6}^19-.
036
trl6}^l [(r+1)'+ (x-L)']'E dzllal.llrl 19 4lf4r"9
039 t*u ooe, ot6 I
El6J^l (r-a)(r*zb)(r*c)9 dzHrl9lrJ r'9 A\izl sola

4l+E qlg +6}^ls. s9 Aliz} -3.J 4, a'+4b2+c2E {tg?
(i, a, b, cl tfol4.)
oss @sr @zz
@zt @ rg
8E 03 uEil =.
=. tol H16{
o-'r-l uo
037 i du 011, 012 l
+ d+ r, s{rl qldlq 40 ids015 I
r*y-1, 13+y3-4 Hi azl on-,lsa'-1:09 EI+^la

a)toJ ql,
oJ oll, ro+gng
llg? au+za'-sa+|+$-$e *Z?
e0 @z @a
z+ +lE t+ +,lE @ z+s/s
@ @
@g @ro
@ s+sr6 @ a+ar6
r. ctBrt 1 5
STEP Ll|C gt=4litltl= ?lsf flEtBE
?
041 ALh u.s?

+ d+ r, yql qlolq d+ r. y. zgl 4at{
^ll
r*y-!, t'+y'-3 t*y* z-4, f +gt2+ z2:10, tyz- -2
oJ oll, r, +urq Ak3? "J trll, trIg 6[9 +6}l, r 449,<J$a[.r]9.
^lE
az, @zt @zs 0) r3+g3+ zs
@zg @so Q) t+g4+24
aL2 045 u.w ds 25
^ll
+ a, b, c4l qldlq + a, b, c4l qldlq
^ll
a-Zb-c-Zab-2bc*ca-5 a-b:l+/-3, b-c- -2,13
g ull, a'+4b'+c'9 ak9=_ +6I^19-. oJ trll, a'+ b'+ c'- ab - bc - ca\ {tg +6}^19-.
043
ot{ 046 u.w
0ol + r, a, egl 4aI{
^ll + t, g, egl 4o[9
1-1-l-0, x'+y'+z'-4
^'il
t*y* 7-4, xy*gz* zt-1, tyz- -6
ryL
oJ oll,
@-E- z)'oE <lg?
oJ Ell,
@-ry)(y*z)(z*r)e-] *g?
@2' @2'o @ 2'u @z @t @0
@2'o @2" @s @ro
16 +qt(d)
SSrtEol p.8
*E 04 trlB^lel LIH 050

*#zl + trI'J^l f(r), s(r)ql qi6}q f@)* s?)e
otH
Llhflg uI9 +g Q@), +{{= R(r)el 6lz}. (_H_zl)ql,rl I
0l+7 *-s
46J^] 2f l3rz-x*atl r2-r*6tr ++qBqA oll, *e a"Jg il= EllE r= Ag?
+ ^J+ a, bgl ql6}q a*bA fig +6}^ls. (+, (/(r)9 zl^f)>(g(r)E il+)ol+.)
H7l
-l. +r}^l fQ) -R(r)E Q(r)s {holpqd+.

.. +6J4 f(r)Z Q(r)tr ++flg trIel +eg(r)ol:r
4"lzlb R(r)o14.
=. 46}4 z.f(r)-g(r)Ee(z)e +hflg "llel +e
zQ G) - lolr *q zlE zR( r ) ol4.
@-r @u @ -r, .
@ -, . @ -r, L, E
048
trI.J^l f(r)z r-l_tr ++flg "IE +g e@), 4"lzl=
2ola, +6J4g(r)z t+r+ltr L}+flg trIE
'l"lzlb
r*1o14. +.J! f(r)* r'-l-E +hflg trIel +"lzl.i?
Or-1 @ t-t @ r'+t
@r'-x @f+r
051 E!.w lduozz,oz3r
+'J4 f(r)z r_-+e++flg uIE +e Q@)olr rlulxJi

Roltrt. trI'J^l d@)a zr-|E ++s.g trllE +4 4"lzlE
+^JElls +gql a+?

049 H.so
+6J4 f r) - (trz * 2r * s) r' - r * Z) + Zr3 - sr' - 6r - t0€
( (
e [otr), + @ c
J
T
A(r), f
r'-r*2tr ++fl$ trilel +g QQ), +olzlE R(r)+ g trll, a$ao)*+,+ a{or,)*+,+
o(1)+R(2)E {tg +6}r,, r r+cg
^l+6}^le-.
offotr)*+,+
r ct8! 17
STEP Lllt! dEEIll itE+= ?l-"r Cq AE
2
8E 05 r[6[ lol olJ.]ol E[-e.

-l o -r-l L: u-] o
052 =
,$iI+.J^l P(r)E zr* ls ++fr.$ UIE *9 8(r)oll
*"lzl} bol+. trI.J^l P(r)E 2Q@)-18 ++fl$ qE 055
+4 +"lzl9 qlg u|=zll +4U a9;? a:eee6ol+ g 4l,, a'4 4 zl4 iz}g qlg +6}^ls.
A2r-6 @r-6 @r
@ r*6 @ 2r*6
053 056
=l-r.z1o}E AlizlloJ Cil4 f(il# @-z),sE +hflg { (/5+ 1 )'o+ (/5- 1 )'o}'- { (/5+ 1 )'o- (,15-1 )'o}'9 {tg?
trIE +r+ 4"lzlz} ,,.Je. ?4. fQ)
-39 trll, +o}^l f(r)Z O3x2'o @2" @3x2"
(r-Z)'str ++fl$ "IE +"lxl=?
@ 3x2'u @ 2"
O t-4r+z @ zr'-Txt9
@zt2*5r-15 @ 3r'+8r-13
@ 3r'- 11r* 13
054 057
q+ Egq B-6t^le_.
F 46J^] f(r), s(r)ql ql6}q +'J{ f(x)+g(r)E
r'-3r+7tr ++fl$ trIel {"izlzlzola-, (t) r2*Br-1:09 ull, rn+rt-gt'-4r+1391 ttg
f(r)-2eQ)3 @-r)(t-3r-r7)s ++flg "I9

trl"J^l +61^l9-.
4olxlzl r'*6r-eol4. trt6}^l f(x)E r'-Br+7e ++fi.9 (z) xztlx*l:09 rll, (r* z)(xf s)(r*a)(e+5)E {tg
LI"lalE? +61^19.
"IE
@r-q @3x-4 @3x*7
@ Sr-tZ @ gx-tZ
18 +qr(d)
8=Jll Eol p.1 0
058 060 E*s

r-,17-39 trll , n'-84r3-lzr2-sr]_1E Ag? rH4 ?Jol +,.il?+A zzlz[ 90'oJ-L H]zlEE z)olzl s/-sfl
I
o,l7 @,F4 @,17+S +illE oAB EoJE glol ?14. ol +illEql qd6l.r Holz}
l1oJ zlÎ4B EoJE TlqB OCDEE "J5flr+.
@ z,l7-a @ z,l7+o
A- C* E- B= .t= 4l+ 4 ?lel ag "J=elr g oll,
- z)olt-2
+ d. lr-:
s/3
o A
C
o 6/5- 4 @ 6/5- 5 @ e/5- 6
@ e,l5-7 @ e/5-8
059
Holz} 850noJ gql 4d6l-= zl^t4€ ABCDzf 914. ol
4Î4Bg Holz| 15009 41, IAB-BClel #ez
il61 Eqsxfl idu o2o
OABCzI- qg aag "J+^lrJ+.

^[Ei]l
eD
^ll
c+ oA. oB. oc= d oql^l r.Je;z;o1r1.
r+ oA+oe+oc-g
e 20 @ 25 @so
(4)
^ll
$4€ oAB, oBC, OCAq 'Jol9 *g 1301+.
@ 35 @ 40
C
tl
oA'+og'+oc'gl ilg +6t^le-.
r. ct'B+t 19
STEP Lflt! dE=41 i{l$= ?lLt cq sB
2 E'Jlt Eol p.1 1
06 2 NsLr pick! IEEaEE] 63

rH!+ Aol sE E^l?]g 4olg d.ol 60.J zlqHal ABCD- rH+ zJoJAB_4, BC:8.J zlÎ484 dB BC= zlEo -e
EFGHzI ?l+. C-BGDE E.= -tr^lEl9 2ol9 xll#9 alE HIflol 9ttrI. d+ AD +lE dol ol{ s BC +jel tI d
ÎHill
E-ol 24eoJ oll, z]+E*ll ABCD-EFGHE AHol=? Pql^l CE ABql ,llil +dE gg Q, dE ADql 'llfl +dE
gg Rq 6}zt. AQPReI rll4CE z)olzl 4O"J v\,
A Î4B
AQPRE HoIb?
^}48
D
C
e rss @ t+o @ t+z
@ tl,l @ tao o2 @s @a
@ 5 @o
20 +q<s)
.^7lElE Eol E= gotszl
I
46J^l f(r)Zr-+tr ++flg "ilE +e e1)olr +qzl= Rol+.
+6J^l rf(r)* zr--|n ++Adg qlE +4 4qzlE +^Jqls +g+ 4*?
trt
tJ
o fo(r), + oSot,),
+ ofor,l+f, f
a$a@)*+,+ ofotr)+f, f
*804 trlg^lel Ll# 51
'rzFl schema
'.:r;,
folr! 6[-=@e +s?.trt? ol 5g otgxt E3grl?
Elt
---_---{
+6]lotalE +3 Q,(e),
@ f(x): (,-*)ot,l*n +XI rf(r):r(,-t)or,l *Rr Llrlrl= R,olal6fE
t rf(r):(r,-i)8,{r) *n,
oltrt|, +olTl g6u
^zoil
r.f(r)-(s, -i)o,(r)*R, f(r):(,-*)o(r)+R .""' e
E
0l=+ 09 SEoll rE EoHot gg
g+ ?Itr|.
2.tat
rf(r):,(,-*)or,l * Rx
@ f(r)-(,-})o, r)+R d@):,(,-*)ot,l *Rr
ol sx-|eLl+olot 6lEE
- ^lE
r r(,) - (t, - |)+o,,, $(r, - +)+ f qr(r) -(r,-i)for,r

**(*-+).+
el eol EEEttrl.
3.Jar
rf(r):r(*-*)of rl * Rr otrtl, sr-*E +q LIE

@ f(r)- (,-*)or r) + R
rf(x)
- I
:F,-t){;or"r.+}+f
xr(x) -(r* - *) {fo,, *+} +f )
0loe +.6F= +q qollrl? ?1?4
.t 0,(r):fotr)+$, *,:*
Q,(r) -tafr)+f, *,:* 0|trl..
t
@I r.r(r; -(s,- i)r,(r) +R, @@
I. ct8rl 21
STEP LllcilS+|fl €)@@e @@
=-ol7l=?l-Lf
6l+ 066
zt$f z9l 4rL€ +6J4 .f,(r)zl4e zzJ* "J+^lA+. +"J^l
P ( r) : - z)n + a( x - 2)' + tz( x - 2)'\'
((r
?D f,(r) -r'+r'+l g C?-l6tH @-2)^(x'-n)'4 e+. 46J4 P(r)A f-A

('+)
f ,*r(r):.f ,,(r*n) !l+el {9 AliE q}g +d}^le-. (*, m, nZ zliiol+. )
rl"J^l f,(r)A x'9 41+E?
@zg @ so @st
@tz @ ss
067
a)boJ + €+ a, b{l q6}q
065 idu 054 i
a'+b'-4, a*b-L
oJ trll, (a'+a-L)(b'-O+1)el
4o}4 f(x), s(r), h(r)ql ql6l.q +.J4 zf(r) +3g(r)E
^ll
l}g?
h(x)t Llb +"1 zlzl sr2olr, +6J^] tf(r)+3g(r)E 0,6 @ 1+/s @ r+2,6
h(r)E +b Lltll zlzl Ztzol4. so ol6IE + zt€+ m, n4l @ 2+,15 @ z+zls
q6}q 46J^] m.f(r)*ng(r)zl h(r)e ++qpqa oL
mtn9 3l+#4 4lEitE E-g +6}^le.
22 +q
E=Jl[ tol p.l 2
68 EqEre 70 du 46
^ll
d+ r, !, z7l c+* 4.49 "J+^lA+. rly*z:t, x'+y'+e':139 oll, +g ^lE Ag +6I^19-.
I
QD r, y,2z * 4qE 6i+= 3014. ry(r*y) *yz(y* z) * zr(z* r) *2ryz
(Q 3(r*y *22) -ryl\yz*2zr
t0ry24 ilg +61^le-.
69 ldu 042,045 I
071
d+ r, y, z7l q* 4.49 "J+^l{+. 0ol ol{ + d+ a, bgl qil}q
^ll 1_1
o+i:3*,1-s, O+):3-/5
?l) t*Zy- z-12
r' * "J oll, a'+b'9 &g +6t^lg.
(4) 4u' + z' -2ry - 2y z - zr
r' + y' + z'4 AI9= 7o|,rlg.
r. ctB4 23
STEP Lllt! il8flA Ealzl:= ?lnr ulsLJE *E
3
072 E*a.ggr il'l h

+.J^l f(r)t x'+1tr Llb +"lzlzl t+2o14. {f(r)\'* + +6J^] .f (r) - (r'* r+ 1)', SQ) - r'+z7l c+* aAg
r'+re +b Lt"lzlzl R(x)oJ oll, R(2)E 7tg? "J+^1il+.
ozt @za @ zs
f(r)E e(r)e +b Llqzl= R,(r)ol+.
(zD
@so @sz
@ xf(r)Eg(r)s +b 4"lzl3 R,(r)o14.
R,(2) x R,(1)el #g +6I^ls-.
075
46J^l fQ)Z r*2tr ++fl$ *I9 +€ Q,(r), 4"lzlE
73 r,ol4 6].tr, Q,(r)E r*2a +h$.g rlE +g Q,@),
F trI6}^l f @) , s(r )zI 4s=- zlJ* "J+^lA+. .i"lzlE r,fr oyzy. ol4 Aol zl€+ zgl 4rI{ Q"Q)E
r*28 ++fl$ trIE +g Q,*,(r), +ol^lZ r**,o14 gl oI,
(,0
s@)tr +b *4 4"lzlz} eF s\)+r'o|4.
f(d$ +.J4 f(r)71 u+* aag q}+^laq.
s)e(r)E eQ) *r'e-e. +b +g olzlalolQ.
eDl(o)+g(0):-1 (rl) zlg+ z{ 4a}€ r,? 0 Ets + x}zl z}$folQ.
E-=
GD /(r)E (x*Z)o
o + ++fl$ trllE +"lzl5 R(r)+ g Ell,
.f(r)9 alri1t39 4lfzl. 2"J trll

, s(-2)E &g +6t^le. R(8)_ 1024014.
f(r)E @*Z)'es ++flg rlel +"17'1=?

trI6}^l
O e*6 @ r*8 @ 2r-16

@ 2r*8 @ 4r*6
24 +E
E=Jll *ol p.l3
76 EEEHB 077 Es€EEr

rg4 Bol 6Col O, tlzlE9 z)olzl5011, +c4E a7l7l AB:AC:4oJ olFHt4B ABCz| 9l+. rB4 &ol E AB
I
eo"oJ +illE oABzI ?l+. s AB flE d Pql^l + dE oA, +lql + d L,, L,= Sr, + d L,, L,oll^J H ACe+ BB6J
oBql ,-llfl +CE gg 44 H, I4 6IzI. t4€ PIHqI zldg rq H BCe+ ++= 4g ?J?+ M,, M,4 61tr, EqI +
.lld6l-= ?lel H ol, pH'+n'E 4g Talrle. d M,, M,olld H ABe+ €fltI 4dg rq H ACe+ "J+=
"l7l +"J
4g ?+?+ N,, N,4 6tzl.
(+, A P= d As "|HI d gE ot'-l+.) A
L
L
B C
A
Mz Mr
II
AL, x L,B-lo|l., qF-9 ++ dillE Holz} t4B ABCE
Holg j"t a=+ + d L,, L,E sg uI, rsLLq {tg

+6|^19. (t, AL,+L.3>zol+. )
r. ctBrt 25
LlqrEBI
!olE Ei6 LllE
.6ls^l
oo -l 61 .a#l
ol 4H <tg zlzl{+E "J^J {.ol 9i +qd al9 Ez}ql q€ ilg qE6lqE 6}tl cB6l+ E4g f Exlql qlt}
Elg r9l 4qI 6Jf^lol+ "J+. "J€'^.lol4 ttr+.
1. B#let 8tr
(1) E^l ar,+bt+c:Ool r"ll 4fl qlf{oJ aa
: a-b-c-0
(2) Fal ar'+bx+c-a'r'+b'r*c'ol roll 4t olE4oJ aa
: a:a', b:b', c:c'
2.0lEll+H EE@ gE4q cEE ol8tl Et84+g

6JE4ql^J r Cd.g ol*alol olzl9 4l+E +6tE *Bol4.
(1) 4|+EIIB : .JH$ A?-l"J Fl E+6Jel 4l+E ulna|{ nlzl9 4l+E +6}= %}H
(2) +ilqEH : q€ +E 6Jt[ cB6]E__e.
'lloJ6lqE "JEq zlRq] +E ElloJ6]q
,JH
"lxl9 4l+E +6i=
. trl-BlAlol Ll-ig 01 Etu^.le-.I

=r[
Et! . Llnlxl$al @ L;qrl6al
+"Jll P(r)Z gil^l t-aE ++fl$ trIel +g Q@). +olzl$ R+ 6tE

+g 8, Ll"lal$ Rq 6lE
tr}|$ P(t)- (r-a)O(r)+R (R= tr"+)
A:BQ*R, (Rel il+)<(BE il+) ol E^lg roll 4{l 6}F4lolFE .}Hql x-a! 4oJ6}H R-P(a)oI4.
$al, ft-0.J trI AY BE q+qEqd+a ol$ Llr{^l{?-l+
"JEl.
tItrI. (1) tr|6}^l P(r)€.Jit^l r-aE ++fl$ oll9 4"lzl$ R+ 6lE
R- P(a)
P(t):(ar-b)QG)+ R (2) trlt}^l P(r)E "Jit^l ar-be ++fl* qel +"]alE R4 6tE
:(,-*),0(r)+R
*:r(*)
olEre qg+1P(r)t az-b, r-*E
Lt+fls rlet Lltrtrtts ,(*)*îE eql
. ?l+8al @ ?l+aq
trI"J^l P(r)q q6}q
(r) P(r)* 'JiI^l r-aa ++qgqd+.
P(a)-QolE trI'J^l
(D P(r)zI 9ii4 r-ae ++qE{xl4 P(a):0014.
rql (r"- 3r''*5r*1 ) . (r-'z)

rt- r*3 +6J4] P(r)Z oJzlal_oe Ll-E trll P(r)9 r+ 6Jel 4l+El9 olSa}{ *4 4qzlE
r-2TLst+st*r +61+ *Hol4.
t'-2t' 1 @ ( r'- 3r'* sr* 1) + (t-z)
a''
-rt +Sr-ll 1:-l
i r'-u'+st+tE
-3+2 x 2 I 1l+
- r't +zr
t I
I /- -:t..--,7r..- _j
F-
r-2:001
3r* 1 5*2x - 1:3 qEe 6h= lxz -Lxz
3xz z *- I tlot^t
3t-6 19lt f;:c2-r*3
7 1+2x3:7
26 +ei(s)
STEP EEt^1=8861= @@ @@ EBrtEol p.15
@ Br5^lel dEE ottE! Etgat+"J 080

+qd Bl94"1 nl^lol zl+E ?61.= gxllE E+6fHrl. -g.E d+ r9l 4aI€ F4
I
r'+ar'-4r-5- (r* t)(f +br-s)
EEHID 7l c B6Jtrl. + tr-+ a, b4l ql4q a*bg ag +61^ls.
Il+HlEErl +xlrt|gE e o|g oJEo+ Eq.s: ,Jll.ts
ge_=E rl ,J=J-d gHE 0lE6U 6t|=dlE Erl-.
+^lEH"JE= ttHoll=
=61, ^l.EE
(cflEal= +el 7ll+)=(fi|*ol silfl Er]el 7ll+)
"J= olEd|G
ge g8^l= E=Jo|G EJtl. olttfl, Zltlol
=E
tral-d,JE Etlgg + ?,lE= Etrl.
-LfrJ.'/oll tH-d B#l'g qa1 7l"xl Ede q-s-4e+.
. _E= r0l cHalq d=J6l'= E+l
. gelel roll rtlolG SBaP 5a1
. zel ,Joll zJAlS.ol BA €aJd|.E 5ll
. roll olE ,J= tl|goHE Et8 €=JaP 5+1
81 u=w
rgl 46J 6J5'^l
078 r'- r*4-a(r*l)(r-2) -fbr(r*).) + cr(r-2)
E4 at'-3t15-t'*(t-b)r+czl r4l q6J 6JE^lol E Ei+^l7l= ^ll *i a, b, c4l 1116l-"1 a-t2b+gc9 ,"1+?
qE+ 6I= *i a, b, c4l ql6lq a*b*c9 l}l*?
^ll os Q;t (s)s
o0 @z @s qa)6 r)7
@g @ro
079 E!-w 082 E!.s

trl-S E^lol rll 'It.JF4ol qE+ 6l= ^ll *i a, b, c4l
E4 zkr*(k-z)y-(k+2):0ol ftE #ql +4lflol '*tl
ql6}q abcq Atg +6}^ls. CB6IE+ 6l+ + *i r, yql rlliilq x-sE &g?
eo @t @z
3x' - 4r *7 - a( r - l)' + b( r - l) * c @g @+
r. rtB^l 27
STEP EEI^1= E=dl:t4C AE
1
083 f,402. LrqrlEal

'JEE F d+ r, Eql q6}q Llolrllal= +-d^l= $xl4lo+ Llhfl= rllol $rlrl= UB|aZI
a(x*s) *b(zx-3a) +ar-Ts -o +6lE gHoltl. 0l Ltol^l8al= 0lE6|.G t|-d^]ol Ll-iE=

ol cBqI4. + ^J+ a, b4l ql6[q a'+b'4 619 7a[^le. 6H=6f7{Ll +EFL|' i^lel Ll-=d= 6H=dl.= SxtlE E+6fHrf.
086
+g E+ql B.6l^le-.
(1) +o}4 x'-3r'+sr*22 r-1-E ++flg ollg *qzlE
7rlr.le.
(2) r+6}^1 8f *4x-3*2r*1e Lthflg nllg 4"lzlE +i'}^ls_.
08Ir
4'J4 sr'tat-22r*b= f +2r-58 Ll+flg ullg *ol
Br-4olr 4"lxlz} r-39 trll, + *i a, D9l 4aI9 aD9
&g +6}^ls_.
B7
trt6}4 r"+aru-39 r_l1tr Lt+S.g trIel 4"lzlzI ooJ 41,
*i a4 {}g?
c-a @-t @o
@+ @s
il85
E I
o-l
(r'+2r- 4)t: au* arr -l arr'+ "' * auru
ol EE df r"ll oll, tr+gE {}g +6}^le_.
'l]6l-ol ^JB6J
(*, ar, at, a2, "', au? tftl4. ) 88
(1) ao* ar* ar* ar* ao* as* au + 4.J^l r'+ar- , rz-r*a3 47J r*2tr- ++fl9 "IE
(2) au- Ar* ar- ar* an- a5l a6 4{zlzt.<Je BS q, tl-+ a4 Ak$?
o-g @-z @-r

@o @r
28 +tri(d)
€=Jal*ol p.16
089 u-s EEEEE 092

46J^] P(r)Z (r*3)(r-l)tr +b 4"lxlzi 3r*5oJ trll, 46J4 f(r)= r'-3r+2e ++fi.g trilel 4"lzlz| 5olL, I
trt6}^l (t*z)P(r-a)E x-lE +b 4"lzlb? +6J^l f(t)Z r'+Zr+2E ++fl.$ trIE 4"lzlz}
o-0 @-g @-rz 2r*3ol+. +6J{ f(r)Z r'+r-ztr ++S.g trlE {"lxlE
R(r)?+ g oll, R(4)q <ig 7a|.rle.
@ -rs @ -re
090 *.s 93
f(x)Z r*2E_ ++flg
trl6}^l oll9 *"lzli aola, q6}4 +.J{ f(r)E r-1-tr ++Hg ull9 *ol Q@), *olzlzl
-3o1tr, trI"J^] Q(r)E r-3e-tr Llhflg
*|]E +"lz1zlZoJ
f(r)t r-3e-tr ++fl$ "119 +{{= -60l+. trlt;^l
oe. L}+flg tr]lE +"lzl=? 41, ,f(r)E r-3e-tr ++fl9 trilE +"lzl=?
f(r)Z btz)(r-3)
O -r-3 @ -r-2 o-1 @0 @t
@ -2r-1 @ -2r @z @s
@ - 3r-2
094
091 +6J^l fG)Z f +ztr ++flg 419 *ol Q@), 4"lzlz}
{"J^l f(t)E G-z)(r+z)e ++fl$ trfle-l *"lxli 201:1, Br*soltr, 46J4 f(r)E r'-2r-39-tr ++flg "lE
46J^l g(r)E t(r*2)e ++fl$ "IE {"lzl} r-5o14. t}"lzlE r-3o14. 46J{ O(r)E z*lE ++fl$ trIE
+.J^l sf(t)-s@)Z r*Zf, ++flg rlel rl"lzlts? 44zlE?
os @z @g o-z @-1 @0
@rr @rs @r @z
r. trt8^t 29
STEP EIt^1t E+oli qC AE
1
95 97
+gg x 1039 52tr. ++flg 6JF4g rl]a}g +6J^l .f(ar*
e8 x ee
'ilel +"lzlE +6J4 .f(r) -r"tar'-Zrto"ll r )o1
ol+6}q +6I= 4Col4. 3r-l-tr. +i-qEqA q. /( 1)E dt-3? (tr. aEtfoluI.)
il I ::z',2 (3) 3
"r-50014 6IE t4 55
98 x 99 x 103: (Zr-Z)(Zr-r)(2r* at) )
ol4. olrll,
fG) -(2r-2)(2r-t)(2r* AD )
ol+ 6IE +6J^l f(r)Z r*Ztr ++fl$ ull9 4"lzlE

(+) olF -E
f(r) - (r* z)QG) + ('I) (t, Q(r)E 46J4 )
Q.rl s-509 4oJ6IE

98x99x103:52Q(50)+ ('+)
- 1} +
--52{Q(50) (.+)
olo-E e8 x e9 x 103€ s2-tr- ++flg trIE 4qxlE

(4) ol+. 098
4.J4(r) - r' + az' + br - 471 (r - r) (r - z) e-
P
9lE 4Collrl (,I), ('l), ('|)ql g*g *gr+r: a, b, c4 g+ q. ++qgqe q, + *i a, Dql ql6lq b-ag *g +6[^le-.
a-bfc9 #g?
cao @qs @so
@ss @00
EE@ ?!+Eq
?]+gal= LfD1^lEaloil^l Lfol^171.0?l e?0lrl. 0l= 0lE6u
4ig= 6}l=61'= EEI= E+6fHtf.
099 Ee-aEa
@trID +6J^lP(r*z)* r-4e +b 4"lzlE 15o1tr, 4.J4
'tl-at^.I P(r)tf r-aE- Ll+olEolCtrl.'el qal Tlxl E'Eg P(r*2)Y t*ls ++qgqdq. +6J! P(r)*
q.e-4 eq,.
(r-L)(e-6)oe. +b Ll"lzl= R(r)4 g tr1. R(s)E
' P(a):00lrl.
. P(r)tl r- aE oJfe 1=tl.
ae?
. P(r)E x-aE Lt+flE ttlle.l Llrlrl7looltrl. os @ro @n
@tt @ro
U96 u.s
+6J^l ,f(r) -r'+Zt*ar-zzl r*2tr ++qEqe q,
*i a4 ile?
e-z @-, @o
@r @z
30 +qr(d)
8=Jll Eol p.1 7
@ IaJHHJ
102
4'gflE= o|Ea|'E q-d^l= gxBloe Ll+fl= trll +E +gr+ tol afl4l$g ol+6}q +oJ! 3r'* 412-132*89
I
zJ=.-l6lXl 7g + ?ltl. 0l= ol8ohG Ll-t€= 6tl361.= SxllE 3r*ctr 4b Arl^= ++E ull. a* b*c*d*eq 1I3?
E+6ffitf. (*, a, b, c, d, ebtfol4.)
EEtrID T
2
3 4 -13 8
Igx1lg= x- a n= . LltsqqloJ A|Eg # ?lo o e
ax-btr Ll= q +el6t|ol -dEf.
gipl
D
tr trtr
J a b 2
P (x)
- ( ar - b )Q b)* R : (, - *)rO( r ) + R
oll^'l trl-d^l P(x)Z at-b, r-*=Lt+fl= EtlE +al Ll'Dlxl= 3r' + 4r' -13r* g : (3r -f c) ( r' + d r + e) * Z
q-q=r[ eq.
@-z @-+ @-o
ar-b T _b @-s @ -to
a
-E Q(r) aQ(r)
Lltrlrl R R
100
x'-4r'+br-19 r-3e-tr ++fl9
trlt}^l oIE +g Q(r),
{"lzlE 14 B oll, O(r)E 4k*?
ozo @zt @zz
@zs @zn
103
4ge aBxllHS ol*olq 'SiI^l f(r)E r-2tr ++fl9
trllel +3 r*l-E +^l +* r+col+. trI'.}^l f(r)ql ql4q
f(r)el ile?
2 tr tr tr
tr tr tr
1 01 s.s .)
+gg aB4lE9 ol*alq 46J^] r'+ar'+br*cE r*28 -1 tr tr tr J
++fl9 trllE +4 44zlE +61+ 4Col4. ^ll ^J+ a, b, c9rl tr tr

2 1
ql6lq a*b*c4 1I??
L)
1 a b C O-s @-q @o
tr tr @t @s
trs -2 -1
Oz @t @o
@ 8 @to
r. ctB+t 31
STEP Lttt! €dEfil t{lEl=+l-uf @@@e
*BfE^lel
8E 01 dE= olEel Dlg4l+g 107
ffi71 r,v9 tl"ll +4lflol .JtI gA* 11g *E+
104
+'J{ f(r)ql ql6lq
6l+ +*i a, Dq 44q a*bA {Ig? (*, bx+3s*5*0)
(f - x) f(r) -2x * S
r' + ar' + g - o -ro @ -rr @ -rz
zl dl q* 6JE4oJ trll, f(-t)E *g? (*, a, rL @ -rs @ -ra
^J.+o14. )
o-r @r @3
@s @z
1 05 rdu oo3 I
54 (r+y)a-(s-z)b-(y*z)c-3x*z-0ol r, y, zA
*q +4flo1 eltr CBg oll, ,r.ll *i a, b, c{l q6[q abcg
*e?
oa @0 @s
@ro @n 108
trItJ l f(t): t'-2r2 ibql ql6}q
f(a- 2r) - - 8x' * 4t' * br * c
zl 14 fi"il +4lflol q6}q
'JrJ CB++. ^ll ^J+ a, b, c4l
a-b*c4 ilg?
o-r @1 @3
@s @z
106
r-y-19 "J+^lzlts EE d+ r, yq|l ql6'[q
(a*b)x* (b-za)y -e
,l ^dBEl trll, F *# a, DE + abg 1k??
o-ra @-g @o
@g @re
32 +Er(d)
8'JztEol p.19
109 112
EE d+ /ql 46lq F4 + trl"J^l P(r), Q(r)z[ eE df r9l 'll6]q +gg
tr' - 4r - t - ab( r - z) + (a- U) ( t - r)' I
"J+^laq.
ol tBg trll, + *i a, Dql q6lq aob-abnE {tg +6}^le.
?D P(x)+Q@):3r- 1
t+ {P(r)}'- {Q@)}':3r'- 16r*5
P(2) -a(2)4 4I+?

c-s @-r @t
@s @s
110
+6J^l fQ)Z 2f -6r'+5r-tr ++flg ollg
4"lzlb
-2r'*ar+7o11, ,'-s*+le +hfi.g ollg qqzlE
4r*boJ trll, + *i a, Dql EH6lq a*b4 <lg +6t^le_. 113 rduo'l,
zl$+ zoll 4aI{ +'}^l
P"(x) -r(r- 1)(r- 2)...(r-n*I)
ole| olz|. E_= d+ r"il 4al9 F{
(zr - r)': aP r(r) + bP r(r) * c P r(r) + d
71 4Bg trll, *i
a, b, c, d4l ql4q aib*c+dg 1I&
+6I^19.
111
$i}4 f(r)ql qlalq f@)Y r'+x+ltr +hqB{zlr,
f(r)+6e t+ztr- ++qBqdq. /(0) -24 oL ,f(l)el ile?
os @ro @n llh rdu o,s
@ra
I
@r0
+6J4 (zr-r)'(r*1)'g dzl]t 4ol
axu + bro + cr' + d t * er * foJ uhl, a * b * c * eg ak9=_
+6I lg_. (*, a, b, c, d, e, fy ^Jfol4. )
r. clB{ 33
STEP Lltt! fEE{l flE}= ?tar dt} ag
2
11 5 s-s u.so rdu oos I 117

(r'- Zr-4)ng dzllt ,\lol ao+a&*arx'*...*arrr" g trll, g= d+ ril 4at{ F4
4gel (tg +6Ia r 4ag ^J+6I^ls-. (3r' - t -1 )t: ao* art * art' + "' I arnrto
(t, ao, at, az, "', arrY tfol4. ) or
^dB6J
ql,
+ +#+?*...*#E as?
(L) ao* av (8, "',
ao, at, az. 4,n3 tfol4. )
(2) ao* az* anl aa* as* an* av
(3) at* at* ar* ar* an* al
1- 35
o -1.- @
1-
2x35
3u
@#
1+35 1+35
@ @
2x3s 3u
\
BE 02-/ L|[1rlSal
116
-E.= d+ r9l 4al9 E4
*2)'+.'' * ar(r*2) * ao
r'n+ 2: aro(r*2)to+ar( r 118 rduoeoI
o] CBEI 4, ar*arlat*...*an\ ilg? trI6}^l P(r) 7l EE df r9l ql6lq PQ* 3) :P(l-r)E
(*, arr, at, az, "' . arn! tf ol4. )
"J+^la ql, +o.}^l P(r) *3rE r- l-E +b +"lzl= 6014.
e-roze @-rc20 @-rczq trto}^l (rf 1)P(r)E @-r)(r-3)o-=. ++fl9 trilE
@ -tozz @ -rozo 4"lzlE R(r)4 B oll, R(4)E {tg?
@z @g @tr
@rs @rs
34 +qr(8)
EBzlEol p.21
119 tdu112 I 122 rdu,s I
+ s(r ) q rilolq q.J^l .f(r)+e(r)E r-2tr_

+6J^l f@), trt"J^l f& r+ze ++fi.g trilel +g
I
+hflg rilE +"lzJz| solL trI.J^l {f(r)}u* {g(r)},9 Q @) - ar-l arr * arf + * asrg
..
-
r-Ztr- ++fl$ trIE +"1xl7l-809 oll, trI6}^l f(r)s@)Z ol+ g 4, ar*ar*as*arq <Xg +6I^.|9-.
r-2tr_,+hflg trllE 4"lzlg fal^le. (*, ao, ar, a2, "', ar* rlfol4. )
120 123
+'J! f(x)Y E= d+ rgl 4aI9 trId}^l t'+2x*58 r'*xtr ++flg'ilE +g Q@)+ g
f(r+t) - f(u) *zr2 - r ull, +6J^l Q@)q d-+.Jg sEI+ E= olE 4l+E tlg
EI+^lAq. +'J4 f@)E ++B.g ,IE 4"lxlzl 39
19E +6I^le_.
= f
trll, trlo}^l f(r)E -sr+2tr ++fl.$ trilg +t{zl=?
A zr+t @ 3r*2 @ 4r*3
@ sr++ @ 6e*5
124
,gi}^l f(r)7} +g 449= ++^lA+.
(,f)+o}4 f(r)Z e*3e-tr +hflg rll9 4"lzlE zol4.

121 (+) +"J^l f(x)E (r+s;'otr +hflg trilel +r+ 4"lxlE
4r.z1r;E Alizl +.J^l f(r)71"E= df r9l q6}q
oJ+oJ
a+.
^lE
{f(r +3 ) }'- 4 - r' (r * z) ( r - z)
= "J+^la ql, q.J4 .f(t+t)& r*ks Llb ululzlz| zol trId}^l f(r)* (rf 3)'es ++flg "lle-l +"lzlE R(r)rl g
qE+ 6i= EE d+ ftE ilE .Jg +6}^ls_. oll, R(0):R(-2)ol+. f(-4)E {tg +6}^ls_.
r ctBr 35
STEP Lilt! gEErlliilit'= ?tPf gEl8E
2
125 u=s 128 rdu oes I
+6J^1 f@)z @-z)'es ++fl$ trllE +{zlzl x*3o]tr, 4"lzl{?-l= ol+6}q +g Egql B'6I^le-.
r-rtr ++fl$ trllE +{zlzJ. soJr|. Qo}^l f(x)€ (1) 253119 2548 ++flg rll9
(r-2)'(t-1)E ++fl$ 't"lzl= +6}^ls-.
*ltE 4qxlE R(r)q B oll, (2) 8100+8"+8"+...+8+ 19 7tr ++flg ulel qqxlE
R(3)E {tg +6}^le_. 7a[.<19.
126
trl.J^l f(d* r'+58 ++fl$ "IE +"lzlzl i-zsola,
+6J^lf(r)E e-1-tr +hflg "IE +"1zlz| rrolr|.. q.J^l
f(r)E (r'+5)(r-1)E ++fl9 trIE 4qzl= R(r)q g
trll, R(z)q ake?
@z+ @zs @20
@zz @28
129
ro'ng eex 101-E +hflg trIE Ll"lzl=?
or @ro @roo
@ rooo @ 10000
127
+'J^l p(r)-*@_l)ql ql6lq q6*4 {p(r)},*g tr}"}^l
P(f)ge- 'Ib +qzl= R,(r)4 6lr, +.J^l {P(r)}1000 s
+6J^l p(r,)ge_ +b +qzlz R,(r)+ 6lz[.

R,( 3) *R,( -3)el 4g 7al.,rle.
35 +Er(8)
dHzl lol p.23
8e 03 fl+da 133
al-r.i1rJg Alizl r"J ,,Jzlrl f(t)71tr+* 449=_ "J+^144.
I
1 30 rds o,e I
r+o}^l f(r) *2fl1 x'-6r+8-e ++qgqd+. 46J4 (,1) +6J^l f(z)Er- l-tr 4t 4qxt= ]"t+.
(x*2)f(r+S)E r'+ 4r*Setr- t+b +qzlE R(r)+ B (i 4f(2)-3-0, .f(s): r
oll, R(-4)el llg?
az @ro @rs
trl'J^l f(x+3)€- r-atr +b 4qzlE?
@r0 @rg oga @106 @rra
@ tzz @ rso
131
.$il^l P(r)ql ql6}q +6J^l p(x)-znl (r*z),e-E
LI+q E{ zll, +'J^l L- P (t)zl t + 4x+ 3s_e.
++qgqe oL P(2)E *g?
o -as @ -t0 @ -qq
@ -az @ -ao
134 u,.s,Q
.$z}^l f(r)Y
f(t) -r: f(2) -2- f(3) -3
g "J+^lAq. q6J4 f@)E dr-r l)e ++fl$
"flE 4"lzlzl
r
-r7x- 10oJ f(-2)el ag +6Ii1 4ag ^l+6}^le-.
trll,
132 urw
+lr.z1o}E Alizl -zoJ SiI^l P(r)q q6}q P(r)-1,
P(2):2, P(3):39 trll, r+o.}^l P(r)E u*29 ++flg
qlel +"lzl=?
o ro0 @ rro @ rra

@rre @nz
r ctB{ 37
STEP Lllt! dEErlli{lE[: ] ','[,rdElPE
2
135 rduuor 137 EqSEE

,gi1+6J^l f(r)71 EZ df r9l ql6}q +6}4 f(r)-r'+gr'*ar*bE r'+4r-4tr- +b +€
(r-6)f(r+ 1): r*3)f@-2)= "J+^lA+.
( +6J4 Q@), qqzlE R(r)q 6tzt. R(3)- -4olr- f(r)zl
f(r)z r-3e-tr +b LI"lzlz| 109 "\, f(2)9 {tg 7a}rle. Q(r)e LihqEqe oll. ,f(2)E {tg +6t^le-.
(*, a, Ds tl-+oltrI. )
@ 4AJ4'J
138 rs 102
: ++e diil^l f(t)= Qr-l)'zs_E ++flg "ll9 + Q(r)q
136 tEeeEEl +"lzl R(.r )E +6171 +1611 4BxllHg + H ol+q} d4ol4.
+ olz}trI6}^l P(.r), 8( r)71qg aag "J+^la+ , 0( 1)+R( - 1)E (}e?
(zI) EE r9l q6}q sPQ) +Q(r)-0014.
df
1
2
T tr tr tr
('}) P(r)Q(r)E r' + r-6etr Ll+qEqd+. tr tr
1
6
P(1)-49 oll, 8(3)el Ag +6I^le. T
4 t2 -2
o4 @s @o
@ 7 @s
38 +qr(8)
8B4lol p.25
139 *-s 140

E= d+ r9l 4oI4 4gg allzlo}e1 Alizl l.J til-^l f(r)* allzloJ-9 Alizl
gil-^l I
3r3* 2r2 - r * | - a(r* 1 )'+r(r * 1 )'+ c(r * t) + a 1oJ P(r), QQ). R(r)91 4al-{
^ll
7I CBg oI, ql *i a, b, c, d{l rilo}q Za*b*zc-fd4 f(r)- - 1 * 3P (r) -2P (r)Q@) * P (t)O(z)R( r )
gg 7a|.r19. "J+^l7lE+ aBzllBg ol+ol-b 4Col4.
=
-2 1 tr tr T
tr tr tr
1 I tr tr -1
tr tr
a
2 1 J
1
-2
f(L)+ P( 2) + Q(3 ) +R( 4) el {tg +6}^ls.
r. ctg^t 39
STEP LllC gEErlli{l.c[: ] 1'l|rCEtAE
2
+6J^lf(r)E (r-z)'eE'I+flg "llE +"lzlzl r-r3oltr, x-re ++flg ollel +q4zlq"l+.

ad@
=zlO
(r-2)'(r-1)e trlE R(r)q g
46J! f(x)Z ++fl$ 4"lzl$ trll, R(3)el
trl
ftg +6}^le.
adcO tl
8802 LfElrlgal 125
'\7lEl schema
';:r.r
fol{.! +$?lll? ol # olE1l E=grl?
= a
EXt
R(3)sl '"lE +6':1 ?lotlC R(r)E

C +6J^l f(r)Z Q-z)'es ++fl$ trllE +qzl} r*g g0t0l Ertrl.
tt-d^l fG)Z (r-2)'(r- 1)E
@ @ 46J^l f(r)E r-l-tr ++fl$,IE +"lzl} s Ll+fl= qE *E QG)al6lE
L|-Dlrl= R(z)o;o e
@ /( r) : (r -2)'(x -1 )8(r) +R(r) f(r) : (r -2)'(r -t )Q(r) + R(r)

......o
at.= 4g + 91trl'.
^1t=
olull,R(r)= AFiEIE Ll+flE
ttt|E LlD.lIl0l= + 0lil 0l6fel
^.l0ltl.
Z.tnt
eq[1 @-Z)'(t-t)8(r)ts
e q.J^l f(r)z @-Z),etr. (x-Z)'o e uffglrcjolxln e
R(r) :a(x-Z)'+ r+g
+hflg "llE +{zlb rt3 / \ Ia Oq 96U trlg^l R(r)E
(r-2)'oe Ll+fl= qlel LtDl^l7f
@ @ f(r)Z r_ta
+"J^l
r*30loloF-dtl. qafll
R(r) :a(r-Z)'z*x*a (ats 8#)
++fl$ "Iel +{zlb s ......o
o+ ulElLJ + ?,1tr1.
@ f(r): (r- 2)'(r- t )8(r)+R(r)
EII
-dtr,4Z @oll^1 Llol^lEaloll g6U

C +6J^l f(r)Z (r_z),es R(r):a(r-2)'+ r+Z ,f(t):R(1)-gQlse ('.' O)
++fl$ *I9 .+"lzlb r-t3 -- (r-2)'z* rl3 aA ,JZ gr7 | fl6lq
09 gEoll r:18 E]lgdlE
@ r-ltr-
R(1):a*4:5, a:10lAl
@ +"J^l .fG)g
++fg trllE +"lzlb
+ f(r)-R(1):5 --+ R(r) :(x-z)'+r+golcf.
s .'R(3):z
@ f(r) : (r-2)'(r-t )O(r) +R(r)
E R(3) + 7 @t
40 +qr(8)
.ATlElE EE elollil.zl
=01
alrzloJ E Alizl 1?l ti}4 f(r)7I +g 4.49 "J+^l A+. I
.4.2 t
.t
(,1) +6J^l f(x)Z r_rtr-+b +"1^l= *"14. az@
FD 4f(2)-3-0, .f(s):1 4?lo
trl'J^l .f(r+3)9 r-4e

trt
r+b 4qzlE?
tl
Cgs @ too @ tra @ tzz @tg
3U03 ?l+8q 133
'.:.'.:.TOlT!
ATlE] 3 +1?lrl? ol ol'gX! E=-grl?
schema
=+1 - --------f
E4l
C alrip'}A Alizl l.J t^l.^l f(r)

4Z @oll^l trlBf^l f(r)Z r-LE
LIE Lfolxl \ *otEELfElrl8atotl
@ @ f(r)-+ EdU .fOl:l ......e

IA @qN 4f(2) -3:0,
@ /( z):*,.f(g)-r f (s):101o e
ftzl:f;,.f(s)-r """ o
E4t
e 4ri16}9 4lfz} l"J til-^l f(r) f(r)Z aE^FBtq Zl+71 1?.!
#xl+lola e, O0ll 1
@ e)r(r-+
? ro)-l-r<il-+-r(a)-f,-o
-]
r@ - + :.r(z) -+ -.r(t) - f, -o
ol=e ?.!+galoll q6lq
flr) - ff - (r - r) (r -2) ( r- 3)
@ f(z):*. fG1-1 f( r)
-11
-";t: ( r- ) (r- z) (r-3)
1
3par
e 4rz;a;E 4l+7I l.J

:.f(x): (s- 1)(r -2)(r-3) +ff
qal^j trl$^l f(r+3)E r-4E Ll.b
rszl-^l fk)
@
@ f(r)-+ f (7)
q 122
LlElrl= LlElrEalotl oElG
f(++s) -- f(7 )olE P
:.f(t ):6x 5x4*2-t22
@f(r)-+..f(s)-r E
f
a
.f(r+3)9 r -4E- 4b 4"lzl @@
r ctB+t 41
STEP Lttt! il8+|fl €)@@e @e
=t'l7l=el-zf
1l+1 rs 128 143 rnu r3e I
2x3"& 809-tr +hflg *1E tl"lzli? f(x):r'-t4x2*67t- rosoll q6}q /(s5)q ZkE 4 z}?-lel
az Q)6 @24 tzl.9 t}e?

@st @tz o rg @zo @zt
@zz @ zs
1l+2 EEaxA
s ola|9 alg+ z9l 4aI{ A,g +gq ?ol C*4.
1l+l+ ura?
Ql) A,:9*99*999
:tE d+ rgl 4ol-{ 46}^l f(r)zl
A,- f (n>2)7ll3 q4q
^lg +g n
(*) (,tjl 9, 99, gggollr.J
f (r'+ x) - tf (r) * r( r *zr *3r') + r
*"J +E +iI) g EI+ÎA q, fQ)E Ag +6lr r 4Cg
^l+6t^le-
A,* A,t A,4 lkg 1000 o -tr ++flg "ll9 +qzl$ folr.l9.
l+2 +q
8=JalEol p.27
145 147
+lri1a3e-1 Al#zl1?l si}^l p(r)7ltr-}* z4g "J+^la+. +.J^l f(r) -r"+ai'*brlcT| oo1 o1g -e-= d+ rgl 4aI€
'/ I
l(z+3-r/ !): r'+r'+3+!- I
(zDP(x)Z r-Ztr 4b 4'*izl}. -goltrt. r' t"
g "J+^lrJtrl. *i a, b, coi'l rll6lq a*b-c9 4k??
(a EE df r9l 46Iq PG) ^ll
-r'r(+)",+
@za @zg @sz
46J4 (r-z)P(r-3)g r- ltr Ltb +"lzlE +61^le.

@ss (Dge
148 du 115, 117
-EE d+ roll 4aL{ F^l
(+ *r)'-oo* ap -t a,r' +... * a,f

ol cBE uI, (trzl)"il^J *g 4Elg glE qlE r= ag?
(*, ..., aaZ llfol4.
th6 ao, ar, a2, )
eoll 4tl +.J4 r"(x'tax*b)E (r-3)'o-e. ++flg "llel

H)l
4"JzlzI 3"(r-3)oJ + tL+ a, b4l46Iq

oll, b-a4 6Ii=_ -. ao 2ar*4ar- "' *256ar-g
+6t^le-. (*, nZ z}flfol4. ) t-. 2az*8ao*32ar-63
a. at*a"*as*ar:#
@-r @u @ r,.
@-,,. (D-r L E
r. ct'Brt 43
STEP L[t! a8+{d E6l7l:= ?h]f r.lzuE *E
3
1l+9 151
r9l 46J F^l + trI'J^l f -4r+5, /'- Br'+sr-tg=_ (r-a)(r-6)g
(r'+ r'-2r)u-- ao* arr I art'+ ... * a*rt' ++fl.g "I9 +"lxlz[ .r.Jtr ag q, r +"lzl= R(r)+ 6]z[.
ol E= di r9l tr|, + tl+ a, b{l ql6}q R@*6)g *g +6}^le_.
'|]6Iq ^dB!+
as* ar* aro* arr* aro* aru* arrE #g?
(*, an, ar, az, "', d,*3 tfol4. )
@-sz @-r0 @o
@r0 @sz
152 EqBze
r.ll 4tI olil.^l f(r)71 c+* 4.4& "J+^la+.
(,I) trIr}^l f +Zr'+ 4r*2€ .f(r)e ++fl$ ullg 4"lxlE

150 g(r)o14.
('I) +"J^l x'+zr'+4r-l2Eg(r)s ++fl9 ullg 4"lzl=
+'J4 f(r)E @-L)'sE ++flg ullg 4"lzlzl
-i+ar+roltr, +6Jl1 f@)Z @-r),, r-tEq4 f(r)-r'-2rol4.
++flg trlle_l +"lzlE *ol zx-6"J trll. + tl+ a. b9rl ql6}q
ab\ AI*? s(l)E ile?
@-z+ @-20 @-r0 Os @t @s
@o @z
@-tz @-a
lA +q
8=Jlt 301 p.29
153 155
'I.Jl1 P(r)Z rt2e ++fl$ "lE +g Q(.r
olil ol^J-E ), EZ Al+7I d+"J oJi[ o]a[e] q6]^] P(r)q q6]q F^l
I
+"lzl* Rol+. trl-r}^l QQ)z r*28 ++flg "IE {P(r)\': P (f) +2t'
ol EE df r9l q6}q dB6IE+ q+ +.J^l P(r)9 zllfb?
*qzlrl oll, (trzl)ql^l *e aqlg flE qls r=
+.J
a+? (8, R+o;
eo @r @z
@g @a
H7l
-. 4gl^l P(r- 1)9 rf lE ++fl$ trlel 4"lzlE Rol+.

.. +o}4 P(r)E (r*z)'e + ++flg ollg 4"lzle+ +"J4
P(x-l)€- (r*1)'o-tr ++flg ullg 4I{213,<le. t4.
.. +"J^l {p(r-r)}'-R'9 (r*1)'o e ++flg trlE
4"lzl= 2r-t2ol4.
@-r @u (D-r L
@ -r, @:, L, E
=
156
=1r.21"39Alizl k (k>0).J 46J{ P(r)el allz1"3e1
Alizl _ rt +6J4 Q@)71c++ 44+=_ "J+^l{+.
(zI) EEdf r9l Eila}q P(x')-kfP(r+1)-zxn*Zr'ol
154 cBr+.
+6J! f(r)Y +g aag "J+^lA+. (.+) trto}^l P(x)*xn-3rE 46J4 Q(r)-E *b +"lzlE
zr'+ r-8olr4.
eD +6J^l f(r)Z x-48 ++fl$ oll9 *"izl= 14ol+.
(+ +6J4 f(x)Z (r* 1) (r-s; e ++flg ull9 4"lzl*
" 0( -z) +09 trll, P(3) +8( 2) E lbg +6t^le-.
-Jx* 1o14.
+6J^l (r-1)f(r)Z (rt1)(r-3)oe. ++flg rilE +g

Q@)+ 6J tril, O(4)E {tg +6l.^le.
r rlBa 45
STEP LilC fl8flil EalzlE ?l-sr el.zLJE 8B
3
157 EqEEE 1 59 rdu r33 I
alrilolE Alizl 1?l

ÎiI+.J^l /(
t)7149 adg "J+^la tzt^l P(r)ql ql6}q
oll, oJ+ pE lbe?
#-,.#-+,#-+,P(q-t-
trIt}^l
?r) f(x)E r*2, r'+414b 4"lxl= E+ 3P'olL+.
oJ oll, P(r)Z r*1_tr ++fl$ trilE +"lzl$ fa}.<le.
(+)
/(t ):,f( - 1)
(+) r- ,lp* f(r)9 elfol4.
o+ (Dt @+
._. 5
@z ru2
158 cu 134
+l-r.i1o3e1 Alizl ++.J $i}^l P(r)7t 4€- z49,

"J+^laq.
16 0 Es-s*sr
(,}) P(r)E
+6J^l t-ze +hflg oll9 4"lzl= -rol4. A\itl rt oliI4.J4 p(r)9} .Jit"JE 4lfz} r.J
olzlalel
t'D 4.J4 P(r)E r-al ++fl9 419 4"lzlz} a'oJ df .JiI+6J4 ee)zt ++ z4g EI+^lAq.
ai -t4 ggol4.
(,t) 4"J4 P(r'-t) -2Q(r* 1)3 r+ltr ++qgqdq.
P(l)E Ag? t+l %IC^l P(r)-2QG) -ool #g *=+.
O -tz @ -tg @ -zt +6J^l zP(r)+QQ)E r-2tr '-tb 4"lzlz| 139 41,
@ -zs @ -zs P( 3) +O( 3 ) el fig 7ol^le.
46 +qr(s)
8'Jll Eol p.31
161 5u 144, 145 162

trIt}^l f(r)ql Eila}q olil+6}^l P (r)7l. trlg "J+^l Zl+.
^49 I
.f(t+t) + ''f (+): 5i - t'-r xt6 aD P(l)P(2):0
ol roll ql6J 6JF4"J (+) trIiy}^l P(r){P(r)-6}e dr-3)str ++qEqd+
tr}], .f(tlel ag?
cs @t @s zl-b+ -E= +6J^l P(r)E qlg QQ)+ "J ql, Q(r)E
@0 @z
r- 4tr +b +"lzl$ l-alrle.
r.ctBa 4l
?lt="=1l
lold qE q|E I Etr,EtrUET

. g1ffiall . g45lo=ll
=3
6I+E tr|.6}^lg F zll oltrE +6J^19 6}+el +.J!g F z|] olttel +"J^lel +ss +$Lll= .J++6ll.i +'J4lE d4e+
tetr +48 q 44el 49 ilg ^19 {tr Q${olQ.
"J++ 6Iq. 6}+e.l +6J^lg F z]] oll}9
e+E #etr +EIl11= ag
t++6l]qlqr rI4.
.- =.,rll
tlE =/\1
O_l 01 c1341E Ert Et!
0 * b)it - s3 a za'b * 3ab' + b"

(a (t) a3*la'b*3ab2*b3:(a*b)t dTlt
(a- b)t': at'-3a'b*3ab'- bt' a'-3a'b+3ab'-b'-(a-b)t ,,+sr;6:(r, +z)(r+3)
(2) (a+6)( a'-ab+b')- a"+b" e) a3+b3:(a*b)(a'-ab*b') EtEail
(a- b) (a'+ ab a 6,) - - b3 61:t a'-b':(a-b)(a'+ab+b') ?.!'+E6lla^legd a lel
(a-lb*c)' ElErl"HE^1.=.HlE?i.ltrl.
Q) $) a2+bz+cr+zab+2bc*2ca:(a*b*c)z
- a' + b' + c' + zab + Zbc * zc a @) as + + c' - gab c - ( a * b * c) a' + b' + c' - ab - bc - a)
b3 ( c
u) (a* b -f c) (a, + b' I c, - ab - bc - ca)

-l to+ b+c) { (a- b)' * (b - c)' + (c - a)'}
-at'+b"+ct'-3abc
$) * ab + b') ( a' - ab * b')
(a') $) a4 + a2b' + b' -- ( a' + ab + b' ) ( a' - ab + b')
-at + a''b'+bt
z rl9 ?l+a}l
=det
(1) tE++ol 9l: +.J4E
"J++611 @ EE+Eol 91ts
^let
?!+E6tl
+F+Sg 6}+el Ezls ilEJ6Iq .J++sllttr|.
(D x4*at',+b *4 "J++6il @ +ol^l^l"loJ+Edll
r'-xE iletdlatl, A'-B'Etr H€6Iq o.1ffia|luJr|.
(3) q el zlzl szlz} s{lg trItJ^lE oJ++6|] @ qaj Ttrt Expt +BEJ
"J Ezigl
Ell6l-q qlgil+se Ael* + .J++6il{}+. ^lel?l+Eo^ll
oJ+8al 02 Lloixl8al 3. oJ+8al= olE-d ggafl EE@ E+€atE otEtl E+-Etlt

+6J^l P(r)q Eilo}q PQ):OolE $iI oltlE trt6}^l p(r)E trl"gr+ tol elf E4qI+.
+6*! P(r)i gi}^l r-a? (r) P(a):09 "J+^lzl3 a4 Ag +b+.
++qEqdq. ol4l. P(r)9 4lfz} E+ t+4H a9 &3
_,_ (P(r)el
^J+6J9 E+)o;+)
'(P(r)el
t1lzlulE z{+E
6 o}4ol4.
.âJrllg 02 LlolrlEal (2) 1B4lHg ol+6}q P(r)€ r-aa Ll+fl9 trIE * Q(r)E +et Fl
+6J4 P(r)E gzlal o-e'l-ts trll, P(r) - (r- a)Q(e)e. +EUtrI. olilale a4 E+Eaflsloe
qag HI+"Jtr+ QG)zt olif^'lolE qzFl
P(r)q ?+ oJ9 4lf"J9 ol3ol{ (B) + e(r)E (1), (2)E . ,
rr I, rzlg rl.EB u=Ettrt.
+4 +"lzl$ +o-I= u}Holc}.

@ tt+=dtt9 EE
48 +q(s)
STEP Eat^1=8+61.= @@ @@ SEtzl Eol p.33
@ fl+E6HE^l 166
g4Safl 8^lE ol8alG +olE ?]++61653 ExilE r*y-4, ry-zoJ trll, r'-ry'-r'g*y'4 #g +6I 19.
^l= I
E+dffltrl.
EE@
oJ+E6ll al80ll^1 7EI Er1 g ae A= ?!+E # 7ioltl.
6t|0F
8^l0t Httr 4EElxl ?J= u, aE ?.!+7l87lE= 4tral

+olLllol ?ltE6tlslEe il+
"JHJ4
o + Al+7 1 Ral+?l H?lrtrl oJ+EdHEltl.
167
163 a*b*c-ooJ trll, a'+b'+c'-Zabcq *g?
4* +.J^lg "J+S46I^le-. o-0 @-s @o
(t) a2 * 4a* 4- b', @s @o
(z) as I ga'b * 27 ab' + 27 b3
Q) a3+8b3
@) az * 4b'+ c'+ 4ab- 4bc -Zca
16h @ EE+Eol ?l=^tet ?l+E6tt

trI+ + tf E6ll7I *zl *e Ag?
=E+E€
-el E^|'tr LfElLHoj E4Eaflo|-=
=x1lE
E+6lHrl
O x'y - r * 3y) (r - 3y)
9rg3
- xy (
@ 64r' - 48x2 * l2r -1 - ( 4r- 1 )3

EE@
(r'+r)'
@ -3(r' + r) +z- x' - 3x +2
@ 8a'- b' : (2a- b) ( +a'z * +ab * b') : (X -L)(X -2)
@ rn - t6ya - (r' + ay') ( r * zy) (r -2y)
-(r'* r-t)(x'-f r-z)
@ 4a2 I b2 + gc' + Aab * 6bc -t L\ca: (za + b + gc)' -(r'*x-t)(r+2)(x-t)
-dE, +otl E€P=01 87lE= EE-d Fl PltEoll 6ll0F
^lg
61.= 3?E 91trl'.
168 ElEs
165 trI€. +6J^l g .J++oNa}.rl e.
+"J4 2a'-l3a'b-3ab'-2b"9 oJ+B6ll6J agg *g ag? (t) (r'z * r+ g ) (r'* 2r * 3) -2r2
C @-b)(a*b)(a+zb) (2) ( r' + 2r - z) ( r' -l 2r * s) + tz
@ (a_b)(a*b)(za+b) (s) (r'- 2r)'-2x'* 4r-3
@ (a_b)(a*2b)(za+b)
@ (a+6)(a-tzb)(za-b)
@ (a _2b) (a_tzb) (za_ b)
r. ctB! 49
STEP a?+^ll Spoli qC AE
1
169 eE!03' Eolrf4ol ?l+E6]|

+'J^l (r-1)(r-z)(r*2)(t*3)-60E "Jfzl olH ag? rn+ar'+b 3= ?.!tE6}l6l.= Ell= E+6ffltr1.
@ r'+r+4 @ r'-2r'+r-Lz
Pg
@ r*4
6iltr TtP
@ r''+r-Lz .
(D r*3
r': Xl ilgEIE q, q€4 eol ?l++6ll-dtl.
. Ego11TlHItr slts B?:
6) rn+ 3r, +z_ X, +ZX +z: ( X+ I ) ( X +2)
-(x'+t)(t+z)
. ggo[fTlHle qrl ?Jts z3]: A')-B'=trltr EE
@ ro+rr+ 1:(xz*l)r_x,
:(x211*r) (rr+t-r)
172
q-g +qTI 4l+E H+lql^J +o}4 eo-zx'+l2=
oJ+E6ll6I^ls.
170 (1) +E+ H+l

+6J{ (t - 4r*g) (r'* 6rr'8) - E6ol (2) €+ H+l
(t+r-a)(r'+x*b)-e oJ++6Hg trll, + oJ+ a, bll ql6}q
a_b4 Atg +6t^l9-.
173
trlr}^l rn - 6x'g' * yn 4 .J+"J a9;?
@ t*xy+y' @ r'*ry-y'
@ x'-xy-u' @ t+Zrylg2
@ r'-2ry-g'
171
+6J4] rn -zr' + zr' -2r llel "J+.J a9;?
Q) r'-r @ r'-r-L
@ 12
- r* 1 G) r'+ r-l
(O r'+ r+l
17 l+ Er-w
+g +6J^] g .J+B6}] 6I^l e.
o) t+4
Q) 14*zr'+16
50 +Er(d)
EEfrt Eol p.34
qal Tlrl ErlTlEsE! oJ+Eo*ll

@ ^lel 178
rI.J^l uftr zil oJ+SdleI
-d Exl'oil rH-d L11aJi16-o_e Eal6;'q 0l^HE ?l+E6,1= a'b - ab' + b'c - bc' + c' a - a'* c
I
g8olts EIll= E+dfHtl. AZ?
O @-b)(b-c)(c-a)
@@ @ (a-b)(b-c)(a-c)
Erlg il+71e= u o|l_ aoE EI Erl'oll E]|6|.q 8al6lE Elr"
il+71 trlE u Tlul'J3 ihel Erlo{l Ell6l'q 8al6l-E zlt]o1 @ (a-b)(b-tc)(a-c)
,JtrJ6ltrl. @ (a+D)(b-c)(c-a)
@ a' + b' + 2ab -' @ (a+b)(b*c)(c-a)
;i r) (D _ r )
=:"Ixi:li'
4-\ -- b+l
o-x- t_ ,
--(a*b+L)(a+b-r)
175 e=s
tr|.J^l r' +3ry *2y'' -2r - y -3el "J+"J Ae?
C r*y-l Q) r-Y*l
@ r-a'13 Q) r*2y-3
(o r- 2y -13
f$@ ?t+daEoletu+Edn
?l+8al= 0lE6|G oJ+E *r., 0lE6lG +g ?61.=
oJEe-a ?lf ÂrllE=
E+61*tf.
=6}161.= =81=
EEHEIMI
176 iqlr P ( r ) : a't - 2r' -sr * 60lAl P ( 1 ) : 00 I E + oJ+Ealql
+.J4 3i - -T r - y + 2=
Zr!/ - y' oJ
tB6l]6}ts el6|.q P(r)ts r- 1E ?.!*e '*=tl.
(ar-s*b)(cr+dy+2)g trll, ql ^J+ a, b, c, dql
qldlq qal^1 aaJIlE= ol8dE P(r)Z oJ+E6H6lE
a-b*c-d4 4IZ? t'-2x'-sx+G 1 1 -2 -5 6
:(x-l)(x'- r-6) 1 -1 6
o-0 @-t @-z --(r-L)(r*2) (r-3) I -1 -6 0
(Do 6;z
179
+6J^l r' + zr' Sr .J++6H6IÎ 9.
- -69
177
+g r+6}^l g "J+S6ll 6I^l e_.
(t) 8r3* 4r'g

- 4ry - 3g' I 4y -|
(z) 11 I Zr',a - 4r2 + y2
- 4y - 5
r. ctBrt 51
STEP r.al^1l6Eol! EIC f,E
1
8E 06 ?l+E6Hel gE
180 H*so
f(r):r'-Zf +kx+tZzl r-lE ++qgqA q,
trl6}l1 ?I+EE}|= olE6|G
+* E+ql B6Ia, r $Cg ^J+6I^le-. (1)E_Erd
- ,,** =xll
(2)-EEel EallE eol HoL +trl E3 T6lTlLlolE 848?Ul
^J+ kE AI& 7rlr,le.
(1)
ol+6lq 46J4 EtE6l.= EII

(2) (18- f(r)z o.1f Elaflal..<le.
E+6lfltl'.
(+, aBzllflg ol$o|.t]9. ) =
182
+g-g 4l{l6}^le_.
(1) 893+3 x 892+3 x 89+1
Q) Bz'z+t92+492+2(gz x 19*19 x 49+ 49x22)
181
46J^l 2ro-7r3-6r2+7r*a9 oJfz} olH A+?
Or-L @2x*1 @r'-L
183
@ r'+sr*A @2r2-r-r aI€+ eee3- 1€: eee x 1000+ l-E ++flg tr]lE +g?
o ggz @ ggs @ ggg
@ rooo @ roor
52 +-+(8)
8=Jzt Eol p.35
r84 185
zlg+ Nql ql6}q q-g Egq B6}^le. rH4 7J* tzlzl ++E zl+Hill A, B, C, D* Î€-6H^l
,tfl-tr$ 6Jq. 47lzl ++el zlqflill I
(1) 1ol ot{ + zl-€+ a, b4l46Iq z}€f Nol Aqflill= ElEqr
N_3g3* T x _17 x 38+9 _ a, xroJ trll, b_ a4 A, B, C, D3 zJzJ 27tll, 1711, gtll, ZZtll EI=
Zgz AI9= ^l-&6lq
Talrle. CqEillE aj e!49 ,Joli? (+, r*y)
(2) a, b, c4l rlla}q zI€+ N -293i2x292-5x29-6
^ll Î€+ T
g z'x3b x 5'9 41, a* b+c4 *& v
ôJ+E6fl6IE
+6I^le. T 'u
T
v
'-r-' 'r"'
O r-f2y @ r*3y @ 2r-fy
@ 3r*y @ 2r*3y
r ctBrl 53
STEP Lt|C €dErtl i{EL= ?l-Lr @@ @@
@ oJ+E611 g^l 188

trI.J^l ro+rn-3rr-i*+lLx1.}g Alizl rql 4oJ4
186 P(r)E ++Hg trilq +g Q@)olr +Elzl= -sr'-zx'
oltrl. trI6J4 Q@-z)Z t- 1E ++fl.$ gg
"Iel 4"lzlz}
ull,
+gg +"J4 a'+b'+c'-3abc? Q*b*c)( (4) )e.
oJ++6H6I= 4Col4. P(1)+O(3)E Ag?
oa @0 @s
a'+bt+ct-3abc @ro @rz
-( (zI) )"-Jab(a*b)+c'-3abc
-( (/l) )"+c'- 3ab(a*b*c)
-( (4) ) {( a + b)'' - ( a -l b) c * c'\ - 3ab( a * b -f c)
a-tb*c)( ('[) )
919 t u, (+), (4)ql "J*g 4* ?+r+ X, Y, Z?+ * ql,

Xy + ZZ El=-Al ,+ElU A??
@ 2a'+ 3b'+ c'+ bc
@ 3ab *2ac + zbc * c'
@ za'+zb'+ c'+ ab
@ ab*Zac*2bc-c'
@ a'+b,+2c'-ab
189
trl6}^l rr& r+|e ++flg "IE +g Q@), 4"lxlE
R,ol4 6lr, +6J^l Q(r)E *!e++flg ullg 4"lzlE
R,lg rL
fte <ig?
187 ers e-0a @ -sz @ -r0

trl6}^1 r-l-tr Lt+flg rllel +"tzl.! eolr., trI6}^l
f@)E @-s @-+
f(r)Z x'+x+1tr ++fl$ "Iel 4{zlE 2r-5ol+. +6J4
f(r)E r'-le. ++fl9 "IE +"]xlE R(r)4 g trll, R(z)el
lke?
ozs @zz @zg
@sr @ss
54 +q'(s)
8=Jll Eol p.36
190 193 nqEHE ru 170
+6J^l /r01-19 r-1-e. ++fl9 "IE +9 Q@)+ "J oll, +'J^l (f +r)(f +r-4)+a(r'zrr)+ tzzl a zI€+
I
8( 1)+8( - 1)9 {te? 0, q4l46Iq (r'+r+p)(r'+r+q)s oJ+P6ll qE+ 6l+
ogg @roo @ror
EE €+ aA 114 tlg +6}^ls.
(E roz @ ros
191
trI6J^] r*-rg (r-r)'e-e +hflg trllE +"lzlE R(r)4
Et trL R(10)E *g +6}^le-.
@ +ol1|.^.|el ?l+E6}|
19h
@ EE+Eol ?Its
^lel
?.!+E6tt
(r- 3 )'- s( r - 3)'+ a= .J++6ll6IE
ÎiI^l
(r-a)(r-b)(r- c)(r-d)o14. Lll tl-+ a, b, c, d4l
192 e=s rdu r6e r
ql6}q a'+b'+c'+d'A Ag +6l.^19-.
olil^l f(r)ql ql6lq r9l 4fl trI6}^l
(x*2)(r+a)(r*6) (r*8) * k
tl {fG)}'EE| "J++6il9 oll, t}+ kE aka+ /(r)e sg
7te?
@ h: -8, f(r)-r'+8r+ 16
@ k- -8, f(x) -x'+lor*2o
@ k:L6, f(z) -f +8r+t6
@ k-16, f(x) -t'*ros*Zo
@ k-L6, .f(r) -r'+l2r*24
r. ct8+t 55
STEP Lllt! gEErll illclE glt l C!} AE
2
8E 04 01Bl Tlxl ExP I s^BtEJ

^lel
?!+Ed[| @ e+dat=olt*d?l+E6ll
195 EqEEE #u 176.17? 197

4gq 7JZ r, y9l 4fl olil^lol 19 Alizl lt + .Jit^lE trI'J^l t - 4r' - r' + 16r - r2zl (r * k) (r - k) P (r) A
tetr "J+eq g q, ^J+ kE lkg +6}^le. e+86il9 trll, P( k)E <Ig +61^le. (+, ft}. olfol4. )
(t) 12lkw-6y',-r-7y-2
(z) t2 * 3ry I 2u' - 2r - 5g * k
196 198
(-u2119 trI6}^l * a-b*cE oJfs *E a"Jg ?lE qtr al-r.z1a}EAlizl1oJ + olil^l P(r), 8(r)ql q6}q
;te Ao)
+L /iL:
P(r)QQ) -rn+6r'* 9r'- 4r- 12014. d'+ ftql ql4q
H7l + olit^l P(r), Q(x)71 E+ r- htr ++qpqe ql, +o}{
- . a' + b' + c' - * zca
zab -Zbc P(x) +O(r)b?
w. (a* b) (b + c) (c * a) * abc
@ 212*6r*4 @2r'-6r-4
. . a'(b + c) - b' (a- c) * c'(a- b) - abc @ 2x'+ 4t-S @ 2x2*Sr*6
@ 2x'-2t*l
@-r @c @-r,u
@ --', = @u,.
56 +Er(d)
d'Jll Eol p.38
199 201
Alizl lolr EE 6J9 Alizl e+"J gil oltr-E
al-r.z16.}e1 46J^]t+ar'+bzl (r-1)'g t+tr 7Ie q, + ^J+ a, b4l
I
46J^l P(r), Q(r)ql q4q 46Iq a'+b'qllg +6}^ls.
P (r)Q (r) : rn -5r3* gr' - 8r *4ol tr}. trt6*^l P( r 9 )
i++71trl"J^l Q@)el il-+tr+ trll, +6J^l P(r)E

=
{Q(r)}'eE +b +qxlfi fa}lle.
*tr 06 ?.! E6}l -lot EI-e.

=o
202
lgu- 110
E Ag +6}^le.
200
+.J^l (r * 2)3-r* Z)', - tu - aE ?l++6ll6}E
3(
(r*a)(r+b)(z+c)oltrl. *i a, b, c4l ql6}q
^'ll
a*2b-13c9 ll9? (+, alblc)
err @tz @rs
@tt @rs
203
904+90',+ 1
g0xg1f1 E *e?
e 8002 @ 8005 (D 800e
@ sort @ sora
r. ct'B+t 57
STEP Llltl flEEdlillEf= ?l"J Cri*E
?
201+ 207
x-Z+,/og d44#*E
r f+r #e?
zB4 ee CgHillql^J {d z}l9 qlldql* z}e+= 44
"1, -5r 4r, 9H zll9 C$4BE Hql* 1149 IJ4BE +1ldql
Ot @+ @z 4tl ^Jl +E +g zl=4. {H z}l9 Eql 4aJ fE9 *ol
r0s9 0L ol CgEi]e-l 9C zll9 +lldql zl€l +EE tlg
@+ @g 7ri,rl9.
205
zlsf 4 4zI49 tz}9 oJS
+6I^ls_.
208 ers ru 178
t4BE ^ll
H9 4ol a, b, cil 4oI{ F4
ab(a-f b) - 6r(b + c) -f ca(c - a)
,I ^dBg oll, ol l*4€e qH s4BoJTl?
e ct4B
@ a-boJ olFEt4e
206 @ a-coJ olEH+4B
"l E
zlEf E- 2" - rg ul-E trll, ++q E "l zlE+ 6I: 30-H_trI @ BIHE z)olzl r"J {4+48
40_H-+ zlg EE z}€+q q+g?
==r. @ glHE z)olzl c"J 44s4€
O6s @04 (:r71
@z+ @zt
58 +qr(8)
$=Jzllol p./,0
209 E!=s Ltnso

zJolE zJzl a, b, c4 6J trll,
211 Esa-,Te
aj er.J49 ,Joltl roJ A+EAI EoJE ++tr"+ol 9l+.
Holzl 2"J $48 ABCq ^ll
Hg
I
4+ aAg "J+^lAq. [rH 1]4 *ol ol ++trE]E qHE +o]ql^J 6J HE z)olzl
yoJ 4^l4B r.o3= o = oI*Hg +"Jvl7l +Bg #fltr|.
ol) att
- ab') btc * a'c * ac' *c"- o
-.)_ +Bg 444zlF Eofoltr, 4 E^l?-l= z]g c+HillE
(ut) a* c -+,lsb E ?.le| €qdL+. ole+ gg HJHee 4 Eql +Hg Eq
^l
trB2le+ ee EillEBg Bfltrl-.
t4B ABC9 EEIIE zJol€ +611, r ,+Ag
^l€'6|.^ls. t'
+
,.I
[:B r] la42l
[re2]E EillE +i{= r, sf, ufe.4l +E1U 4*?
e @-y)'(r-l2u) @ (r-y)(x*2a)'
@ (r*y)'(r-2y) @ (r'ry)(r-zy1'
6 @*u)'(r*zv)
210
PulzI (z'+ 3r'-er*s)z'oJ flzl59 egq tlzl59 ,Jolq
+ol71 4?+ v)a^l6}el Alizl roJ rgl Ell+ oJz}^l_e-s
+4.XqA q, ol flzlEq AHol=? (t, r)t)
A zrlr-t)' @ zrlr-t)(r+z)
@ trlr-L)(r+ 1) @ trlr-r)'
@ trlr-r)(x+2)
r ct8rl 59
STEP Lflc €d.=ril illgl: | ' t,,r cgt gE
2
.^7lElE Eol EE tsoErzl
t4€9 rll H9 'Jol a, b, c4l t}l6lq E4 ab(a*b):bc(b*c)-lca(c-a)zl 8HEJ trll,

aZO izJ ..t
ol t4Bg q€ t4B"JzI?
EI
ti
o ct4B @ a-boJ olEHt4B @ a--c"J olSES4B

@ BlEg z)olzl r.J zl4$48 @ glEE z)olzl c"J {4tz|B
PE06 ?.!+E6iletgE 208
'.:.'.r
'A7lEI schema Tol[! 3 +I?]xl? 761.= 6e +s?rrr? or
- or*x! E=grr?
1.tnt
olE ar4E?.!^l gofLHTl ?1"-u +qc

o AI4BE ^ll
EE 4ol a, b. c
Eel 2Jol a,6, coll rH-d
@ ab(a-fb) -bc(b*c) -ca(c-a)
Âql^1gofLt|oF
8E=
^11
Iz
Elrl.
@ -s ?d Ooll^j
u ab(a+ b) - bc(b* c) - ca(c- a):g

el E7|l6|'E trl.e=r.req.
a'b+ ab'-b'c-bc'- c'a* ca'-o ^lHE
ab(a*b) -bc(b*c) -ca(c- a)
: a'b + ab' - b'c - bc' - c'al ca' ...... O
I
'-zu
C tJ4BE ^ll HE z)ol a, b, c
G F 7tl 0189 Erl'= sEr'dlr ?lo=e
a0l rfiolG L1|eJilfe.E 8al6;E
@ @ ab(a* b) - bc(b* c) - ca(c - a) -s
o: * c) a' * (b' - c') a - bc (b -t c)
(b
-- ( b * c) a' + (b + c) (b - c) a - bc (b + c)
AE oJ+?.! b*cEEolLHE
:0 e: ( b*c) {a'+ (b-c)a-bc}
arb+ ab, _ brc _ bcr_ crA* car:g + (a* b) (b+ c) (a_c) :(a*b)(b+ c)(a-c)
3 uar
qal,\l (a+ b) (b + c) (a- c)-0ol

o ]s4BE ^ll
HE zJol a, b, c
daJ-Lttrl.
@ ab(a* b) - Oc(b*
0lttl|,4a oq[1
af4Bel Eel eo|= q]+ g+olEe
@ c) - ca(c - a) -s
a*b) 0,6*c)0
4, a*b+0, b*c*00loe
arb + ab, _ b, c _ bc, _ cra* ca, _0 _ ( a * b) (D + c ) ( a _ c) _ g
: : c0 lol0 t -dtrI.
a - c 0o1l,H a
qal^1 +olTl6aE u+^l7l= af4Be
J a-c! 01=HS4E0lEL
B qH AI4e + a_coJ olFH$4B
a
90
60 +er(d)
STEP Lltc il8+|fl l= +lzf @@@@ @@ 8=#t lol p.42
=at7
212 214
tooo ola}g zl-€f zgl 4at€ f@) -r'+2r-nol r9l 4qI +6J4 r"+ar'+br*3ol Al+71-E+ C+oJ 37HE
I
(r-a)(r+b)E oJ++6}] qE+ 6I= F zI€+ a, btl 9zlal-oe oJ++6ll EIE+ 6I= d+ a, b4l '}l4q a*b9
q, r+o}^l f(r)9 z]]f E +6}^ls_. =zll'B al{Alg M. 4)+4kg mol4 olzl, tttt *mA ilg +6}^le-.
213 uez? rtu 169
4S4 Bol
Lx2x3x4*1:52
2x3x4x5*1:112
3x4x5x6*1:192 215 ru rg3
+ C+ a, bs4.loo ol6IE zI€+ zgl 4aI{

ol dB"Jtrl-. ol$ ul=Joe. +S +gql B6|I, r $Cg +6}ll r' - (L - 6ab) r * nol (r - L) ( r- Za) ( r -sD )s
o.1ago]f E trll, n4 A*tÎr+ 4l*alel tlg +6}^ls.
,tlfofr.l9.
(1)E= g+6k ql 4fl+q #ql 19 qEl += qH z}€+e-l
4l+gg +H6I^1e..
(2) LLx 12 x 13 x 14+ lE Ag +6I^19-.
r. clBrt 61
STEP Ltlt! fl8+lE E6l7l5= +l-"i flI'UE PE
3
216 218 Eqdxe

(k'+zk'+sk+z)+(k'+4k+3)9 ftol Aizl qE+ 6I= 2 ol^Jel zI€+ zgl 4aI€ Tl.eel z)olzl
E= A+ kE 4k4 qlg? (*, n+ -3, k+ -r) (n'+ an'+8n17 ) cm, z)olzl
îlgE
(n"+6n'*bn*7)cmQl EoJE dsol 914. rH4
@ -zz Q) -zs @ -zq, ^lÎ4B
?ol eI H9 4olzl @*2)cmoJ C^l-4€ EoJE ^lTlg
@ -ZS ttr' -26
4^1^l *4l ElEflol e*E g+ +l+El ilqls al4"J Bol
Eflqq e+9 sE+ql 3cm7l tsl o}44oll l cmz}
ts?t+. ol e+ql E"J ,]l+b? (*, a, DE trfol4. )
^ltlE
CIII
1 c:rrt
tr
@ (n+ 1)( n*2)(n+3)
@ (n+ 1)'( n*2)(n+3)
@ (n+1)(ntZ)(n*s)'
@ (n+ 1)'( n*2)
@ (n+2)(n*3)'
217 rEEeEEr
+ oli}trI6}al P(r) , Q(r)zI sE df roll q6}q +€. aag
"J+^1iltrI.
?D P(r)+Q(r):4
o {P(r ) }'+ {Q(z )\' - rzrn +24r't I r2f + L6
P(r)9 alri1.39 Alitl g+.J trI. P(2)+Q(3)E #g?

o0 @z @s 219
@g G)ro s4B9 Hg aol a, b, c7l E4
,rll
a' + b' - c' - (b - c) a' - (c * a)b' - (a
- b) c2 -o
g "J+^la q, ol r*489 HolE?
o |ao olo, air

@*,' eEo,
62 +qr(d)
8=Jll *ol p.43
220 222
/ql ql6J 46J^l ru+2ar'+br'+2ax*19 ql+B6llilg trll, +6;ll xn-ar'+36o1 4l+71 E+ 4+t "JiI^l tz\t
I
Alizl E+ a+oJ oJzI^]9 zHfE N(a, D)+ C96IZI. qE ql++6ll qEq 6l+ E= oJf a9 atE qle?
Eq N(0, 0)_0014. (trzl)ql^l *g a"Jg il= qs a= oso @ss @ao
AE? @ts @so
H7l
-. .A/(2, 6)+N(0, -2):4

.. .^/( k,2) _28 "J+^l7lE d+ k4lke2zllolq.
.. b-a'+2ol{ N(a, b):48 "J+^l7l= sE df a9 {}9
te -401+.
I
-t @ L @r
I
-T E @ L E
223
3 ol^JEzlg+ z9l 4aI9 xI€+ no+2n'-3ol
(n-t)(n-2)E Hll+7I qE+ ofi gE xl$+ z9 {19 t}9
+6f^le_.
221
zI€+ N -rn-zsrz-50r-25q1 46Iq ll/ | ol A+zI qE+
6I= C+ 19 zllfE p, A+oJ l.^/ lel 44(tg qa| g ql,
b+ qA tlg +6}^le-.
r. ct'Brt 63
STEP Lllt!fl8+{E Eolzl3 ?lPt flaUE BE
3
22t+ ru 195 226 .aq8EE

+ zifl+ a, bql rll6lq gi}^l r-a* "J+tr 7l^lz +6J4
+ "Jil^lE +str oJ++6ll € trll, a*bA &ol € + flb P(r):rn-250t+b7l Al+el tl"+olol E+ c+.J r.JE Q$,rll
A? (*, a,6s tl"+o14. ) 46}^lel +es "J+86il €+. E= +6J^l p(r)9 zl]fE p4
o-a @-z @o 61l, azl 44,J
"IE Dg ilg qq e+
"fl, g(7tilE *g
@z @+
+6I^ls.
225
10 ol6IE rll z}€f a, b, c7l
ab ( a' - b') + bc (b'
- c') * c a( c' - a') : 138 g EI+^l A q, 227
a'+b'+c'E &g +6I^19. P(r)-r'+x+1q q6lq
trld}^l +EJ4 P(r")* p(r)-tr
++fl$ *lE L}"lzlg fa|.rle.
64 +q'(8)
8'JzlEol p.45
228 229 rdu rel

g
tr|6}^l r" + r'u + r'n + r'" +r* 39 rn + f + x'+r+ 1-A 46J^l r'o-2r5-39 r*1E r++flg "I9 *9 Q(r)+
rilE +"lzlE? oll, 46J^l 8(r)E r*1-P ++fl$ ,ilE
I
++flg 'I"lzl*?
Q) r*2 @ r'+2 o -go @ -zs @ -zo
@ r'+ r*z C0 r'+ t @ -rs @ -ro
@ f +r'*r*1
r. ct'B^t 65
,Je^l 4
TJ E
o
+^+sl oFF+8^l
oliF!|8^lzl olilEt+
qEf 7lI,lEJSAlul%+l
E^+slolrtJSA.!
lold EtE Ll|E
'g+ x{lfrf 53
ael . -H./\A
-aJ
@ e^+ettsltEt!
zll#al€ azl 9Y iE a4 z]l*tol+ (1) 4l*6l.q -1ol q= 45 zla re '+4,11tr, ol= 6l++fl4 EItrI.
I
6Ir.. r/-atr +qU+. i':-1 (+, i:,1=1)
.d+ EJ (2) .JEE d+ a, b4l q4q a*bi gtr +44"lzlb +E +A++ 6}l,
A+ (^]S+) aE €#*8. b= alf ? Eol4 ++.

[.Jn]
a+ [o H .r-.,r- rb:0oJ trll, €+
.jir-f
+4+ Lgg C+
l
a*bila+og 6r+,:;ll
a-r.
,r.l
Aitl ol{ +fl+
trr,
il: il;,, olu 6r+
+q+
. +al+71AIE e= 5a 6J . +^+71dE et Ea
til +?-l+ a, b, c, de+ +E+ ,r-m\l trildlq + +A+el d+++4 olf ? Eol ?+7+ Ag ql, + +d+E ^Jtr.
Aq.r.
0) a-c, b-dol{ a+b,lm:c*d,,lm oJ+. trle|^l a, b, c, dzl df$ rll.
a *- c -l d,f-rryol$. a: c, b: d
b,l m (r) s-.. b:do14 a*bi-c*di
(2) a:0, 6:0ol 4. a* bl vv:
-g a*bi-c*diol$ a:c, b:d
a*b.f rt2_0olH a:0, b:O (2) a:0. b:oolH a*bi-0
a*bi:}olE a-0, D:0
.
=EllE^+
@ eql+^+
+A+ a*bi (a, bY d+)ql 46Iq +^+ a-bit a*bi\ Aql+^++
61tr, zfe-ts a+bie+ Bol 44U4.
a+bi-a-bi
.rllE=q .ttsEl ,gE 53
. q^+q Al8l4ltt
9l= +E E^ttr ^J46Iq +6J^lE H.Cr+ a, b, c, dz| df9 4],
Edql^l E+6J4el al4}6l= 44 ae (D (a*bi) + (c + di) - (a* c) + (b+ d)i
HJHetr 4l&6JtrI. @ (a*bi) - (c + di) - (a- c) + (b- d)i
(s) (a* bi)(c+di):(ac-bd)+@a+bc)i @ s^+94Erla
. Esol .f;.alEl ?SJ
^,,
'"
1
Gr,--7,.--
2+,13 2+,13
1 ,.2-B
'',Z-,13 --
@ (a*bi)+ (c +di) -#+ffii (+, c*di*o)
..
z_,lt _o r; Ur,
2'- (,13)'
-,t-L
. E+el rllEi= @B+qtta=
1.E.+9
.fil#sl €tr =3
^1lH
a> ooJ trll.
a > 0"J trll,
(1) (+ f,o)'-o e),fTtaY-a

,t, ;4-/a' (z)
-ag {lffig +,|-aiol4.
z E+ol x.ilffig dE
. r1ffiq EErl +iE 6J Q) a10, ,< 0"J trli
, ,l a,l6: -,frb * olgg e9ofl= ,l-a.16:{o5
a)0, b>09 trll,

,l u la
(2) a)0, b<OoJ trtri,
#: tr - oree e+qE
#: ff
<l ,l-a,16:,[aE 2
Tb:'lT
r Brd^tq +E t 67
lolt :qlf L]|E
. olilHJE^lel Eol E3 . oliltJ8^lsl d=rl -={= EE@ olxltl€^lol Eolst eq EE
or oJftsal ol8 Alizl d+ql olil%IC^l at * br *c: 091^J
d ) :0 E.E
oliloJ{^l* (at-b)(cr-
g;go]l!| trI, + te rrl *9 +4 : ,- -btc4*
2a
,:LACuY r:4
(2) +E4 i D -b2 - 4ac =9 8 t0il^1 rltEE 9JE ^l
(3) SB :
$dz{+4 018 =E
îE += F d+g *b+.
(2)
D> oolE lonF*E^tots=€
ol iI*A $dxfl B^l g sQltl D:0olE ^Js Ag + €=(6=3)9- *=+.-l7lE â : D>0
^19
(t_ A),: B gE H€el q, + tg
D< OolE +E + 6l=9 **trI.
^ls
r-A+,[E (8. B>0)
(3)
=q
t4 ol+
olil%r-A 4 at+br*c:Ooll Ell4q
c -l_o
I l-L
r- -b+ bt - 4ac
*
2u
$al, 19 Alizl a|+.J trll, +

b:Zb'oJ + trll
=g
T _ -b'+ lT'-ac
il
ols. d=oJ trl+fltr|
. olilHJEÎ9 s4l @ ol^lJ6^lel g4l

=ll.4l+sl
(r) olit*C^.lel
="1.41+el
al+9 *41 :
=4
ol4HJA 4 ar'+br*c:09 F *g a, P+ 6IH
q* B: -+. oy:l
a' a
.
"J+8al I tr18^j_02 Llolrt8al
(2) + +E tr {+ olilBJ'{al :
=o
trIt}^l P(x)ql r.ll6}q P@)-0olE r'9 Alizl lt olilHJ4llE + i€ a, P+ 6IE
trI6}^l P(r)b "JiI^l r-aE (t - a) G - B) :0, r' - (a * 8) r* op -g
LI+qEqTI+. (3) olil^]9 .$t+ H+lql^lE oJ+E6ll
oli[%r-C 4 ar'+br*c:QE + *€ a, p+ 6[E
a(r-s )(r-d)-o
f,[@ olx1t36^lelgE
68 ++(8)
STEP EEt^1=g=6t-. @@ @@
8'Jlt Eol p.47
@ +a+et
=rt
Etr 233 u=w
dE4 E^+7l- 1E'J= naE ol8olG
.,=l+'J9l ioll tH-d +g trI6}lg +A+ H+lqlztl olffiall6l.^le_.
H_ +el Etl= 6f71l_f u=^l7l='J= a; fxllE E+6lHrl. 1) r?-4rl5
^13
@EID
Q) r')+ 4 I
q^+q Et} zl-80ll^'l rl.=g ,J= "..j01 rf+e_e ela+E rulET1l
$) r:t+ 12* t-3
4+lEr + ?lrl.
(r +i)': : -zi, (r +i (r - i) :2
zi, (r- i)' )
r=- z ' rT-l- z-' r=- t' r+ i - - t
230
+g €B + *e 4*? (t, i _7_r"14. )
e z= xll#6l-q - 1ol q= .J+o14.

@ d+b +^+7I olq+.
@z+3rE 6ltf Eg siol4. 234
@ +^+9 6l+++e dfol4. + d+ a, b{l Ell6l-o1 F^l
@ 6l+= di agl q6}q 6** ai ge +EI'J + gl+ (3+i)o-Zbi-6-4i
,l- cBB ull. a +b4 *e? (El. i ,l-=o14.
- )
(r)1 @Z (rr3
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g tr]i. (Hzl)ql^J *g a"Jg 9I: qe rlE ag?
+^+ ,:ffql ql6}q z":r*"J+^lzl* zoo ol6}el
('J. i_/_rol4.)
il
zI€+ n4 {if= +6}^le. (t, i-7-tol4.) H)l
-.f(2):-i
-.f(n):.f(nia)
-. f(t) + f(2) + f(3) +... + f(e8) - - r-i
@-r @u @-,.
@.,= (D-r L E
309
i-zi'+5i "- Tin+...-ggi'n'+ 10lin'E rt+?
(El. i _/=ol+. )
(1)50+51i (z) 51
-52i
o) 51 +52i @ SZ-53i
Q) sz+53i
312
zl€+ n4 EZ.JE E+ at, az, a3, ..., at (kY rlq+ nq
EE oJE E+E ,11+)ql q4q
f (n) : io'* io' + io'+ "' I ior
310
zlE+ z9l 4aI9
ola| alz|. .f(2"') f(8):109
- "J+^l7lb zl€+ m9 ak#^
+61^le. (8, i -7-tol4.)
.f (n):ni"- (n* l)i"*'
.J trll. .f(r) +
f(z) + ft3) +. .. +.f(16)E <tg?
(8, i _/-tol+. )
Q)-16i @-ai @o
G) 8i @ r0;
Il g8^l3t55a $l
STEP LllC gtErll i{lE[: i ],'r di] AE
2
313 316 ldu26o'

trizl +A+ e9 €4144+ Zql ql6l-q z':294,
otH + +^+
z" + zt'+ z'+ zt'+ z, + z+ lE *g? ,l-, *: -#,15i
z- 14, z
(D-z @-1 @0 ql 46Iq z":,liln* zl$+ nA 4*<k* +6}^le.
"J+^l7l=
@r @z (t, e-l-to14.,
31 4 eaw rdu 2s7 r
Fl] (r*i)--2"*"J+^l7l:100 ol6IE + zlg+ m, n4l

ql6lq m*nA 318*9 7allle. (*, i-7- tol4. )
o-\ol TJlir
*E 04 ET-l "ll tl r-
317 te 267
a)0,6<OoJ + d+ a, b4l ql6}q

.IEF
+z[a|[aF+ ,IGTTY - (a*t) -24*aioJ
T-
a+Dq ilg? (t, /- to1tt.
41,
i
- ,
a-z @-g @-a

315 ru 258
,-u @-o
E/(l
o-1 ,
1111 -r, "'-r ,
(-1)"*'- :l-
___!_
. -o I -, .t ry i
tt"t"t" 1
7l-tB6lE+ 6l+ 300 ol6l-E zI€+ n4 tHiZ +6t^le.

(*, i-1-tol4. )
84 +trr(d)
8=JzlEol p.60
31 I dB 266 321
0ol ol{ 4l d+ r, y. zgl rHaI{ + €+ t, s4l Ellil}q
,l-iT:-l-ry. E-- r*39 - -ZL, rU:3

f oJ oll,
I
'J -L lr-tal+,K;-if-lr-zl3zJ*61 eI A+? E*ff2#g+EI^le-
O -zr Q) -2y 2r-2y Qt)
(0 -2y*22 $) 2r-2yl2z
8E 0s,/ olll8E^l "l E"J

=olel =sl
319
+ F4
r; +6
322 E=*
,[i,lT + 4 t#
- -,f r' + ar, I r-5
x*6
r-5
r"ll 4'* oliIrJA^l
r' - z( k - a) r -f k' - 4k I b : o
g E+ "J+^l7l= C+ 19 z}lfE? ol €+ kE akql s4lflol #g 7Ie q, abq ag?
cr Q)2 (*, a, e= d+ol+. )
@+ (os
cDz @t (D6
@s @ro
320
ool olH d+ a, b. c4l44q
^'tl
,trb
C
,,fi,|V-'[br- 323
,w
oJ oll, (trzl)ql^l *g a"Jg il= qtr -aE Ag?
H7l T_
b+,lF+* e. S* 7lq6lq aJ *ol r+ie
a 'lS+
--t
la*bl: la I + l6
. I
' ::-
,ra rabc ol HJa^le-l gHlE + +g q, B (a) B)+ 6J q.
*g 1I+j/
,lb,l c ^l
.. ,[4rl-=5,[=:rfm
(E}, i
- ,t-:ola, u, b, cY d+oltr|. )
o-r @-2 (D-s

@-r @u @r,u @ -4 (0)
-5
@u,= @ -r, L, E
tt. HJ644+=4 85
STEP LllC gIlellli.llcl: I 1'llrCqAE
?
32t+ 327
^Jtr.
+E + d+ 0. q4,46|q oliloJa 4 t-2pr*q-03 r9l 4t %}C^l
# a€ *1, olzl'JC 4 3r'-2pr*q-5P+3:09 It-(za*l)r* Ba*rl -2
tr|E F €= q, 8E zLA ql, a, Bg 1I9=_ ?+?+ +6t^19. el + aol azl qE+ 6I= -E.E "Jf ag rtE tlg Talrle.
^Js
325
4i n4l ql6}q r{ 4t %}ClI
(t- n) x'+zl-zr - t -o
E ^ls += d*E zlll5- f@)ol+ 6J trll,
328
f (o) + f(r) + ftz) + f(3) + f(4 )el r}g? ,JC^l r'+2lr I - z:zKiTTYE EE +6}^le-.
=€
oa @s @o
@z @s
326 u=*
olilHJc4 r,+ax*D:0ol + 6l+9 7Ie ql, (E_zl)o1l,r1 329
6Jd trI= + d=g 4: rJ€^lg 9t= 4e r= 4*?
^lE 50 ol6IE i+ p, q9l 4aI9 olilrlc^-l r'+pr+n-sol ,rltr
(*, a,6= d+oltr|. ) trl= F cl* a, 8= ?*+tr+. a, 84 d+++4 elf ? Eol s+
H7l
c+g 4r,, p+qA 3l+(}4 4qa9 !+g?
-. r'+zbt-a'-o @$
-. r'+art3b:O
an @u
@+s @a0
=. tr'+z(a'-qb)r-4b-o
(fr @r @r,u
@-,= (Dr L tt
E
86 +qr(8)
ABzlfol p.61
@ ol{'E}a^lq a3[4]+el Etal 333 ErEs

0ol ot{ d+ 0, q, rgl 4rI4 olil%LA 4 x'+pr*q-09
^ll
330 + +g o, Bola, olilolC 4 i'+qr*r-0E F *9 sa,
p
olilrlA 4 r'-2r-1:09 + t a, 841ql6lq olil^l 3B"J trll.
r E <le? II
f(r)-r'+ar*bzy f(o):28, fG)-2oZ "J+^la q, +
*i a, Dql rll6}q b-aA ilg +6}^le-. , 01 @
1
.)
J
@+
,'\1
, (t\"27
.
-
Q/ 81
i
331 duz'zr
334 rdu zez I
4 ax'-Sar* a* 4:0el + d=q

olil-HJA 7l7l 3 ol^Jol
roll 46J olit%Ic 4 r'+6r*a:oE 6J z zzl
gE+ 6I= oJel 4i a4 atE H91= 7al..rle.
(2i+ z)'> o
g "J+^la q, 4i aA ilg +6}^ls. (*, i:f,]o]+.)
332 335
olilolC 4 r'-4r*5:09 + +9 o, 84 oJ ull . d'8*oB'9 olzlHJC 4 r'-Zr*3:09 6J +g ae| ol"-L, ,:ffi4 6J
1k?? (*, ,, E+ ++ q, 84 Aql+^+ol+. ) ull, z +ZE ilg? (*, ,= z4 3rll+i+ol+. )
O-a @-t
@t @s
@o
c+ @+ @r
,^ 10 a 11
to, tu 9
r. HJE^tq +=q 87
STEP L|lC EtEIll i{lpt: l, r,t dE}f,E
?
336 339 tu 3zI

.Jel +l+ ftql q6lol olil-HJd^l r'+ 3kr-l6lz:09 ,=- d* r"ll 46J ,JA^l lr',-2r-kl:39 Lll d=E gol r6oJ 41.
a, 071' l ol - l B l -39-'ll+^l rJ+. k- a -2PA *-3-? ^J+ ftel {tg?

ri3 215 ll7 0)-5 @-g @o
t 19 ,.5, '21 (,l) 3 @s
337 EiEs cszol

oJ'Jol
1ft"L oliloJC^l r,+ ar*6:0oll q6}q h
tr+= + alE olilola^]g sr'+ tu*q:OoJ 41.
=ee
0*q4 ,,LZ? (El, i
-/- toll. a. b, p. r/= d+ol+. )
(ri,)
-rn @ -ZA -ZS
(4) (|l)
-30 -eZ 340 re 281
^ll
d+ at*br*c-oel
a. b, c4l46Iq oliloJd 4 qI
tI [o; =ol
#ol1. oliloJ{ 4 cr'+fu*a:09 + =ol a, 6oJ 41,
il Z,t
@_B),E atg? (El. i_/-tol+.)

o-a @-t @o
Q:t @s
338
al-€+ ftql q6}q rgl 4{I olz}%r"C^.1
t-
(z+ O)r+,1-zn-3:o
E qL C+g trll. trI= 6J +6}^le.
=ol =g
88 +q'(d)
8=Jll tol p.64
341 s.w 343 E!-s Ltts? rdu zos, s3r r
^ll
d+ a, b, c{l tilalq olilol{ 4 ar'+br*c:0ollrJ olilol{^l r,-zx-1:09 + *g a, 84 B trll,
oli|gel 4l+E 0ol ol{ trIE d+s g* trr EHqq B' e'or
frd,]# + all r'z9 Alizl zoJ olil%Fa^lg
z+i= +
=se
+*r, ^J+'Jg g* trr Eflqq 1+3iE =es
il
trI€- +^l"ll tr14 7a[,r]e.
*9 a, p+ g u4, a'*B'9 {lg? (i, i-{ETol+. )
(t) d+ p, o89 {tg +qltr +6}^le-.
/n-5
\r/ z
/6\-.r
@-z /a\
@-;3 @
#+ &, * " fie*s zlqltr +61^le.
@-r @-+ @#,#r"F *ge a}-r r'9 Alizlzt olzt*c4g
+6}^ls.
344 tdu 284 I
342
olil%l{a1 f(r)-09 + + a, Bd ql6lq
r9l 4EI olil%lA^l x'+pr+q-0ol + q= o, BZ zlA q, o* B:2, oB-5
2a*8':101 dB+trt. + d+ f , q1l ql6}q q-pE *g
oJQ. olz|%IC^l f(zt-l)*a_oE + *9 Eol 19 trll,
+61-^le_. f(z1E *e?

a-zs @-zo @-rs
@-ro @-s
n.,J8^{rt55a $t
STEP Lllt! ddErllfllEl= ?l-"i Cel*E
2
345 3h7
oliI6JE Alitl loJ olil*+ f(r)71 +€. aag "J+^la ql, rgl 4{} olil-HJc4 r,+4r*k:}ol + ifl= a= 7}e ql,
f(8)el rtg Talrle. (Bzl)ql^l *g A"Jg il= qe r= ag?
0D*C4 f(r) -09 + Eg 8ol+. H)l

=E
A HICÎ t-3r+ 1:09 * Z a, dql rllo}q k)4
=.
f(o) + f( B):201'4. .. a9 ,J+++g 2ol+
tr. (1*a)(1+r)>1
@-r @u @ r, c
@u,= @-r,L,E
3h6 E!-s
olil%r"C^l t+zr-l:09
+ +g a, 84 B oll, +€. aag 348
"J+^lzli olzlal f@)ql ql6}q fG)E fie? r"ll4fl olilrl{ 4 x'+pr*1:0ol + 4Z o, PE 7lA uil,
(-Hzl)ql,r] *e a"Jg il= qtr r= ag?

(+, p= dfol4.
* r(+):r(t)-, )
H)l
a /(o)- 1
-t. lo*Bl-la I + lPl
Oza @zg @so u. 0(a( lolfl B> lol+.
@st @sz c. o'+ B'4 a1+il9 2ol+.
(D --t
@
-t L @ -r,
=
@ L E @ - LE
90 +ei(s)
8=Jat *ol p.66
3h9 rdu 3t4 I @ olll-,J8^lel gE

+ +^+ d, Bql ql6}q
a* B:2. aB -7 351
'J trI. (trzl)ql^l *g a"JgjlE qltr r= ag? rflr+ *ol ;$4€ ABCfl H Ae $lel d Dq EH6Lq Lll d A, II
(*, a, 8Y ?+4 a, PE Aql+A+ol+. ) B. C, D= +g 449_ "J+^lA+.
H)l
--r. uq:BE (zI) AB-AC
u. o*E:o+B (A BC:CD-DA- 2
=. a'--zi-7
roll4+ oli[%]c^l r'*mr*n:09 + AB, BCoJ trll,
=ol
@-r @u @ -r,
= + tl+ m, n4l qlq-q m*n9 1I+?
@.,= @-r,L,E A
B C
e 1-/5 @ -1+/5 @ 1+/5

@ 2-,15 @ - 2+,15
352 Eq87lt
350 EsBEA t-,
+^+ e9l 4aI{ zlz- -1, zz-rg trll, t.k<,lloJ d+ ftql Eil4q rB4 ?ol eI H9 ,Jol7l 44
,i- 2;'r t, 3r' -{ --s 2,zkoJ+ cÎ4€ ABCD, EFGHzI-gl+. + CÎ4€e-l
zzzz4 r -I++!ag#g?
44dol E+ + d oql^l "J+r, q4d FHz| H AB=
(+, ;= z4 44l+l;o1c1-. I olF+6J+. H ADe+ EH9 jzdg I, E ADe+ EFE r-dg J,
os @0 @g E ABe+ EFE r/dg Kq 6IzI. t4B AKJeI Holz} l$4B
@tz @rs
EJrg Holg to\rt slE+ 6l-= ftE <k"l p,E+q/6"J trll,
r00(P+q)E <lg +6I^le. (*. P, q.3 +4+oltrI. )
E
J
A D
F II
B C
r.8JE^trt+E^.| 91
STEP Lllc flE=filiilE|=-- ?lel crl*E
?
.^7lElE Eol EE goEezl
4cf z- -r+i 2 'll6}q z":t€ "J+^lzli 200 ol6IE zl-€+ ng zli3 +6}^le. (8, i-l-to14.,
a.Z r 5.7J'.1
8803 ea+el lErllE 308
,\7lEI schema
';:r;,
;olfl 5[+@e +$?lxl? ot 5g otgxt E3grt?
a
'L1
4Z @= U+Al7lts 2oo oldl'el
ez: -t+i rlE+ n9 211+= +6l71 fl6G
--
@ 61 Oel ,:#eJ -1-I'
,I Z
TlErJlE9
@ z"-l +rld= g0t0t Eltrf.
Zsnr
,: -r+i
Az: -r+i
-r- ,'-\-ft'):-;
, /-1+i \'z t,
@ zn:(z')':(-i)':-t -2_ ( -L+i

-rr- )
L
@ z'-l z':(zn)':(-1)'-t 7a:(22)2:(-i\'_ -,

28:(2a)2:(-l)'-t
0loe
-EA+
z9 zjEx{l#
z, z',..., z'9 zJol UEErI'.
trJXt
A z:--@- nlalAj z":l$ Et{Al7l=

w -L+i z8:l xl$# n?
@ J
n:Bk (e= xE+)
=oEe
11n{200= E=-,,1.17|ts
@ zn-L rlE+ n? 8 x 1, 8 x2, "',8x25
n:8k + 25
_=. trF 257H01E1..
1
E 200 ol6IE zlfl+ nA zli @zs
92 ++(8)
.^7lElE Eol EE EolEz!
olzl-*4 4 r,-2r-1:09 + 3 q, B4l El]6Iq olzl-^.1 f(r)-r'+ar-tbzy f(q):28,*71 fG)-Zqz q}+^la ql,
47J'). :t
=dO
F ^J+ a. b4l q6}q b- ag
trl
4g Talrle
rJ
I
*906 olrlg8^lel 4l+el rJ4 330
=r[
'\7lEt schema
'.:.'.:.folT.!
m = +S?lrl? TdlE Be +r?rrr? or # otgzt Eegrn
o
ETI
@ r'-2r-l-09
*Za,B
-+ alB-2
dB: -l
?6ll0F 61.= 'zJg a.
f(r)oll
6a
aJ-d
^lE
oq|^1 olilBJtr^l
boloe
^11?10F-dtr|.
rr-Zr- 1:09 F o. BOloe

=01
@ @ f(r) -r'*ar*b
I ="lZl+et
a* 0:2, o$ - -1
EZloil qdtG
qaN 4z @0il 1
@ f(a):28
f (0):za
+ f(o):4-2a
f(p) _4-28
f(o) -28:4-2a,
f(0)--zo-4-2BZZ g + ?]tl..
EXt
x'-2t-1:09 a*B-Z f(o)+2a-4-0,

O =,
aB: -L f(B) +zB - 4:oolE P
FZa,0 Utr^l f(x) +zx-4:09
I o, Solcl.
F
f(r) *2r-4:09
@ @ /( o):28
.f(0):2o
f(a )
fG )
4
4
2q
2B + FZa,0
=01
@ f(r) -**ar*b
Elt
4a @ql^.t
e r'-2r-l-09 a* B:2
aB: -l f(r)A oli1gel 4+ lolr:+
iZa,B f(r) *zr- 4:r'- (a* B)r* a0
I :x'-2x-L
@ f(q):28 f( a):4-2q f(r) *2r- 4:09
@ .f(B):zq f( B):4-20 *Zq.B f(r) -(x'-2x-r)-2t+4
-t'-4x+l
a:-4,D:30loP
rqalA'l
@ f(r)-f+ar*b + f@)-x'-4x+3 -.1, 7
b- a:3- ( - a) -z
f
E b-a @t
r. BJE^tlt +#t 93
STEP LltcaHflfl @@@@ @@
=r,171=?l-zf
3s3 355
+^+ ,-ffiql ql6lq El zI€+ z9l 4aI€ 4i a,,6,,o1 F!
* 323 - 4zo +... + ( - l)'*t nz":s2 + sli
z - 222
a,,lb,,i:#
zl $Hg q, z}€f ng 1I9=_ +6}^le-. (*, i:,1 -rol4. ) q.
=,J+^la
{(a,)'+ (ar)'* (ar)'+...+ ( au)'\
+ { (0, )'+ ( b,)'* (b,)'+. .. + ( bn)',}
E alg? (t' i - /- to1'n'
ezs @so
'
@zs
@ roo @ rzs
354
d++ fflfzl"olH F +A+ z, w{l ql6}q z-Lt), zwzl EF
d+g oll. (Bzl)ql^l *g Agg fl= qe l8 ae?
(+, Z, wY 44 z, w4 Aql+A+ol4. ) 356
H7l at, az, as, ..., a.,? 7+7+ -L, i, l+i *
6I+9 {lg *=4.
--t. z*wE telfol4. :T * toi
(ar)' + (ar)' + (ar)' + ... 1 (ar)2
t-. zw10 EI+^la q. ay*a2*'.'la,oE €+Y E4 6l+++9 qlg
=
c. zZ-utw:0 +6}^le-. (8, i -7-tol4. )
@-r @ -r, . @-,=

@.,= @ --r, L, E
94 +qr(8)
8=Jll Eol p.68
357 cu 302 359 Idu2e5,3o7 I
+4+ z9l 4aI{ (z-2)':2-2ioJ 4, zz-22-224 Atg? tJ,\

='' -r
^.
(*, i:l -Lolr., ;= z9 d4144+ol+. ) z
- (z + i) t + (st - z) r - tz + zi
@-o-2 @ o+2 @ -2,12+4
ql q6|q eo<09
"J+^la q, s.= d+ 19 {t9 q}g? I
@z,lz-4 (*, i-'F]ol4. )
@ -zlZ-4
26 28
es /o\
\e)
3
@
3
32
@to @
3
358 rds 3s4
EizlotH +i+ zgl 4oI€ f7.l d+"J ull, (u-zl;q1,ri
*e a"Jg 9lb {tr a= ag? (+, ,= e9 ?4144+oltr}. )

H7l 360
-2 r.1l 4EI ol4%IA4 r'-ar*2p-Qol trl€-4dg "J+^la oll,
-,. .z-+ dfol4.
I- Z +^lt Q, o)9 zllfE?
.. z*2-zi
.. $af z9 di*E€ "Jfol4. Qb aY eE Hl]+?l + zlel z|flfoll, p= a+olr+.
(+) + 4E zl$fol4.
@ -r, u
=g ^.18
@-r @u
@u,r 6)-r L E es @ 4 @s
@o @ 7
tt. HJEqq+E4l 95
STEP Lild a8flE ?l-af i{uUE PE
3 =6171=
3 51 cs 316 363
E -H-2-^'
-r -1 + |
zI€+ z{l 4a}{
O+ 12;
z '*: -,[2+,12;
': 2 '"-(E)'"-(#)'
ql r-ll6lq z* xw"
-iE "J+^l7l= + zl€+ m, n9 * ol4 g] oll, (trzl)ql^J *g a"Jg gl= rlltr r= ag?
m*n9 4+<Ig? (t, i -7- tol4. ) (8, i -7-tol4. )
cs @t @s
@o @z -r. 4E e,e-l <tg E+ azflo1c1.
,tJ-tr
L. zr* zr* z3*...* zno 4 7l-bd +C itE +Bg
^JE
ziol4.
c . zt x z*<-09 E}+^lzlt- rO ol6IE zI€+ I , m4 +^l.t^dl-
(1, m)9 216= 13014.
o --1
@u @ -r,
=
@ L E @-r,L,E
362 rdu zez I
+g adg "J+^lzlb ao olo}el zI€+ ng 4iE +6}^le.

(*, i:,|--toltrl. ) 361+ rdu 3re r
+g aAg "J+^lzlE ro 01619 + zlg+ m, nA +^J.'^dI

eD {(1 -i)'" +2"i)'<O (m, n)9 z}lfb?
@ n? 3E tsH+ol+.
,OE
,14-m
n-3
4-m
g),lm4,li-G- (m-8)(n-a)
o 39 @ 40 @at
@ 42 @ 43
96 +qr(s)
E=Jll lol p.69
365 367 Hte?

t, aql46J olil^.] r'-ry-2y'tkr-3a-l2zl + "JiI^lE 4 r,-ar*a:ool cl* zE zl4 uil. z,ol
roll 46J oliirJc
#es .J++ql qE+ 6l^= oJ+ kE ake? 4#zl qE+ 6i= d+ a4 1I€^ +6Ir r 4Cg ,<J$alrle.
az @s @a I
@s @0
368 du 288, 336
rgl 4fl oliluJC^l 2G-L)'r'+B(k-3)r-zk+r:09 F

366
d=E *szl ^J-e q-e-r., oJ+ql €*<tol g+.J
,-fr{ Er]6Iq z" z'" +
- 2"" - dizl
r4tt+... - r'0"g<iol =E
eE*-H.+ =.E.+ 6l+ c+ k9 t1;y,
=q
EIE+ alE zo ol6IE zI€+ n9 tllib? (8, ;-fiolu[. )
or @z @s
esz @gs @sa @+ @s
@ss @s0
r UJE^{!I +=l 97
STEP LllC El89lE E6l7l: L I I ilrus. *E
3
369 du 31s 371 tdu 33o,3so I
zI€+ zql r]l6lq olilrlC^l f +r+1:09 + a, B4l ql6}q olil{l+

=
f(r) - r' + ar * bzl B f@') :38 * t, o.f( Bu) :3a* 19
f(n) - {i-i'+ "'+ ( - r)n+tl'l) } {+ -++ "' +!}),H}
ol4$ ol, ,f( k)+f(k+L):19 ololE zI€+ "J+^la q, a*bq <lg? (*, a, Ds tr.+oltrI. )
"J+^lzl} so
frel ,}]t=? (+, ;-/- lolc1". )
or @z @s
@t @s
crs @tt @rs
@r0 @rz
370 .aE8EE ru 350 372

s ol^JEzlg+ zgl 4i*{ tr}6}^l oli1tsJ{^l r'-r*1:09 qI e4 Et 4, z"(r-z)"'*'4
=g tliE
P,(r)- ( r+r) 1 r+r') ( r+r') ...(r+ r"-') ( 1 * r") -32 *ol oJ9 $izl qE+ afi 100 ol6IE zlg+ nA
zl r'+r*ltr ++qEqzlE+ 6l-= EE zI€+ n4 114 +61^le.
ilg +6t^le.
98 +Er(8)
8'Jzl*ol p.71
373 EsaEgl 375 EsenEl

oliFJA^l f +,[Zr+1:09 + *g a, 84 g tr]|, q"]-B,,:0ol C+48 F H AB9} ACg] +dg 44 M, NOI+
ABCqI^J
!E+ 6l+ 50 "l6lE zI€+ n4 AiE +6}^le. 6IzI. rH$ ?ol d P= Hlzld MNol A{.4B ABCE
e;dfl$ "J+= doll, NP:1, MN:rol4. r'-4g (}g

T"
I
+6I^le.
A
r--.
37 h tru 348
4# n41q6}q r9l 4f, olil-%I{^l

f-(n*t)r*2n*1:o
el + *9 a, B4 E+ ull, (Hzl)ql^J *g a+g 9l= rll_E l.E
ae?
H)l
=. lql: 0lI n- -1ol+.

oJ trlJ,
w. (o
- B)'< 09 "J+^l 7li E= ng 4Ig
t}g z r ol 4.
c.a*Bllo+B l< lal+lP lE"J+^lzlYn1l q6}q
lnl9 3l+{}g 7oltrI.
@-r (D -r.. @r,=

@u,. ($-r L E
r HJ8^14 +#{ 99
STEP L]|C fl!+|il Ealzl' I ?lljr iflaUE orr EBatlol p.73
3
376 EqaTlE 377

zl+Hillg E^J49 ?olE 7J4 a, b, c4 oJ trll, rotl 4EI
F at€+ m, ng1tqo1q [r.(i)"']"'o, *r,
so ol6IE
olzl*C^.1
^ll
$izl qE+ 6I= +^l%I (m, m)9 z}liE +6}^le-. (r - a) (r - b) + (r- b) (x- c) * (r- c) (r - a,) -s
(t, i -7- tol4. ) el q6J €Be_E (tr_zl)ql^l *g a"Jg ilE qtr r=
=ql
a*?
H)l
r . 6l+9 ?*E+ 6l-b oti a, b, c7l
^ll =zllo.J+.
L. #-3 7Ie q, E^J49 ?ol= s+ A+.
^ll
tr. AqEillTI olp trll, +E + "J9 d=g *=trI.
^ls
@-r @u @r
@u,r @ -r, L, E
100 +q,'(s)
olilHJ8^lu[ olilg4
!olEffiLllE
. 0lil-Er'+9}r J.aflu 63 . olilEJEAl$ olilEl+sl *41 @ ottlg6^lrt ottet+et rJ4l
*i s:f(e)91^l yzl r4l +ql olil^]. + (1) olÎt++ y-af +br*c4 r4ge+ r=q rdq ral.trE olilHJa^.1
I
y-ar'+br*c (a*0, a, b, cY ^J+)tr at+bu+c:09 d=+ *c+.
LI$B rll, ol *i s:f(r)E olxlB++ (2) olil*i y:ar'+br+c9 :4;r4 r49 +lzl S4l= olilHJC^l
6Ir.. r:4sE trEColtrI. af +br+c:09 +E4 D:b'-4ac4 +Eql q4 aABq-.
a>oB u]l a<oB rll
DgI+E D>0 D:0 D<0
olitt*8^l q= F d= qE +
6L
-l ,\1e. -ol=
at+bt*c:o4i;N ^1_e
tJ+ y-ar!+fu*cA
EIE fi,tr1.
r4Eet r49 aE îeq=+E
'0li]El8^lgl g=4 a= Oie +qorlga^l d# a-at+tu*cA

olil*c^l ai+ br+c:09 +E4g (8, a>o)
=4s
x
D4 et qt.
(r) D>oolE += + d=g *=+.
^l.E
(2) D:}olE #+=+.
6l+9 r*b+.
îtr += +
(3) D<OolE
. gilEl+el
= =a]|s Ea
. oliJEl+E f44l {dE +lil Efll @ ot{t}+et rrilgetEldetfl{ s4t
EJi y:f(r)ollr.J yzl r4l +* "Jit^]. + olil*+ y-at+bx*c4 rqse+ 44.y-mr*n4 +lzl +41=
s:mrln (m*0. m, z€ tf )gE olil%[t 4 at+br*c-mr*29 $Ha] D9 +Eql 44 AA€4.
LIEB ull. ol .*i y:f(r)E .Jilql++ D:0
DgI +E D>0 D<0
6I-r., -r. r4s= z.lCol4. oliEt6^l q= F t= x-
Aie clg F al=
m)o! r:ll mlooJ Wl azz*br*c:mt*nAt;ll îe.
6L
d* y-ar'+futc4
Ale c13 5 5 utE fltrt.
:AE
fif y-ar'*br*cA
fqsg| 4d.y:mzln9
+lilg4l (trJ a>0, m)o)
il g8^trl +E t 101
lold AE LilE
. 0lil-Et+ol
leflEol +I!E E3 . olifEl+E AE}| . .t|A @ ottml+et ttEl .4^
oliltl+ s: a(r- p)'* qg r4s= d# ci{g H?|oil^l ol^l-g+el aft,Jala*,J
r.
44. r:05 +98 6Ir, B (p, q)*
qldee flf €+ dillel H+lq^J olit€:+ y:a(r-p)'+qE 4qil4 4*ag 4€-4
E$rjoJQ. zk)
a>oB r]l a<oB ull
E I.
aol?4 a)0 a10

,q)
y:a(lr-D)2*q v
q AEll
at.^
Qt, q) EI
o p
t:lt T:
l) y:aG-f)'+qg
olit*+ y-at+br*c4 r4sE l4s (l
alr
+ltd9 als'= y-a(r-p)'+q g-e- p
u:a(r- 0)tlq
HB6Iq +++. t:04 q s0lrL
aflrJ fltrt.
a*rJ t:bH ufl q0lc[. fltrt.
2. rll-dEJ E+loll,\l 4'l'Jrl El+'J

0lil-Et+el
alr<Bqlî olil'*+ f(r) -a(r-D)'+qq 4Eil4 4+#g ++4 ,Jr-+.
a9 FE a)0 a10 rlfl,J. 4l+,J

r.ll
v--f(t)
at4 :f(t)
d<p poJ2e? *.lL2l
+ U
0ofi aB P -r
4
@ oltlB+olaEil .alaelgt
102 +qr(d)
STEP EEt^'l=8Ea;5 @@ @@
E'Jll Eol p.7/r
@ oltltt6^lrl oltl.tl+el rJ4l

381 E!.s
olilEt+ y:f(x)A:.eHg9f r40l ULI= E9 rsfEzf olil*+ s - - x' + (zm- r) r-
+29 rEl r zl
m' 11{
0liloJE^l f(r):0ol A=0lal'= A= 0|EdU "J'tzl 9+E+ 6]-b C+ mg A*Ae?
(1)olitHJEA f@):0el trJEtr glxlg+ a:f@)A
=sl
:al|gef rc9 ?lil Ezl= *-,=
o-1 @0 @r I
s:.f(r)4:.aHgslrC9
(2) 0lÊr'+
=rll
glil aJZLe 0lÎHJE^l @z @g
.f(r):09 trJEdl= Ell

e E+6ffitf. =E
378
olil*+ y-f
+ar*bq r4se+ r=q + rd9 ralszl
44 - 1rl 29 4t,, a*b! *g? (*, a, D.. tl"+ol+. )
o-g @-z @-r 382
@o @r olil-*+ y-2#+ar*bg r44 d6}r, d (r, a)9
=.ellsz}
zlg trll , a'+b'4 {lg +6}^19.
(*, a, r: d+ola, a>oolq. )
379
olil*+ y:2r2-4r-10e1 :4uzl rG{ "J+= + dg
44 A, Bet g ql, AB'E *g?
o zo @zz @zt
@za @za
383
olil*+ f(r) -az'+tu*cg:4sz} rB4 ag q, +g
6 *xl *g Ag? (*, a, b, cE tfol4. )
u
v:.f (r)
o T
380
olil*+ y:rz-ar*kql4 rz| 4gg EJ+^l7lE+ 6l+ e 6>o @ c)0
d+ eel A EE H+l= +6}^le. b'> 4ac a+Lrt**r. o
@ @
(1)r+4 += + Aql^l "JU+.
^Je @ zsa*c1o
(2) r++ dq}4.
(3)n+r+ oJ+zl ?+=+.
r sE^14 +=+l 103

STEP EEI^1I EE+6i= t{C 8E
1
384 387
4 r'+ar*4a-3-09 qI
olilHJC zflq z]-tr, 4"lzl o-J olil$+ f@):r'-4t*6E r4sz} {C y:kx-54
=g trl= F d @,' f(r,)), (h, f(rr))ql^J "Jt+.
33 zucl trll, 4i a9 4qag? ^lE
= rr*12-79 trll, tl-+ k4lk9?
G;-z @-1 @o
@r @z es @q, @s
@0 @z
8E 02
I
ol$flrao; ra||4l 4del ?lrl Et4l

olitg+ y--f(x)!:aHgel 4d a-mr*nol trJLlts Esl
$lL7l0lilHJS^.| f(x):mr-tnA d=0lal.= ag 0|E6U
(1 ) 0
lilHJE4 f@) : mx t nel=el trJEE 0 litg+
y-f(x)el r4sE LIC y: mx*n! +lil BAI= ?61.= 388 u-g
gxll olil*+ y-12+ (a-t)r-b+zE:4 uz} zld
(2) 0lifEt+ y:.f(r)Afa}|4t 4d.y-mr*ng ?lil SZIE y- -2r-t24 4 Q, -2)ql^l dg trI , a-bE lle?
0l^l'HJE^l f(r):mr*ng =€ trJE6I.= =ll (*. a,6= d+oltr|. )
s E+5ffirf.
e-s @-1 @1
@s @s
385
y-2r'-5r*3E rqse+ 4d y--r+11o1 ,tl-tr
oli}r*+
+E + dql^J "JB trll, + adg ralsg tlg?
e-s @-s @-r
@r @s
389 Er.s
olil*+ y--r'+Bxl2gl :z4uel zld E-r*kz| 4qE
EI dql^l "J+E+ 6l^= d+ ftE *E H+l=?
386 u-w
olil,B+ y:t2-3r*a4 r4Ee| 44. y:Zx*1ol ,tl-tr 4E ok<l @k<Z @ft<s
@ k<t ftSs
+ dql^J "JB trll, 4i a9 4EAg? @
oa @s @0
@z @a
104 +qr'(8)
ES4Eol p.75
390 393 u=s

d (-1, 1)g zl+r olil*+ y:12-3r*1$ zr;ltroll olil*+ y-t'+a9 :4se+ zl N. y:br*1ol rlE +E +
d6I= + zlCql ql6}q + ddE rals9 qle? dql^J "JLtr, ol+ qI d9 ralszl2*/-s"14. + +4+
@-t a, b4l qqq a*bA Alg +ilt^le.
e-s @-s I
@-z @-r
391
@ olxlEr-+"| *lEtl.rla
t+ cillel H?l !E.=
^1|-elEJ
E?10il^1el ol^lEf+"| 5l.l,Jrl
El*,Jg +6|.= E+dlHtl.
v u--ar'*blc =rll=
EEHID
(1)€+ C^1l9 H+l?l e+
0lilEr'+el afl,J !E= 5l+,JP q}lEelsalEolrl.
.)
J T olet|tr e" afl,Jol gr,
==?] al+,Jol =r}|6lxlg=rl.
y--mr*n +|tr 3+
(2)ril-dE==?l Hfle 3+
=r|16lrl
e -zo ll-dE H+lel ?lEEoll^]el Er'fJal E].!trel a^1fi71

@ -to @ -tz olilg+e-l Elfl,J !E= 6l*rJe.l Fh/7f Erf.
@-a @-a
0|trll, 0lifEr'+E :allgts +0ll r]l6lq cfllolne
(1) ofr]|tr 3+
=H=?l
+oll^l gqE+= EtfJol 7"lTlrl.
(2)fle 3+
==?.!
+oll^l EolE+= Et*,Jol lolCtrl.
392 394
*N y-r'-3r+4ql d6lt- zl$zlzl zof, zldel ,JC^lg? olil*+ s-2r'-8.r*5i x-aoJ "il
al+# bA ?*+tr+.
a*bA {le?
@ a:rr-I @ s:rr-t
o-z @-1 @0
@ y:zr+f, @ y--zr+l @r @z
@ y:u+f;
tI. sa^lrr+E+l 105

STEP E?}^1E EE6t.- qC AE
1
395 398
olil*+ f(r) -ax'+br*c (a>o)ql ql6|q f(-s) -/(3)ol olil*+ y:rz-Zr-3E r{s +l= S{ol= d Q, b)ll
CBqI+. -s1r<2"J oll, *+ f(r)E alqfir+ al**g Eil6}q 2a'-6+3el al+*g +6}^le-.
4qltr 49 ag? (*, a, b, cE ^Jfol4. )
o f(-1), f(r) @ f(-1), f(-s)
@ /( -5), f(-r) @ f(-5), f(2)
@ f(0), f(2)
399
+ €+ x, y4l q6lq 2r*y-3oJ trll, -1<r<2o11^J
396 ers 2t+u2E 4qrtg M, 4)*<kg mol+ t;l^|. M *m4 ag?
-z<t<3q^J CE€ *i s:-r'-4r*3E 4*{}g M, ora @rs @zz
4*Ag mol4 g trll, M +mg 1k?? @20 @so
o-rr @-z @-a
@r @s
397 400
-2{ r< 3ql^J oli}*+ f (r) - r'-zx+ kE 4**ol 30J ql, ofilolel Alizl -1olr +11d9 alszl (2, k)"J olill}+
L<r<soflrl olzl*+ e@) _ -r,+kr*39 alq<}"+ f(r)zl -21rct"llr.J 4*ft -39 zla q, 4*il9 mol*
41*alE qlg? (+, ftb d+ol+.) 6IzI. k-tm9 Ag +6}^le.
os @s @z
@g @rr
106 +qr(s)
8'JalEol p.77
@ olrlgr+ol rlrtl .rl4ol EJE 403

olit-Et+el ilrll . 4lael gEoll^'l=
z)olzl30oJ e^F= F g+^] ?-l?+ 4*4€g
zfie. 6tL+4
"JE
trll, + ct4€9 ,JolE qlel 4+<le?
(1)EEel Eellel eol, 'J01, FU|E olil+l=
=8, ^11+r
il'I,J !E= fl*,J= ?bl.= Ell ,2
5/5 il
(2) €Sgollî 83011 tH-"f olil'^l= Elfl'J !E= il*'J= o b/5 @
4
^, 25,15
\,3
^1l3r
?dts E8l
tr E+6lflth.
^ ZS,l5
rgz @ 25,15
401
zlH4 fzlol EIE+ zlHql^l &oI ga *9 ra $9 kol
y(m)71 y: -2f +24tt+ 6Jtr+. ol ;tg /-ag 41,
zlB_oE+ylzl* +ol g+rlrll Elq olqlel +ol71 6(m)ol4

a*bA <lg +6}^ls. (*, a, Ds ^J+oltri. ) 40h
7Jol7l20 moJ e"Jg ol+4q rH4 *ol HS$ xll$al {l
Hql a"Jg Eq qg * Hse 6I= zl^l-48 EoJE *tlg
qE+ B trll,
"JE4l E}trl. ol StlE HtqE Holzl al4zt
*tlql sql!= H9 ,JolE P mQlz}?
(+, e"JE +41= +^l"J+. )
EH
Oom @am @10m

402
rB4 zjol ffi-BC:8oJ 44olEBA}4B ABC9+ + Hol @12m @14m
dE AB, BC ?lql ilr t +lldol d+ AC glql il=
zlÎ4B BDEFzI 914. 4^l4B BDEF9I Holel 4qile
FB:a"J ull bolQ. aibg 6[9 +6I^19-.
A
405
8
rF qL EE+e1 ttlB oJt}tr= 2000golr 6I+ oJtl'lg
bgggol+'*4. ol EE+E 1ql'J oJtl.e$ 509 gg ollr}4
6I+ .Je}rl 4 izl10H4 ttt4l t+. ol EE+g 6I+
B'
tl Etlgq + *rll"_qol slEllTI EIE+ aI= rQl'J Eal.E-=?
(+, +eqel +91= flo14. )
o 1e50 @ 2050 @ 2150
@ zzs0 @ 2350
r HJElq+=a] 107
STEP L]|C ddEfil i{lel-= ?l-Lf @@ @@
+tr 01 o &"J8 ?l o ll*g'+el 3J4l

I
^l
|
h09
olilHJa4 r'+3rta-09 + tg -3Htr1"+r +E qI
ltr+ =.E+ 6t= d+ ag tIA H+lE? =g
406
olzl*f a:2x'-Ar*kel :4uzl r++ "J+E + d O a1-+
Îolg @ -4{a{0
44zl +9 rll, ^J+ kE aI+? @a(0 @a)0
c-s @-z @-o @ a) -+
@-s @-a
l+07 urs
olil*+ fG) : r' - (2a * ah) r + (a' + 4k2 + 6h) I :.4 sz}
d+ frE ilql +4l$,ol olt rigl dEt trI, tr-+ a4 Ak*? 410 e=*
oliloJa^] rr-2r+k-t_09 d*ol E+ _18+ Ell,
@+ ra1
o2 @
1
=
2 E.E- C+ kE lkE tlg +61-^ls.
.)
J
@
2
@-+
408
rB4 Aol olil*+ y-f(r)9 :4oz} {C r:24l q6}q
4doll, r44 ^Je += + dq^J "Js+. %r-a^.] 411
al-r.i1'J-E Alizl l.J + olil*+ f(r), s(x)7lL+* aag
.f(sx- 1):09 + *E E-g +6,^le.
,2
"J+^la oil, f$)+g(s)q ftg +6}^le_.
T
u:fQ) ?D f(r)s(r) -ro -9r'+ 4r*L2

G+) tI+ y - f(r)el r4s= r4oll dql+.
108 +q,(d)
8=Jzl Eol p.78
l+12 EEEE-€I hlh rdu 3e5 I
rB4 pol slril-6}E 4l+E €*<tol Ag ^ll olzl*+ olit*+ f(r) -r'+ar+b7l +g adg "J+^lA q, fQ)E
y:f(r), y:g(r), y-h(r)9 :4:Ezl- 91tr1. ,JCAI lIZ? (*, a, rs tl+ol+. )
f(r)*s@)+h(r)-09 r.= qle?
=E (zt) m* - toJ -EE d+ reoil 4aI€ r.ll 4tI %FC^l
I
u--f(t) hG)
!/
f(r):.f(m)g ^ls +E + d=g 4=+.
(.+) olzl%IA 4 t-3r-2-09 F * a, Pql rI6Iq
f(o)+f(B)-5ol+.
-1 e-s @-t @r
o T
@s @s
a--sQ)
Ot @s @s
@z @g
413 E+aEa
rflr+ Bol F B+/( r)-f +ar*b, s@)--r'+cx*dA
:4szI zllr.rl.${qlî dB ull, (trzl)ql^J *g aE}g 9lb
qltr rE a"? (*, a, b, c, dE tfol4. )
,:f(t)
415
+ olil*+ f(r) -r'+zG-I)r*k'-s,
g(r)-r'+3r*ftoll tll6}q *i y:.f(r)9 r4irTl x?4
"J+= d 9 z]]fE a, *f y -s(r )9 :4
ytl ri4 "J+=
v:g(r dg zHfE B4 6IzI. o,+ p,- 5E EJ+^lzlb d+ ftg {}g
+6I^le.
T
H7l
-. (a-c)'>a(b-d)
.. c'> -4b
c. a-c-b+d<2
o --1
@u @-,.
@ L E @ -r, L, E
n Hrx^14+E4l 109
sTEP LllC gtErll i{lc[: ] ','[,r d$ Bg
2
@ oltl'g+ol -ral|=el rldel ?l^l Et4l l+19

olil*+ f(r):r'-Sr-8E r4s7l + *i a, b (a>b)41
1il6 ids 3e5
q6}q
^1tr
+E + d (a, b), (b, a)Z zlt4. I|+
y-f +k9 :4e4 44 y-ar*bzl dE oll, 4+ k4 Ag?
I
olil*+ u:t2-zkt+k'z*4k4 allee+ zl 4. s-ar*bzl

d+ ftel fiql +4l$,ol olt dts u1l, + tr'+ a, b{l ql6}q os @0 @z
a*bA *e? @s @g
o-a @-+ @o
@t @s
420
+ ql+ f(r) - -r'+s, g(r) - -zx*frE rqlsz| {a}s.$
l+17 6I= d+ k4 akg ft,. !e q= + dql^J "J+r olqlel +
olil-,*+ y-r'+2ar*39 r4se+ zl 4. y:Zr-l9
^Jtr
+= + rdg A, B4 g trll, d (r, 1)ol d+ AB +lq ilE+ k,+ k,4 <lg?
6l+ d+ a4 114 H+l= Talrle.
os @0 @z
@s @g
418
44. y:2r*azl olil€:+ s:i'-3r*59 :.4u9* "J+zl
$r., o1z1lJi y-r2-2r-lE r4"e+= ^1tr triE + dql^J t+21 JIEEEE
"JL}E+ 6I= C+ a4 tlli}*?

a|s.€Hql^J 44 a-t7l + olil$+ a: -r2-2r*4,
y--r'-4r-8el rqlFe+ "JLlb q= d9 zllf= fG)4
cr @z @s ^le
@t @s
6tal.. /(/):3€.
"J+^l7lb E= d+ aE qlg 7al^le.
'E
110 +q'(s)
ES4gol p.gg
h22 hlh e!-s urs?

rB4 pol oliloj{ Alitl zt olzl*f y-f(r)9 :4gzl- olil-*+ y-r'+z(k+a)r*a9 :4s
zl r?4 44
r14 F d (a, 0), (p, 0)ql^.i "J+r, 4Ny:g(r)4+ d s-kr*3q t^lql dg oll, d+ kE lkg +6lr r r+Ag
(a, 0), (r, fQ) )ql^l {}Utr}. B-q-6, r-q-4ol-tr ,rlfalr.l9.
I
s(-2):4oJ tr11,
,f( 2.)+s(+)e <feZ
( E, a, I , ri gF tl-+o1l., a ( / < Boltrt. )
CI p t
v--f(t
:gG)
e -to @ -tz @ -ta

@ -to @ -ta
l+23 EFaEB h25

rflr+ Aol olxl*+ y - r'4 r4se+ 44 y - r* kzl "J+= olzl*i y-r'+Zxtr,
C+ frq q6}q F
F dg 7+4 A, Bq 6Ir., d Ae+ d Bql^J r49l ,llfl +del a- -@-3)'+nE:4sgl E^lql d6I= ^JE
+= 4dE
**44 C, D+6|z|. +48 AOCE HolES,, $48 zllizl2"J trll, ol F 4dE zl&zlE BE 4q<ig +6}^le.
DOBE HolE S,+ g 41, S,-S,:14= EI+^l7l='J+ ftE
1k?? (+, o= fldoll, + d A, B= zJzJ tlllÎBE4
x,llzr,l.$s +lql il+. )
y:rl lt
A:rz
DO C x
es @z @g
@tt @ts
r HJB^trt +=+l 111

STEP LllC dtErllillif: | " r,t dEIBE
2
h26 l+29 taEEEEl

oli1q+ f(r)--r2*4r*4ql q6}q i++ tlf /(r)E
?, , 12r*2 (r< r>1)
s@):l'1,'),,1;::l,r a" s-t*,r+= îs +c de I\r ): l r'+4r_ r ( -3, r;
-e<r<
7]l+= h(t)E 6Iz[. h(t)-zE El+^lz]ts E= z[S+ /E tr cE,g trll, (Bzl)ql^l *g a"Jg gl= qltr _aE ag?
<l.q qlg o, h(t):42 "J+^l7l= EE zl$+ /e-l fig qlg H7l
PE B 41, d-49 Ae? -l. '*f y-f(x)9

:4gs+ 44 u-kz| f, Aql^J "J+E+
og @+ @s 6l+ d+ kq <IE H+l= k< -s E= ft> -aol4.
@0 @z .. tlf y:f(r)9 :4gq+ 44.s:x*atl trtE 4l
^JE
aql^J EI+E+ 6l-= d+ a4 akg H+l=
-+{al-tol4.
.. 'Bf y - f(x)9 :4ee+ 4d s: - r*bzl
^ls +E +
dql^J "J+E+ 6l_= d+ DE (le
,o
t: -=f, EED: -4ol+.
@-r @-,. @r,=

@u,r (il-r L
lt
E
427
+Ad9 alszl (0, -2)ol olz|*i y:f(r)9 r4se|
fldg zl+b 4jy:e(r)zl zlllÎEE +19 A (a, z)qlî
Elt+. %r-A^l f(r):s(r)el + *E iITl-6.J trll. ,JC^l
f(r)-09 + E€ +6l.^le.
=E
@ ol^fEl+el rtEtl.rta
430 rdu too I
alr<sq^J *+/( x):-r'+4r-6E alq(lol -3"J trll,
t+28 ,sf a9 lke?

olil*+ f(r):r'-zr-8ql Eilolq 1}f g( r):lf(r)14
oo @r @z
rqse+ 44 y:r-tkzl trI= ql dql^J HILIE+ 6Ib
@s
^ls @a
4+ kq <tE H flzl b<k<qg oil , fqq ttg +6}^le.
112 +Er(d)
8'Jlt 501 p.g2
431 435
alrilo}E Alizl zql olil*f y:f(r)9 r4ee| 4d alriltl;g Alizl lt olilQt+ f?)ql 46Lq
u:g(r)zl F 4 @, .f(o) ), (8, f(B) )ql^l "Jf+. !I+ .f(-s):f(e)"J trll, (trzl)ql^J 8.g 4"J9 glb qlE rE
y-s(r)-f(r)zl a-3ql^l al*il 4= 714 \1, o'+aB+8'4 A*? il
#g +o].^le-. H)l
-. *f f(r)E 4*Agl(3)ol+.
u. 1(r<691^l Q++/(r)9 al*iI4 4+<i9 zli aolQ.
.. f(0)>so1H tI+ y--f(r)A:4sb r=q' "J+^l ?+=+.
@-r @u @-,u
h32 @ -r, = @-r,L.E
olil*+ f (r) - r'+ ar -t btl trl-g I
=Ag EI+^l a /( 3
oil, )
**? (*, a, D= tl+oltrI. )

?D.f(-r)-/(3)
(4)
-2 <-r<zql^l ilf /(r)9 4q*e l2oltrt.
Ot @ 3 :l 5
@z @ 9
r 436 olir*+ f(r) - -2r't 4kr-zk'-r9 =l*<tol

2Sr< 3ql^J
-3ol EIE+ 6Ib E= 4+ kE aE qlg 7alr.le.
433 *.s
olzlulC^l r'+z(k+t)rt(-Zkt;:09 + rJ+g a, B@aB)
+B 4, @-2)(P-2)E +-l+rtg? (+, k= d+ol+.)
oro @n @ra
@r0 @rs
437 H.so
- 1<rS3ollrl *f
h3h EqEEE
y
- (r' - 4r *3 )'- t2(x' - 4r *3) f go
+ olE Ai a, Dql Eilolq olzl*+ f(r)_-r,+ar-bzl
el 4q*g M, 4)*1Ig mol4 6l-z}. M, m9 4k9= 'JzJ
+g adg EI+^la *I. a'+b'\ 4g Talrle. +6Ir r 4Cg ^J+6I^ls-.
eD ++ v -.f(r)9 :4gE r4o1 dql+.
$) -a<r{agl^J .fQ)E al+ftg -4501+
r 88^lrl+#l 113
STEP LllC gEEr1l x{li}: : ','[,r d+ 8A
?
438 u*s? l+lfi .aq3EE

rB+ pol olz|$f a:r2-5r-6E r4szl y!$ "J+b olit*+ f(r)zl +g aag HI+^la ql, fG)E *e?
dg A4 6l-tr, r=* "J+= + eg zJzJ B, C+ 6lz}.
d P( a, b)7I d Aql^l olzlQ}fE r4s= tr}4 ADf(-1):,f(3)
=96I{
rq9 oJE ,J6Je_s olf6}q 4 Cttzl +{9g "L (+)/(-t)+l/(2)l:o
a'+4b-1el 4EAl4 4+{tg +6tr r 4Cg,tl$a}.rle.
(E+)
-21r1z"ll,rl *i fQ)9 al*<to1 -z0ol4
!/ tr -St-6 O-a @-a @-s
@ -ro @ -rz
l+hl
olil*+ y: f(r)zl r1g ad9 EI+^lA+.
(zI) EE df r9l ql6}q fQ- x) - f(2*r)o1r1.

439 u=s tEe.aEB
(+) olil$+ y:.f(r)9 :4Ee+ {d y-4r-1ol s! qI
olil*+ f(r)71 c++ z.4g "J+^la+. dql^J "J*+.
H) 1<r<4oJ trll, +I+/(r)9 al4ft9 5011, 4+{}g
_ 301+.
?D f(-r):7
r+) EE df r"il q6}q f@)<f(-1)ol+.
*i y:f(r)9 :4se+ zlC s-3ol "J+= + d9 rslss
d+ /ql '}l6}q t<r<t+2ql^J *i f@)E al+(t9g(/)4 zJzJ o,6+ g u4, ar*BrE {lg?
6IzI. gr-+ s(t)E al{atol 4oJ trll , .f(-s)el ?itg? os @ro @rs
@ -sz (?)
-3e (D
-ar @zo @ zs
(D -43 or -45
1 14 +-qt(s)
8=Jll *ol p.85
@ otr[*sliol rlEll .rlael gt 444

rB4 pol AB-3, BC-s.J zlrl-48 ABCDqI^J
ap:BQ:cR:DSE oJ+^JzlE ull d p, Q, n, S= 44
4h2
++r+ ?ol {r}4$ E*E 60lz} ?lcl-. ol +olel ql qAd dts AB, BC, CD, DA +]qI Sg trI], PQRSE HoI9
^l"48 I
+Bql 6J HE z)olzl 2of, gxlzJ$ E"Jg g*q q Bg +EE 4l*rtg?
Eellel z)olzl4001fl.+. tsg +!o19 Holel 4lE#g? A
5
I)
P
R
I" C
a
@t @s @g
c 68 @zz @zo @to @rr
@ 80 @sa
hh5
rB4 *ol aJ Eq eolzl 4o1CS4B ABCE E BC +lE
4l+3 er* rdu 402 s4oli d Pql q6lq AP'z+BP'E 4l+{}g?
rflr+ *ol "JHe-l aole+ kolzl E+ 8oJ olf{t4Bol ll4.
A
ol olEHt4BE EE 9ql t Eol glr, ol olFBt4€ql
4d6l-= zlÎ489 'Jol9 4lq{tg +6l.^le.
C
8 P
27 29
o 2
@t+ @
2
u
@ts ^31
v2
tt. HJE^lrt +E4t 1 15

STEP Lllc gtErlli{lE}= ?l"J cE}f;'E
?
[h6 du ros i 448 Eqam

Azlgql^j zltggl *ul] +"+ol roo"J flol ue+g goo4 Folilq++ f(r): r'-24 s(r): -2rz l57I 91trI. rHrl
$ullaffll, olfl B+El= 7l4g +q^l Srllo}Tle 6}fltrI. ?ol til d A( a, .f(a)), B( o, g(a)), C(-a, g(-a)),
r.tr+E Sull #9ol t %4 +71r$ ollolrl Soll 4ib 2q4 D(-a, f(-a))E +lld o E 6}.* 4Î4B ABCDq Eellel
zSrtlu|. olH B t E+el *q] #9ol zltB9 Srl AEtr+ z)olzl al4zt EIE+ aLE a9 #g? (t, O< a<2o]|4.)
a % #zl1+_ trll. + B E?I + +ol] +Eol &EI gsE al4z} .f(x) -7
gr+r 6Jq. +q ilg +6l.^le. /
a
o a
nI
r) 2r2*5
o+ @+ @t
@+ ^5
tug
l+l+7 EqSEE
rflq ?ol F 44. y:r*4, a: -2r*t4 ri9E EBl,Rtq_l
+Eql zlÎ4Bol ?ItrI. ol 4Î4BE + H9 r4 flql ilr,
+ +l.dg 44 + 4N.v-r*A,a:-2r*z ?l9l 9ig Ell,
ol zlÎ489 H"lel alEAg?
:tl4 hl+ger*
rB4 *ol tgol 14 +lql 9la, + +,tdol olz|$f
: -2t*7 y--12+8r9 :4s +lql gl= 4Î4B ABCDe-l EqlE
2ol9 4qile?
o T y: -12 +8t
a.)
7l
o 8
@g
/J
8
.-l
J/
-
75
@ @
4 8
BC
o 30 @sz @ga
@ 36 @sa
116 +er(8)
8=Jal Eol p.87
450 451
olil*+ s-f +3el r4g +lE d r4gl 6J p( a, b)glrJ re4 4ol zlEql +zloJ HsE zI= BHE +ol 4 m. +ol7}
€flrJ {dg rq N y:r* 14 "J+= dg 0+ 6IzI.
zl 2 moJ s$d .E-olt ulpa|.4_.<7} gltr, ol tflol zlHr+
Pqg al*alol moJ 4... atbtmg lk3? EI+= + + E dql^l 1 m Bol+l zldoll tolTt 8 moJ I
zle5o1 €il5lq gl+. 7ltrF EHg ulpal"$^ HIEIE
!/ t213
a +1 zlflq BE+ ule Hol ulpa[$] 4 zl* tlul& 4 4 ql
HI+E+ g zleSog+q gq{
^lEql +g Hol
trll,
P
A ?-l=?
(t, zleE EHq #zlE -7,<lal.r., 4?-19 ++l= mol4. )
9 11 13
o 2
:l
2
@
2
tt m
15 t7
@ @ ,2
2
1 4m
z(,ltg+s) 2(,ln+3)
e 3
@
3
z(,lE+s) 3(ne+3)
@ @
3 4
3(ET+3)
@
4
r ss^lrt +#t 117

STEP Llltl fdE{l i{lgl":i ?lpr Cst f,E
2
.ATlElE Eol EE+ golszl
oli},*+ f(r)
-r'+ar*bzl +€. aag "J+^la ull, 3)el ilg? (+, a, bY tfol4. )
trt
;.zJ r tl
?t) f(- 1)
-/(g )
d7;!(.2j
Gt) -21x12q1^l QI+ r)9 al4*9 l2oltrl.
IA|il
et :l 5 @z 59
BE03 olllEr+"| tlct| rl4 432
ATlEl schema
'.:r;,
rol{! 6= 9[9g[7="1E fr= +re]rt? ol # olgxl E=arp
-
.rar
1
IA (it)0llA1 0lilEt+ u:f(x)9

O f(r) -t+ar*b f(r):t'-2t*b l4u7l xlC r- loll tllolG
rfllolo e +IIEE zElETl 10ltl.
(2)f(-r)-/(3) + !z-r
@ r.Zlo+ a- -zola-,
.f (r): r'-2r* bolcl.
@ -2<r<2ql^J
al4<i9 tz
EXt
olttfl, IA tq0l,\l -2<r<24

C f(r) -r'+ar*b f(t):r'-2r*b H?loil^1 6J# f?)g A.l'Je
120ltl.
@ tzsf(-r)-f(s)
-
ftr-L u--f(t) d# s: f(r)el *01 r:101-tr
+rl rl gal .golTl Eoil l ErfJol
@ -21r<2ql^l
=l4rt9 tz
+ f(-z):rz *lflrJP f( -z):12olrl.
'2 2
E4t
f(-z):(-z)'-zx(-z)+b
@ f(r)-r'*ar-fb f(r) -r'-2r-fb _tz
0loe b:4olLl.
@ b:4 qal^l .f( r) r' -zt+ 4ol=e
-
f(s):3'-2x3* 4:7
@ -2<r<zql^l
f(-z):t2
J
alqaig tz I
t
E f(zlE {t e@
1 18 +qt(d)
STEP qtc ilg+|fl zotzl= el-zf €)@@@ @@ 8'Jll p.88
=ol
l+52 h5l+
0(r<zoll,rJ olil*f f(r)-(r-a)'+bE
al*<iol sg 41, olil*+ y_f(r)9 :.4ezl. r44 "J+= += + d
^Js
F d+ a, b{l45|q (trzl)ql^l *.g A"Jg gl= Elltr rE Îolel A4zl *C E:f@)* 44.
a, y:2E
^JE += +
AZ? -ne
Îol
9 44zl a*4, 14 y:f(r)q zlC y-6E ^Jtr II
H7l
trI= F -il.d
Îol
I 44zl af 8014. 14 y:f(r)e| zld
1
y-mol q} dql^J Elg oll, *i m9 lbz?
-. a:ioJ 4, 6:3014. (t, aE t4ol4. )
w. a) 2"J rl], b- -a'*4a-lol4 /n-1
\y-g /6\-1
\0-4 /6\-3
\!r-g
c. a*b44*rte ?qq. ,^ 5
\y-Z
c\-L U-g
@-r @ -r, u @r,=
@u,= (Or L E
453
olil*+ y-r'+Zar*a2- 12el :.z11ue+ zl 4. y:Zr-nol
q= + dql^l "JLIE+ aI* z}€f nA 4li$ f|)fi
^le
cel6}z}. (trzl)ql^J *g a"Jg gl= Elltr rE ag?
(t. aE dfolcl. )
H)l
-, .
.f(2):8
.. df rr, r,4l Eilu}q r,(zrolE .f@,)>.f(rr)ol4
=. .f(0) +/( L) + f(2) +... + f(100 ) -42
@-r @r @-,.
@-,= @.,=
rr gE^{rr +#t 119

STEP Lllt! El89{fl E6l7l= gzf AZUE 8g
3
455 456
olil*+ f (x) - ax'+ br * czl trl€- eag EI+^l A q, olzlolel Alizl roJ olil*i y:f(r)9 :4se| 4d
(trzl)ql^l *e a"Jg 9l= qle rg ag? y:kr*sg+9
^ls 4e +
f,d9 ralsE zJzJ o, B+ B trll,
(*, a, b, cY d+oltrt. ) *i y:f(r)9 :zflyz| +g aAg EI+^lAq.
(,I)6J+ a:f(r)9 :4Etl r+4 EI+= d9 rals9 #ol oI) +lldol z.lC y:kt +lql 9l+.
ool4. ('+) zrc ,-l(,+o-])er ql6lq 4?ot4.
(.0
,r( - 2) + f (2) <o
GD -Z(r,( /.12ol4 f(a)> f(r,)o14.
I a - 0l E ilg? ( +, fr= tfol4. )
H7l
I -,..f(1)<o Os @+ @a
u. b<4a @+ @s
=. *c4 fG)-09 +=9 t}e -48+ a\q?Jul.
(r) -r @c @-,.
i.1 ) t-, I: @-r,L,E
h57
=l-r.zya}g Alizl -toJ
olil*+ y:f(r)9 :4s7I + e
A(3, 0), B(ft, 0)g zlU4. olitd'+ s:f(r)9 :4I9
q4dg c, d B= zlLlr zld ACql €B"J zldol olzl€.+
y:f(r)E r4ge+ "J+E 4 + Bzf olg d€. D, A Dql^J
r4oll 'llfl +dE tsg EBI 6tz}. ;$4B AEDeI 'dol71 12oJ
.ll, .,J48 ADBE 'JolE Talrle.
(+' ft* 3tr+ t zl€+oltrl. )
o x
v--f(r)
I)
120 ++(8)
E'Jl] Eol p.89
458 460 ;r.9.i{t

45 OU6
{tl cu 628,429
olÎ*+ y-r29 r4se+ 44.y-nz9 rd + gdol olU + olilQl+ f(r):z'-2r-t, g(r)--r'+3ql Eil6}q !}+
dg A, olzlel+ y-fq r4se+ 44.s:(n*2)e9 nd h(x)Z
+ gdol ol{ dg B+ 6].zI. r*4€ OABE $oJzJ-80o1 h(r)
f(x) @a- 1 E= r>2) I
qE+ 6l-b oJ+ n4 1I& 7o}.<le. (+, O= gdol+. ) - sO)(-t<r{z)
4 6IzI. 4N u:kr*4e| 6J+ y-h(r)9 :4Pzl- ^Je trlE
^-il
dq^l "J+E+ 6I= _EE d+ kE lkE E€ +61-^le_.
t+59 l+61 :? o i{tfltH

.4touo du 411
olil*+ f(r)7} trlg zdg qI+^lA+. + olilq}+ f(r), g(r)E 4€. eag E}+^lAq.
aD f(r)-f(-r-a) ?b f?)s(x)-(t-4)(f -rc)
0D oJEq
^Jtr +e +
df r,, r,4 4rl€ t+) f(a):f(a*6)-0?I 4i atl =^ll6J+.
M+run.fe+r)",o
(trzl)ql^l *g a"Jg 9l= qltr r= ag?
H)l
trlg + *zl e*3 a+?
-. f(2):09 41, s(a)-6o14.
O B+ y:f(r)9 :4sb +ls E.+6l.+. ..s( -2)>oolB -3<x<3ql^J B+/(r)9 al*rtg
@ f(r)Y r- -2ql^J 4q#g *=+.
{++
/(3 )o14.
@ f(-3)> f(0) >/( -5) .. roll Eilql rl{^l .f(t)-s@) -0ol
^Js += + C+
@ HJCÎ f(t) -oE + tlg -2oltrl. m, n& *gtr. 7ia q, lm*nl :7014.
=E
@ - 4<r/-2q^l i++/(r)9 4*<19 €zlalzl *=trt.
@r @ -.,, . @-,=
@u,r @ -r, L, E
il. HJE^l"l +=l 121

STEP Lllt! ll8+{E E6l7l= ?|il tlzUE 8E
3
t+52 h6l+ :r.g.fltHt{

4tou6
-21r<ZoJ rll, olil1++ f(r):ar'-Zafu*3E 4l+ilol + olil*+ f(t) - - r'+Zar, g(r):x'-6ar*bzl r4-o-
-571
qE+ 6l^= c+ a, b4 +^Jt} (a, b)9 zl]fE Talrle. adg "J+^lA+.
0D f(r) -g(r)E
%[A^] tr]= + d= o, BE *=+.
^1tr
1-11 B-a-4
(trzl)ql^l *g a"Jg 9l= 4tr r= ag?
(*, a,6g rlfol4. )
H7l
1. a:loJ trll. 6:0014.

-. fG)-s@)<f(a1-g3a)
.. .f(o) -g(B) *tOa'-rolE a*b:26o14.
@-r @ -,. @r,=

@.,= @-r,L,E
463
Alizl 4zl t, a.J F olil*+ s-.f(t),
al_r.i1"3e1
y-s(r)4 'Jill++ y-h(r)zl49 adg q}+^l{tr}.
(rI) y-h(x)Y + oliltl+ y:f(r), y:g(r)9 :494
zlC
4?+* dql^J "Jt+.
GD E= df rs+ *i n G>o)ql ql6l.q
f(r) - f(k) > h(r) - h(k) ,
s@) - s(2h) > h(r) - h(zP)zl C Bt4.

141 + olit$+ y-f(r), y-s(r)9 :eiloz}
"J+= + Ael
ralgi. 4zJ 1o, (a( t )o14.
f(2) -s(z)E #g Talrle.
122 +q<E>
ESat Eol p.92
465 rdutso l+66 A{6fi
rB4 Aol F "lzl$+ y- -Zr2t2r*84 s:r'-4r*24 rH4 alol F H AD, BCzl ^Js €68qI Î+p-lE ABCDzI
:.;flszl. "J+= + d A. Bel ,4sE 7J4 q, B4 B 41, y+oll gl+. AD:2, BC:loolr d Aql^l E BCql qfl +dE
€qEI zlCol a{r--pql^l F olit*+9 :4e4 "JL}: dg Sg A'ol+ 6J Ql, AT-sol+. d+ BC +lql 6J Hol gia, I
7+7+ C, D4 6IzI. ADBCE Hol9 4qilg &+ B trll,
Î4B + q{d ol 47+ + H AB, DC 9oll €4lalb zl^l"4$e-l
k,4 Akg +6t^le. Hol9 3lEilol s"J trll, 8sel ilg +6I^le_.
2-
C
u:12 -4r*2
C
"'--. A
10-
u-- 2t2l2r*8
rr. H'E^lrt +=^t 123

q4 7vl u8^l4+E+.!
lolE qE LilE
. Et=51 541 t +g,ri-m e+€sn . alil . ll.il.HJE^lsl E0l @ .g&.^frttt6^letEol
Q) a2-b?-(a*b)(a-b) (1) oJ++6il +^]9 olf-oJ $ol
(z) a3 * b, : ( a + b) ( a, + ab + b, ) oJ++6ll *!g ol+6lq zI++ ,$iI%Id^lI+
^til%IC^lg +trI.
$) a3 * za'b + 3ab' + b' - ( a + b)' q, HIAÎ r'+1:0oll^J 4IEg o3agflolE @fi tJg^{.r.:*19
(r*1)(r'-r*1):0 al3qdE
r*l-0 EE. x'-rlL-}
.'. r--t Ets
+L_@r_
t!!5i
z
. ?l+gale[ aaJr{lEg olEil ?]+-=6]l (2) oJ+CEe+ aB4lHg ol*e} *ol
oJ++6ll +|-^lg ol+6rq at6l
"JfBollzl-gzl *= a+ql=
ti trrg{_o3 E+Esttl
(1) +6J^l P(r)ql4 P(a):09 .J+e?-le+ aBzllHg ol+4q .J+E6llt + %Ic^lg +4.
"J+^lzlb aZ *Etr|.
(2) efl{l$g ol86}q P(r)E t-aa
++fl9 trlE + Q(r)E +qI +
P(r) -(r-a)8(r)tr ++U+.
(3) 7l+6J r.Jvl7l (1). (2)el 4Ag HI+qI+.
. EIII+7[ EaJoFtt*E^]
'27119-].
i @ Etrl+7l27l|?.!oJaJotrl'"J8^l
. EIII+7[ 27ll! EBgittSE^l fae r ( "Jil-al ):0 __ @ Bd^lelgt
7l*Hol+ rlloJBg ol+6lq F zH9 t (olzfll):0
* "
El al+ + + z}|9 olzl+,Jg EqI6I= .Jzl-rJc^lg tI trlzl+ql +61-0l +_r.
.JiI*C^lg "lag olil-HJa^lq El]E6Iq
"JEq ++. ulxlfz| 17HoJ olzlHJe^lee "JEq^J ++.
(olilrl)-6
(2)
(olilal) sql a+
-6
qL olxl%r-c^lg .J++6il6}q Eg + "JilHlc^lg Bg trl-= olil%r-a^l!+
44 eB6Iq ++.
t*u ",-a
. olilHJE^lel g4l (3)l t
rty-0
gEHBq=a+
=ul.4l+el 01 E^+st oliEld^l
++ o, B€ a}-r. r'z9 4;;zi toJ

a, b€ ol*6}q z, s= tee *L olrl$C^lg "JEq +4.
=str
"lilHJA^lg
t- (o* B)r*aB -0
. +8rJ8Al @ +B"JE^|
allz| $fal *g %Ic4g +crlc^lol4 +4. +s. %1449 4lizl
ulzlf9 ,ll+B+ zJg qlqlb r ++61 y+ot^l r +g CE+ + fltrI.
=ol q zlzl
oltrll.+C =dol +71r4H ++61 *e * + CB€4.
(1) c+ eaol +q4r a+
("Jil^l) x (.Jzlrl): (Cf ) gtr HB++.
. o lilHJ8llel €=al. -=1= 01 q^+et olit'*44.1 (2) d+ aaol +q{ a+
oliloJc^lol d+g 714 3ae sB4 (D A'+B':o gg HB6I4 e:0, B:o'Jg ol+*tr[.
D > 001+. @ d+ al+el olilrJa^lol €=g TlzlH *E4 D>OoJg ol+++.
1211t +4
lolE AE LilE
. gil+E l e2 -. Galol+lri-=J\l
l-: u E^!To -
EaJgil.+E+.|
1. Elxl+7|' 17]|?.! @ Elxl+7t 171|fl E.Jg^l+E^l II
F zH ol^Jel +E{g + tlstr +q^l +ElU ag €B+E^lol{ 4q.
.JiI+E4 o-tr ol+qd €B+F^]g 9Bgil-+E^lol4 +trI.
r (gilrl)<0 __
. Elrl+7[ 27]loJ EaJgitr*8^l 82 rtr
[ ,gru )< o
E"J a+
A: B:C g'J a+
r A:B Er- It A:B E_r- A:C 4 "JiI+F4g EI+^lzlE *F++g ++4.
I A<B<C E"J A+
I B-c -- [ A-c --
(zt
B:C
gtr. HB6Iq Eq. r
II _
.
AlB g-e EB6Iq (1)r+ Aol ++.
B<C
. Efl'J lrl9 9o! @ z. tr'A'JZ set-d gil'+#l @ +E^lel 7lE cEq Efl'JE sgtt gtt+5^l
19 €** lrli +4d 9E gd!+ d+ a ) 0oJ 41,
r rlolel afl= 9olilJ4. (1) lu l(aol4. -a4-x{a
( r (r>0) r)a
lrl:l | (r<o) (z) lrl)aolg r( -a EY
-a
.oli[# 14 EaJolil+€ l
. olilg+ol leflEelr{el +lil Et4l 1. olil.+E+laf oliffit+el gzl @ ol^f+E^lelgol
02 olil€I8^l1t olila olil*+ a - ar'+ br * c4 refl F zl. r44 "Jq= d 9 ralsE
olil*+ y - ax'+ br* c (a> 0 )q :149e+ o, B(q< 0 )4 dl-r. olzl-oJ{ 4 at+br*c-09 SE^lg Dq 6lE
r+q +lil +41= +€'I+ ,Jol olzl,JA^l olil+E^lel 6ll}. +94 g+. (t, a)0)
ar' + bx+c:09 +B4 D:b' - 4ac\
D>0 D:0 D<0
+Eql q+ ec€+.
D>0 D:0 D<0 il# y:ai+b*cA
=4r d
\-/-n \/' ----------------
.T
a 0 T
at+fu+c>04i;ll r{a EE r) B t*aoJ EE d+ e= d#

rfE.
at+bz+c>oA?;ll r<a E? t> I OE: A],\ 1.4,
at+br+c<o96jl a1t18 fltr|'. fltrt.

af +tu+c<o46ll a<r<B T:Q g,rt.
z. E=Jolif+#] @ EHoltl-+E^.lqEol
€=J+E^]ql^l zl+71 zl* +g +F^.lol oli}$$^JoJ oll, olag

€Bolal-+5.^lol+ ++.
EEIE +E^lelgE
il. B8^trr +E4 125

STEP EEI^1EdEa;5 @@ e@
@ f&.^lttHJ8^lel Eol h70

Ar.^tEIg^l E= /.li lHJtr^lot 111 r"ll 4f,
ÎiI%LC
4 xn+ar'+bxr+cr*d:04 + L-i,
gffio|] B^l E= oJ+!fl$ IHXIH= E6[Q gtr^lel
=ol
,,y r+,|-zoJ tril, ql +?-l+ a, b, c, dq * abcdg {}g?
=€
+a|.=
=xil
(t, i-l- tolt*. ,
rzr#xl€i8^lst trZl= gE6t.= E4
=rl.Al+el
lsrE+#9 €EE ol8olG gE6lts Ell o-ao @-to @o
E E+6l.Htf. =ajl=E @+o @eo
l+67
cli}rJa^l r'+8-091 ql6J €Ee_e. (_H_zl)gl^J 8,g a"Jg
9lE qltr r= ag?
H7l
r. €33 r- -zol4.
.. +tf H+l"ll^J ,H+E sol4.
=q
=. el39 ilg -zol4.
@-r @u @r,u h71
@ -r, c @-r,L,E rn-Zx3-r*2:09 + E=g q, 84 g trll,
^li}%r-C4
(a- 8)'E {tg +6}^le-.
468
,JiI%IC^l r'+ sr'*10r*6-09 + 6l+9 o, 84 g trll,
o,+ 8,4 Alg +6}^ls_.
h72
ÎilHJA4
r(r*1)(r+z)(r*s)-ts-0E 6J al39 ar4
e+ ql , a'+BoA AI€;?
c-s @-s @-r

h69 @r @s
^l-7IoJ{4l
rn+Zx"-r'-Zr-3:09 Lll +g o, B, z. 64 B
oll, (z
- q) (z- B) Q- y) (z-d) E rt€?
Otz @ts @ts
@zt @z+
126 +4
EB4Eol p.95
t+73 h76
^tiI%IC
4 rn-16z2*36:09 dt + 7l* = #E M, zy4 d+ ftql q61q $i1%l44 f +kr-2:0ol # a* E trIs
zlg +E mol* g oll, M-mA 1k9;? d+ pE 7Ie ql, k*q* 89 <19-?
o 1+'m @2+,n @ *2fi o-L @-2 @-g I
@ z+zl7 @ t+z,F @-t @-s
477 rls 1
h7h
r9l 46J ÎilHlA 4 i'-4r''-r'+t6r-a:04 eI *ol -Zs) +€- E+ql B.6l^le.
trll, +"lzl #e?
^ll =E (t) o'+ B'+r'9 atg +6r^19.
c0 (z)g qil10 (z) a'zB'za P'T'+T'o'4 *g +6I^19.
@ tz (s) 14
tilg
+ d+ r, y4l rH4q r'-2-,f-s, a3:2+/5"J 41. r*y9
h75 TLOr)
IAE I
.gitr34 r'+ zkr' + ( k' + 2k - L) r * k' -0ol 6J rll E €=4
^l
F z}|9 6l+9 7*E+ 6Ib d+ kq lIE HflE 7alr,le. er @z @s
@+ @s
il. Ba^lrt'++t 127

STEP 1 Ejrt^1E dq"ll tlc 8E
h79 481
olilHJc4 r,+(k'-4k,+k+6)r-k_OE + aEilg SiIrlA^l r,- 1:09 + 6l+9 @E B trll,
ztt f,gzt =ol
trll, EE d+ eE *E qle? au + + cot + co'+ aq 1[g?
^Jtr Hlr-llg
con
es @t cDs o-z @-r @o

@0 @z @r @z
480
olo-foai\ t+82
/
I
t{
f -gr2+4r-2:09 EI 6l=9 aq B trll,

\z) silrlc4 f -r-Oel 6l*9 14 B trll, +* +
6J
#g? (8, aE a9 d4l4a+olr, ;-/-tolc[. ) atn+za'-za2l2a*1el *4 Ag fig?

e+ @s @r0
(t. .r,,= ar9 €4144+oltrI.)
@sz (D0+
e 5
(t)
,,^
(4 -5a lU 5a
@ t+co
,^--
tU 5a'
@ stFJE^l n3: +1ol dl=ol CE

,gil'J841
"t''+ t:09 .=l=g dtr= olE6l'G
Ir I E^#ol TlErjlE€ gE6l.=
(2) 0li1€1841 r'+r* 1:ggll1i
=Il Zl+el gzl= gE6lE i 483
gxll =rl +iIrJC! r,+1:09 + 6l+9 14 6J oll.
r,f +ro'+ru+o'*r'09 ilg? (+, A= ar9 €4lt^+ol+.)
tr E+6ffitf.
@-z @-1 @0
E@ . @t @z
,JtrAl r':19 -d 61=E aral E rfl
(t ) al3- l, to" : {t)" "' (n? rlE+)
(z) a'zl.tolt:0, r:-f*EL

2
TtdaJErtrl.
,JE^l t': - 19 et 6j=E raa[ g rll
(1) to3: -1, a6:L, (on:(D"+u (n? XIE+)
(2) coz-co*t:O, r-EP2
7l'dHEltl.
128 +-*(8)
d'Jll Eol p.96
48h u.s h87 EriEs

tzloJC^l r'+1:09 qI fltg c,lz} El oll. (Bzl)ql^l *g S B olaloJ{
^l
49 zllfE? (+. coY aA aell+d+oltrI. ) I r'-3ry-4a'-o
H7l
I r''+2y'-lg I
--'t,(oe- .. to--co'+l
el 61= r-q, y:84 g "ll , q*Bq 4)q#g?
-l
f+l-r
E'@ -,)
e a--a:\ 0/6 @s @4/6
a
@s @2,/6
n. (1-oa)(1-ar)-1 11
H' ---i-*----::_
l*a ' l*a I
@z @g @a
@s @o
*E 03 E I
xl+7 I 27HA E -J o xl-?lE
I
^l 488
F EBa|G olil€lE^l= E0l6l.= Enlts cdal H]-z-l
Jtloo--l l
^lg (Bil^l):o
(1)lr
- : r*y-2
t ( 0lif^l):0 =
t'+y'- o
1(olil'Al)-g
(2) I ' E oJE 4i a4 4+rtg +6t^le_.
(olxFl)_s
r
7I d+g
'*E+ 6I=
t t*u-a
(3) I E
I xu:b
E. E+6lHtl.
485
od FJti}il ,(l
rltloo-
I
r*29 -3
I t'* ty*y2:3
9 allzl r-d, y-PoJ 4, o'+B'E z)*<kg +6I^19-. 489
sB%IA^l
I r*y
-2k+8
I ry:
-2k
7I d+g 44 g:s+ 6I= 4+ eE 4lqrtr+ 3l*aLg zJzJ M,
mol* B trll, Mmg Ag +ti}^ls.
486 Er=s
od aHI-z-l ,,.l
urJo o-
t'- y' -o
x'+2y'-ty-8-o
E 6}]E E+ +6}^le.
r. BJ8^{4 +#t 129

STEP Ert^18 d+,,ll r4c aE
E$@'JE^lqEJE h93
ulx{ 7IE, zlzq 10, 6oJ zlÎ4B EoJE e+ Lll
^llE9 2olzl
O O-!-l
lol E}.g_e.
=c>L
(1) EEel e0l, H0l, +tr|= 0l86|.q 'J8^]= +lFolE + EE z)olzl r (r{3)oJ A^t4Bes g+rllq
=8, =Bllel
*.,= *qzl-24?l 4+E4l E.Jg +4ol H= *zl-= EISqr *+.
^11+r == =xll
rzr€889 Afgoil 116|$ U!^l= IE 7l-bq} EE 19 *E qle?
E E+6ffrtl'.
^11+r =-* =xll
@z @o @5-,/6'
@s+re' @a
490
qL r5trIj/ Foi4 4 r. z,3olLJ trI^J +e+ +flB edol
+f-4 gg q. ol $o}?-lel lqLJ q^J += 7alr,le.
?D r, 2,3+LJ q^J +E Eol zl0ol+.

(+) 2olLJ oI^J += IoI'J trl^J + _Er+ t E 41, 3trILJ ol^J +
tr+ 1g B+.
491
rgr+ 4.ol E4l9 7Jol7l3ool-tr, zA: zC:90"?_l
h9h
^l-48
ABCDz| !ir+. AD:7,p;C:3oJ trll, ABCDE HolE rflr+ ?ol 44d9 ?ol ,f *moJ {Î4B E.Jq *g"il
Î4B
+6I^le. r m 7J4& +r gqflTl tr^lqq fl+r 6Jq. *Bg
.) Eqr+r 9lE zl^l-48 EoJE gEI?-l E z)olzl15 moltr,
I] *gE TIEel ,Jolq ^-llsE 2ol5 4?J a(m), D(m)4 g oll,
a*2b4 {lg +6}^le. (t, o <b<aol4.)

n'l
1
A I) 5
7 2
492
c+Eill Ae+ EE9 z}trq ^llsE z)olzl44 A+Ei{ AE
o3 e,rl4g zJolHtrl"2"JE4 trl etr. +ol= lr,Jt q sg
zl+Eill B7I ?l+. zl+Hill BE +iilzl A+ts4l AE +4el

zulloJ trll, c+Eill Aq 6-J E^J49 ,JolE +6I^le.
130 +-q(8)
E'Jll Eol p.98
EE@ +E"JEÎ h97

(^lel 7l|+)< (rlrl+el 7}|+)?.! 3+ + tI+ a, b (a<b)ql Eil4q +F4 lt-al!lr-blE 6ll=
=r110il^l
rrt E# !E=xlE+ IZ= + Erll +61^ls_.
rztt# aZE +
e E+6lfitl. =rll I
Pg 6ilIE TIP
+clTl tl-d^l= EagaflaE 8+ !E= x|E+q E=ee LEfLHol

d+E 8lE6fE Bd oe.c; a7lLl eq= aE
=0l6l7lLl
olE6l.o{ + 9t= e?7t ".Jtl.
=olg
495
zlg+ zoll 4aI€ rgl 46J
Îilo}{^l
xo +3kt+2kr-2".3-0E el 7ol kzl qE+ 6l-= c+ ftE
il9 -sr+ +61-^ls-. : 498
; +F{ lar-bl <3el 6|]zI - t1r<29 trll, F oJ9 df a,
i bq ql6lq a-bE 1k2?
O-z @-t @o
@t @z
@ +E^let 7tE €Ert E.rzIE EEtel g^t.+E^l

+#l9 7lE dtrE gr8o-171l|.trfl,J )lA= E-Er'Et
gil+E+l= E+6fHrl.
=o16l.= =xllE
EEF]FE]ID
++lel 7lE dE3 trl8"l eq.
(1) a) b. b> col a) c
Q) a)00fl^1 gEoll?42+ gg !€ rl6lzLl ull+olE +#l0l
$) a)D0ll^'l
gEoll 44 ?J? g+= EolZLl ulholE +Ea gAFol Hl+lxl
t+99
?Jtstrt. 4 ac> br,*rf; <r>ol
+F4 lr* 1I r lz-2 I < e= "J+^lrlb c+ 19 z}lfE?
gEoll
44'J? E+E EalZLl Ll+E +EE'Jgol Hlfltrl.
cs @0 (D7
Q ac{bc.,CL<L (rao\ C @s @g
tr.I,J= sBt-d gil+#13 trfl,J 7lE P_tE 001 E q=
^l0l
z|Eqe Efl= Ll+ol +#lE -dtrL
=0l6lE=
t$6
+€.^l I gr- r | < sE "J+^l7lE C+ 19 zl]fE +6}^le_. i
ll HJE^lrt++t 131
STEP E3t^lf $5!c,[i- qc aE
1
500 502
"JEel ^ll d+ a, b, cqll'il6}q (_H_zl)oll,rl *'g a"Jg il= €B+54 -15< 2r-3<r*89 dlzl p<r(qolr1. 0+q4
{lg +6}^le-.
H7l
-. alDolE a*c1D*col4.
t. ab*oola-, a{bolE *r*qq.
.. a'<D'ol$ a<bol4.
@-r @u @ -r, .
@-r,r 6t-r tt
L E
@ oltl+E^lel Eol
0lxl+Ellel
=01=
(1) rallselr4 lEts 4cel +l^l trzlB
0lil.Et+e.l
olil+.E+l= Ertl
=oldlts 0lil-Bl+e.l rat|Eelll4
(2) 0lif+E4.lsl 6ll= IEE 4ldel
g8dE =6]|
+lil trZl= Efil
E E+dffltrl.
@ olxl+71 1711?! E=Jgtl+E^l 503

4* + olz}.+E^lel 6]|= 8* +t /.e?
F g^l+#lel "-H=
z1z1]ala_ g.E#= *0|'=0161.= Eril=
E+6lfitf. @ tr+ r*S>gel 6]] : EE d+
@ r'+Zr-B<ge-l 6}] : - 4<-112
EEEIEIilIT @ r'+6r+10<Oel 6ll : 61lb fl+.
+4C= olEolG 85# *eE Eal6ltl. @ -r'+4r-4<og o\: r-2
r -1(r(5
- ?+?:E
qt, EaJF#.| [ _r.
< 40ll,\l "Jit+#]e-l 6ll= @ 3r'_ r_z>oel 61 1 r1-? r)t
El€r.l
"=
+sldoll L|EILHE
'Jrl.
-3 -1 45
lzloe E=Jgit++l9 6[l= - l sr( 40ltf.
E-d rUE Egoll^l trfl'J cF= 7l?4 7l17l tr-Br'E ++14
E-srEol + 9loLl #61 EaJaEE elcf.
=ll=
504
501 olil+F4 6f -ar*6<0E 6irl -+(r(*g q, + ^J+
r 4(-116
€B+54 It - E E}+^l7lb A+ z9 z}lfE a. b{l ql6}q a*b4 <ke?
- 17(.2r-l{9
+6I^le. @z @s @+
@s @0
132 +-+(s)
8=Jal Eol p.99
505 *.s 508

olil+E4 r'*(a*r)t*a>0ol E_E €+ rgl 4oI€ CBE} oli},*+ y-.f(t)E r4s7} rflq A+. +E^l
oll, d+ aA 6IP;? f(r) +T > oel 6ll:?
a+ @t @; u r) I
-6 T
@z @+
-t2
e r< -5 g.:- rll

@ -5<r< 1
@ r< -4 E= rr*
-2
@ - 41r<l
506 E!.s @ r< -3 e.E rr*

-2
olil+F4 f(r) >0E ollzl -3(r(19 trI, +E4
f(zr-L)>f(2)E ,J+^l7l= Cf 19 4l+=?
or @z @g
@t @s
509 u=s
0( e( 2oJ E.E df e9l ql6}q olil+F^l
507 _zrz*4kr_k+s> 0ol ^"iB6IE+ 6l+ d+ kq lkE H+1=
olilolel Al#zl ++ql olil*+ y:f(r)9 :4s7I zld
+ri}Î9.
y:2r* 1r+ ^Js += + dql^l Elu+. ol + d9 salszl
?+4 1, 11"J oll, olil+F^l f(r)-Zr- 1>0E 6llE
-
+6I^le.
r. BJ8^trt ++t 133

STEP EEIA1I8Eoli 8{C AE
1
@ E=Jo!xl+=^lel
=ol 513
g^l++l !E= olil++lel 6ll= z4z1]t;la=E-HE 4ol roll 46J €B+F4 r'+6<-2/'2*r{r',-zx+4q 6ll=?
EII= E+6lfrq'. r< -3 E.= r)l
=o16l.= O @ -4<r<l
@r(1Et: r)2 @2<1(-4
EEF]EIIIID
@ - 4{x< -3
+^ldE olEolG 8E+-E *eE Ealaltrt.
z+?rso lir+E+lel 6rr=

@ EaJ+=al t
ill ;/,1n, < 00tt^j
+^ldoll LI-EIL]IE trl"g="[ eq.
t
-3-2 0 4
lzlo+ EBolit+#lq 6tl= o<z(40ltf.
514
510 €B+54
+g €B+F4q ofl$ fafr,le. r'-r-12<O
2r- 3> 1 r'+ (r- k)x - k<o
-3Sr( - 1ol qE+ 6l-= d+ kE llE H+l=?
(1)
t-6r+b<o 9 ollzt
(2)
r'+g< 4r oft>-s @k<-s @ft<-s
2r'-Srt 2>o @k<s @ft>s
511
@ +E^tel gE
gB+E4 x*2<r'<3r*109 ++^l7l= cf 19 7l]+=
+61^le_.
+#l= olE6|G
(1) olilt*E^lg aZE'J+ l7l=,Jel E+l= +61.=
=q tt|El =^ll
(2)dggoll^j Sgoll +#lE 6ll= +6h= Exll
^11+?
e E+6ffltl.
515
512 oliIrJC 4 r'+(a-Z)r*a-09 .trF oJfzl-ElE+ 6l=
€B+F4 =ol
€# a9 #E H9lY?
lr-11<a
r'-zt-3< o C a<-2 @ -2< a36
g "J+^l7lb C+ 19 zflfts? @ a>6 @ a)2
z< a16
or @z @s
G)
@t @s
134 +sr(s)
8glt=ol p.101
516 518
olilolc^l
t-4kr-4k-r_09 + tol E+ g+.J trll, d+ zl{retrfl49 tolz} 10oJ AE +lq^J qB Eill= +l+e-E
kE akE HflE +6}^le-. Hzlr /a +E ol EzllE zlg-os+rl9 tolzl-
-f +3/+ 10ol+. ol Eillg zlg o E+H9 kolTl ?JEE I
.tsoltr+ *g a
^lzlg H F.J"Jzl?
(8, tolE ++l= moltr, Ei.llTl-zlEql +eH B=tr|.)
o+ (d, a
\1/ @+
@s ^7
tu2
517
r9l 4f, olitr}4^l
r'-(k'z-4k+3)r-k-t2:0
ol oJEd*4 gE d=g 44 6t+4 *E+. .Jg d+E
eq{ltr4 gE d=9 €*alol rl 3 q, €+ eel rtel
H+l=?
o k>s @ k>z @ r< k<2
@ z<k<s @ k< 1 Et: k>3
r. Bs^lrl+E t 135
STEP Ll|c gd=nl i{lEl-= ?l-zf @@ @@
8401 arrl.^l.Il,Jg^lel 522

=ol
r9l 46J Îil-,JC 4 rn-6r'*a-5-09 eF dizt
EIE+ 6LE tlliY? =ol
519 C+ aA
r9l 4'tI +il'JC^l @t @a @g
r" - 4r, + -
(rn tl) r i 2rn -4 : o @ro @rr
of ,<Jtr tr].E
^ll
d*g +il 15-+ 4Aq gg 1}g s{
1z|f o1q-. _ErE €+ rn\ AkA Etg?
ozt @z+ @zt

@go @sg
523
4 r'+(z-za)r'+10-5a-0ol îtr +E + d=4
Îzl-rJe
rI= + 6i*3 zl-zlE$ 6I= d+ a4 4k4 H9lzl
^JE
a> pol+. d+ Pq ',1??
520 ees u*so c-1 @0 @t

+ilHJA 4 r'-kr,+k-1:0ol ;g$ zLe q, E= d+ eE @z @s
7}E 'Jg +6Ir r I+49 ^J+6I^ls.
52h
roll 46J
^ti}rJe^l
521 rn + ar' + an - -o
Ba' + zb' -4& + 18
ÎilHJA
4 (r'- 4r)'* (r'- ar) -20:09 .EE d=E qlg ol F 6l=r+ 6i+9 ++9 7*E+ 6lb d+ a, b4 6J a*bA
A. EZ -.1=E #g B+ B tr]l A+ BE *2? tTLOo
--I
cD-g @-s @o
o-g @-1 @1
@a @g
@)s @s
136 ++(8)
EgrlEol p.102
525 528 n-s

rotl 4fl ,$iIrJA^l al-r.z14E r*il^l f(r)71 f( -z): f(l ) :/(3 )S
litl 1.J
2r3 - (2k+ t) 12 * (5k+2) r-2k- l:o "J+^lrJ+. *C4 f@)-09 +*ol r:2! trll, +qzl +
ol frE *ql +4ls.ol oltr ,rSgalr+ 61"= +g +6l.^le_ z* ,+r+ a, 84 6}xl. a,+ 8,4 ilg +6f^19-. I
526
rn+4x'-Tr2+4x*1:09 "J+^lzlE zoll ql6}q
%LC^l
529 e=s rdu 4zo I
r*L-k+,8 oll, e= kE <rq Bg? rgl 4+ rJilolC^l r'+ar'+br*20:09 6J z+ioJ q,

=ol
o-g @-z @-s 4i a, Dql qldlq a-b4 {lg +o}^le. (*, i-l- to1'1. ,
@-e @-r
527 530
ÎiI%lC
4 t-Tx'*1:09 tI +g a4 tr ull, (_u.21;q1,<-1 ,Jil-rJC 4 r'+ar,tbr*c_0ol +g aag "J+^laq.
se a"Jg fl= qe rE ag?
H7l er) qI
=ol - ,a 1Z;o]|4.
-t. a'+3o- a olil%r-c 4 r,+ar-8:0al +F"J +g e4 6I+ *b+.
- 19 EI+^ltli ozl €xH"J+.
L. o*L-?g "J+^l zli ozl+^ll'*trI. c9 {tg? (*, a, b, cl dfoll, ;_/_1olr}. )
r. aE oJ^J €fol4. @-rz @-a @o
@tz @ra
Or @-,. @u,c
@-r,r 6t r L E
n tJ8^lrt +E l 137
STEP LllC flflErll nllcF-: ?lpr Crl AE
2
531 rdu47, I 534

,$il%LCll x'-4r+2:09 ^.ll
+9 o, B, 14 rlz}. + d+ A, 3r3*sr'*(a*z)r*a-ool ql 7Jlq oJ+oJ t4
l$iI%LC^.I
z1l9 g+"J +g *E+ 6l= c+ a9
^js +E F
B7l =l*rtg?
A: (3- a) ( 3-d) G- r), B -a3 * B' + r' o-g @-z @-r
oJ oll, A, BE ak& ?-14 +6l-^19. @o @r
535
532 ar'+3x'-3r-a:oE 6J +ol loJ ull, 1 olelE
SiI%IC4.l
f( r) - rn + zr' * ar' + br *5 g tr]1. .f (t -,l-zi) - - 1 ol
d=g 4Al d-= E.= C+ a4 4lib?
^d B6lE+
6l-: + a# a. Dql ql6}q ai b4 #g?
(*, i:/=ol+. or @z @g
)
@n @s
os @a @t
@e 6g
536 E!-s
%r-A^l r'-8-09 + 6l+9 w4€ oll, (trzl)q^l *g AE
,]l+=? (+, wY ez9 d4l4i+ol+.)
533 H7l
$iI%LC^l x'+ar'+brlc:oE ^'ll *€ a, B, r4 6IzI. (?)'--r
1 1 lol
-t. (i1'- -2ut r-'w'+4
A,fr,# 4l
=ge.6I=
$zI%LC{g
c. ( - w+w+2)':2' e. (w'-2w-4)':2'
r'-r'+Br- 1:0ol+ g u\, a'+b'+c'9 <ig +6}^lg-.
(*, a, b, cY tl-+ol+. ) Oo @t @z
@s @a
138 +qr(s)
Sgl}Eol p.l05
8B 02 ArtlEt8^l ff"= t 1ol 6J=ol €E +a 03., D I xl+7 I 27lll E =J o xlEt8

I
^l
537 540
^li}*C{ xn-zt'-r*2--0E EL 6l=9 cl+ E trll, €B%FC^l I
tl a* ro2 + a3 *... +r',o',g z}+6l +4U Ae? r'- rg -5
o-1 @0 @r ty-y'-2
@o @1*ar
el a\zl a-e, y-Bg trI. oB9 Atg?
ei
,^4 @z @3
,^
@
10
6:t
:
3
538
,SiIrlC^l r.:19 + E+g c,4 g trll,
(a'+-za'!a+t)'ol g9 dizl qE+ 6I= 100 olil1E 541
\ @t@-@ /
9B%I4^l
zl€+ nA tlli$ +6t^le-. r*y*xu- -2
S
I ty*u'r: _24
d+ x, yql qlflq EE xvg {fE q}g?
= "J+^l7lE
o-s @-s @-z
@r @a
539
+iloJa4l r,:19 oJ 6l+9 ara| afzl-. zlg+ z{l 4al-9
f(n)-#*
ol4 ,* /( r) + f(z) + f(3 ) + . .. + ,f (300 )q #e?
5h2
"ll, r. s4l4"J €B'JC4
c rzo @ rso €l r+o (x *2) (u +2) :a
@ rso @ r0o (r-4)(a-4):a
el 6117} e4 tI t}IrJ €4atE+ 6I= 4i a4 {tg +61-^le.
r g8^t!}+E l 139
STEP Lilt! fttE{l ilE}= ?lst cl} *€
?
543 @B€le gr
€B%la^l
1@-u)':t-s*2 546
172-yz*S qE zI4 z}€f I4 zI4 izt9 *9 rzol-tr, zjE zI?-19
+ olf r, y"il 4aI9 80w4 fig
^ll
= "J+^l7l=
+61^le_ *zI9 zu]|b .JE zI49 iz}q Eel zlel9 iz}9 B4 44.
E ol zls+E Egl zl-q9 iz}q 99 zl-49 izl-3 Hhr +=
ilg +tr+ 5e471q r+. ag zlel z|fl;5 7afr,le.
^ll
5hl+
y r*u:3 I or-u:5
+ Sflolz}rlA^l l +F'J
r,ipr,_ls' t r*i-lzol =
r:e, a- BZ 7IA q, d+ p, q{l 4a}€ o* B*p*qA a}€?
(*. q> B)
er @z @g
@a @s 5l+7
q- +tlf;i qÎql^l tr{}qq 9l* CB AE +€6}zl
^l$ql
+1611^l++9 ^lE X, Y, Z= zJzJ r g, y g, e g9-e. f
^ll
1 kg$ +Hlilr +-e- 4d
o
"J+^lZl+.
C+ A= ^'ll ++q 4E X, Y, Zql^l7+7+

(iI)
4E +alel L o/o, 2 o/o, 3 o/otrF- +€El + 9l+.

GD 4l ++E
^lEql^l
c+ A= E+ +i+6IH
rT s* Eg + fl+.
e) llE x, yel +rilE qlg 4E ZE +AlE 4Hllol+.
545 rdu Aoe I r, y, z4 6k& 44 +61^le

r, y4lEil6J flB%LC^r It r"+v'+2(7+u)-k
t"*tu*y":S
E 4 r-a,
y: B4l ql6lq a* 84 alol oJ^J "JfzI qE+ 6l-= d+ ftel
{tE HglE 7a}.rle.
140 +tr}(d)
8g4Eol p.108
548 551
zJg Azldql^l B^lgvlÎ, gg Bzld"llrl Azlgnlzl E^lql C+ eql ql6}q SiI%I44 2x3-kr'+4e:0ol ltr+
=
"JcqI +qes aq++. Eol "J*g trll
,J3 gtrtrI zl€+ aE *}trI. 4"lzl + B, 14 g trll,
=g6}q =o-E =g
8 km5 q aflq. E A4 9ol e}{r t + Ag 1^lA +ql 4( B' + r') - kg ftg?
I
Bzldql, gg 4^l7J .+oil Azldql E+6If,+. ag +qg os @to @tz
r km/Î, Aql^l Bnlzl4 44E S km4 B trll, r*S9 *e? @tt @r0
oso @sz @sa
@90 @sa
ii +5524i r, y{l 4a}{ r'+E'-zt*4s-8-0ol

:
549
qg xllqlslÎql^l +^l+ ,JAB .JEe flzli.'J Eql HI+= CBe} oil,
44 Eql EoJoltr+. ol .JEel dal +slE rtTr mm'ola, i ryg 4*{tg +6}^le-.
flzlf ++el +ol= HI+ ++E HI^lEel ,Joltr4 6 mm rl
a4r ++. ol gEel €Holb? (t, HI+el elzlB9 ?ols+
flzlE9 "JEel HlzlEel aolb 7Ja, rJ+E +41=
+^l*+. )
O soz mm' @ oslr mm' @ zzr mm'
@ atr mm' @ gozr mm'
553
r.ll 4fl ti}%lC^l
rJr{til-x{
8e 0s TOO ar' - 2br2 I q( a * b) r - l6a - o
l
O-]
ol .rJtr +=
^ll
a+E t_9.tr 7Ie ql , lal < 30, lD | < 309
550 "J+^l7l= 4+ a, bA +^ladl (a, b)9 zl|f$ +6|^19..
4fl olil%l-C^l r'+(m-r)r*2m*3:09 + tol
roll
aizl qE+ 61ts JrE 4i m4 l}E {}e?
@tz @t+ @r0
@ ra @zo
r gg^t"r +=ll 141

STEP Lllt! tlEEXlflEF= ?lot Clt*E
?
@ +E^lel 7lE dErl E.,[ztE sE[^* gtl-+E^l i 557 dusoor

. "JelE d+ a, b, c4l
'il6}q
(trzl)ql^J *g 19 zllib?
554 u=w H7l
+F4 l2-3r I + r- I + | > t4E

"J+^l7l= d+ "lr9 (}9 -. albola*.*",O a10,0>0ol+.
Bel=?
u. o( a<bolB. a'+zab>96'o14.
Or<-1 @r<-28:r>5
@ -2<r<6 @r>4 c. o( alb1lolB o++rb++qq.
@r<6 e. a)0, r>oolE la-blZlal-lblol4.
eo @ 1 @z
1.1' i)D
@ 4
555
egl 4+ 4 ar,+b_Ool ^Je +E + d+g 7Ie ql,
olil%r-c
r9l 4Ql +F4 lar* |>bE 4lzl r>6 Eb a<-2o1tr+.
+ t}+ a, bil q6lq a*bg (tg?
@-z @o @z
@+ @o
Elrl+7l. rTll?l ?]=Jg^l+E4

@
558 UEg
+E4 lr* r I * lr- 3l < k9 6117l- +46IE+ 6IE d+ kel
al+&3?
cz (Ds @a
556 @s @0
+zlc €+ rgl 4oI{ r* -2 ^}olE ,lqe+ r4 s
+lel
,tlol9 4qE ilol etr4 aAL+ Aq. d+ 19 {t9 H9l=?
O rS -3 E= x)G @ -3<r<6
@ r< -2 ltE r)8 @ -q(r(8
@r<-1Ebr>10
llr? +a
8=Jrt Eol p.1 10
-!
559 AE 08-/ oltl+E^lel

=ol
q€. adg "J+^l7l= E= Cf 19 ,||+= +6}^le-.
trr-4fi4-- r-4 -3-r

562 u-s tdu sor I
Ay
r*5
olil+F4 ar'+bx*c>0E ollzl r< -* *= r>fg el, I
,.r',ffi-
"' l t*l r*1 olil+F4 cf +br+a)o* "J+^l7l=E.= Cf z9 #9
tlg +6}^19-. (*, a, b, cY tfol4. )
563
olil*+ y-.f(7)el r4se+ zl 4 y:g(r)71rH4 +Ll,
u r)
560 T T
€B+F4 r-r( lr*31< lr-5lE 6il=?

y:g(t)
OrS-3 @-3(r<1 @rS1 (_H_zl)oll.<J *e a"Jg il= qe -78 ag?
@ t< r15 @ r)5
(*, f(q) : f( B) :s(B) :0, f(v) :g(z)o14. )
H7l
-.f(r)rf(+)
,-. *C^l f(r){f(r)-s@)} :09 ^Jtr
tr}= d=el 4+:
301trI.
tr. +E{ f(r)<s(r)9 allE o{r{Poltr}.
o -t @ E (D-r L
@ L E @
-T l-E
561 *.s
gB+E^l 4x*a)3r*5)5r-a9 ollzl sF oJfolE+
6I+ d+ a4 1k4 H+l= +6}^ls-.
564 u.s
+E4 r'-6t+8< 0g EI+^l7l: s= di z9l q6}q
olit+F4 r'-2r+2k2-6>0ol cB6lE+ 6I= d+ ftE
<iel H9l* A>a EE k<Polq. + tL+ a, 04Iql6}q aBA
*e?
o-r @-2 @-s
@-+ @-s
rr. HJBîrt +€+l 1lr3

STEP LllC IdESl x.llE[E ?lpt Clt PE
2
565 Er=s 568 u=s

r9l 46J +F^-l e"ll 4tl +F4 (m-2)r'-(zm-a)r*l>0ol EE d+
(k+t)r'+k-21r'-kr roll 4oI€ 6}tr- CBg ull, 4i
mA <fE HflE +6}^le_.
E "J+^l7l: d+ 19 {}ol 3xlofE$ rli €'ol olu a+ frE
,}l+=?
or @z @s
@q @s
569
+E4 t+zlr-Zl >4E ollzl PF4 r'*ar*D>OE 6lle|
566 ag ql, a'+b'9llg +6}^ls. (*, a,6= tl-+ol+. )
'Jelel df r, y"ll 4fl +E{
t'-Zty*3y'*4ay*2>o
ol ,rJflalE.+ 6l= 4i a4 7ll+=?
or @z @g
@t @s
570
44 +,2?l + olil*+ y -.f(x),
=l:zi1o}E Al+71
567 y-s(r)z} rl* ad$ "J+^lA+.
olil*+ y-.f(r)9 :497I rB4 Ag ql, +F^l
f(+)<09 ollzl r< 1 Eb r)ezl qE+ alb tf a9 eD + s+ y:f(r)* y:g(t)A rllls= 44. t:fE +eE.
+=+.
Ag +6}^le. c) +E^l f(r)>s@)E 6I= -2<x13o1+.
v:f(t) 4p x {f (z) - e(2 )} E *e? ( +, p= ^}fol4. )
os @g @ro
@rr @n
o T
1lA +*
8'Jzltol p.112
571 57h
+ olilq++ f(x), s(r)ql qblq olil+E4 f(r)<g(r)9 +F4 tr'-r+a>lr*31+lx_t lol d+19 il.ll
ollzl - zlr<3o1.l, f(L) -s(1)- -249 trll, fG) -e(s)E
tlg +4lflol 6J^J CBg "I, d+ a9 4*1Ig +6Iq+.
+6}^le. I
3E 0e., EBol^l-+E^lel
=ol
575 rds s08
+ olii*+ s:f(r), y:g(r)9 :4oz}:84 Ag oll,
572 +F4 o<f(r)<s@)E 6ll=?

+ d+ m, n (maz)oil 4aI€ olzl*E4 a r)
(x-3) (r+ 1) < ( n-3)(n*I)E 6117} - 4< x{nola-,
(m-3) (m+1 ) : ( n- 3) (n+1 ) ol d Btltrl. m' +n'4 6k&
+6t^ls_.
e T
u:gQ)
@ aSrlc @ r>d
@ A< tle @ d<t{e
@ zcc EE r)d
573
olit*+ f(r) -t'- (2k+ 1)z* k'-ttty 4€, adg
"J+^la oL d+ ftE fifl Hgg 7allle.
57 6 re 5r2
(,I) Hlc^l f(t)-09 t *ol zilc+ z+r, +E t +g ZHL+ €B+F4
=r]
-
t.
1 I t+21 as
(+) +I+ y:f(r)9 :egozt r<rS4ql^l 4E* f1)g t trl,-zlrl-8< o
*:4. g "J+^l7l= d+ 19 {t9 Hfl=?

(t, [r]b r-H-Q rxl ?+g 4l'}lel Cfol4. )
C -3<r<1 @ x1-3 S-= r)l

@ -1<r<3 @ r{ -1E= r)3
@ 1<r<3
r. UEq4 +E+l 'll$

STEP LllC €IlErilillEl: i "l,,rCetBE
2
577 du sr. 580

€H+54 4r1a
roll 46J €B+F4 -3t'+ E 6117} -EE d+"J trI.
l r'-r-6>o lzr-al>S-b
I
- (a*6)r *2a{o
zr'' + C+ a, b{l q6}q a*bA 4*il3?
g EI+^lrl: a+ nl e4 3s.J *I. d+ a4 114 H+l:?
or @z @g
C a< a<8 @ A<a<9 @ g< a<10 @+ @s
@ g< a3r2 CD tO 1a<r4
581 si*s rssr(

€B+E^l
578 n=s r'-zr-4>o
I
€B++4 | ,,-z(k+l)z* (k+s)G-l) So
I
r'-zr-8<o g Ei+^l7l= a+ t! tlllzl zzl qE+ 6l= E-E 4+ k4
I lr+ rl<k
#9 qls?
g "J+^l7l= c+ 14 zlizl- 4.J *ll. d+ kE 414 H+lE?
os @z @r
c k<2
r< (D r< k<2 (D r< k<2
@o @-r
@z<k<3 G) z< k<3
582
r.ll 46J €B+E4
579 u=u
3r-3k)2r-l ol 6]|= {xl g}sg alf
1x'*ax*b>o
€B+F4
t - (k+z)r*2k<o I x'+cx+d<o
4+ kg &el H+lE +6}^le. 9 dlzt r:B EE f 1e12oJ trll, Lll
^J+ a, b, c, dql
ql6}q
(a* b) - (c + d)el <Ig +6l.^le-.
146 +-4(8)
8g4lol p.11t+
583 u=w 586

+54 -x'+5r-21mx*n1r'-3r*6
-EE d+ r.tl 4aI{ olil%r-a^l t+2kx-ft:09 ^Js += + =ol
EF - 14 g
ol cBg 4, m'+n'+ 4I€^ +6I^19-. (*, m, z9 t4014. ) oL d+ eE aE Hg=?

Îolq 9lg
e - s<k<r I
@-3<k<-1EEO<k<r
@ -r.e.+
o -*. k.+
o -*. k<-1 E= o.e.+
tr E,^.lot
8E 10 To -i-l El-e.
=o
584
4 kr,+4r-5ft:09 +
olÎHJA LVl A ololzl. slE+
6t= g+ k4 lkE H+lE? =E
o k< -1 E= k>t @ O< k<t
6) k>r
587
oliloJc^l r'+5r+ k:04 + +ql^l eI *ol olil%Lc^l
=
r'+3r+2:09 F ^l-olql
+{]6J tril, 4+ hE <Ig
=
+6I^le.
585 E*so
rgl 4{} oli}%r"c^]
r'+z(zk - a) r+ h'+ 4k- a:o
ol d+ frE aq *alflol
'Jtr.d=g 7Ia q, d+ ag lLg
H+l= +6Ir r 4Cg ^J+6I^le.
r BE44+E4 111
STEP Lflt.! gtr=41 ilEl":i,olPt drl 8E
2 esq rcl p.117
588 u=s 591

olilrJc 4 x,-2(a*r)r-ta-2-0E + -2e+ rlolgl 0 qL 4q+ql^J +i}+q 714f_ r % "J*6IE +i}+ql$
=ol
glE+ 6l+ d+ a4lkg H+lE
9lr. 4e + 3rl 5
^l"olql Tgoli ^l.gel +?l + %"Jt a^tqr ++. ol aq+ql^J
=g
+6I^le-.
Sz}4rllg + *ollgol 12 % oltr 6zlr.lE+ 4qr. B 41, rg
4*Ae?
oao @u @so
@ss @00
589 E!=s
q! rF+rE 5gg5 tI clrSEol aE gE+ 96I gB
LI+q *eqr qlq. qL qlolBql 384 EBI g+eE
EilolBql
5H4 Eq *eH zr]lE qlolgol
ÎEq *zl *6Ir.,
2Bol
Hl+r E} q, ol SEBE HIE trl{ izl 4 + 9t= 7l* Z
i* zl* zlg +E qlg?
c+o @+z @at
@+0 @aa
592
Eellel z)olzl60 molr, H ol zl r25 m' olt 200 m2 ol6loJ
zlÎ4B E"Jq EI*s "JEqr ++. 4Î4€el Sg EE
?ol9 418*4 4ltAE qlg +61-^le.
(t, 4ol9 ++lb mol4. )
590 E!=s
^ll
Hel 7Jol7l
44 a-ft, a*2, at4.J $4Bol E4c.4€ol
qE+ 6l+ d+ a4 4kg H+l* f{a1q*r/-to14. C+
^ll
p, q, r9l 4at9 0*q*rA fig +6I^le-.
148 +trr(s)
.ATlElE EE tsolgrzl
=01
ÎiIrlC^l
ro+(2-2a)r'+t0-5a-0ol ^ls +E + d*4 +E + 6l+9 zlzl=$ a}E
^Js dt@
Ezo
4i a4 itel H *)zl c.la>pol+. d+ pel rte?
ti
I
O-r @o @t @z @s
PA01 d^t.^fxF*8^lel=ol 523
'\7lEl schema
';:r;, gol fl fle +ff!^ p -ER e +toJr t ? oI 5g ot Ex! EEgx t?
.JXl
d= !E= -.1== oJEalzl

@ r'-x.J trl "JE^lel
916l| l= 0 i tHJE^l E trJE^lB
X'+z(t-a)x+ 1o-5a:o I
,\l"EiotloF -Lr+.
@ @^Jtr+=+d +q t.! oI
^fitHJE^l ^l-ilBrl
=4
6l a
ol^Fd,8fet$e-e ol+clI{
^Js += + ?l-o-Ee t: XE ilsdtE xoll
l-
tt|El 0 lifHJE^.| o + EEEtl.
E4t
t'-x.J x:r'oll^l X>oo;oe +olTl

@
X'+z(t-
tril
a) X+ 1o
- 5a: o
+ (++EB)<o
^t^lBJ8^.101 ^1E
tl= F !=4
q= F 61=E IE= 6lalE
@ @ +E + dt4
^le
xoil rt|El olil"JE^le gel
^Jtr
trt= + 6l+
€=4Ag !=€ 44 6lLt4 l
îtr 6fEe 0lituJ6^le.l

7l^{0F
=r1
Zl+E trZloll 96|G F Eol
=E
Erl.
=+7|.EIE
UTI
O r':XoJ ul] tr# a9 'Jel H+|ts

(+*E #)<0 r0-5a1O0lr1 a)2}loe
X'+z(L- a) X + 1o - 5a: o p-z
+dl.= ba'J?
@ @
^lE
rI= + d=4
.f,
10-5a( 0+ a)Z
^lE +E +
6lt
J
B dfp9il + z e@
r. Br*^lrt+=lt 149
STEP Lttt!El8+|fl ElaiVI=?l-Lf €)@@e @@
593 u=u 595 ru 529
ro - kr'- r'+ k'r + k':lol ,tJ tr Q$ ull

(h + t)
^l-iloJ{ ^l
d=g 7)E+ ali 10 ol6IE 4+ kE zllfE +6l.^le_.
o, + €+ a, bill 'il6}q za*bA ag +6t^le-.
$+*=+.
594 du 520
r.ll qql Azlola4 r'- Zrz*r-k"-Zk'+kzl # r)E+

6I= .g= d+ eE {}E qle? 596
,2
lalas, lbl<s.J F 4i a, Dql Eil6H ,JC^l
o, @+ @+ (t+2ar*za)(r'+brl4):09 6l ^ls +E d=E
J
=
z\izl zzl 4s_* 6IE +^lt (a, b)9 zllfE Talrle.
13
@
6
@+
150 +sr(B)
E'JrtEol p.118
597 csJ 539 599

siloJc4 r'-1:09 qI 6l=€. are| olz|. zI€+ zql q6lq cdrl Hlz-l ,(l
L-ltlOO-
2r'*3rylg'-3t-y-2--O
f(n)-**#*#*'+fr 2r'-Sry*2y2*rIy-1:0
ol4 CE.J trll, (trzl)9]^l *g aqlg llb EllE -rl8 4g? I
E 6ll$ E+ +6}^ls.
H7l
--t.
f(3):0
L. zl$+eql E|]6Iq f\n-z):1014.
.. {f(n)}'+ f(n) -0& "J+^lzli .trE + z}?-l zle,i n4
4+= sool+.
o -l /A\ L
\!) @r,.
-t
@ E @ -t LE
600
olil*+ y-f(r)9 :.4yzl- zld y-zr* 1r+ dg trll, %LA^l
{f(r) -zt]r'-z{.f(r) -zrl'-s\.f(x) -zr\ r6:0
E ^1tr += €+E 7}l+= 7ol.,rle.
598
r*u -2r
t trti* [r] -6:os "J+^l7l: d+ t, a4l
cdrl HlzlCt-
L-:tJO ,,.l
ql6}q r'+2r+2y'9 4*rtg M, 4*11* molq g oll,

M *mA {}g? (t, [r]* r-H-u[ rzl ?*g 3l4e] C+ol+. )
oas @n @ss
@sz @0r
il ga^l?+++l 151
STEP LHt! fl8+|fl E6l7l= ?lP-trlrEE*B
3
601 jtqEEB cs 522,523 603

nql ql+ olil*+ f(x):ar'-bx*zczl4e + 4ag "J+^lzl+.
Îi}rla^l
t+z(r-a)r'+a'-2a-8:o
ql q6|q (trzl)q^l *-g a"Jg il= qe -aE ag? (zt) a. b, cE 10-H4zlg zlg+olr+.
olilulA 4 fQ)
(8, aE d+ol+. )
(+)
-09 + +g a, 84 B ql,
1(a( 2.5<B< ooltrI.
97l
-r. d34 6l+9 E.+ 7ta ql. EE d=q #ol -4olE E= olil+F^l f(r) < -2E "J+^l7l= d+ 19 zl]fE?
6l=el BS zol4.
oz @g @+
u. +E d*g *E+ 6l= d+ a9 zlib 1ol+.
r.-f _tr
^ll
7*a r s.cr6}E+ 6]+
@s @0
=. Hl d+g + HIEÎ a+.J 10
=€
ol6IE 4i a4 ilE Be 24o\q.
@-r @r, u @ -r,

=
@.,. @-r.L,E
604 EEarA
rB4 pol trD-4?l EEÎ+48 ABCDqI ql6}q C+
AB= xl$e-tr 6I= g4 CE CD= zlBo _e ol-= flol ezl
tI dql^J "Ju4. Î4B ABCDE Hole+ EqlE ,Jol= 7+7+
s, /ol4 6IE S,+8/ _672001+. gD'el {}g +6|^19.
602 u-s rdu 558 r
(+. AD<CD, AB:COol4.)
+F^] l2r -21 + r* rl < k= "J+^l 7l= C+ rz[ fztop.,
I
oltrllE E= A+ 19 tt9 SoJ sol EIE+ al*E so ol6IE

zt€+ kE 4l++?
az @e @g
@ro @rr
152 +qt(B)
Cgl}Eol p.120
605 607
^ls 4= ^ll
C+ f , q, r (0<q<r)ql ql6}q ,JC^l ,JC^l r,:r& "J+^lzlb rgl ril6}q
(r-0)G-q)(x-r):r4 T ,
#E qls +6}^te.
E * *9 a4 g trll, trIg + C+ a9 llol g + flb Ag? TiV+iV+Ti;re
I
0-t q* r* 4
o 0*q*r-6 3
@
3
@
0*q*r* 10
@
0*q*r- 4
3 J
@
0*q*r-8
a
J
608
,$itrJC 4 r'- f *Zr- 1:09 ^'tl +g e, p , 14 B 41,
SiI^l f(r) - (r *z)' * p(r *2)' * q(r *2) * rzy
606 f (2P+2r) : r (rin) :r (rP) - oe "r+^r aq
*i f@):r'-2r-891 ql6lq +E4 lfZ *g +6}^le. (*, p, q, ri^}fol4. )
lf(r)lif@) aa(r-t2)E "J+^l7l= tf .,9 zflfz| 8ol
2
EIE+ 6Ib d+ a4 lkg H+lE 7af,rle. (t, a*O)
r HJEîq +=ll 153

STEP Lllc il89lfl E6l7l: r ilruE 3E
3 "'iIt
609 611
:rq +F4 lzrl -t lzr-ml <n (01m<n)&
Eil+ oliI.JE 4l+E €4<tol Ag + olil€.+ y_.f(r).
"J+^l7l= C+ 19 z]lfE F(m, n)eE AEE] trll, u -g(r)9 r4:nzt :84 -s<r< bt Cf r9l
?J:'+.
(trzl)ql^l *e a"Jg ?l= E|]e rE ag? ql6lq +E4 {.f(r)}'> f(r)s(r)E E}+^l zlY 14 7ll+=?
(t, aE zl€fol4. ) (*, f( -3) : f(t ) -g( -2) :e(2) -6o1u1. ;
H7l T
!/
r. F(5.7)-3
,-. F(2a. 6a* 4)
-3o
,-. F.(2a. r0o) > 1009 "J+^lzlY a4 al**g 2loltr+.
-J
@r @u @ -r, u
u:gQ)
@-,= @-r,L,E
Oo @t @s
@g @to
610
+ olil*+
f(r) -r'+4r*G, g(r): -r'-zar-Z
ql^J g$el + d+ r,, r,4l rtl6}q +F^l .f(q) Zs(r,)ol
dB6|E+ 6I= C+ a4 r1|i* 2, +F4 f(q)>s(r,)7|
dB6IE+ 6l= c+ a9 zli= q4 6IzI. p+q4 4k9=
+6|.^le-.
154 +trr(d)
ESalEol p.123
612 613
d# a9l 'H6iq €fl++4 zoll 46J €B+F^l
lzr-11>3
I 18r')2r*l
t - (a]_r)r* az-}
t lr,-(z*a)r*2a10 I
g "J+^l7lb C+ 19 zllfE ffu)q 6J ull, (Hzl)ql^l *g ql ql4q (Bzl)ql^l *g a"Jg 9l= qtr -z= ag?
a"Jg 9l= qe -a= ag? (t, aE d+oltrl-. )
97l H7l
--,.f(2):0 1. a:2ol{ +qd €fl+E{g "J+^l7l= d+ rz| fx|lolzJ

olt-
r*=*lrL .
-..f(a)-ri= EI+^l7l=EE C+ og4I4 +e -60l+.
.. f(a)>sg EJ+^l7l=-Jel d+ a4 4*11* a. 99 Cf u. 4( a< Sol$ +qd €B+E!g E}+^lrl= A+ 19 *ol
a9 al{il€ Bq 6tts a- P -7o1r4. 3. 4+ol+.
tr. +qd flB+E^lg "J+^lzlE Cf 19 {lol -1, lEJ
@-r @u @ -r, . SxflafEE alg a9 iiel H+l= -3< s<-Zolq.
@.,= @r.L.E
@-r (DL G) -r, u
@ -r,
= @ -r. L. E
614 ds s82
€"J+5^l
l trr'+br*c')o
I pr'+t1r*r{0
olEE df r9l Eil4q ^dts.J
ull, (Ezl)ql^J *g aElg 9i=
qls rts A*?
(il. a. b, c. fr, q, rY sF €fola, aD+ool+. )
a7l
-t. tr-f)0
,-. b,-d'>4(uc-pr)
-. (b- q). < a(o- b) (c - r)
@r @u 0) -r, .
@ -, = @ -r, L, E
il. B8^tal++l 155

STEP LllC :El8+{E E6l7l=,_e ?lpr rlzLJE 8E
3
615 616
r'-(k+r)r*k-4:09 ^JE += + d= a, Bql
olil%lC^l oliIrJC 4 f +Qk-l)r* k-B:09 + Z a, Bzl 44
q6}q + d* + 4olr alulzl - t ol^J 2 ololz]. qE+ 6l+ lol--2, lil-19 EI+^la oll, d+ frE AE H+l=
d+ ftE *E H+tb? p<k(qol4. 0+q4 4k+?
a k< -3 E: h>2 (8, [r]b rH4 rzl ?]g alqq Cfol4. )
@-z<k<r
@k<-t @k<-2E=k>t a+ @+a @9
D
@ k>z D
@+D @z
156 +q'<s)
894*ol p.125
617 u.s 618 E!-w cs57o,58r.

r.ll 4g olil++! (u-k'+3k)(h-2k)<0E 6117I €B+E4
a 1 r lpol+. 4izl olu + 4i o, B7l tr+* 44+=_ "J+^l a I r'-2r-810
l r' - (3k +2) r *2k' +7 k -
trll, sE d+ frE ilE +g Tolrle.
g "J+^lrl: c+ rzl
t5> o
el al"{ fzlla}E+ 6}= EE a+ frel

I
?t) B-aY z}€fol4. #el qle?
(*) o<xaPE
"J+^lzlE Cf 19 zl]f} zolq. @-z @-1 @0
@r @z
r. HJg^trt+E l 157
EBq ,Je4
01 tsErlE
IIA{OI H}I{AI
oo-t
02 -l!-:-l
HJI{AI
03 flg! o-r
E
.E.EgI O o
0+
tsEatg,
IoIE EE q|E
. + E ,^.lolE 4al @ .FE,l\tolgT.lal @+E^lolol ael
dts ABE zJolE + d A, g .rlol9 +4c +19 F tr

1. zal @FE^1olet ZatelgE
^lolel
4?-l+ 6tJ., zl-s.-e. ee-e. +4UtrI. +4d 9lE + d A(r,). B(r,) z'Iol9 4al: IrlIz m
.r't- It
AB: lrr-J,rl A
,II rzt
. a9 EtrIZt [=r-l Ir tt
B
t1-Iz------A
lalb +4dql^l og 444b d4 aE tz rrr
+4.+l: a Îol9 zl4ol4.
2 4lEgE 919 + E Tlal
^lolE
4l*BE +lE F d A(r,, !,), B(r,..E,) rlol9 u
Uz
B(u , !z)
4 ?-l= A(r, ,Ur ilyr- u,l
AB: (h-q * (yr-y,) !r (rz, Yr)
. trlEEala 8a! @ gd oe+ e A(r,, y,) lxr-rrl"'i
+61. ^lolE aF-l=
4?+*44 ABCqI^J B oA:,lil+* It f2 I
4r+& a + Hel .c
a
zJolE 47J a, btl qEE
CEE LilHAI
ii @ dEgI LtlertelEelgt
,C . LHEqEE
A
6|r. 9lH9 ,JolE b
1. +4C ?lE dEE L}|EEaI EEE E@ deel
c4 alB a'+b'-c'
+4C +lE + d A( r,), B(u)ql Eil6iq CE ABE m-.. ,.. n
m I n (m>0, n)0)ge L}|SBI+ d P, 91ts61-= A PB
d a9 r+s= m)n
m
,(r#),a(afff) ,*,m*n) A Ba
n
T
561, d+ ABE 6A Mel alE* *(.+-) m1.n

n
.nt
AA BT
2 rlrBE ?lE dEe-l LHEEat EEtr
4|sEE +lel + d A( rt. ur), B( zz, !/z)ql qlu}ol de
ABE m'. n (m)0. n)0)s-e. L+iE6I= d P, e]B6}E n
tl B
7/2 ;
d 0E als'E nt
P(
mtr*nt, myz*nyr A
m*n mln o m n T
.8489 @
+Xl=C a
7/lrz-llrr //luz-lur (*, m+n)
m-n ' m-n )
(1) +C : t4€ql^l 6J q1d4 r qHE
d+ ABE 6d Mel 3|s'=
m -----_.,.
ll a
+Ag ole dE
7l
=61, nt
M ( trr*x, A,*Uz
(2) t4B ABCE ^ll +Col "J+= e GE 2'2 A
lJ4B ABCE +al6dol4 6Iq
?t
+al+de ^ll 6cg +rld o -a+q nl

,J4 z: l-e +bq.
3.4|EEE +lE d4BE +416C9 4s (rr, Yr)
A
+11=d d A(r,, Ut), B(rr, U), C(rt, !:t)g qadqe
^ll
.)
6l+ ls4€ ABCq +al+d GE 31tr= I C(ts, us)
G
tr*rz*tt U,*yz*y,
C
3'3 B(tz, ur)
o
B
il. EE9 HJ8^l 159

STEP Erl^1=8Eaf= @@ @@
@ FE^t'otel tal 622 ue*

FE z4q|= 44y-2r-3 +lE d P(a, r)ql^l + e A(s, -2), B(2.3)
^lolel q ole= 44zl Ag q, 4i
tr I4sBE 919 +oltl F E
^l0lel
71tl= 4,** a, Dq q6lq a*b9 Alg?
rzt cE9 2010il rH-d azetr F E zalql qil=xll
E8l
^lolel ^l= o-s @-z @-r
îl9l =oldlts
tr E+dlfrtl. @o @t
619 e=s
+ d A(2, r), B(r-t,1) ,r.|o1E 4471 ln"J q, oJ+/E
Atg +6}^le_.
@ +tr^lolel aalel EJe

FE zalel gEoil=
^lolel gEEl= E4l
rr r 8489€tr01 EEtElol +E
^lolsl71e:l7t rH-d
rzrtSEoll^1 +qil 8Bl.= FE zalql 4E,rjl?l
520 u=S Eol6lts Erll
^lolsl
4l d A(4, -1), B(0, 1), C(r, a)zl. A$-zBC* e E+6lfltl.
"J+^l7lE+ 6l-= EE di
aA *E qle?
EEHIEITIIT
or @z @s
Ar4Bsl €tr Ed, LHC, +llaCoil rl]Et L]iE]I=Cgal
@t @s =
A l= Ealsfl +E ffidltl.
623
als€E ?lE d A(-1, 1), B(1, 4), C( 4,z)ql q6lq
^ll
/$4€ ABC= q€ +48 "J7l?
o at4B
@ zA-90'"J zl4r*48
@ AB:ACq] O]FH+48
621 u=s utrea @ AC:BC'J olEEt4€
+d A(2, -1), B(-3,4)ql^l ag4E-lql ilEr€flel d
@ zB-eo"oJ 44olEHt4B
Pql q6}q OPel llg +6Ir, r r+Cg ,rJfa[.r]e.
(+. ob ?ldoltr}. )
160 +trr(d)
894*ol p.127
52t+ 626 [Es_sEEt
^ll
d A(-1, 1), B(1. -1), C(p, q)E 41d-otr 6I: ++e ql4t4€ ABCqI^l H BC9 +dg Mol4 oJ oll,
AI4B ABCz| Ct4Bg oll, +.J+ p, q4l 'll6lq D+qA AB'+AC':z1Avt'+gM')
-zLOO
tl:- f ol €Bqlg +BEI 4,o14.
C /5 @ z,l-s @ 3/5 I =o{

oo m
@ 4,lE @ 5/5 d Aql^J c+ BCql qfl +cE gg H4 6lxl-
A
B C
MH
4?+*44 ABHqI^l
AB'z-BH'+AH'
-( (?l) ),+AH, ')
......e
-BM'+zgiN{ x vtH+
( (+) )
44c4€ AHCqI^J
AC'-cH'+AH'
-( ('[) )'+AH-
:cM'-zcvt x nrtrl+ ( (+) )
e. oql^l
Ag'+Ac':z(BNr'+AM')
ol+.
625 Er=s
d (-4, z), (4, 6), (8, -2)E qAdgE. 6l+ t4BE qE 4d9lrl (,t), (+), ('Dql g"*g Ae?
^'ll
e.lrJe-l +iszt (a, b)oJ trll, + tl-+ a, b4l46Iq a*bA <lg? (rI) GL) ('I)
o-a @-z @o O BC+CH AM BH-BM

@z @+ E EC+CH AH BH-BM
O EM+MH AM BH-BM
o BN{+N{H AH CM-MH
O nltt4+ttrtft AM CM-MH
ilr Eeg',JE^l 161

STEP r.rtl'll EE,,ll 6-{c aE
1
627 629 E!.s

ai4B ABCqI^l + d A(2, -4), B(s,2)ql ql6lq d+ABE z:rtr-
AB:/tO. BC: +, CA:2,12 Lil+6I= dg P+ 611, d+ APE r:Ztr- q+6l+ dg
oJ oll,
H BCE +d Mql qld}ol AMq &e? Q(a, D)?+ B 4, a-fb9 7tg? (*, a, AE tl-+o14. )
@20 @g @/m o-s @-0 @-z
@n1 @ 2,15 @-a @-g
@ d=9 uErtete
cEe_l LHETI slEoil=
Irrtzld +{elcE !E= 4IEEE ?lel cEE LllE E=
elE6l.= Eq rlE= +61.= E^ll
(2) Ll|E !E= slE6l.= Hl= CEE a019 Hl= 761.= E^11
=6t|
tr E+6lfitf.
630
d+ ABE 3 : l_E L+l+6Ib d pe+ de ABE r..2tr_ el+6|=
@trID d Qql 46Iq Pq-/AB'J o{1, ^J+ /el <tg?
5ttr88 +lel CEE LtlE IE= elE6l.= Eq rlE= 7:g ttll
r, u4:lE 4r-+oll^l rl-e=rl e0l t^fe.l Hl= 0lE6lE trJalolrl.
@+ @z @+
.q0 + tr A(2,
- r ), B(1, 2)0ll rH6|.q cE AB= 2 : rtr
L[|E6I.= trel
rllEoll,\J 74
attr= ?6tl E.^1..
lq xtolTl6ol-tr, 4
6
.2
@9
-t) o*
)lE z : l_e LHE6].= CEel
'Jol7l 4,Zola-- 76l.= ralE'ts r4l.g'
70ll^l 4trJ=€ uI! ,JE 30lrf.
--J --
ynlEoll,\j - 1"l. 2ol xlo?l
3ol-tr, olZz: le LHE6lts -l ?
,2
cEel ,J01712,
l0lEe +6l.= 2 I
yelEts -toll,t1 z"J# clel'Jfl tolcl UTIE
rlal^l +61ts trq 5|.E= (a, rlo;r1.
628 631 ese

rg4 &ol oJ zlc +lql g! z]\etr gq4 gl= 67HE d 4}tr€E +lE + e A(r, 3), B( 4, -3)ql Eild}q dE ABE
A, B, C, D, E, Fql r.ll+ €B + *zl Sg ag? 2: Ltr r]lB6l+ dg p, C+ ABE z: ttr_ e.l+6l.= dg aE+
li--. -fi-
g trll, dB PQE +dE sIsE +6}^ls.
A It C t) E F
e dE AEE 6dg Col+.

@ dE AF= B: zE LllB6l+ dg Doltr|.
@ dE BCE 3 : l-tr e]g6l-= dg Eol4.
@ CE DF= L:ztr- EE6l+ dg Bol4.
@ d+ FDE 5 : 3 0-e. e-lB6l-= dg Aol+.
162 +sr(8)
8=Jrt=ol p.128
632 Er=s 635 er*

F d A(2, 2), B( 10, 4)E olg cB ABE | : kE 9ls6}= 4g Egql B-6I^le_. (+, +qd Lll d + qL ^ll dE qI {d
dol zl 4. y: -2r-3 +lql 9lg trll, kq 4l9_? gl"ll flzl ?*a, a, b, p, q, rE EF
^Jfol4.)
t*' u=ar'ol ol-H olfol4' )
tr) ull d A( r, a). 8(6, o ), C( 3, - , D(s, 4 )= 44de-e
z)
z
(, @ s 6l-=
^|4€
ABCDzI BB^tH€oJ oll, a+bq6k* m
G)s @0 +6l.^ls_.
d A(1, -1),8(p,6), C(q. r), D(6, 4)E+1ld-oe.
tzl Hl
6l+ ABCDzI El€EoJ oll, ,tll "J+ p, q, r4 **
Î4B
+6I^ls-.
@ d=9 LnErtet=et gE
cEE LHEat etEel gEoil=
rrrA|.4E9 dE, 'J0l cEE L}lE !E= slEol
gEEl= =01 =Er'Elol
=x1l
tzl€SeJoll^l +qd A|EJE CEel LHE sE= slEoll tHEl
^l=
Exll
^]lf =0,-=
e E+61'fltf.
633 u=u
d A( -r, z), B(p, 3), C(5, 1)g +lldge 6lE t4€
^ll
ABCE +rll+d9 alszl (4. q)oJ oll, + tl+ 0, q4l46Iq 636 u.w
4Is€H +lel d A(-1, 1),8(2, S), c(5, -3).tl 46lq
0+q4 ilg +6}^le-. ^ll
s4B ABC9 ^ll H AB, BC, CA= | :ztr_ LllE6l+ dg
4+D, E, Fq B Ell, +4€ DEFE +rll+CE slsb?
o (1, o) o (1, 1) @ (1, 2)
@ (2, o) @ (2, 1)
63h ru 626 i
4IEBH +lE d A(6, 3)r+ + d B, Cql ql6}q AB':58,

AC':roolr c.4€ ABCE +4l+dol G(4, l)oJ trll, d+
BCE zJolE Talrle.
il EE9,J8Î 163
STEP Lltt! #flErll i{lEl= ?l -zf @@ @e
@ +E^fotol 4el 640 E!=s

+ d+ t, s4l'I6Iq
637 urw + -f6r - 4y -f 13* + -2r-8y*174 4+#g?
+4d +lE + d A(-1), B(2)ql ql6}q +z-lC ?19 d pzl o40 @ 2,15 @a
ap+sP <z* El+^la q, d ez1 +4.11= EBE Zolts? @ 2,15 @ 2,16
og @s @z
@g @rr
638 eE*
+ d A( -1, 1), B(1, g)4 zl 4y-r-2 +lel d Pql q6}q
AP'z+BP'g 4*#g? @ +E
^lolol
4alel EJ-e
Oto @ta @zo

@zz @z+
6hl
r1, y+* zl dseolr, + ulr A, B+ 7+7+ d ( 4, 1 )r+ d
(-3, 2)ql flil6J+. + oli/ql^J A4zl ae zldse. g]E
zldql a++g €il6|qr. EltrI. a+tlg €ilEl + ?l= *E
sIEE E-+ +6}^ls. (+, EEE +g rq6}zl ?*b4. )
*B q
o
639 er*
^ll
d A(1, -1), B( -3, 4), C(s, 6)rI A Pql ql6}q
pA'z+pB'+pC'E al*<tol mola, rqE A pg alszl
(a, b)"J trll, a*b*mel *g?
o0r @02 @09
@0+ @os
154 +Er(s)
EgrtEol p.131
6l+2 Er.s Lr.ao 64t+ EEeTt=

rB4 ,Jol zld Oql^l +4eE HlLt= + zldr_ez1 gci. a+e€E +19 + d A(2, 1)g +lldeE 6l+ t4B ABC9
îtr +=
Ee +lql 9l= ar+ 9ol zld oql^l zJzJ 720 m, qCg H BC +lq ilr:
als.z| (-1, -1)"J trll,
e60 m Bqd zldql^J E^lql E4 ao m9 9C6J AB'+Ac'el <tg?
=g6}q
+qstr zld o= 6J6l] zl4l6lfl+. + ÎHi Îolel A4zl osr @sz @ss m
zlzt zlTlf)zlb ag zl aE .+oll rqlE +
=g6J ^tB @st @ss
Îolel 4iA4= b mg 41, a, b4 6kg ,:?+ +6fL, -r
$Cg ,tJfa|-.r19. (+, a, bY dfol4. )
o .......-960 m-..-._.
o
720m
1
2l
tJ
645 xt,aa
d A( -1, -1), B(0, - k), C(2, -2)ql q6}q t4B
^ll
ABCzI olEH$4€ol 9sE 6I= -gE 4+ kE *9 qlg
+6Ii1, r r+Ag
^l+6I^19-.
643
aIE€H +lE d A(3, s)= t +adsE 6l+ CS4B 616
ABCE +rll+Cq alszl (-1, 2)g oll, ,S4B ABCE
3ls€E +lE d A(0, 1), B(1, 0), c(8, 1)g +1ldetr
^jl
6I= +4e ABC9 Edg P(a, b)+ 6tzl. d4B ABCE
EEIIE zJolE?
e-lfi?]4 zld epzl "J+= 4 + zllt,rl-$fl +lel dg a?+
@ tzlS @ 13/5 @ ral5 6IzI. ;$4B ABQfl HolE S+ g ull, abS9 *e?
@ ts/s @ 166
e 48o @ sa,lZ @ o+lz
@ zz/2 @ ao,lT
lt. EEel BJE^] 165

STEP LllC fEEr{ilEt:l ?l.J CEtf,E
2
6l+7 @ dEel LllEuf elE

:84 AC-9fl u$4B ABCzI-?l+. dE BC=
zjol AB-b.
'I6Iq AD:nb.J dts BC9

1 : 3e-tr_ {+61+ d Dql oll,
649 ElEw
z)olt-)
+ d p({l), Q(/5)4 A(2,12-ol,r(tr$).
d. lL;
^-il
d
A
5
,eE*)= *+ +ac +tql +qB tr1, +c ,lE d
J
P, Q, A, B, Ce-l +lilE g++Ei +^lElltr Llg6I^19
I] C
D
e S,E @ s/5 @40

@ +B @ sO
650 ru 630
sTllq d A, B, C, D, Ez| aj zld 9ql 9lr. +g
^ls +=
azJ*"J+^la oI, #g?
ffie
(,Dd B= dE ACE +doltrt.
648 (+ d D= dE ABE 5 ztr- elB6JtrI.
"
AI4B ABCqI^J BD:3DCE q}+^l7lb H BC glel d Dql eD d Eb cE BDE 2'. rE,llE+tri.
q6Iq
sRD'+BD'_ k(AB'+sAC') 5 t1
@+ @
5 @
6
ol CBE+ oll,
^J+ kE 4I9= +61-^le-. 13
@z @
6
166 +qr(s)
Eg4gol p.134
651 u-s 8E 04
-/
dEel Lt|Ell elEel gE
4IEBE flE + d A(-5, 1), B(1, -3)g olg C+ AB=
(r-t) :re.qlE6I= dol 413Î+Eql ilE+ 6Ib d+ /el 654 sEs
ftE H9lE a <t<bq ,S 4, a+bA ilg? 4Is€H +lE ql4q c+ ABE
(*, a, DL ^J+olr 0 <t<loltrI. ) ^ls += + d A, Bql
m'. netr .llB6}b E9 p, e-lB6lb Bg a+ alz}. d pz} m
e+ 5
12
@+ c+ AQE +d'J ql,+4 7}e? (*, m, n? zlgiol+. )
11
@+ i5l
t'2 o+ @+ @z
@* @s
652 uru u*so

+ d A(-1, 3),8(2,6)9 9lb zld AB ?loll gll,
zAB_BC= "J+^l 7ly 4 CE 4IsE E+ +61-_a, I r+Cg
,rlgalrlg.
i 655
ql d A(2, _1), B( a,2),C(b, _ 4), D(5. afizlq-o'
:
' 249= EI+^le q, a'+b'\ Ag +tl}^ls.
653 0Dd D= r*48 ABCq Lil+ql 9l+.

dE ABE m'. n (m>n)o)etr LllBdl+ eq elE6L= eg r+,!l d.4B Aeo, BCD, CAD9I Holz].
^Js e+.
7+7+ c, D4 g oll, r+g + *g a"?
/;\111 A1 l2
AB AC AD AB AC AD
,G\1,1-1 1 I-
l2
AC AD AB AC AD AB
A1 !_
l2
AB AD AC
rrr. sE9 ,J84 167

STEP Lilt! ddErll i{E[:.] ?lC CE] SE
2
656 658
rB!+ ?ol 4dEe 919 ,rll zld A, B, Cql qL q^lel B A(3, -1)g 6J +lldee 6I= rS4B ABC9 F H AB,
+tlol +lil6}-r., 3AB:zSCE "J+^lZl4. ol sl^t7} AC9 +dg ?J4M(r,, u,), N(rr, y)4 g tril, 11*12:6,
^ll
ol zl{Etr. +lE qL 6J zldql *tr-ql^l ,ll+g a,*uz--loltrl. t4B ABCE +4l+del alszl (a, b)9
^,ll ^J&El=
E-+e| +rE 4t, a+bE lle?
îl+qr ++. ^ll *Tql^J -E-+ r}-r.e.3HI6l+
ul+ol 4 *tlql^l _tr+ rr-rql ols:4ElE
^ll#el d.ql @z @
7
@+
Hlqlq}+r 6J ql, gH! Bl€€ 4ie 6l-= tr+ +re_l +lil=? a
J
(t, Bzldg Azld4 czld ^rolq1 g]zlap, îl ++ql^l @s

,^
(4,
10
a
J
^J&6t= 4l*el "Jg E"J6Itrl. )
C
B
.-\
C dE ABE +d
@ dE ABE 2: ttr- e.l+61+ d
@ d+ ABE 7 '. rtr e1gdl+ d
@ d+ AC= 3'.ztr Lll+i{+ B
O dE BCE 1 : 3 o -s I]]B6F= A
659 rds65o I
. dE AB= 3 : l-tr Lll+6I= d9 P, e]+6l.= dg a+ g ql,

(ezl)qlî *g A"Jg ?l= 4tr a= ag?
H7l
-. Cts AQE +de Pol4.

u. fr A= C+ BQE 2'.30 e e-l+dl'= doltrI.
tr. zlC AB 9lql ilzl ?*3 d cq ql6}q + t4B ABCe+
657 PQCeI Hol9 HIE + : 3ol+.
F ÎB A, B7I .Jzld"J 74= Bq=ql BE +qol AE
+qq l.sH}|oll, A7| Btrtrl-30 m Sql^J €ts"J4. Bzl @-r @u @ -r, .
zT0mE Bel a+dql E+}Rg Ael +lil= d Pei 6I-L, ($-r
"flel @.,= it
L E
q,
e+eg d 04 e+ ag AE +lilb dE PQ= m'. netr
elE+trI-. m-n4 1I9-? (*, m4 ne z}€fol4. )
^le|t
o-g @-z @-r
@r @z
168 +q(d)
€gqlol p.l37
660 t18H Pickl tEqaE-Bl 662

s4B ABCqI^J d+ BCE 1 : 3 0 -+. .llB6l-= dg D, dts 4lsBE flg 1), B(4, 7), c(16, 1)g
^jl a
A(
-4.
BC= 2 : 3 o -E el+61"3 dS E, d+ ABE | : ztr- el+.'lb +lldee 6l-= $48 ABCE LilrJg I?+ g trll, +
zld AIe+
dg F+ B trII, T4B FEBE HoI* T4€ ABDE HoI9 BCtl EI+= d9 4+E= (p, q)o14. 0+ q9 4g Tafrle.
ftH|ol+. *+ kE 69 7a|..rle.
m
663 EeaEA du 630,6s9

3lE€Hq d o(0, 0), A(6, 2), B( -2, 4)= +lldes
^ll
6Ib t4€ol ?l+.
661 uEg B 4
rBq Bol 4l d A( -3, 1), B( -1, s), c(2, -r)g

A
+lldee 6l= ,J4B ABCq q61q 4 BE ols" tsdol H
p, lJ.4€ ABCE +rll+Cg Gq 6IzI.
ACe+ "JLt= d€. 2 o 6 t
tL4B ABC9 HolE S,, t4B BPGE HolE S,4 B 41,
c
4d oA +lE d Pe+ 4d oB 9E d QzI 4* =dg
#rl ilg +6}^ls-. ++^laq.
5 eD e P= xllr,rl"$$, a Q= 41zÎEE 919 dol4.
(+) ($48 oPBE Hol) -1"(S4B OABE Hol)
A I
(4 (t4B OPQE Hol) _1"(t4€ OPBE Hol)
o 2
-3 -L T
1
zld PQel ,JC^.lol mr*ny:219 trll. + d+ na, n4 *
m*nA lIZ?
clr @tz @rg
@r+ @rs
il EE9gE^l 159
STEP Lllt! tldErililEl= ?l-"' dit*E
2
.^7lElE Eol EE Eolezl
als€E +lE 6J d A(2, 1)gqAdstr. 6I=C.48 ABCE qCg E BC 9.lql ilr. r alsT} (-1, -1)g trll,
azJ(D aZ!@
as'+Ac'q
trt
<lg?
tl
esr @sz @ss @st @ss
8802 FE lale.lgE 644

^folel
'::.':r
,\7lEI schema +OlT! ?lrl? +61.= 3 +1?lrl? 0l E€i ,'gzll E,l-grl?
--------------t
EXt
A ar.4B ABC9I elcol E BC glofl

C A(2, r)
848 ABC=
@ I)
C
=r|l6lE.e
zA-go'?l !4$4flolr,
9dE Pal6lE dE BCel
=trol
@ T4B ABCE Poltl.
zA-90"oJ elc P( -1.
(-1, -1)ol
e.lC + 44S4B ABC
+ H BCg +d
-1)ol
E BC 9l9l €4
ETI
A eldoil^l af4Bel
oA(z,t) + AP:BP_gp_r[15 + +Lltrzlxl9 zJalzf cF
@ B
I)
C
^ll
Aot:e 4p--3p-@olr.
P(-1, -1)oll^l
A(2, t),
Ap: ITT*:,mol=e
@ S4B ABCE oJ elC P( -1, -t)o1 3p- _ gp: /rso lcl.
/- A-90"
elrJ (-1, -1)ol
44*44 ABC H BCE +d
E BC 9]9I €Zl] -
3.rar
A zA - eO"?l 44d4A ABColl^l

( rr A ('2. l) AP:BP-CP-- n3 ElE|zaf^ Eald e.l6|G
@ B
I'
C
AB'+AC":BC'O|tr,
-,
eC-BP+CP-2fi3oloe
T AB,+ ACr: (z,l tz), _sz
@ t4B ABCq
z A--90" elc P( - 1.
e-lc (-1, -r)ol
oJ
- 1)ol
44t4€ ABC H BCE +d
I
H BC 9]9I EXll -
E AB +AC I BC'+ 52 g@
170 +sr(s)
STEP LllCirs+tfl
=a7E?t-c @@@@ @@ Egl}Eol p.139
664 du 642 666 EqEEE

rBr+ ?ol zld Oql^J trI^J A: F HJ6}I+ 4s'= +4d +lE ^Jtr 4= d A( a),8(b), c(c)91 4alq d+
=ge} ^jl
ol+= HJ-6J9*tr tl1 z,l2 km-tr s4olr, trI^J B= zld oq^J ACE m'. no E L}l+61+4 P(p)zI dE BCE m'. netr
ffiog km BqTI zldql^J eg6lq
10
^lrJB.<l$e-e.
e]+6}= dol B oL (trzl)ql^l *g aElg il= qltr r=
1 km, B+es z km"J#E "JC6J +qetr S4 "JtrI. A+? (*, m*n, m)0, n)o) m
+ Îtsol E^lql €ts6}fl€. trll. + ÎB ÎolE 4 ?-lzl zl* H7l
tlTlf)zli ag xl rE +olr, r qlel + 1. A--L, b:5, m:1, n:2o14. C:7o14.
=gEI ÎB Îol9
,14= / kmol4. r*yA Ag? L. m>nol$ a<f <D<col4.
-
H
.r
. a-fb
2
E
o ti
^1
LT
o
@-r @u @ -r,
=
10 km
@.,= 6)-r L E
oA
e roz @ toa @ too

@ tos @ tto
667
alsBEql^l + d A(0, 4), B(8, 0)4 xllr,rf$fl +lE d
c(a, fi)zlffi-BcE "J+^lA+. + dB AC, BC= 4?+
665 ru 650 r : 2-tr Ll]ts6l+ dg P, Q, ,!i4€ cPQel +r]l+cg G4
zA-30", zB-90" AB:26"J z.l4/J,4B ABCqI q6}q
i
i z)olzltg q , a*bg aLg
"Izt. dE
cGE 7a|,rle.
d+ ACE m 1 n (m>n)91Lll+o'}= dg P, n'. mo E :
i ( *, a,6s rJfol4. )
Lll+61+ dg Q, n'. mo e el+ill+ Ag ReI 6lz}.
tq-f ': q, d+ ARE ?olb? (*, m, z9 .Jfol4. )
o0 @s @ro
@tz @ra
n EE9EJEÎ 171
sTEP Lllu ilS+{d e6l7l= ?lZI quus *g
3
668 669
5 ol6IE Fzlfl+ a, b{l ql6|q 4+Eq|E +lE ^ll d A(a. b), rH4 pol ffi- zm, BC:6, CA: z,l:m"J S4B
B( - 2, t), C(1, -Z)zl ?14. y4ol c+ ABE m nee ABCqI^J E BC= m 1nea p4 g
'"il86l.= dg
trll,
Lll+6}i1, r+ol C+ ACE m'. n99,]l+El oll, ,*48

"
(E7l)ql^J a"Je 9l= qtr
*e ag? r=
ABC9 Hol9 al+<tg S,, 4*<tg s,4 6IÎ. s2-S,E ilg (*, mt] nZ 4e.L?l zlg+o14. )
+6t^19. (*, m, n* tliiol+. ) A
z,lTd
z,ln
B C
6
1. m-noJ 41, AP-/szol4.

u. ffi-4p.J trL m-n:3o14.
E. AP--3/59 4],, m*2n:7ol+
@-r @u @-,=
@u,r @-r,L,E
670
rH4 rJol c.4E ABCq +rll+Col Qolr, AG_+,1-2,
BG:2,[5, CG_z,ls"J oll, $4€ ABCE HolE?
A
+,[2
O 6,m @ G,lts @ 8/m

@ 8n5 @ rzlm
172 +q<8>
8=Jll *ol p.l40
571 672
rB4 ?ol rl-48 ABCDqI 'I4q S4B ABCE Hol= + d A( 1, 4), B(2, r)+ y4 flA d Qql 'ilil].q
zola d:4€ DBCE Holb 3oltrl". dE ADE 3 : l_tr Lll+6l.= lAo-BQlb d Q9 y4szl aoJ ull, 4lq{t rE *=4.
dg E4 g tril, ,*48 EBCE Holb? a,+b,9 *g +6f^19-.
III
A
e3 @
7
a
J
@+
11
@+ @
4
rr sBe.tBd^t 173
IIA{OI H}I{
E-l O O-l I
-l
lolfl qE LtlE
. gil-Bl+ol :.alls . rl^.lol Hlx{ EED l{del'J€^l

82 -ru-t oo-t l
'Jit{}+ y:ar*b (a*o)E r4sql^J 1. El trat 7la7l7l.+olc rldE ,J8^l

zl&zlY a, 144.2 -*,y€€g rol+. (1) A ( ry ar)$ zl4l zl$zlzl m"J 4Ce-l ,JC^lg
v u -!t-m(x- q)
y=**b .zltrtrJ
(2) d ( rt, ur)9 xlu|-r. r4oil Sq+ zlCE ,J44g
t
7lz7l !:lt <-01 xldg 7ll7lts 001trt.
2.+ EE rlLlts
b T ^]CE 'J8^.1
a A(r,, !,), B(h, y)E xl+* zldE %IA^lg
L &=J
I.xI rr{
^Je +E F d
0) rt+rzoJ 4, y-y,-#=,(r-r,)
(2) rr-aro) trll, r:r, .-olaldey+olltsSslcl.
3. gitgl84 ar*by*c:oal Eld
(1) D+00J 41, y: -tr-*

(2) b-0. a*QA 41, r: -* *ol4dey*ollEBBlct
'+ 4del +lil zJ4l =1 . F EldE +lil g4l @ rldel+4I}gg

gE 9lq fl= + zld t, t'4 ql^\ l'.y-mt*n
"J m*nt' m:m',n*n' m:m,t, n:n ntm'=-l
s4l= +gri aq. l':u:m'r*n'
l: arlby*c:0 ab abc a
tt' l: l' l':a't+b'y+c'-o a''b' a' b" c' aoc- ,, -c
, -b - , aa'lbb':o
L
I t'
/' // / \ t'
+ Eld /. /'E
Ef Eotl,'..l 11-e
g^lEttl'
11e 9liltrAl x fi T
UUtrI. E86ttrl. +^.l0lrt. t'
El Eoll^1 UUtt l1tr g6J6ttrt. gil:zrtrt +401trt.
^1e
. Er|. EIC /.lolsl 4al E;I
EE +lE "J d4 r dg zl*zl ?*:aJ . EaI El,! lole.l zal

{dg .lE zlzJ 5}e CEE ?olE d4 @ Ert rld
^ptg
4at
4d ^lolel 4 ?-14 {}tr}. d (r,, y, )+ 44 ar-tbs*c-o ÎolE Z 4= v , Ar)

I aa* by,* cl a:L*by{s:g
I 'law
q6l. tldr+ {d ax*by*6-s utloJsl aqE
lcl o
,IN
tr|{^J d Pql^J zlC /ql qfl +Cel gg
HEI 6tE d Pe+ zld /
Îol9 4?-lE c+
pHE rJolol4.
174 +a<8>
STEP EEN=BEa;5 @@ @@
894 p.lt 2
=ol
EEU) ^ldsl 'JE^l 675

xl^l0l Hl'Il lnll'- TY
-ru-l oo-rvllr-
)lz7l7l +olE rll
4/f-*$-1ol "JLI: dg A, zld 34
r=I4. rol
rr I F tr01 +ol^l71Lt -d EaI
SE^]E 761ts E8l

^lcel y+q' E]+E dg B+ g trll, F d A, BE zl+= zldel
(2)EEg €tr, 'Jol rlCel 'Jtr^l= gE6l.= EI.ZI IO
O O--1Ll
=rtEilElol ' m
gxll
@ 2r*y- 4:o @ Zr-y- 4:0
tr E+6lfltf.
@ 4r-y-4:o @ 4r-y-t4:0
@ 4r-ty-4:o
673
+* {dE ,JC^.lg +6}^le-.
(1) F d (s, -4), (5, 4)E zl+= zlC
tzl d ( r, -2)E zl4r. y+q +4.J zld
$) z)$zlzl olt_, B ( - 2, - 1)g xl+= 4d
(4) F d (3,
-2), (1, 8)9 xlul5 4d
(5)/+E oJE oli'lr+ ol_? 44 zzlz| 60.o1tr, d (r, a)E
=
^l+= 4c 676
+ zl 42r1-3y-4-0, 3rr-2y*7-0el lrdq d (s, o;g
zl+= zl Cel ,JC 4e?
C r* 2y-3-Q Q; r-2y-3-0
@ 2r-y-6:0 (E 2r*a-6:0
@2r*y-3:o
674
^ll
A A( -1, 3), B(s, 0), C( -3, -2)ql 46Iq C+ AB=
z'. Ltr Lll+61-= d9 P, d+ BC9 6dg Q+ 6IzI. + d P,
Q= zl+E 4c9 r€sg?
D 677
a2 1
(?) 1
16\ .)
-Z d (-2, -4), (a-2,2), (a-1,2a*t)ol qI zld flql
^ll
,--. 5 9ig tril. oJ+ a4 4IZ?
@z ltT
er @z @g
@t (Ds
n sBe U84 175

STEP E!tl1= 88"[.- t4C +E
1
678 681 u-g

4C ( k+r)r+ ( zk+t)u+ (k+2) :0* d+ ftE *ql 4 Q, 1)g zl+r. zl 4 tx-ya2:04 +zl"J 4cE
+4lsol 6J^J'JA+ d PE zlttrI. 4ezy ^Jl d O(0, 0), v€83?
A(a, 4 ), B( - 4, b)E +1d -o tr 6Ib :*4B OABE
+|l+d4 'Jilts 4l,. ab\ (}g 7alr,le. o+ @z @+
@+ ') .)
679 u=s
^ll
d A(2, 5), B( -4, 1), c(6, 3)g +lldss 6l-= s4B
ABCzJ-91tr1. d AE zl+= 4d + t4B ABCE HolE
ol:=o $oJft. zldE ,Jc^lg?
@ 2r-y*l-0 @ 2r+y-t-0
@ 3r+y+ 1-0 @ 3r-y-r-0
@ z-3yf 1-Q
682
^ll
4d
2r-g-0, t*y- 1:0, at-y*3:0
@ 4del +rlrl -a6J
o-s EBlrrI"J E€ol zl4$4€ol qE+ 6l-= EE *i a9
4lcel +^lrl Efloil= *E qle?
(1)+ rlcE +rl !E= E"J Ia= u+^l7l=
^lcE
gE^l=
+61.= Ell e+ @+ @+
(2)EEel 8E, '-J0l E0l IlCel +Elrl'JgE
gE6l.= =:stElol @*
@t
=îl
tr E+6lHEl.
680 u=s
44zr-y+7 -091 €q6}r d (-1. 3)g zl+= 4dE
H}ZI ] O'
O O*1 Ll
@ a: -2r* 1 @ y- -2x13
@a:2r*1 @ y:2r*3
@ g:2r15
176 +q<s)
EgrtIol p.143
683 Er=s 686

4C fu-3y-3-0r| +zlolr. 4d
4N. a:ar*2zl slSBEql^J + d A(-1, 3) ,B(2, -3)e.e+El gqd
(b-z)r*u-4:0rI Bqg 4l,, a''+b'4 4k?? A4zl ?JZ 49 zl-#lE ,JC^le?
(*, a. DE ^J+oltrI. ) @ 2x-a-I-0 @ Zr-y-3:o
ca @g @to @ Zr- 4y-L-Q @ 2r- 4y-3-0 m
@rr @tz @ Zr- 4y-5-0
684 sgs Lt s?
+ d A( -1, 1), B(3, 3)ql q61q CB ABE f4ol5gd9
%r-C^lg +6Ir r 4Cg ,<Jfolr.le.
@ E4rld^lotol 4al
E"trlc zaloil=
^lolE
4]C 71a:1= ?6[ZLl trat 4C
tr I Er|' Zal
^l-019
a.d= U+^17|ts ,Jtr^lE +61.= ^f0le"l
^ldel =x1l
(2)EEol €E, e0l, H0l E0l EEtElol trzl.^lc
=a1lel
71tl= g86l.= Ell
^plsl
e E+6IHtf.
687
d (- r. -Z)e+ zld gr- 4y-a*2:0 ^tol9 4alz[ 2oJ trll.
685 =qE ^J+ a4 414 q+g?
-;ke?
(.r)5 (D8 (t;.t 11
+CE gol d @. b)g trll , a*bA
Q) 14 6) 17
og @t @s
@0 @z
ttt. s'Eq HJE^] 177

STEP r-Et^ll EEotF 64C 8E Egzt*ol p.146
1
688 E!.w 690

{C r* ky-Z(k-r):0ol d+ eel *q +4$.ol o}{r d + d (-3. -2), (1, 6)9 zl4i
zld +lE *zlolE d Pql
pE zlg oll. d pe+ zlC r- 3u*a-0 46Iq oPE 4**g? (+, ob +ldol4.)
ÎolE 44zI /r0ol
qE+ Bl+ E= 4i a4 *E *g?
o -ao @ -s0 @ -sz
cf D
:l
2,15
5
@
3/5
5
a'lB
@ -za @ -zt ^
\:/ ?
D
@/5
689 u=s
€qq} F zld r- 3y*r:0, r- 3a*5-6 ,tfolg 4 alb?
691 uEs
o ,15 /m 2,lE zlc sr- 4y-tL-091 gq6}r 4 Q, 1)ql^19 zl4zI s"J
5 5 5
2,ln 3/5 {dq %r-C^lg E+ +6}^ls.
I ;r
5 5
178 +-+(8)
STEP LttC €dErtl fllEt= ?l-Lf @@ @@ SgalEol p.1t+7
@4det sa^l 695

3lg€E +le_l LJI d A( -1, 5), B(4, 5), c(2, 3),
692 D(-3, 3)g +lldetr 6l.= ^l-48 ABCDz| 9lQ.
44 at*bs*c-Ool fflr+ Ag ql, +g + 4d 44 mr-s-3m-1-0ol Î4B ABCDe+ "J+E+ 6IE
br-ay*c:Ool zl+zl ?tY Î+Hg? 4i mA 318il4 al+7}el +€ +6t^le-. m
(*, a, b, cY tfol4. )
v,
0I *by*c:0
69 6 u.s
4lg*lE +lE + d A(3,4), B( -2, -1)ql rllo}q 4d
kr*3u_Sk_0ol c+ ABe+ "JLIE+ 6I: d+ kE lkE
e 411Î+E @ 412ÎEE O zllsrlEH H9l=?
@ zll4^ttsE €) zll1, 3îtsts 13 _1< k=+
o <k<-
-*'2-'--4
@
2-
@ -+ <k<4 @ -+<kss
@ -+ <k<G
693
+ d A( -14, - 12), B(10, 4)= 9l= c+ AB +lel d +
(+, + d A, B.b zllel6Jtrt. ) 697 s.w

rB4 ?ol eI H9 ,Jolz|5oJ CÎ4€ ABCDq^J
A(0, 4)olr, d B= 14 ?lel d"J oll, +g Egql B-6I^le-.
(*, a, b, m, z3 t4ol4. )
l)
A
C
69 h ru 67e
d A( 1, 1), B(3, -
^ll
t4B
1 ), c(4, 2)E +1!d _o _tr 6Ib I]
ABCz| 4C (k+t)r+(2-k)y-ak-1:091 el6}q F zl9
EB-oE ++qe oil, 6J +E HolzI trl= +q Hol9 + ts]|7} (1)zlc cD9 %Fa^lol ar*3y*b-0oJ trll, a-b411*
qE+ 6l= g-E 4+ kq Al9 Elg +6t^le. Tafrle.
', (r)a (t, -*)* zl+r, ABCDgI 'JolE 015+6l+
Î4B
: {C9 trCllol y:mxtnoJ 4, mn9 ilg +6t^19_.
rtt. EEel g8^t 179

Ll|C gtElllillEf: ] rdi[88
=4
','1,
698 rds 6e4 I

700 ers
3lE€E +lql AÎ4B oABCTt 9l+. d 49 alszl d+ eql q6}q 4c
(-1, 3)olr, d c= 41lÎ+H +lql ilg trll, d o= zl+H^-l l: (k- r )r * (2k+ L)y - 6k
-o
ol c^1489 HolE 35.+6Ib + 4Cq
'Jaalg e.+ "J oll, (Ezl)ql^l *g 19 zllfb?
+6t^le-. (+. ob fldol4.) H7l
--t.k-t9 41. 4C /g r4{l 846I+.
r-. k- -r9 trll, {C /g {C 2r*y*3:04
"J+zl g+=trI
.. zlC /$ zllt^|$Hg tlg,tl zlt4.
=. 4d e + zlC r* 2y-6-0, r-y-04 rdg zlLl=
sE zlcg +4u+.
Oo @t @z
@s @a
699
algBH +lE LJI d A(1. 1), B(3, e), c( -2,5),
D( -3, 1)g +1detr 6t= ABCDE .{+ql gl. d
^l-4€
Pql EI6Iq pe+pB+pC+pnr} 4+<tg 7IA q, d Pq
4s=?
a
ll
C 701
gdg zl+r tl&zl7| oJ+oJ F zlC /,r| 1,714E^ a4&
A E+ "J+^la oll, zlC l,E zl&tl$ +6t^19-.
,t
tU z.ld1,4 zl&zl= zlC 1,4 zl&zl9 auHol4.
o(-z'+) , (-* / 3 11 \ r+ zlC l,zl rGA "JE %r'"}!+ olF E 44 zzlY zlC
+) (-2. s/
/,o1
r49 "Jel HJ6J$ ol-p5 z]! zzl9 zuilol4.
@ (-'' *) @(-,'+)
180 +trr(d)
8.Ull p.149
=ol
702 70h
rB4 Aol F {€+ a, b{l qlflq 4|.sBEq ^ll B 4 Q, b)71 4d Sz+ 4y-t-0 +l= *zl'J trll,
A( - 1, 1) , B(a, b), C(3, - 2)Z +^dgtr. 6l= c.4B 4 Q*b, a-b)z|:4E zI+lE 'JC^.19?
ABCe+ 4Î4€ APQRzI-9i+. P0 : AP-3 : 2o1tr, d AE O r*y-7:0 @ 3r-y-6:0
zlLI= zld /ol zl^1"48 APQRe+ s4B ABCg HolE 44
@ Sr+y-5:0 @ lr-y-4:0 m
olE"SE 4, a*b4 +l**g +6}^ls_.
@ 8r*g-3:o
(+, d ,{9 yals= d P9 y4strq q rq. )
B
R
T
a
705
6ls€H +lE + d A(2, -1), B( -r,z)ql q6}q 4d eg
+lE d Pe+ d (4, 3)9 ol3 C+g 2: re. q+6}b d aE
^lf E %r-A4le?
@ 2r-y-3:0 @ 2r-y-5:0
@ r*y-3:0 @ x-ly-5:0
@ r* 2y-r-0
703
rB+ *ol Hl d A(0,2), B(1, 0), C(3, 1), D(2, 3)g
+lldes 6I= ^l4B ABCDE E AB +19 d Pql 46Iq
d+ ACe+ dE opzl-EI+E dg a4 6IxI. d QzI CE
DpE 3: l_tr. Lllts6l-b A.J "il. d OE a+tr= (m, n)o14.
m*nq ilg +6}^le.
v
D 706
+g 4cE ,Jc4g +6l.^ls.
A
(1)
^ll
d A( -2, t), B(8, 1), c(1. 0)g +1ld os 6J+
C
S4B ABCE HolE ole"$o|-r., z49l +21'J zld
B
(2)
^-ll
d A( -2, 0), B(2, o), c(1. 4)= +1ld o tr 6l+
+48 ABCE HolE olf,.golL zl&zlzl roJ 4d
il . EEel HJ8^r 181

sTEP Lllt! gEEdl fllilE ?k,t CEt AE
2
*Eo2l 4del +rlrl trJ^"J 710

EBf, + zl 4 G+4)r*2(k+z)a-r 1:0,
(4-k)r*a(k+z)y+z-s ,r.|olE ,l4zl m"J u\, k+mq
707
+ zl 4 G'+zk-s)r+ ( k+3)u:2, 1I?? (*. k, m* *ioltrl-. )
(k- q)r+ ( k-r)y: - 1ol ,r.l-E fzlol qE+
4+ k4 {}E Be?
6l-= E=
c-+ a)-* 7
6
cr @z @s @-+ e-+
@a @s
708 E!-s idu6otr 711 ers

d A( -2, t), B(p, 4), C(q,8), D(1, r)Z --Adg.E
Lll
+ zld
6I= ABCDzI trIEEoJ trll, "i+ p, q, r4l tll6Lq Iax-y* a*2:0
:
Î4B ^ll
0qr4 Ag +6t^ls. mt 4r*ay*3a*8-0
ql Eilu}q (_H.zl)oll,{ *e a"Jg 9l= qltr r= ag?
(t, aE d+oltrI. )
H7l
1. a: - toJ tril. + zlC /4 ,yy2ol zl\ztl$Eq^l Elt+.

u. f 4c /r+ mol 4e fzlol qE+ alt a9 {t3 c-21
a}4ol4.
c. a-2 EE a- -2oJ trll, + {C l4 mol 9686I+.
^ls
@r @r,u @t,=
799 @-,= 6)-r tt
L E
4+s€H +lel d o(0, 0), A(2, 4), B(5, 1)g +llde.tr.

^.ll
6I= rS4B oABz| 9l+. 4 +]!dql^J qlHq Lllfl 4l +dE
jrdE alsE +6l.^le-.
182 +=r<s)
Cg4Eol p.152
712 715
sIsBH +]E d A(4. 3), B(1, s), C( - 2, -2)=
^ll ^ll d
A. B, C= +}id o s 6I= t4B
ABCE E AB,
^ll
+Adstr 6l-E $48 ABCE +rll+Cg zl+= 4C + d BC, CAE +Ag zlzJP. Q, ReI 6l-z[. P(2,3), Q(1, 1)o]L,
Ae+E 44zl al4zt El.i {d9 zd€$? + {d PR. QRel ,JA^l ol zJzJ r-2y-t4:0, tty-2:09
ql, A Bq 4I.s'= (a, b)olri. a-b4 {lg +6}^le-.
(da o III
o+ -3 @t
@+ n\5
\9./ o
J
716
+ d A( 2. 2), B( 4. 6 )4 EI+ a - r'+2r*4E r4 s +lE
d P( a. b)Y 41l^l-+E +lql 9Ir, AP:BPE "J+^la+.
a-tb9 lLe?
713
d (0, t )€. zl4E 4d!+ 44 zr+ (k-t)uia-ool r4 ,-- 19 ,,.. 2l
er7 tz)- ,^, 1l
w 2
+lE dql^l +zlss qlB q, *+ kE tk+?
OD
L\) 13
@ l)
e-T' /6\-1
\e) ru.z
@E 4 2
3
@* ^8
tug
717
d O(0, 0), A(-1, 5), B(s, 3)g +11d9tr 6Ib iI4B
^ll
oABz| 9l+. dE ABe+ €B6Ir S4B OABE HolE
71h du 68s olF+6I= zlde-l y$fl??
4|E€E +lel + d A(5, 1), B( a, b)ql ql6lq dE aezl 5o
4C. u:Zr* 14 +zlstr "J+= dg P+ g trll,
o 4o
.)
J
i:l
3
@,2,12
AP : BP:2 : 1014. a+bq (}g +6I^19. 7,lz g,lz

,)
I
c\) 3
r EB9,JE^l 183
STEP Lllt! €dErllx{lE[: i ','h,tdEt8E
2
718 721 ErEs Lteao

a}g€Eql AB-AC"J t4€ ABCE +rll+Col G(2, -r)
^ll
4d t*y-2, x-y-4,3r-ks-471t4Bg olFzl *9
oltr, zld BCE ,JA43 a-r-4ol+. BC: 4O"J
"ll.
zld trll, EE 4+ kE {te-l +g +6II, r r+Cg ^J+6I^le-.
AB$ 'Jd ol ar t by - r- 0ol 4. a - b4 #g +6I^19.
(*, a, DE^l tl+oll, d 89 rals.Tl 4 CE r=l-str4 r+. )
@ Ert rld zal

^lolol
722
++g d P( rt, ut)4 d PE zl+zl ?t= zld
719 I '. ar*by*c-o
4l-s€Eql^J kr-u-0, r* ky-0(k>0)ol zld
+ zl N. ^|olE 4 4E +fl-= 4Col4.
(*, a, b, cY d+ol+. )
r*Za - 10:04 "J+: 4g ?+4 A, B+ 6l^1. IAOBE
olf+6}b zlCol dE AB= +{olFBB trll, t4€ OABE oll, d Pql^.i
(i) a+0. ,+0oJ trll, z.ld l4 zl&zl=' Qt)
H"lE Sol+. ft+S9 (lg +61-^le. (8, o= ?ldol+. ) zld /ql 4fl +CE BS H(r,, y,)4 6lH zlC PHe+ zld
/ ol +zlol E E
(rI) *Uz-Ur__1
Iz- tt
ol 49 dE-l6Iq
**_o*_k(kb^J+) ......o
4 6lE
PH: (rr- r,) -t (vr- a,)
: lkl x (+) ......o
el$, e H7I zld / +lE {olF + ar,*by,*c:0014.
720 eql E6lq
^ll
4d a( x,* ak) * b(y,+ bk)*c: 0
r *29 -0, 2r- y -0, kr - y * 6k*3:0 olse
o-e Eelal-.J ++E Holz} 30oJ trll. .Jel d+ ke) tk??
k- ('l)
olE Oql El]oJ6lq t?-l6IE

o+D
@+ @+
PH: (4) ......o
r!2
1
(D1 (n) a-0. b+0 EE a*0, D:09 trll, zlC ar*bs *c:03
r4 Ei y49l €B6Ir olqqlE eol ^JBQI+.
+lql^l (,I)-('Dql Eqa .J"*g 4€. +6I^ls.
184 +qr(d)
EHrlEol p.155
723 e!.w 726

44 y:3r4 r4fl ol+= 49 olf$rlt zldol
oJq HJ"Jol
rgr+ ?Jol 4C /ol + zl 4.s:-ir*s, y:-Ir-*
411Î+B +lE d (2, k)E zlu+. eE {}e?
2 10 +1) ,,o2(/to-rl ,..,4(/ro+r) "J+= Sol zJzJ A, Boltr, + zl 4+ 44 +zlstr "Jttrt.
e 3
\e3rsr3 lJ4€ OABE Holzl-29 trll, zld ABE 7l+qleEs€€g
+g +6t^ls. (+, O= fldol+. ) m
4(/m- 1)
^ 5(/ro+r)
@ \9/
J JD
I
!/ , r-l v-- I r+s
721+
olil-l*+ y:r2-4r*6E r4s dql^l 44.u:2r*k{l
+le.l
ol 4 4q al*<tol .l-szl qE+ 6I= tI+ kE ZI??
= 727 u-s
o-a @< @-0 rB4 zJol als€Hql d A(1, -1). B( ro,2), c(7, a)*
@-s @-a ^ll
S4B ABC9 +rll6d G(6, b)71 "^)L+. d Ge+ 4d AB
^l-olE
44zl /m"J 4r,, a+bq atg +6}^le.
(*, ab olfol4. )
ll
725 ur*
?lA4 44 k(x+y)-r*3u*4-6 ,tlolel ,l?]= k-aoJ 4r,,
4EA &E 4b+. + tl-+ a, b1l q6}q a'+b'4 <k*
7a}.rle. (*, ft= €+oltrl.)
728
4IgBE +lej d A( -1, 5), B(s, 2), c(2, -L)g
^jl
+1ldetr 6I= $4€ ABC9 HolE 7oflle.
r EEE HJE^] 185

STEP L]|C gEEIlli{la}: I 'r'l,,rCitf,E
Eg4 tol p.l59
?
729 EE*,= 731 urs

rB4 4.ol aJ E9 ,Jolzl 2"J CÎ4€ .uoJel 6olE qlld + zl 42r-ty-3:0, r-2s*1:0ol ol-,=E 49 olE$al'b
AzI dE MN +lql +olE+ dflg trll, d AzI dts MN4 zlcel ,Ja^lg E+ +6}^ls.
EILI= d9 A'oJq 6IzI. olull. d Ae+ {d A'B ^lolE
44=? (t. Mg d+ ABE +4. Ng dE cDE +dol+. )
l) C
A ------H---- fl--- I]
M
co @
3
z @/5
3,lz
@z @
2
732 rdu 6oe I
B(3, 5)e+ 4d ee +lql ilzl ?*g d Pql

+ d A( -r,2),
730 q6}q S4B ABPE Holzl-10"J trll, 4Yzy +44ts E€9
,JC^lg E_+ +6}^le.
+d +lE + d A, Bel zlC flel + d C, Dql {"Iq ^1.4€
ABCD= C^t4€o14. ol"ll, d 49 r4s= +6}^le.
(8, rll d A, B, C. D= E+ z,lltlf$fl +19 dolr. d BE
,4sb d AE eals.H4 q rq. )
u- u:I
o .T
186 ++<a>
3}eBE+]9+dA(3,4),B(-2,_1)qlql6}qz]dfu-t3a-5k-0ol@6}E
Eilirr adCz) !S?J,.rir
d+ ftE {}E H+l=?

g
m
-+ <k<4 -+<k<s
I
e 2
<k<+ @ -+<k<+ @ @ @ -+ <k<6
8802 rldel'J8^l 696
'\7lE] schema .:.'.:.#OT! ffiE!3 +1?lrl? 761.= +floJrl? 0l qE4 E=-grl?

= - a
|-1=]-
/ : kr*3a -S&:Oolal E ull,
e A(3, 4), B( - 2, -t) ^lC
froll rH6|q 8al6l.E
k(r-5)*3y:001=e
@ @ I :44 nr*3y-5k:0 + d (5, 0)g zlt+
^lc
-dAf
/e !+ ftE ,,toil trzlflol
(s,
E o)= xl$rl.
@ zld /ol d+ ABe+ Rlt+.
' 2''nt
u + E A, B= 4lEgE +toil
e A(3, 4), B( - 2, -t) LlEfLHol E^L
4 A q,
E P( 5. 0 )0lal Ef
@ Qi) I . 4l tu+3y-5h-o
-
d (5, 0)g zlt+.
-2
rlc lol cE ABeI oJLlalE
/ol 7lz7l7l APol
^lc ^ld
71tr)lHLl a7lLl er,
@ !d /ol dE ABe| "J*trI. ^lc
BPel )l=)liltr;l ltzLl 'Jol'ot
Elrl.
.JIl
e A(3, 4), B(-2, -t) APel 7l?7l=9r* - -2

^lC
4
rlc BPel 7lz7l=
0-(-1)
@ (z) I : 44 kr-t3y-5k-0
- A (5, 0)9 zl'J.4. (zl$zl): -2
s-(-2) -
_1
7
-2 /el 7lz7l=
zld /ol d+ ABe| El+trI. \ ^lc -for=e
@ 7
(zl$21): L -)< -L.L
._)
o-n ,
a
-; < k'6
J \I
E frE ale_l H+l + -+=k<6 ge
r EE9gE^l 187
STEP Lttt!EI8+|fl @@@e @@
=al7l=?l-zf
733 735
:H4 ?ol 4d /,o1 r1, s=4 "J+= 4* A, Bq rJrJ AB:8, BC:16oJ zl^l-48 ABCDE Lll+ "t Eql +lE 'J d
61l, 44 t rzY xq, y+4 "J+E 4g ,+r+ C, D+ 6IE + PzI Ap'-Cp'-169 El+^laq. d PE ztf ,I +Elr]l=
zld /,, t,4 ad Pql .ll6}q + ls4B ACPe+ BDP9 HolE E€q zJolb?
e4. OA:246o1I, zlC 1,9 zl&zlzl -Sg ol, zld
; g'lE
:
^Jtr
l,! zl$zl=? (+, O= fldolI, zlC /,E 7l&7l3 €+ol{ ea/s \:/
ra
2
@ 5/5
4d /,E zl$zlilYl rq.) . ^ 11/5

@ 6,6
'\?/^
.Z
Ir a
J)
e 1
2
@-z @-t
4
@
J
@-*
736 Ea* ldu72t I
^Jl
4d
x - l2:0, 3x - ay *4 : 0
* y -0, x* ay
ql E4q 4s€Hol 0zH9 f-$og ++qe oI, €+ a4 Lk*
E+ +61^le.
73h u.s
^'ll
zlC u-3r, y_ _-+r, U:mrl2-tr E-;lr+oJ E€ol
olFE,$4B"J trll, ol ,$4B9 HolE +6t^le_. (*, m)o)
188 +-4(8)
Egalfrol p.160
737 739 rdu 106 r
44zx-u*3-0 +lE F d A, Bql^J 4d r-s*1:091 $foll, d (1, z)= zl+= {C l,ol r4, yql{
71g7lz|
qlfl +dE gg 44 C, Dq g trll, AC:BD -,lZolL+. "J+= 4i=44 A, BqBtrll, t4€ OABE Holz} 4ol+.
ACBD.el Hol=? 4d l,+ fzloll, u$4B OABE HolE olE"ts6IE {C /,E
^t4q
(+, d A9 r4s7l 4 89 rals'tr+ r+.) y€€3? (+, o= fldol4. )
m
oo @s @ro o 4-m @ 5-,m
@tz @ra @ 6-rc @ +2,12
@ s-2,12
738 EEaxa
6|ESH 9lE Lil d o(0, 0), A(4, 0), B( 4,5), c(0, s)oll 71fi rdu z06 r
q6}q c+ BAel oJ Eeol otu ,!e. 4E + d D, Ez| ,rjg

^-ll
d A(- z, o), B(2, s), C(0, 4)E +lld-9-s 6IE ,J4€
BA +lql fl+. 4c oDeI 4d cBzl "J+b dg F( a, b)t+ ABCz| zC:eo"oJ zl4t4€oltrI. C+ ABe+ +zl'J 4d
6IE 6AEFE HolE BCFD$ Holtr4 4trJ+ /OI I$48 ABCE + H AC, AB9} "J+E T 4& ZJZJ
^1.48 Î4B
.a-tr, zld oDe+ {d CEE zl&zlE +e -*.t+. + tI+ p, Q+ 6IzI. $48 APQE Holzl. t4€ ABCE H"l9 +"J
a, b4l46Iq 22@+b)4 <tg +6}^ls. (+, lz-a<-4oltrI. ) trll, zld /E ,JC^lg +6}^le-.
u (0,4)
B
B(2, 3)
o A A( -2, 0)
u. sE9 UErt 189

STEP Lllt! El8+lE Eolzl5 Plsf EITLJEPE EgalIol p.l63
3
7 hl *rw 7h2
^ll
zlc slssE +lE + d A(-3, -4), B(2,6)ql q4q d+
y :0, 3x- 4y * 6 -0, 4t *3y - 12
-0 ABe+ * dql^l "J+b 44 tol ?14. d Ae+ 44 t
ÎolE
sg Eel,Rl"J t4BE ,llCE alszl (a, b)oJ trll, a+b4 Ok=o 4?-lb Zola, e Be+ 4N t ^l-ol9 zq= 3"J ull, 4d /E
+6I^le. ,JC^lg E+ +6}^ls.
190 +Er(8)
flel ,J€^l
lolE Elt Ll|E
.fl8 . flE 'J8Al @ flel'JE4

€E ?lE 6J d oql^J gC6J
44 r"JZ r. fl9 "J8^l E@ flet'J8^jelgt
Eq4 ?lE dEe olF"l4l E€g flol4 6rJE alEz} (a, b)oll tlxl$9 z)oltl roJ u,
(r-a)2 * (u-b)':r' III
6Ir, € oE gq *A, rZ fl9 tlzlE9 gE ,Je^.le
zJol4'8I4.
(r-a)'*Q-b)':r'
u^l=E eol (a, b)
E6l, +dol fldoll tlzlE9 z)olzl r?I fl9 o T
Hl-Zl,\l o
o O--1L
o r'+y'-;
flet 6d
2. olilHJ84 x'+Y'+ Ar* BY*C -04 fl y(,**)'+Q+S) ,_ A'+R-lc 4
t, y{l 4fl ol zl%I4 ^l r' + y' + Ax * By * C - O ( A'z + 82 - 4C> 0 ) ol Lt${ts

EBg +d9 al-szl- /AB\
\-z'-T) tlzlB9 z)olzl IM 2
floI4.
. olilEl+9 :r[=et rldE 91il gZI IldE +li! S4l
. flul @ srt 4del eltlsJ4l
olzl*+ y-af +br*c4 r4se+ zlc ?lE %r-eal C : (r- a)'* (y-b)':r'41 4dE'JC 4 I : s -mrtn&
ElloJ6Lq 93 r9l qlt oliluJ{^lel SE{g Dq 6IL, ?l CE +C4 zld
y:mr*n4 flil +41= olilolc^l
at+br+c-mr*nE *H4 DE / 4elE dq* oil. g ce+ 4c /E 9lil +41= +g4 rJL+.
ÎolE
+Eql q+ acgq". DE
tl+ D>0 D:0 D<0
-1-.:L
D>0 D:0 D<0
d9 rA
g4t d{r d:r d)r
fl Cel
Eld i e.l I
trIE FE Zt Eoll^l 'JLJtrl I
^1E trJLJtrf. (Eerl,.) uLt^l?J=trl +{il I
0ll,\l
g4t
,\lE trtE + Eoll^1 Lrutrt. Er Eoil^l uutrl'. (EEttrt.) oJLt^l?Jtstrt.
. fel dd@ . flel trce! ,J8Al @ flelddelEtE^l

+lE dde:1 ddg zl+= $zl$$.{E L.7lz7l7l +olT! flel trcsl u8^l
f4ol4. f +y'-r'oll dola 7l&7lzl moJ zlCE 'JC4g
4.
a:mt*r,ldi *y2:r2
x1,/\l
H!
xlx{
go
z. fl dCE 'J8^l
919 Eoll^1E
fl r'+y'-r' flA 4 v
P(r,, y,)9lrlel ddel 'JC^-lg (a, yt)

rrr*gry:r'
-r r
-r r
y:-r
-r
l:-r t:r
[r,*0, /'*0] [e,:o s,tsy,:o]
r.EE9BE^l 191
STEP EEt^j=8861. @@ @@
@ flg'Jd^l 7 hS u-s
flel "Jg^]oll: %IC^l u' + y' + 4ar - 4y *saz -za-tl-0ol +4qb E€ ol
(r ) EJxIEE e0l, rlEoll tH-d IZ= flE flol 9s4 6I= zl$+ a9 al*fig?
=C9 =6t|
B8^l=
Q) t4
?61.=
=rtl
lEts vGoll tr61.= flq "Jtr^l= 761'= Efil
eg @+ @s
(3)EEE Eeilel eol, 'Jol 501 flel @o @z
=8, =ilElq
"Jtr^l= ?61.= Ell
e E+6IflEl.
EEHID
4l'E'+oll tr61.=flel 'J8^lg rafE. y5IE9l
UxlEsl eol gzl= =C9 *13,tllE + ?ltrl
Eo-|G
^lolE
5al, r=, y4oll E+ tr61.= flel 6lEts
=C9
(a. a) !E= ( a, - a)o l-r., HJrl=el e0 |E I a I 0lcl.
7 h6 E!-s
T
+ e A( -3, 4), B( -1, -2)E zlBel oJ Edse 6I+ gE
%lA4 o1 t+yz*ar*by*c:o9 4, atb*cg Ag?
(*, a, b, c! *+oltrl. )
e-s @-1 @1
7 hl *.s @s @s
%FC4 t+y'+6x-2y-t6-0ol +4'il= EBg +Col
(m, n)oll, tlzlg9 z)olzl r?l flo14. m*n*r4 ilg?
o-z @-1 @0
@r @z
7l+l+
(trzl)ql^J *g a"Jg 9l= E1]tr rE ag?
H7l
7til
^ll
e (r, g) , (2, 0), ( - 2, 2)a zl+= gel +cg (a, b),
-. als€H glel 6J d (2, -3)sE+q A4zl zoJ E-E tlzlEg 4olE r4 E ull, a* b*r'A Ag?
d_o-=.ol+qd E€E %'-c^le
(Jl-2)'* (y*3)':4oltrl. os @0 @z
u. 6Col fldolr e (/-a s)€. zl*b flE %}c^le @a @g
r'+y'-- 12olr+.
r. fl t+y'+4r-4y-0r+ 6dol 7Ja,4 (-1, S)S zl4ts
fl9 tlxlE9 ,JolE 2ol+.
@-r @u @r,t
(s-t -r L
@.,= ll
E
192 ++(8)
Eg4Iol p.165
+E 02 t:-lol Hoo-r-l
.9.1 l-x-l l ot EF-e_
748 =o
+dol (-9, -z)olL y+ql d6tb ?lE ,Jc^lg? flE BJ€^le_l gEoil=
trlF fl9 r.ES rlLl= gsl U8^l= gE6l.= Efil
O (r-3)'+ @*2)':4
tzlE9 xl+lsl g8^lE
@ (r-3)'+ (a-2)':4 =-* =xll
rsr fl HJ9 E0ll^1 g +lE Ezl'xlE ZalE A.Iil !E= 8l+,J=
@ (r-3)'+ @-z)':e III
+61ts E{l
@ (rf 3)'+ (y*2)':4 tr E+dlfiEf.
@ (r+3)'+ (y-12)'--g L
750
-rE
EOI
(r* 1 )'z + (Y -3 )': 25, (x - l)' * (s * I)' :25

7I "J+= + dg 44 P, a+ g oll, PQ9 ?olb?
@4,13 @A @4/5
@ 4,[6 @ 4,17
'l h9
+Col 414Î+E +lql ilr 164yftotl +^lql d6I= gE
EellE z)olzl6aB oll, ol gE %lC{g
# + y' + ax * bu * c- 0014. 2a* b * cE rlg?
(*, a, b, cE t}+ol+. ) 751
o-0 @-s @o
EOI
-rE
@s @0 t' + y' +zx -9:0, t' + u' -1or- 6y* 9-o
E nd!+ d (4, -1)g zl+= gE Hol=?
@2n @ln @0zr
@ gn @ tozr
m. sE9,J8{ 193
STEP r-Et^1IEEbl= qC AE
1
8E 03 ?J4 ?ltl uJ4l

752 E!-g ^ldel
d A(4, 1)r+ fl (r-2)'+(s*r)':2 +19 d Pql q6}q flrt.^lcE +lil sztoil=
CE APq 4ol9 4qfi4 3l*AE ge? ErI rlC
tr I Zale} Ux|Eq ,J olE E6|.q flq. r]Cq
^lolel
+lil zJAl= 9$6l.=
oa @0 @a (2)F flsl -u.trE xlLl= =xil
IlCel g8^l= 9E61ts Ell
@ro @n tgrfl HJ9 Eoll^l floll + ECE:flE ttll 871:
F rl4d4Bol =JBg= gE6t.= Efil
E E+6ffitl.
EEtrID
+ fl x' + y' + ar * by * c : 0, t' + E2 * a' r * b' y* c' : 00
0 lttl{, I
trlE + 80il/\1 oJLlts a+. + flel EE= rlce_l

^.lE ^lLlE
g84lg t + u' + ar * ba * c - ( t + y' + a' r * b' u * c' ) : 00 t[.
I
754 E!.s
r'+s'-3r+ zl 4 E:x*ftE +lil +Al7l +g-r+ Ag
4. ql,
d+ eE il E= H+l= +6l.^le-.
(1)
^Js
4C + dql^l "Jf+.
(2) + dq^J "Jt4.
(a) r,J+zl ?*=trt.
753
+ d A(0, 1), B(0, -s)"tl 4otq AP : BP- L:2=
"J+^l7l= d PrI +4'il= EBE %lC4g?
@ x'+(u*3)'-9 @ x'+(y-B)'-t6
@ t+(u*B)2-16 @ r'+(y-B)'-86
@ t+(u*3)'z-36
755 u=s
fl (r- 2)'+ (y*t)':10o1 44 y:3r-lks4. p dql^J
El+E+ 6lE E= 4+ kE *g Be?
o-r0 @-t+ @-rz
@-10 @-s
194 +ar(8)
8g!llol p.167
756 sE 04 flsl Edel HJ84

fl. x'+y'-4rt*y*8:ool 44 u+3y*k-yr+ trl= flE trCet gg^1oilts
^1tr
+ a A, Bql^J "Jg trll, d+ ABq z)olzl al4zl qE+ 6I= Iil fl 9lg trEol +ottr trcel Bg^lg g86lts E8l
r|lel
(a 7lZ) l7l+oltr trt|el Ed9 g8^l= gEdtE Ell
d+ fte-l ile?
tgtfl HJ9 Eoll^J gEolts Exll
o-1 @0 @r =3 trC9 SE^]= m
E E+6lflEf.
@z @s
Pg 6fitr TtP
trCe-l ,J!Al= s:mr*no=$$ n]|, yfioll gEJEt trCA

riltr d?-td1|gF-dtl= aq +q6'^h
758 urs
fl. x'+y'-10 +lg d (3, 1)"ll^Jg dcE %la^19?
@g:-x*4 @u:-2x15
@ y: -2r*7 @ u: -3r*8
@ E: -3r* 10
757 759
d A(6, -l)q^l fl (e+1)'+ fu-3)':eq r€. dCE + fl r'+y'-20q1 d6}-tr, zJ N.2r-sa3:04 +zl"J zlcol d
ddg Bq 6}zl. dB ABE zJolE? (1, &)E zlt4. .Jel d+ kqAk+?
@ ,17 @ ,l-tt @ z,l7 o zI @

9
@
11
2
@ z,lu
2
@ 3/TZ
13 15
@ @
2 2
7 6g Er-s uta?
d (3, -1)q^J fl. x'+y'-sql fg ddq ,Jc^]€- +6tr,
r ,+Cg ,tJ$.o].,t|9.
m. s.E9 HJBrt 195

STEP all^1l EE6l= t{C *E Egrl *ol p.170
1
761 Er- g 763

4 Q,o)ql^l fl (r-2)'+(y-3)':191 rg + ddE fl r'+y'-s 919 4 (2, 1)q^19 ddol fl. r'+v'-15s,
p+ B o\, o'+B'4 lle?
zl&zlE *e? "J+= + dE ralsE 44 a,
e-z @-t @-0 oa @ro @rz
@-s @-to @ra @r0
762 76h
d A(3. 0)r+ fl r'+y'-l fjE d Bql ql6lq 4d ABel x'+s'-1ql d6}r. 71&7\71 3oJ zlC + xllzr.l{{9 zl*E
4.
z!&zlq 4q*e? 4Cg /,o14 61]., il/.,+s'-10 +lE d (3, -1)ql^lE
,15 ,lz R ddg /,2| 4121. + z1C /,4 /,.t1o1E zl?-l=?
e 2
o
@
/=\
2
,lz
@
3
e,*-f ar*$ @++,m
@
3
a, 4 @1+m @2+m
196 +Er(8)
STEP Lllt! gdEril iilEl'= +tzf @@ @@
@fls*d^l 768
^ll
z.ld 2r-y-6:0, t*2E*2:0, u:2-E trJEqzl=
7 65 x,,e? 64BE e;dgg %LC^lol (r_a),+(y_b),_rg 41,
x'+y'-2r*6y*6-09 Holq q 4d r- -1, r:5,

fl. a*b*r! Ag? (t, a, b, rE ^Jfol4. )
y:3, s-78- E*lrttoJ 4^t489 HolE E-+ ol'r=o ts6.l+ aza @zz @ zs III
zldel ,JC^lg +6II, r $Cg,tlfa[,rJ9. @zg @ so
766
x'+y'-Gr*4y-r2-09 Holz1 + 4d y:ar*
?).
769
u:br*cql E6lq 4F+ B trll, 4l {+ a, b, c\l qs}q abcg
lke? fl$r'+uz-4x*6y*b-0ol y44 "J+= ^1tr 4= + dg
A, B+ g trll, g +lE + d C, Dql ql6}q ABCDzI
o+ @o @
13
2
C^t4€ ol4. a*bel flg? (*,
Î4B
a, D= tl+ol+. )
15
@z @
2 o0 @z @a
@g @ro
767
+ d (-z, s), (0, -t)9 zl.*E +lel +dol 412ÎEHql
9lg trll, gE +Col rel= EBE aol=? 770 *rs
o'm @+ @+ d ( - r, z)E zl+r r44
^l-olE
4q= 7a|.rle.
y+.4l E^lq d6l+ F flE +C
@3,m @!r@
u. sEe U5{ 197

STEP Lllt! tldErll ilEl= ?1.-'t CEt PE
2
771 E!.s
q"g Egql B-6I^le.
.AE8EE @ olot t lxl,^.lol EI-e.
i:-l o o-r-l eo
+dol zlC r*2y-g-0 +lql ?Itr, 14, y+ql E^lq d6H

(1) 77h
E= g$ Hol9 Eg +6}^le. d A( -6, 0)4 fl r'+y'-6r-0 flE d Bql 46Iq d+
(2)+Col -jy:r'-r-3 +lql ?Itr, r+, y?,4l F^lql d6l+ AB= 2: Ltr LllB6l+ dg P+ g oll, 4 Yzy +4'll= E€E
-EE gE Hol9 tsg +6}^le.
,JC^lg +6}^le_.
772 775
+ d A( -3, 0), B(1, 0)g xlEE oJ €dee 6I= g +lE + d A(s, -2), B( -2. -4)e+ il r'+y'-4 fl= szlolE
d P( r, y)ql ql6}q a'-Zrq alq{fr+ 4**E B-g +61-^le-. d Pql q6lq S4B ABPE +Al6d G7I LIE}Lll= EB9
z)olr-2
d. tr-l
o+ @+ @?,
@+, ^4
@To
773
fl. t+y'-2(a* 1)r* 2(a-r)y:2a*3414{} €H + *g
{"Jg (Bzl)ql^J 9l= r{tr r= 4*? (t, aE dfol4. )
E7l
-l. fl9 Holg al+&e

t.qq. 77 6 rdu rsz I
.. flol r44 d6IE+ 6l+ d+ ag 1k9_ -2ol+. + d A(-1, o), B(1, o)ql q6I€ B P(a, b)71
=. fl9 6dol 'JtI zlC / flql flg trll, zlC /4 r1, ylee pA'+pg2 ql, @-3)'+ ( b+4)'E 4q{}g
-42 "J+^lA
EBlrÎ"J d.4BE HolE 4ol+.
+6I^le_.
@-r @ -r, u @u,r

@r,= @-r,L,E
198 +trr(d)
Egal*ol p.172
777 EEa-n-a 779

rB4 zJol F e A(4, 0), B(10, o)9 zlul_L tlzlE9 z)olzl F oJ+ m, n4 4EBH +lE + d A( -4, 0), B(4, 0)ql
sql flol 9l+. gd oe+ g +l= +4olb d Pql ql6l.q d+ ql6}q Pe : PB: m'. n* q}+^l7l= d PrI +EI.ll* EB
opE z)olzl dizl q4l 6I= d pel zllfE 7al^le. cql rI6J €Hes (trzl)ql^J *g a"Jg ?lE r{.g r= ag?
(+, gE +'Je xll1r,l-${ql il+. ) H7l III
g -. E€ C= "J^J gol+.
P L. m<zolE E€ Cel q+ql 4 Uy +4fl4.
c. m:3, n--tg rll, fl.t+(y-s)':1 +lel A Qql q6l-q
PQg alq*e 4*sl2o1r4.
@-r @u @u,=
o A(4, o) (10, 0) r
@r,c 6)-r L
It
E
780 rrs r53 i
El+ +lql a tm"J* gq4l + zld A, Bql 44 ullzl t 4al

+lil6ll ?14. + Ell* + zla A, BE E^lql gc+
=g6}q
+qstr +zlql oJ'&g HI+zl *r 4c atrtr olf,alr, zlfr
Aq^l €ts6}.} E||el +qol zld Bql^J €96I= E||el +qE
778 3ulloltrl. + HHTI E EgB + 9l= zldg P+ B trll,
+ d A( -2, -1), B(10, 4)ql 46Lq +Col Colr tlzlB9 ^lq
d.4B ABPE Hol9 Bl*Ae? (+, + uflsl =zl| -r.q6}zl
z)olzl roJ flol C+ ABe+ 4qE t
dql^l "JB trll, d CE
?+r, szl.J + 9l= HI4= +E6l H4.)
+cee 6I= gol +4,]lb EBg EqlE ?olE +6}^le-.
e8km' @1okmz @12km2
@ 14 km2 @ 16 km'z
u sEe BE! 199

STEP Lllt! tldEfil xllgl'= ?11' flEl AE
?
@ fl4 rldel ?lfl rJ4l

78h ur* rdu zsz r
d -1, 3)ql^J fl. t+y'-6r-2y*6-091 rg F ddE

P(
781 ddg 44 A, B+ g trll, $48 PAB9 HolE?

Bq+ + zl 42x-y*1:0, 0r-y*q-091 F^lql d6l'= o
8/5
@
32
^.
!u-l
16/5
5
tlel Holzl. 5zrg nll, + "JE d+ 0, q4l ql6|q f +qA Ag? 5 D
64 ,., 32,15
os @z @g @
5
\r- D
@rr @ts
785
782 er* ol 9l+. rH+ zlol xG +lE d Aql^l g C,ql fg qI ddE
r'+s'-6x-4y*4-04 zl 4 y:Zr*k7l
fl. *L+^l rJzlE
B9 4olz} 4"J trll, EE d+ ftE ilE qle?
ddg p, d Aql^l g c,ql rg ql dcel dag Q?+ 6l-xl.
AP:AQ.J trll, d A9 rals= +61^19-.
o-e @-z @-0
@-s @-a
783
d (1, ft)ql^J fl (r-3)'+ (y*t)':eoll rg + dcol
^J_ts
+4oJ trll, "J+ eel fig?
@,11+r @,1t4-r @/r+
@ 2,n @ 2,114
200 +q'(s)
EgrtEol p.175
786 cu 765 789 E!=*

fl r' + a' + 4ar -Zay -3:0ol 4. x' + y' - 6r l7y *3- 09 +lE d Pel + d A(0, 8), B(2, 4)ql qoiq
fl x'+v'-4
Eeil= ol+sel q. ^J+ a4 7Î*? ,J4B pABE Hol9 al*ilg +6t^le-.
e-, @-+ @+
m
@ r @z
790
fl (r*2)'+(y*3)':259 +Cg A, fl4 44y-kr9 F
787 jildg 4zJP, Q+ 6tz[. e PQe] z)olzl alAz] g ,{, $48
zl&zlzf oo1 ot{ zld 7o1 olz[$f y--+r,9 :4E.e+ g APQE $ellel zJolE?
f +(y-z)':4ql E^lq dE+ ,ll, zlC /el -8. zlgzlE o +,1-2
ro @ 1o+/5 @ ro +2,12
@ ro +2,15
'ir oo
E-- f @ ro + 413
e-rs @-zo @-zz

@ -za @ -za
791
788 u-s rduls2r +lsBE +lE fl r'+E'-4rt2y*t-091 46Iq ol gql
fl. r'+y'+r6r-10y*8:0 gl9 d Ae+ 44 u-3y-13-0 d6]"= ddE 6 ^JE +zle + zlCel r{g P4 g trll,
rlol9 4?-lE aqalr+ 3l+alel Elg? 4 ezy +4tll= EBr+ 44. y:r+s ÎolE ,l?-lE al{*g
o zo @zz @z+ +6t^le_.
@20 @zs
il EEg HJEÎ 201

STEP Lltt! fdEril fl813 Crl PE
2
91r_1
792 79 t+ frUH Pick! irq87l*

3ls€H +lel d (-2, o)ql^J g @-z)'+(y-1)':4ql rg rB4 ?ol fl r'+s'-13 +lE + d A(-3, -2).
+ dCol ol? E 49 olf${+ {CE ,JC^lg E+ B(2, -3)r+ g 9lE .JEel d PE +ltd oE i{t t4B
+6I^le. ABPe-l Holg 4qae $O+a)"14. 0q4 aI+=_ 7al",<le.
(8, P4 ng 'IEAoJ z1€+ol+. )
793 EEaEgl
rB4 tol 6C Q, b)71 ^l\lÎ+H 9ql 9lr r€4. d Pql^J
d6lq y+4 + d Q, Rql^J P= alL+rEI+= flol gltrl-. d
zl&zlzl zo) zlCol ?14 "J+b 4 + P7l olH Ag S+ g trll,
QR:PS-69 "J+^lrJtrt. a'+b'\ ilg?
!/
795
rB4 ?ol "J HE aolzl t2oJ CÎ4B ABCDqI qd6IE
flol gl4. dE AD= r:ztr_.ll+61-= dg p+ 6lr, d+
Bpzl. g4 "J+* + Ag Q, R+ El ql, dts QRE zJolE
T +6|^le.
A B
27 29
o 2
@t+ @
2
P
@ts ^31
\u/ 2
202 +s:<8>
EgEtSol p.177
796 798
fl C: (r-h)'+(y-r)':4* 44 t'. mx-s*l:goll fl (r+ 2)'+ (s-r)':1 +l= Tzlol= d P(a, D)el fl
qi6}q (trzl)ql^J *e a"Jg fl= 4e r= ag? (r-a)'z+(y-1)':4 +lE Szlolb d a( c, d)ql qlolq
(*, k, m? $iol+. )
H7l
fie aq*g +61^le-.
m
r. ft:09 trll, zlC /g fl Cel Hol$ olftsoJ4.
t_. h:3oJ ull, fl ce+ 4d /ol "JLIE+ ol* df ze9
4*{te *"t'1.
c. m_2oJ trli, 4c /ol g ce++ d e, Bql^l "J+r fl ce_l
6Cg C4 6IE fr48 ABCz| Ct4Bol qE+ 6l+
e= d+ k41I4Be -+"1+.
@-r @ -r, u @u,=

@-,= @ -r, L, E
797 799
alE€Hql^J fl. r' +y' - 4r-t2y *20:04 *i u - kl r I 9
+ g r'+y'-t04 r'z* (y-z)':103 ^le += + dql^J
r4iETl trl= + dq^lE} "J+E+ 6l+ d+ kE <kE
"J+r fl r'+y'- 10el ql+e+ g r'+ (y -2)':10E el+el ^l.E
+F+Eg 4e61ts +g rH4 +tr+. Hfl= al k{pol+. afiq {lg +6}^le-.
d (s, 2)=
^lLlE
zlcol ala{} EBel Eelle+ !e r-}$,rll
dql^l "JH. ull. ol zldg E= zlgtlE #g +61-^le-.
r EEelBd^t 203
STEP Llltl €dErll flP[5 91"t Crt *E
2 Eg4Eol p.180
800 803 rdu 770 i
EOI
-r- E d (0, b)q^J fl r'+s'-bql rg + dd + zl&zlz| f,4o3
f+y2+4r:0, 12+y2+ lozf 24:o zldg /ol4 g oll, rG. yi "t {d /ql E^lql d6lE^J
ql E^lql d6l+ 4c + zl&zl7I "J+t zldg /ol4 6IzI. +Col 411ÎEE +lql 9lb fle + zlloltrI. + gE tlzlE9
{C /4 r1, ui9-e EBlr+"J EBfl Holg +6}^le-. ?ol9 Ele?
11 13
a) 2
@o @
2
15
@z @
2
@ flgEdet BFd^t
801
d (s, o)ql^l fl. r'+y'-eql rg + dC4 y+s-a E*lr+?l
+BE HolE +6}^le.
804
802 + g t+y'-9, (r- 4)'+(y-2)':L7ol îtr trI= + d A,
rB4 Bol fl r'+y'-16 +lE A b)ql^lE ddol fl p( a, Bql^J "JUtrI. + d A, Bql^J il. t+y'-eql rg + ddE
(r-8)'+a'-t4 r.Je 4= + dql^l "JB trll, a4 114 B9l= .u.dE alszt (a, b)g oll, a*bq 11g?
m{.a<nol4. m*n4 {}g +6}^le. (*, m, z3 t4ol4. )
ea @g @ro
@ rr @tz
(a, b)
204 +q'(s)
.^7lElE EE golEzl
=01
+ d A( -1, o), B(1, o)gl 4alq d p( a, b)zlPA'+PB'-48 "J+^la ql , (a-3)'+ (b+t)'E 3lE#g
cl
dTJQ) rl
=zJo
+61^le.
il
8802 otot Hlx{ tot Et-e,7?l
E-t oo-l-t rru
=o
'\7lEt schema
'.r'.r
TolI! I +S?lxl? ol
-
oIEXI EUlgr!?
.-..------------
'l snt
t-l--
+ tr A( -1,0), B(1, o)oll EH6U

o A( - 1, o), B(1, o) a'+b'-l EP(a, b)tlPA'+P3':45
@ oJ4,r.lzlo +
(a * t)' + b'' + (a- t)' + b' - 4
@P A + PB 4
2a'+2b':2
.'. a'+b,:l
E Pel xl+l= flEolr
HJrEq ?Jol7lloJ=col
=, golrl.
)ut
-L
0lttH, ,,t?.1
+61.=
e A( - 1. o), B(1, o) a'+b'-l (a-z)'+ (b+ q,)? +E
@ 4 Q, e)e+ d (9, -a)
(a,b), (s, -4) Alolel Zalel
IllErl Uo.EEfl r'+s'-1 ?l9l
@P A PB- 4
rlol9 zl49 xll$ Erl.E (s, -a) zalg
t ^lolE
El'l'J= +6|.G EElEl
+6lE Etl.
'2Jg
E (a-e)'+ (b+ t )'el alqat
ETI
fl r'+y':t ?19 Eul E

oA(-1,0), B(1,0) a'+b'-l (s, -4) lolel Zale-l il'l'Jg
@ 4. a'+b':l +lE d4
flel (0, o)rl E (s, -a)
=ctl=:l ITT(-qf:501
@ PA'+ Ff':A zll# ) ^lolE
U^l=el eoE qil'Jrt goEP
e (3, -4) ÎolE 449 (s t) 5* 1:60lEl.
j qal^1 ?6l.= =Je 61fl'J= tlE-d

,JOloe 6'?:3601r|..
B (a-z)'+ ( b+A)'el 44il 36 @so
rrr. EE9uJS^l 205

STEP LttCrgl8+|fl Zolzl=?l-zf €)@@e @@
805 ds z16 r
807
fl r'+y'+4x*3:0 +l= g4ol= d Pe+ + d A(0, 5), 2 ol^JE z}fl+ zoll 4ol{ 4 (n,0)ql^l fl r'+y'-lql rg
B(2, 3)ql ql6}q ep'+eP'q 4+Al4 4q*E qlg? dC + zllrl|gflq^J gq d6l-= ddE ddE i+s=
og0 @roo @roa
(r,, yn)ol4 6IzI. UzxUzxyax...xys{ *g?
@ ros @ rrz
o+ r=
@+ o+
/b ,16
@ D
\)
@ )
r)
808
rH4 zJol als$E +lq zl+= fl. t+y'-eE +4'J trll,
806 aETl r.J t*9ltol fl t+y'-s +19 d A(3,O)ql^lE

4. r'+v'-6r-2v-so1r4rl "J+= + dg 44 A, B+ dd flel d sql f.lil6}r. ?14. ol .J*+lcql^J zl+ql rg
oJ trll, 41tl}Btsql il= g +lE d Pql += dcq dd Bel =IEE 7a|.rle.
'il61-q *48
ABPE
Holz} z}€iz} qE+ 6|f A P9 zll;92 (+, d s= zllr,rlBE +lql il+.)
Ota @ts @to
@tz @rs
206 +Er(d)
EgrtEol p.182
809 ErEs 811

rB4 4ol fl r'*(y*3)':169 C+ ABE dE Cee ap
di y+4 A (0, -z)ql^J d6IE+ 6I9trI. 4d ABq += F d e, Be+ "Ju4. dE ABe+ s AB_s EBlr+oJ E€
%r-C^lg s:mr*no1\ g ul, + tl.+ m, n{l.ll6}q mn\ + H olzl. zl9 EB el H ol= s,, dts oBe+ -s. oB-tr E+lr I.J
*g +6|^le. (*, m)0) EB + HolzI zl3 EE9 Hol$ S,e] o121. S,:S,4 g trll. m
-g-= d+ kq lkE qlg +61-^ls.
(+, O= fldola, d Bel r4sE d AE ralstr4 rq. )
T
*(.q-13)2:t6
812
rB4 rJol d p( -3, 2)el fl (r- 3)'+y'-10 +lE + d A,
Bql q6}q PA:PB -s,l-zol4. + 4d PA, PBE zl*z\9
g.g Talrle.
u
zA
810 r.E87l= EU 771
olil*+ y-r'A r4s +lE dg +dstr alr y49l d6I= s,,o
T
g +ql^l 4N. s:,[5r-2e+ d6l= fl$ zrilol+. + fle]
qlxl59 ,JolE 7J4 a, D+ g ull, r00a6E Ag +6I^le_.
tn sBe U84 207

STEP Lllt! il89lil E6l2l= PlpriilrEs *E
3
813 815
+ g (r-F 1)' * (y-2)':10, (r- 2)'+ (y*t)': k (k> O)zl + d O(0, 0), A(6, o)ql El]6Iq d ez1 d AE €g6}q 4
+ d A, Bql^J "Jg trI, d+ ABel z)olzl z,l-zzy qE+ 6l^= OPAE a7l7l.JA6lE+ $zla}fl,!
^l4l Hlrll
HJ6Je-s
E.= ftel &E qle? gzl eq. 4 ezy T4.J A4zl krzl Elflg oil d g(7, 7 )ql^J
oso @sz @sa H+fl+. 30frE alg +6}^ls. (+, k= ^Jfol4. )
@s0 @sa
814 EEEEE
3|EgE +lE F A A(-5, -2), B(-1,6)ql q6}q 816
p zldql fl= qlolq= Hla 10,m km oJoil glb s= dEg
zAPB-4s'E "J+^l7lE d P7I ?ltrl.. qE d A, B,
^Je ^ll zJzla}{ p}Eq +4U+. p zldql^J .rjg 40 km zld tfltr-ql
PE zlLtts gel +dg c4 6IzI. oc':k4 g 7]+.6J ftE
"I, glfl oJ 49 u}|z} rl4 a km9 "JA+ +qes *zlolzl
*E qlg? (*, o= fldol4. )
HllE dq HJ.}4 t+ 44 zzlzl
%r-"}ol ol-T= L
Ooa @oo @os ^lzllutr}.
60'9 ull, ol HITI qloltrJ s+Eql !_942t
@zo @zz Î4e +tlz\ ael=
^lzlg?
O 4^lZI @ 4^lZI 30+ @ s^lrJ
@ 5^lZI 30ts @ 6^l+
208 +qr(8)
EgElEol p.l85
81 7 u*so I du Iz1 I
81 I Eq-sEEr
rH4 Bol F S c, 1 12+y'-L, cr'. r'+y'-8ol ?ItrI.
-g.E gE 6Cel 3J.sE +6Ir. r n+Cg ,!falr.le. g C,ql d6l-= zld /E %r-C^;g ar*by*1:0ol+. z1d /ql
€qair g C,ql dt{-= + zl 4& zJzJ 1,, 1,4 dlz}.
B P,(xr, y')g zld /,9lql 9ll-, d Pr(xr, yr)E 4d lrs+ III
fl C,9 ddol4. fur,*bs,*l)'(ar,lby,+1)'E *g
+6I^19-. (*, a, D= tl-+o]4. )
Pr(rr, y,
Cz
\
10
(rr, yr)
818
fl. r'+ (y-r)':1 flE d A(a, a)e+ g
(r+3'E)'+(y-3)':e +lE d B( c, d)ql qdlq
ac-tbd-0q 0ll, d AzI 444= EB9 40lE +6}^le-.
(*, ac*O)
820
.JE d+ aoll 4aI{ d p(
-2, a)ql^l il x,+s,_lql rg +
q,
dCE ddg 44 Rq 6Ir., dE eRE 6dg Mol?+
6IzI. B Mol r4b E€el %r-C^]g +6}^ls-.
m. sE9 "J8! 209

EEel 0l=
!olE qE LIE
.IH6HNIE
oovto @Bgolt
als$ts +lel f, d EE EBg .JC+ u}oje.E "JCt rl?-l"}fr|. Szlts 49
BflolEol4 {}+.
tr9 EUoIE
r.
d P( r, y)* r49 g'o'j9-tr arJZ. y?9 HJ-6J9-tr. P'(tla , E*b)

D"J+ BBolEeI del 4+s= P'(rla, y*b)o14.
b
d (r. y)* 249 HJ6Je.-e. aoJZ, yifl g-o}9E
a-'
DEI+ €flolta|. ag (r, y)
- (r*a, s*b)* o
?ol 44U4.
2.EEE BBoIE .f(r-a, u-b):o
,JC^l .f(r, u)
-0ol +E}ull= E€g r49 f(t, v) :Q (r', y')
u;a.re-e. a**, yi9 grajgE D"Jt BflolFtI
EBE'JC4e
o
f(r-a, y-b) -g
, @EtlEolE
i @ E4 rldoll Elltt qlsotE
. EEI|SEE' @ . cllA0l= , EE@ E11eot5g ottg! AE4at
tI EBg qE dg 6dg.e rso" EH€ ql altr€H d EE ia€g q€ d Eb zldql q6}q 'ila"J e E=
+19 El
iJg E€r+ sd6l 44xlE ol s€9 EB o e. szlE Ag ?+4 r d EE r zldql ql* Ell4olEol4 *tr}.
dEl]aE€ol4 t4. olrll. : dg r]lael
T. E9 E}lEOlE
6Col+ 6J+.
4AE 5C
4 (r, y)Z r1, y4, gd, zl 4. y:it, 44. a: -roll 44q 4X"lFt d9
(1) Jr+ : Q, -s) (-t, u) G, y) -t (t, y) u :7

(2) U+: (-r, y) a a a
qaq 6de qa€g ol3 cEg (3) gd : (-r,

.(y, e)
olEEql4. -s) T
(4) {C s-r: (y, r) a
(5) zl N. y:
(-v, -r)
-r '.
(-r, -y)
a
(t, -y)
(-g, -r)
. dE]lEEE @ 2.EEel EileolE
4Cg tr|{ dq^l Sd6l Aa^l=
"J
,JC^l f(r, y):0ol +EI.ll= E€9 r4,
EBg CEilaEBol+ qI+. olrll, f y4, fld, zJd y-r, 44 s: -roll ql6lq f(- t,rl :$ D,,,s):o
4cg qa+ol+ *tr}. 4dolffl EBel %r-{^le +gr+ ?JL+.
qe+ (1) r4 : .f(r, o
-U):0
(2) s+: .f(-t, !):0
f(-r, -rr--U
(B) gA : .f(-r.
-a):o f,,,-y):o
(4) zl 4y:r : .f(y, r):0 v v :7
(s) zl 4. y:-r'. f(-y, ,Y)
EIa+e'il8d9 ol9 CE$ -r):o
.f(a, r):o
fzlolEBt4. T
f(-u,-A-A
210 +q'(d)
STEP Eat^1=8+61. @@ @@
SgrlEol p.188
f,$[) BaJotE 824 u=s

E E= EE= EB0l56lE Ell= E+6ffitf. €Bol5 (r, y) - (r-L, s*4)ql el6l-q zld a-Zr-rol
*4zlb zldE ,Jt^lol y-ar*6.J trll, + tI+ a, b4l Eilo}q
EHHID abq tkg^ 7olr.le.
EE9 gBolEollî xiE E.Ello|EEJ EEe -BrEoltl.
fl, EECE ]IJgolEoll^l thEE U+^lZcl. m
=61, ^.1C,
O ald='J"Jo|EoU_E 7l?7l7l E6trl g=rl.
A flE E6J0l5d|GE Url=s\z)oltl Hdlrl ?Jr., trECg
EU0|E6|QE" olifdel /l+71E6lrl ?J=tl'. flzl sEd9
EgolEe z1z1 flel 4I!EE BgolSe-e
=calEEcel
r}|illolG 8zJ6l'E trJ aldltl.
821
B$olF (r, y) - (r*a, a+b)ql el6}q d (r, s;o1
825
d ( 4, 1 )e #4 e ol, a-t b4 AI9;? (i, a, e= ^J+ol+. )
A (1, 4)E d (3, 3)ee. SzlE BflolE9l E6lq zld
@-z @-1 (D0
a:mrln& *zlB zld y:3r-64 14 +lE 6J dql^l
@r @z +zlstr "Ju+. + tr-+ m, n4l'll6l-q mtng <ig?
e+ @r @+
@+ @z
822 u.w
4 Q,3)g d ( -1, s)tr *'71= BqolEql E6Iq
4 Q,4)a&A4* dE 6ls.=?
o(-r,2) @(-1,6) @(5,2)
@ (5, 6) @ (6, -1)
826 uEs
fl. r'+y'-2r*4g-$-09 r49 HJt63s-g PoJ+, vq,q
q"J+ *l4olFt} EBE %raalol
HJrdJs-tr
823 r'+y'+6r-zy-r-09 ull, + *+ p, q{l 4a}€ 0q4 AI&

44 zt+y-tk_09 r49 *olo s -3"J+, ai9 *alo -a +61-^le-.
z+A Bflol5lfl zldg /ol+ g trll, zlC /ol e ( -2, -z)Z
zlu+. ^J+ frel ile?
o-1 @0 @r
@z @s
n sE9,J84 211
STEP EE[^1I8E'"li t{C AE
1
827 829
-trEd a:r2- 4t* 19 sEd y -r2+ t-e. $zl| €BolEQl zlltl|gflql glb 4N. y-r+2 flE d P( a, b)E y4, fld9l
el6}ol 4d / '. r-y-2:0ol zld /'ge. &A4 trll, + 4d q6}q EIaolFqI 4g 4r+ P', P"ol4 6IÎ. c.4B PP'P"g
l+ t, zlfl}? H olzl 169 trll , a*b! 4g Talrle.
ÎolE
oO @ 2,lz (, 3,lZ
@4O @5O
@ qaot=
E !E= EE= r:[ Ets y4 s= fltr !E= y:rgll q16U
^.lC
qeo lEialts SrlE E+6lfi tl.
830
EEE@ *i y:f(r)9 :4uz}:84 eg ql, +q4l 4ol 4448
EEE 4A0|E01l^l i13 E-BrlolEE EE8 EtEiolrl.
fl, s=d9 qe0|E0ll^1 tl-S= "J=^liltl. r?.lls= zJzJ aq^lg.
=61, ^ld,rHSolEalE
O 7l=7lel trt{,Jo1 E6l^l ?j=tl.
^lC= HJ^l=el ,Jol7l E6frl eJa, sECE
e fl= cHSolEohGE
I
rHBolEolE 0lxtBfel Zl+el trft,Jo1 H6l^l ?J=tl. flal
E=del qeolEe 44 gel Gcal.E=cq +IlEe-l 2
t[|80l-Ee.e qill6|fr 8?j6l$ Eal6ftf. o

E:dolE, 4e0lE€ qal u u=-g n|t, gBol5zlal= +^1= -1 ,:f(r)
ulTolE ,Jal7l eIlU, E="Jo154 qeol53 +^l= Hl.+cl^l
olE6fxl ?JE= +el6lxl. (t) y-71t*2)-t (z)y_f(z-r)
E IE= EE= 4N r:a !E= EIC !:b E=_E (a, b)oll tH6lq
rH80lE-d trel 4l-8, EEel gtr^l= golFE trJaldlrf.
' @ aB€'d ilr
828
d A(3. 1)g r4q Eil6}q 4xolE{} dg 84 6l-tr, d BE (ily--f(r+r) (4) y: - f(t- r)
44. a:z9l 4al-{ 4?olff, dg C?+ 6J trll, 'J4B ABCE
+rll+cE a}sb?
o (+,+) 5
( Jc r) ,(+ +)
, (+,?) I
( r,)e r)
212 +q<E>
Egat*ol p.l89
831 u.s 834

44zr-s+r-09 r49 EJ-6Je--e -3"J+ E4olFtl * *N y-x'- r+ tog fldql ql6}q 41olFi 1y€9
44. u - rql ql6lq 4 d olFalB.cJ,-l oJ6}etr k"J+ €4olEEI +dol xG+ "J+zl ?+E+ 6l-b
fl. #+y'-2ar*4s*a2-09 HolE olFE6tS.4. tf a9 zl-€+ k4 rlli=?
4IZ? oa @s @o m
er @z @s @z @s
@q @s
@ EqEldot! EnEtEttaot=
Erl rlcoll rH-d rl|golEoil=
tr I E ( a, b)o\l tt|El rHAolEE gEolts Ell
rzl a.lc !/:mr* z0ll rtlEl 4a0l- gfE6l.= E8l

e E+6lHtl.
832 Er@
trrtrql rflaolE:tr P=
cfl-d E A0ll tH6|q EHeo|5-d
fl C, '. r'+y'-4rl2u-13-09 4i$y-tql Eilo}q tr01
QolE CE PQel E Ao1r1.
4{olEt flol c,ol+. ?l c, +lE "JEE dg P+ 6}r, g rzr alc0ll r}|El =tr01
ileolE: E P= rlc /0ll rt|6G qeoE-d Eol
c, +lE .JgE dg a+ g q, + d P, Q zl4E
^l-olel QolE rlc /P dE PQ= +rlol#-drl. ...... e)
3lE<le?
@ 3,12 @ 4,lz @ 50 I)
A
(J
@ 60 @ 7,12 AP
rl-- gol.FE Eal6lrl.
o E @, D)oil rllEl rll8ol5
E (r, y)elEE f(x, y):03 tr (a,6)0ll tl|6|G rt|EolEatE
?+] A (za- r,Zb-u), Ed f(Za- r,zb-s ) :00lcl'.
e.ld r:a}l|q{il qeolE
E (r, y)elEE fQ, y) -08 4E r:ao1l ttl6G
rilEolEolE 44 E (za- r, y), EE fQa- t, y) :00lrl.
O 5ld y:bo1l Ell-d qeo|E
833 E (r,y)el5.E f(r,y):03 4#Y:boll t1.;d1q

ct18olEolE 4?: E @,Zb-a),5.8 /( r,Zb-y) -00ltl.
d (1, -3)g zl+E 4C /g r49l q"lq 4lol5t1 si qeol# G
olEoll gHJE?l 4# y:mr*n011tH-d 0lEdlq
r49 HJrtJe-tr -a$E B4olEqI +g trl-^l y49l Ell4q
44olEal-HqLl g4 zld /r+ gxl6}strl". zld t9 zl&zlz =0|-drl.
+61^le_.
83s
d (s. 4)E zl N a: -r*2ql Ell6}ol 41ol*ial d9 alezl-
(p, q)"J trll , p'+q'E #g?
@z @s Gr a
@s (00
tn. EE9 ,JE^l 213

STEP Ea[îI8E"lF 6-{C *E Egstilol p.192
1
*d04. EllSo|EE olEil IlE4al

838 u={v
Esl 4lColl tt|-Ll'4e0lEE 0l86|G ElETlal= ?dl.= trIgg + d A(2, 1), B(6, 4)e+ 44. y-r +lE S4ol* d
=ll= pE +qU 4o14. trlg Egql B-6I^le-.
E+6lfitf.
T
Pg 6]l€ TIP
F Eol EF 4d= 7l=e_e ,J3 +oil gl= nll, + 80il^-t 4c 8(6, 4)

+lsl Ezl^lE zalel il01 aaTlE trtl= rP=4 eol -d E=
4C0il rH6U EHeol=El E"l rl= -d E 7laltr +g +
^lolE (2, t)
9lrl.
qe0lE il.J o
71el
.) + a (1) AP+BP9 4*<}g +61^le.
(2) AP+BPzl lrzl qE+ 6l^= d PE 3ls= +6}^le.
836
d A( -3,z)qlî y+ +)el e PE 44 4 B( -1, -Z)llxl
,I= fl$4 ?-l*?
@ z,lz @ B,lZ @ 40
@ sO @ 6,12
837 s=s
+ d A(4, 3), B(2,5)e+ r4 9E S{olE A P, s+ +l=
szlolts d aql q4q ep+pa+aBE 4+{}e?
I]
Os @ro @tz
@ta @ro
211 +q<E>
STEP LttC gCE{l i{lEl-= ?l-uf @@ @e 8'Jlt Eol p.l93
\ iE{6HnlE.
8tr 01 o o'to 841
fl. f +y'-2r*6y*6-09 r49 Btt}e.tr -2trJ*, sE9
839
HJ-6Je
-tr sEJ+ €EolEtI +lg C+ g
fl Cz1 214
trI,
r*y-3:091 e.ltl}q F Hts"-e ++qdq. + ++E Hol9
il+?
m
?t) y)rol{ xifl s"J;- olE"J+.
HJ-6Je-tr
O 2tr*2 @ 2zr*4 @ 4r
(.+)y(rolB y€9 *olo-e 2+Z olEqlq.
@ +r+Z @ nr+A
(4) y-aolE rl olt olgaizl ?*=4.
4rzy d A(3, 8)ql^l d Bql^J rJ olt olf,olzl

=g6}q
?tg tril, d BE ralsg+ y4s'9 qlg?
B.
A
ti
8t+2
fl t+y'-2ql d6}r zl&zlzl moJ 4dg y+9 HJr6Je--E
o
6EI* BqolEalflqq +^l g r,+y,_2ql d6}fl+. d+
.')
Oza @z+ @zz m\l 4t;14 m'4 1k9;?

@zo @ts
o+ @+ @+
@+ ^9
w7
840 ue*
fl r' + y' +2r -
6s -6:ool BB.IE
843
(r, s) (t*k, y-2)ql E6Iq #Ad gol zld fl. t+y'-6r*8:09 r49 H'6'J9*e arJZ, s=4 HF6Je-e
-
3r* 4y*t0-04 d6IE+ 6I= EE *+ kE rtel #g? DtrJt €{olF+ flol zll2^}+tsqlrl y?4 44.y:-eq
e -ss @ -sr @ -zz t^lql dB trll. a*bA 1k*?
@ -zs @ -rg o-3+,12 @-2+o o-t+,12
@ -3+/5 @ -z+/5
il EE9BJEÎ 215
STEP Lllt! ddErll {E}5 91e1 cE} 8E
2
thh E!=s th7

.gEC y-x'+2ax*za'* gEd y-t+a'-aE Szlb (trzl)olld r49l qt6lq 44olFrlAg oll zlzl zI{4
€flol5gl el6}q g C, : 12* (y-S)':e= BBolE" t fl9 .Jil6i= ia€E ,JA^]Elg 9l= qle rE ae?
c,4 6|H + fl C,, C,7l ^Js +E + d A, Bqlî "J+r H7l
AB:zoltrt. "Jf a9 Ag +6lr^19_. -T
r 2
.. lrl*lyl-a
c. y-r'lzld-g
=. r'+y'-3r*1:o
Or,u @-,= @r,L,E

@-r,L,E @u,E,E
845 u=s
4+s€Hq^J d o(0, 0), A( -4, 0), B(0, 3)g +lldstr
^-ll
6l+ +48 OABE Sflol5t EBg +48 O'A'B'+ 6IxI.
d A'el alszt Q. t)oJ oll, S4B O'A'B'ql qld6l-= gE
.%r-C
g ( r - 0)' * (y - q)' : rol4. p + q * r 4 69 Talrl e.
^l
(+, p, q. rY ^Jfol4. )
*E 02-/ rfl8015
848 Erss Lt*s?
4N zr+y-J-o9 44. y -rql ql6}q 44olF* * r49
846 u= s HJ-63s-tr k*e BBol5rl$ ?l (r-2),+y,_be+
"JUtrIir.
g
als$E +lE d P(r, y)zl trIg$ Ag +aql 4+ oiF.JtrI *ll, d+ kE aIE H+l= +61I, r 4Cg ,tJ$ai.rle.
?t) ry)og ull, 44s-xql EI6Iq q14ol]a"oiJ.,

r)yoJq1
.r<yol$ 4 Q*4, y-6)94 olE"J+.
$) ry10"J trll, e49l ql6}q 44olEoJ4.
(4) xy-0olE olf,alzl ?*a H++.
4Yzy d eB6Iq zH olFalr. d (a, b)q^l

(5, 2)ql^l
H+4r B "ll , a*b-tnq ilg +6}^le.
216 +q'(s)
Cg4gol p.194
th? rdu Bze I

852 urw
44 y:-2tt3 +lE A P( a, b)ql qldlq d PE zld s.Ed u:r2-2x-2 +lel ^ls 4= + d A, Bz| zld y:roll
y:r{l ql6}q 4dol$fl dg a+ 611, d PE geql ql6}q rl6lq qag ql, C+ ABE ?olb?
4dol5o.J Ag R+ 6|-zl. t4€ peRE Holzt 459 trll, o 2^[i @ ,ln @ 2,16
a*bA Atg? (t, a( o)
@,t% @2,17 III
@z @s @a
@s @0
850
--4.y-t'+3rE r+,4 ryaje-E atrJZ EEolFalH 4C
y: -r9-+. ^Jtr trl= + d p, Qql^l "J+r + d p, Qzl fldql 853 er* rdso3or
ql6lq 4{o14. + d P, Qg ra}s9 Eg? rflr+ ?3 rq A= +4rll= *C 4ol f(r, y):09 41,
(Bzl)q^J EB BE +$Lll= rJ{{ss *g a"Jg 9l=
e-t @-2 @-s qlE r.E^19-.
@-1, @-s
2
A
I
-2 -r
B
-1
-2
H7l
851 -t.
f(r*a, y*3) -0
a|sBH +lE + d A(tt, k),8(1, s)= 44.y-rql ql6}q -.f(-r*2, v*S)-g
4dolfq} 4g 44 A', B'?+ 6t1, zld ABe+ {d A'B'el ...f(-r, -y*1):0
rdg P4 6|zI. + ;s4B APA', BpB'9 Hol9 ulz} g :a9 =. f(y*a, tr*3):0
ull, $48 ApA,E Hol$ mol! 6lzl. k-tmg llg +6}^le-.
(t, o<fr<11)
u sBe UE*l 217

STEP Lllt! flEEXI illsl.= ?l"J dt} aE
?
854 856 rnuo3ol

,JC^l f(r, y)-0ol L++q= E€ol rHr+ gol d (2, 0),
,JA^lf(r, y) -0ol +4.11= E€ol rB4 ag ql,
^ll
f(+-r, y):0, .f(l-r, -v):0, .f(y, r):0ol +4q1ts (0, - 2), (4, -2)= +lidss 6l+ s4B oJ trll, EB
.ril rseE Eel,r+ql ++E Holb? .f(r, y):0 919 4 @,6)e+ E€ f(y+r, -t-3):0 919
4 k,d)q q6}q fla 4Ea+ 4+(tE qle?

f(r, v):o
24
o
-2 .f(r, v):o
eta @tz @zo
5 8 11
@zs @za o J
@ o
J
\r- 3
t4 A17
te -5 \e/ __
t(t
3
85s 857
a'+b'-4De trJ+61-b + 4i a, aql ql6l.q g
fl. r'+y'+8r* 4s*rc-0 + A PQ, b), Q(c, d)ql
919
t* (y*Z)':tg r49 HJi6'J9.-ts avJfl, ui{ *oJ-o g ,"Jt ql6lq
BBolFt E€9 zI+lE Cq 6IzI. E€ CE Hol=? ffia 44atg M, 4)*1kg mol4B trI , M *m4
@zr @gr @gz' {lg +6}^le_.
@ tOzr @ ttz
218 ++<s)
8=illl Iol p.197
@ Erl.rldoil rtlt]EtlgotE 861

4d sz-y-2-09 4C r-2s*6-091 q6}q 44ol5t
858 {Cg %r-4^lg +6}^le-.
44 E: -3r-s9 d (1, z)ql q6}q 4{ol$fl zld /E
%IC4g y:ar|br+ g 4, a+bE ag +6}^ls. m
(*, a, r= d+o14. )
862
Effiol + 4 Q, -1)4 (0, 5)E 4e + + dol
+lql
AilE+ Eisol= fl { dfl+. ole+ aol dg trll,
d ( - 7, 6)0l Azlb d9 rrlEs+ y3+s9 E€ +6}^le-.
859
olil*+ a-i+19 r4rE d (2, -1)ql ql6}q
'ilaolFt
r4s= olit*+ y-t+lel :4uE gdql ql6lq
44olftl s r4g HJ6'Je-e atrJ!, ylg 8.6J9_E
'"J+*g?
Sqol*+ rqlse+ ?JL+. + tI+ a, b4l ql6}q a*bq
@z @g @+
@s @0
863
rH!+ Aol als€Eq qI H9 lolzt 6.J AÎ4B +le-l d
P(6, 4)q^J +g Hol CÎ4BE Hql + { H}^}qq gd oql
EBotf,g ull. 4ol €.zl"J ,lEl=?
(t, oJrI44 HIÎ4E aTlY A+. )
4 P
860 erEw tt*s? rdu B3s r
x'+y'+6r*4y*4-09 44. y:mt*zoil 4a|{

fl.
4dol*alE fl x'+y'+zr-r2ytk-0ol € oll, ,tll *i k,
m, n4 * kmn9llg +6IL, r. 449
^l+6}^ls. @ 2167 @ 2,169 @ 2,171
@ 2,175 @ tor6
n =,EeUErl 219
STEP LllC fltEXlx{El-= ?lzf Cit*E
2
864 866
rH4 ?ol glglrl -H_gtg ull zlE, ^llsE z)olzl44 r80 cm, ^Js
+= ^ll d A(3, -1), B(6, 3), c(p,2)E €a6lq
e0 cm?l zl^l-48 ABCD l.oJg 'J+'H +lql 4c ABe+ 4d ErllE z)olzl3ld"J $4€g "JE trll, ol s4BE Hol=?
BCllzlE 4 elzl zJz!60 cm, 20 cmoJ +lzlql B++ol +q oa @0 @a
ll4. ol B++g a^J E BC, CD, DAql ilqltr +qqi + d @ ro @tz
Bel +lzlql^l *ol H+flg trL ol B+tol B+ql 9lql^l
g{"J 4?-l=? (+, 'J++9 r.q6}zl
=zle+'J+{E +4lE
g+sq B+tg g4dee *zlolr, Hq +qE ql E^l4el
a71e+ HI^|4E a7lY,<1e *4. )
--. 180 cm -----..-.-

--------
A D
90 cm
...------..,
20
C
cm
O 200/5 cm @ 100fi3 cm
@ 100fi4 cm @ 100fi5 cm
@ 400 cm
867 lEqsEB
a+s€E glql + d A(-2,3), 8(6, s)zl" il4. r+9lel +
d P, ae+ zl 4. u:zd Rql Ello}q
919
eP + Pn+nq + QBE al*{tg +6}^le-.
*tr 04 qSoIEE oltil ttu4al
16 5 u-s r du B3L osg r
a+s€E +lE + d A(0, 4), B(5, 3)q rG 919 d P, 4d

y:x +lE d Qql E}ltllq ep+pa+QBz} 4+*g 7Ie rI,
4d POE 'JC^lg ax*yt6:0o14. 4i a, Dql q4q
a*b4 ftg +6}^ls.
220 +E
Eg4Eol p.201
868 869 l!$U Pick/ aE87t*

rHr+ ,Jol TltrE rJolsi z)olzl44 so, aoql
^llsE
Z]^}4€ ABCDZT 9I+. H ABE 3 : 1.8 q]86}= dg P, H 914. y++lel d Pe+ g c +lE d aql q6].q AP+pO9
BCe+ H Co +lE 'JelE Ag 44 Q, R+ B ull,
po+Qn+RAE 4+<le?
III
8
(e*3)'z* (u-B)':
80
P
B -----
50----
-3 -1 o
e roo @ rooE @ toor6

@ zoo @ too/s
tn EE9BE4 221
STEP Lllt! tlEErll
^lEl=
?lPl Csl AE
.ATlElE a= g0lsazl
=01
3+sBE +.lel + d A(0, 4), B(5, 3)q ,r+ +lE d P, 44 u:t 9le.l A Oql Ell6}q AP+PQ+QBrI 3l+Ag zle EL
Eao 5.212)
zld PQE 'J4^-lg ar+y+6:0o14. 4i a, Dql qldlq a*bg {lg +ot^le-.
E}
rl
P804 EtlSo|EE oltql al 865

^ltrJ7j
'\7lEl schema
'::.':]
+oltl =
+Ig!xl? ol E ol8Xl EZlgIl?
'1:=!
E A(0, 4)= r4oll Eildlq
O A(0, 4), B(5, 3), v :T qeoEEl EE A'olal6lE
lr++JE dP, + A'(0, -4)
44 y-r +lE d a
A
B E B(s, 3)E Eld y-r0l EH6|G
@ qaolEEt EE B'olal dlE
O eP+Pq+QBzI 4a B'(3,5)
o ;ull, 4p : eT. eB : QEo 1c1..
lg
AP-+PQ+Qn-4n-+pO+QE
e A(0, 4), B(5, 3), u r olr' A P-+PQ+ory-3 Lit E
r4 ?19 d P, A" P, Q, B',ol "J^.ld ?loll ?t= nll
4N y-r +lel da A
A-/B/etr
@ ts
=,
^laolrl.
AP+PQ+Qezf Ell"J rtl, F
O eP+Pq+QBzI 4^ + E P. Q=
^ld
A,B,+loll +lilEltrl.
3.rar
qalî +61.= Eld PQE g8^lP

e A(0,4), B(5,3), T Eld A'B'el uEAlIl; eoEe
14 919 d P.
44 y-r +lel d a A v-ffr-4,v:B,.-4
@ B
4, -gr+y*a:ooll,l.l
a- -3, b:4
O eP+Pq+QBzI 44 3t*u*4:0 .'. a*b-I
A1
) 1
-
1
E 4d PQ '. ar*st&:O9 41 a*bq <k @r
222 +q<8>
STEP qtcEIS+|fl Z;;lzl=+l-Lf €)@@@ @@
Egrtlol p.202
870 frUH Pick/ EESEE ds 866 871

rH4 Aol Er^1tr tsq il= zldse /4 B^J+q^l + aE A, B Îolql sol 10 mt Etr7l- ?Itr].. rB4 trol F
gffiog tsq gl= zldse mol oliy 7+* 4s"ol4. + aE A, Bql^J EsE AAl$ttzlE Z 4Y 4?+ 10 m,
4cEe t4 mol "J+= zld oe+q €+ tr 3 km B q 4r o 5 mol-Z, + aE A, B rlolg 44= 5,[n mol4. aE Aql^J
zldql^J ++etr 1km Eq4l zldq e+4 AzI ?14. 4+4 4EB,nyzl olfolE 44tl alAolfl^l E-tre+ +zlol qE+ III
AE €g6ll.rl zl{s._tr / +19 e} zld4 4dEE m ?)AxJ Etr +lql BBes= "JE trL aE Aq^J ol $S_H_E * 44
zldg ilqls A+6Iq C+d Atr E-ots= EtrE "JEqr dE se olt6J-= Z elel 4l*ile?
+4. "J=qr 6I= E-89 z)olzl 4^7l qE+ zlcE_tr. / (+, aEE aTlel SE-es.e-1 +g +^l+trI.)
+lE 6J zldql c+A B, zldEtr_m flg oJ zldql c+A
AEB
c= "J= trll, + a+4 Be+ c ÎolE ,l?_l(km)Y?
5m
(+, tr_eE +g +^16|q e.E xldq E_trts E.J €H +lql fl+. )
.ln 10m
=
,'.l /_ .=.
o
I
t-J 41m
10m
a=e@
/
+ e25m @gom @gsm
1 km
@40m @45m
r=
/b 7,15 2,15
o 2
@
t2 @
3
3/5 5,lE
@
4
o 6
872 rdu 868 I
:H4 &ol tlzlB9 ,Jolzl tolt_ *lc4E a7l7l60"oJ

+illE BOAE s. AB +lql + d A, Bzl" o1g d P= tftq.
+ H OA, OB +l= +4olb dg 44 Q, R+ tt trll, ,J4B
PQRE Efllel 4ol9 fl*ile?
B
o36 @ 4,lz @o
@ 4,13 @a
STEP Lllt! El8+|fl Eolzl5 ?lur ilr.UE *E
3
873 875
rB4 ?ol zl 4 y-r flql + d A, Bz| ffi- z,l-z? 4l-s€E +lE d A(5-2a, a)* u€'4l 'l]6}q 4?olF,t} +
"J+^lrlq g4olr gl+. + d c(1, -1), D(7, r)q 'll6l-q 44.y-rql Ellolq 4{ol*.lJ dg B4 6}i1, c'4B oABq
^l-48
ACDBE Eqlel 4ol9 al*Ate? 9dg P+ El oll, ,J4B OBPE Hol9 4+Ae?
(+, d 89 ralsTl d AE ral-Etr4 ftrI.) (+, o= gdol+. )
v t 6)5
Ot -4 @+
@+ @z
@ a,E+z,lro @ a,lT+z,lto
@ z,l2+ t,[to @ z,lT+orrto
@ tO+ uln
87 4 urs
fl (r-2)'+y'-r0 919 4ezy gl4. d PE r49 B-6Je--E
-z"JE Eflolffl + {d y:r{l 'll6}q 4{ol$fl dg 04
6IzI. + d A(r, -/5), B(3, /5)q
'I6Iq ci4e ABQ9
Hol9 al*<ig S, olqE A P9 ral-s$ a4 g trll, a*S9
TLOO
D(EI
e a+a/S @ ro+,6 @ ro +2,15

@ tz+/5 @ rz+zl5
221+ +*
8=JEtlol p.203
g7 6 du 846
g7g rs 835
rB4 Aol eL E9 2ol7} 6oJ C^l4B ABCD soJE +ol7l-

+4ql el6lq 4Is€E 9l= gzlqlq. 91trI. d+ ADe+ CD= L : ztr- LllEoIb 4g 4r+ E, Fq
611, d+ BEe+ BFE db dge 6Lq 44 ;J4B ABEe+
0D e P= r49l 4"J 44olE, yaoll 4"J 4XolE, geql BCF= dg ull, + d A, c7l s4 zl* 4g ?+4 A" c'olEl m
4"J 41oltE +AlE 6J +414 ilqle qIBrlEd
^ll 6IzI. d+ A'C'9 ,Jol zy v\, p+q4 #g +6}^le.
olEo.JtrI. fi,rz"J
G) € Q= 44.u-rql 44olE, y4{l 4aJ 4dolE,
E.ll"J (+, pe+ n5 ,tJtri.J xl€fol4. )
44.y-rql r]]q} 4{ol+, r49l 4t} r{aolEE ql t4E A,--

E
D
f, t!l&l ilflE *$al$d olE"J+. i
+ d p, Q= fle+ ee t4l4e 2000H9 olEilg trI, +a

P, Qzl-gil6].= q+E 7al^le.
li
(*, "Jil6I= q+ql^l ^llel6J+.
)
=gde
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