English Only

‫ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻨﺰل ﺗﺤﺖ وﺗﺸﻮف "اﻟﻨﺺ ﻣﻊ‬،‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ إذا ﻣﺎ ﻓﻬﻤﺖ اﻟﺼﻮت ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﻜﻦ إذا ﻟﺴﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻬﻤﺖ اﻟﻜﻼم‬
‫ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت ﻣﻬﻲ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﻔﻬﻢ اﻫﻢ‬..‫ ﻻ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﻛﻠﻤﺎت‬،‫ ﻣﺮة ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬."‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬.

Time: 00:00
.. .

Neil
Hello. This is 6 Minute English. I'm Neil.
Sam
And I'm Sam.
Neil
Sam, have you considered the future of food much?
Sam
Well I think in the future I might have a sandwich – in about 30 minutes in the future.
Neil
Not quite what I meant! With the population of the world increasing along with the negative
effects of climate change and other global issues, we might have to radically change our
diets in the future.
....

Sam
Ah, yes, I have heard about this – there are all sorts of developments from growing artificial
meat to developing insect-based foods.
..

Neil
Mmm, tasty. Well we’ll look a little more at this topic shortly, but we start, as ever, with a
question and it’s a food-based question. In which continent did tomatoes originate? Is it…?
A: South America
B: Africa
C: Asia
What do you think, Sam?
..

Sam
No idea. I’m going to say Africa, but that’s just a guess.
Neil
OK. Well I will reveal the answer later in the programme. On a recent edition of BBC Radio
4’s The Food Programme there was an interview with Dr Morgaine Gaye. She is a
futurologist. A futurologist is someone who studies and predicts the way we will be living
in the future. Her particular area of expertise is the subject of food. What two things does she
say she thinks about?
..

Time: 01:33
Dr Morgaine Gaye
As a food futurologist, I think about not just what we’re going to be eating in the future but
why. Why that thing, why that trend, why will people suddenly latch onto that food, that way
of eating that food at that particular time? And when I work for large companies, that’s what
they want to know. There is an element of a hunch. And then proving or disproving that
hunch.
..

Neil
So, what two things does she think about?
Sam
She says that as a food futurologist she thinks about what we will be eating in the future
and also why we will be eating that food.
..

Neil
Yes, in particular she looks at why there are particular trends. A trend is what is popular
now or what is becoming popular. For example, at the moment there is a trend for eating
less red meat.
..

Sam
She also looks at why people latch onto particular trends. To latch onto here means to be
very interested in something. So, if you latch onto a particular food trend, you start to follow
that trend, you might start eating that particular diet.
..

Neil
Information about future trends is very important for companies in the food business. How
does she actually predict these trends?
Sam
She says she starts with a hunch. A hunch is a feeling you get that something is true. You
don’t have any real evidence, but your experience and knowledge make you think you might
be right.
..

Neil
Let’s listen again.
Dr Morgaine Gaye
As a food futurologist I think about not just what we’re going to be eating in the future but
why. Why that thing, why that trend why will people suddenly latch onto that food, that way
of eating that food at that particular time? And when I work for large companies, that’s what
they want to know. There is an element of a hunch. And then proving or disproving that
hunch.
..

Neil
Dr Gaye goes on to talk about how on the subject of food, there are restrictions. Why is that?
..

Time: 03:32
Dr Morgaine Gaye
Food business of course has different restrictions around it because it’s about safety, we’re
ingesting that. The supply chain and the labelling laws are very stringent especially in this
country so it takes longer to get an ide-a from just a concept that’s discussed around a table
to an actual production facility, labelled, branded, tested, marketed and put on the shelves.
..

Neil
So, why restrictions?
Sam
Well, it’s about safety. Because we are ingesting food, which is a way of saying we are
putting it into our bodies, it has to be safe.
..

Neil
It can be a long process of developing a new food and getting it into the shops because of
the need to be safe and meet the laws of different countries. In the UK she mentions that the
food safety laws are very stringent. This means that the laws are very tough, very strict.
Let’s hear Dr Gaye again.
..

Dr Morgaine Gaye
Food business of course has different restrictions around it because it’s about safety, we’re
ingesting that, the supply chain and the labelling laws are very stringent especially in this
country so it takes longer to get an ide-a from just a concept that’s discussed around a table
to an actual production facility, labelled, branded, tested, marketed and put on the shelves.
..

Neil
Right, well before we review our vocabulary, let’s get the answer to the question. In which
continent did tomatoes originate? Is it…?
A: South America
B: Africa
C: Asia
Sam, what did you say?
..

Sam
I made a guess at Africa.
Neil
Well, I’m afraid that’s not right. Congratulations though to everyone who said South America.
Right, let’s recap today’s words and expressions.
..

Time: 05:12
..

Sam
OK, well we started with the word futurologist. This is a noun to describe someone who
studies and predicts the way we will be living in the future.
..

Neil
Then we had trend. This word can describe what is popular now and the way in which what
is popular is changing. For example, now we are seeing a trend for eating less red meat in
some parts of the world.
..

Sam
If you latch onto something, you become interested in it and associate yourself with it – we
heard that people very quickly latch onto food trends
..

Neil
Then there was hunch. A hunch is a feeling about something you think might be true even
though you don’t have real evidence for it. Ingesting something means taking it into your
body, so eating or drinking it.
..
Sam
And finally, a stringent rule is a very strict rule, a tough rule or law which in connection to
food is designed to make sure it is safe and of a suitable quality.
..

Neil
OK, thank you, Sam. That’s all from 6 Minute English. Goodbye!
Sam

Bye!
 ‫اﻟﻨﺺ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬
‫ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻨﺰل ﺗﺤﺖ وﺗﺸﻮف "اﻟﻨﺺ ﻣﻊ‬،‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ إذا ﻣﺎ ﻓﻬﻤﺖ اﻟﺼﻮت ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﻜﻦ إذا ﻟﺴﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻬﻤﺖ اﻟﻜﻼم‬
.‫ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت ﻣﻬﻲ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﻔﻬﻢ اﻫﻢ‬..‫ ﻻ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﻛﻠﻤﺎت‬،‫ ﻣﺮة ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬."‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬

00:00 :‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬
Neil
Hello. This is 6 Minute English. I'm Neil.
‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬
.‫ أﻧﺎ ﻧﻴﻞ‬.‫ دﻗﺎﺋﻖ اﻻﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰي‬6 ‫ ﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬.‫ﻣﺮﺣﺒﺎ‬
Sam
And I'm Sam.
‫ﺳﺎم‬
.‫وأﻧﺎ ﺳﺎم‬
Neil
Sam, have you considered the future of food much?
‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬
‫ ﻫﻞ ﻓﻜﺮت ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم ﻛﺜﻴﺮا؟‬،‫ﺳﺎم‬
Sam
Well I think in the future I might have a sandwich – in about 30 minutes in the future.
‫ﺳﺎم‬
.‫ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬30 ‫ أﻋﺘﻘﺪ أﻧﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻗﺪ أﺗﻨﺎول ﺷﻄﻴﺮة ﻓﻲ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ‬،‫ﺣﺴًﻨﺎ‬
Neil
Not quite what I meant! With the population of the world increasing along with the negative
effects of climate change and other global issues, we might have to radically change our
diets in the future.
‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬
‫ ﻗﺪ‬،‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺼﺪﺗﻪ! ﻣﻊ ﺗﺰاﻳﺪ ﻋﺪد ﺳﻜﺎن اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ و اﻵﺛﺎر اﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﺎخ واﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى‬
.‫ﻧﻀﻄﺮ إﻟﻰ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻲ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﺬري ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
Sam
Ah, yes, I have heard about this – there are all sorts of developments from growing artificial
meat to developing insect-based foods.
‫ﺳﺎم‬
‫ ﻫﻨﺎك اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺘﻄﻮرات ﻣﻦ زراﻋﺔ اﻟﻠﺤﻮم اﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ اﻷﻃﻌﻤﺔ‬- ‫ ﻧﻌﻢ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺳﻤﻌﺖ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬا‬، ‫آه‬
.‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺸﺮات‬
Neil
Mmm, tasty. Well we’ll look a little more at this topic shortly, but we start, as ever, with a
question and it’s a food-based question. In which continent did tomatoes originate? Is it…?
A: South America
B: Africa
C: Asia
What do you think, Sam?
‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬
 .‫ ﻟﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺳﻨﺒﺪأ ﻛﺎﻟﻌﺎدة ﺑﺴﺆال وﻫﻮ ﺳﺆال ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻐﺬاء‬، ‫ﻼ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع ﻗﺮﻳًﺒﺎ‬ً ‫ ﺳﻨﻨﻈﺮ ﻗﻠﻴ‬، ‫ﻣﻢ ﻟﺬﻳﺬ ﺣﺴًﻨﺎ‬
…‫ﻓﻲ أي ﻗﺎرة ﻧﺸﺄت اﻟﻄﻤﺎﻃﻢ؟ ﻫﻞ ﻫﻲ‬
‫ أﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ‬:‫أ‬
‫ إﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬:‫ب‬
‫ آﺳﻴﺎ‬:‫ج‬
‫ﻣﺎ رأﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎم؟‬
Sam
No idea. I’m going to say Africa, but that’s just a guess.
‫ﺳﺎم‬
.‫ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬا ﻣﺠﺮد ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ‬، ‫ ﺳﺄﺧﺘﺎر أﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬.‫ﻻ ﻓﻜﺮة ﻟﺪي‬
Neil
OK. Well I will reveal the answer later in the programme. On a recent edition of BBC Radio
4’s The Food Programme there was an interview with Dr Morgaine Gaye. She is a
futurologist. A futurologist is someone who studies and predicts the way we will be living
in the future. Her particular area of expertise is the subject of food. What two things does she
say she thinks about?
‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬
‫ اﻟﻐﺬاء( ﻣﻦ رادﻳﻮ ﺑﻲ ﺑﻲ ﺳﻲ‬/‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺸﺮة اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ )ﻓﻮد‬.‫ ﺳﺄﻛﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻻﺣًﻘﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬.‫ﺣﺴﻨﺎ‬
‫ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻳﺪرس وﻳﺘﻨﺒﺄ‬.‫ ﻫﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬.‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻨﺎك ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﻣﻮرﺟﻴﻦ ﻏﺎي‬
‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺸﻴﺌﺎن اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻔﻜﺮ‬.‫ ﻣﺠﺎل ﺧﺒﺮﺗﻬﺎ اﻟﺨﺎص ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﻐﺬاء‬.‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻨﻌﻴﺶ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ؟‬

01:33 :‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬
Dr Morgaine Gaye
As a food futurologist, I think about not just what we’re going to be eating in the future but
why. Why that thing, why that trend, why will people suddenly latch onto that food, that way
of eating that food at that particular time? And when I work for large companies, that’s what
they want to know. There is an element of a hunch. And then proving or disproving that
hunch.
‫دﻛﺘﻮر ﻣﻮرﺟﻴﻦ ﻏﺎي‬
، ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻫﺬا اﻟﺸﻲء‬.‫ ﺑﻞ ﻟﻤﺎذا‬، ‫ ﻻ أﻓﻜﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻨﺄﻛﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ‬، ‫ﺑﺼﻔﺘﻲ ﺧﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻄﻌﺎم‬
‫ ﺑﻬﺬه اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﺎول ﻫﺬا اﻟﻄﻌﺎم ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬، ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﻠﺘﺼﻖ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻓﺠﺄة ﺑﻬﺬا اﻟﻄﻌﺎم‬، ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻫﺬا اﻻﺗﺠﺎه‬
‫ ﺛﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ إﻣﺎ إﺛﺒﺎت أو دﺣﺾ ﻫﺬا‬.‫ ﻫﻨﺎك ﺣﺪس‬.‫ ﻫﺬا ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﻳﺪون ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬، ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬات؟ وﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ أﻋﻤﻞ ﻟﺪى ﺷﺮﻛﺎت ﻛﺒﻴﺮة‬
.‫اﻟﺤﺪس‬

Neil
So, what two things does she think about?
‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬
‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﺎ اﻟﺸﻴﺌﺎن اﻟﻠﺬان ﺗﻔﻜﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ؟‬، ‫ﻟﺬا‬
Sam
She says that as a food futurologist she thinks about what we will be eating in the future
and also why we will be eating that food.
‫ﺳﺎم‬
.‫ﻀﺎ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻧﺄﻛﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻄﻌﺎم‬
ً ‫وﺗﻘﻮل إﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻌﺎﻟﻤﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﻌﺎم ﺗﻔﻜﺮ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺳﻨﺄﻛﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ وأﻳ‬
Neil
Yes, in particular she looks at why there are particular trends. A trend is what is popular
now or what is becoming popular. For example, at the moment there is a trend for eating
less red meat.
‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬
.‫ﻌﺎ‬
ً ‫ اﻻﺗﺠﺎه ﻫﻮ اﻟﺸﻲء اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻊ اﻵن أو ﻣﺎ أﺻﺒﺢ ﺷﺎﺋ‬.‫ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻪ اﻟﺨﺼﻮص ﺗﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺒﺐ وﺟﻮد اﺗﺠﺎﻫﺎت ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬،‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬
.‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻫﻨﺎك اﺗﺠﺎه ﻟﺘﻨﺎول ﻛﻤﻴﺎت أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﺤﻮم اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء‬،‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬
Sam
She also looks at why people latch onto particular trends. To latch onto here means to be
very interested in something. So, if you latch onto a particular food trend, you start to follow
that trend, you might start eating that particular diet.

‫ﺳﺎم‬
‫ إذا اﻫﺘﻤﻤﺖ‬، ‫ ﻟﺬا‬.‫ اﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎم ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ أن ﺗﻜﺘﺮث ﺑﺸﻲء ﻣﺎ‬.‫ﻛﻤﺎ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻫﺘﻤﺎم اﻟﻨﺎس ﺑﺎﺗﺠﺎﻫﺎت ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬
.‫ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﺒﺪأ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻨﺎول ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻴﻦ‬، ‫ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺑﺪأت ﻓﻲ اﺗﺒﺎع ﻫﺬا اﻻﺗﺠﺎه‬، ‫ﺑﻤﺆﺷﺮ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻟﻠﻄﻌﺎم‬
Neil
Information about future trends is very important for companies in the food business. How
does she actually predict these trends?
‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺘﻨﺒﺄ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺑﻬﺬه‬.‫ﺪا ﻟﻠﺸﺮﻛﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎل اﻷﻏﺬﻳﺔ‬ ً ‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﺣﻮل اﻻﺗﺠﺎﻫﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﺟ‬
‫اﻻﺗﺠﺎﻫﺎت؟‬
Sam
She says she starts with a hunch. A hunch is a feeling you get that something is true. You
don’t have any real evidence, but your experience and knowledge make you think you might
be right.
‫ﺳﺎم‬
‫ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺧﺒﺮﺗﻚ‬، ‫ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﺪﻳﻚ أي دﻟﻴﻞ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬.‫ اﻟﺤﺪس ﻫﻮ اﻟﺸﻌﻮر ﺑﺄن ﺷﻲء ﻣﺎ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬.‫ﺗﻘﻮل إﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺒﺪأ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺤﺪس‬
.‫وﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻚ ﺗﺠﻌﻠﻚ ﺗﻌﺘﻘﺪ أﻧﻚ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻖ‬
Neil
Let’s listen again.
‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬
.‫دﻋﻨﺎ ﻧﺴﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﺮة أﺧﺮى‬
Dr Morgaine Gaye
As a food futurologist I think about not just what we’re going to be eating in the future but
why. Why that thing, why that trend why will people suddenly latch onto that food, that way
of eating that food at that particular time? And when I work for large companies, that’s what
they want to know. There is an element of a hunch. And then proving or disproving that
hunch.
‫دﻛﺘﻮر ﻣﻮرﺟﻴﻦ ﻏﺎي‬
‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا‬، ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻫﺬا اﻟﺸﻲء‬.‫ ﺑﻞ ﻟﻤﺎذا‬، ‫ ﻻ أﻓﻜﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻨﺄﻛﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ‬، ‫ﺑﺼﻔﺘﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻏﺬاﺋﻲ‬
‫ ﺑﻬﺬه اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﺎول ﻫﺬا اﻟﻄﻌﺎم ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺬات؟‬، ‫ﻫﺬا اﻻﺗﺠﺎه ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﻠﺘﺼﻖ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻓﺠﺄة ﺑﻬﺬا اﻟﻄﻌﺎم‬
‫ وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ إﻣﺎ إﺛﺒﺎت أو دﺣﺾ ﻫﺬا‬.‫ ﻫﻨﺎك ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺣﺪس‬.‫ ﻫﺬا ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﻳﺪون ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬،‫وﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ أﻋﻤﻞ ﻟﺪى ﺷﺮﻛﺎت ﻛﺒﻴﺮة‬
.‫اﻟﺤﺪس‬
Neil
Dr Gaye goes on to talk about how on the subject of food, there are restrictions. Why is that?
 ‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬
‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻫﺬا؟‬.‫ﻳﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﻏﺎي اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ وﺟﻮد ﻗﻴﻮد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﻐﺬاء‬

03:32 :‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬
Dr Morgaine Gaye
Food business of course has different restrictions around it because it’s about safety, we’re
ingesting that. The supply chain and the labelling laws are very stringent especially in this
country so it takes longer to get an ide-a from just a concept that’s discussed around a table
to an actual production facility, labelled, branded, tested, marketed and put on the shelves.
‫دﻛﺘﻮر ﻣﻮرﺟﻴﻦ ﻏﺎي‬
‫ إن ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬.‫ ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﺴﺘﻮﻋﺐ ذﻟﻚ‬، ‫ ﻫﻨﺎك ﻗﻴﻮد ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺣﻮل ﺗﺠﺎرة اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻴﺔ ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‬، ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻊ‬
‫ ﻟﺬا ﻳﺴﺘﻐﺮق اﻷﻣﺮ وﻗًﺘﺎ أﻃﻮل ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ‬، ‫اﻟﺘﻮرﻳﺪ وﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت ﺻﺎرﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﺧﺎﺻًﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﻠﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻜﺮة ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﺠﺮد ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺗﻤﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻪ ﺣﻮل ﻃﺎوﻟﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻨﺸﺄة إﻧﺘﺎج ﻓﻌﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻢ وﺿﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ووﺳﻤﻬﺎ‬
.‫واﺧﺘﺒﺎرﻫﺎ وﺗﺴﻮﻳﻘﻬﺎ ووﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻓﻮف‬
Neil
So, why restrictions?
‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬
‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا اﻟﻘﻴﻮد؟‬، ‫ﻟﺬا‬
Sam
Well, it’s about safety. Because we are ingesting food, which is a way of saying we are
putting it into our bodies, it has to be safe.
‫ﺳﺎم‬
.‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن آﻣًﻨﺎ‬، ‫ وﻫﻲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﻘﻮل أﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﻀﻌﻪ ﻓﻲ أﺟﺴﺎدﻧﺎ‬، ‫ ﻷﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﺘﻨﺎول اﻟﻄﻌﺎم‬.‫ اﻷﻣﺮ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‬، ‫ﺣﺴًﻨﺎ‬
Neil
It can be a long process of developing a new food and getting it into the shops because of
the need to be safe and meet the laws of different countries. In the UK she mentions that the
food safety laws are very stringent. This means that the laws are very tough, very strict.
Let’s hear Dr Gaye again.
‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻃﻌﺎم ﺟﺪﻳﺪ وإدﺧﺎﻟﻪ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺟﺮ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ أن ﺗﻜﻮن آﻣًﻨﺎ وﺗﻔﻲ‬
‫ وﻫﺬا ﻳﻌﻨﻲ أن‬.‫ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ أن ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ ﺳﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﻐﺬاء ﺻﺎرﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ‬،‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬.‫ﺑﻘﻮاﻧﻴﻦ اﻟﺒﻠﺪان اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
.‫ دﻋﻨﺎ ﻧﺴﻤﻊ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﻏﺎي ﻣﺮة أﺧﺮى‬.‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﻴﻦ ﺻﺎرﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ‬
Dr Morgaine Gaye
Food business of course has different restrictions around it because it’s about safety, we’re
ingesting that, the supply chain and the labelling laws are very stringent especially in this
country so it takes longer to get an ide-a from just a concept that’s discussed around a table
to an actual production facility, labelled, branded, tested, marketed and put on the shelves.
‫دﻛﺘﻮر ﻣﻮرﺟﻴﻦ ﻏﺎي‬
‫ وﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬، ‫ ﻓﻨﺤﻦ ﻧﺴﺘﻮﻋﺐ ذﻟﻚ‬، ‫ ﻫﻨﺎك ﻗﻴﻮد ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺠﺎرة اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻴﺔ ﻷن اﻷﻣﺮ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‬،‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮرﻳﺪ وﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت ﺻﺎرﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻟﺬا ﻳﺴﺘﻐﺮق اﻷﻣﺮ وﻗًﺘﺎ أﻃﻮل ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻜﺮة‬
‫ ﺗﺴﻮﻳﻘﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﺗﻢ اﺧﺘﺒﺎرﻫﺎ‬،‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﺠﺮد ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺗﻤﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻪ ﺣﻮل ﻃﺎوﻟﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄة إﻧﺘﺎج ﻓﻌﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺗﺠﺎرﻳﺔ‬
.‫ووﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻓﻮف‬
Neil
Right, well before we review our vocabulary, let’s get the answer to the question. In which
continent did tomatoes originate? Is it…?
A: South America
B: Africa
C: Asia
Sam, what did you say?
‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬
…‫ ﻓﻲ أي ﻗﺎرة ﻧﺸﺄت اﻟﻄﻤﺎﻃﻢ؟ ﻫﻞ ﻫﻲ‬.‫ دﻋﻨﺎ ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ إﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﺆال‬، ‫ﺪا‬ ً ‫ ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﻧﺮاﺟﻊ ﻣﻔﺮداﺗﻨﺎ ﺟﻴ‬، ‫ﺣﺴًﻨﺎ‬
‫ أﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ‬:‫ج‬
‫ إﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬:‫ب‬
‫ آﺳﻴﺎ‬:‫ج‬
‫ﺳﺎم ﻣﺎذا اﺧﺘﺮت؟‬
Sam
I made a guess at Africa.
‫ﺳﺎم‬
.‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺧﻤﻨﺖ أﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬
Neil
Well, I’m afraid that’s not right. Congratulations though to everyone who said South America.
Right, let’s recap today’s words and expressions
‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬
‫ دﻋﻮﻧﺎ ﻧﻠﺨﺺ ﻛﻠﻤﺎت وﺗﻌﺎﺑﻴﺮ‬،‫ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬.‫ ﻣﺒﺮوك ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ اﺧﺘﺎر أﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ‬.‫ﺤﺎ‬ً ‫ أﻋﺘﻘﺪ أن ﻫﺬا ﻟﻴﺲ ﺻﺤﻴ‬، ‫ﺣﺴًﻨﺎ‬
.‫اﻟﻴﻮم‬

05:12 :‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬
Sam
OK, well we started with the word futurologist. This is a noun to describe someone who
studies and predicts the way we will be living in the future.
‫ﺳﺎم‬
‫ ﻫﺬا اﺳﻢ ﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻳﺪرس وﻳﺘﻨﺒﺄ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻨﻌﻴﺶ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬.”‫ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺑﺪأﻧﺎ ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ “ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬، ‫ﺣﺴًﻨﺎ‬
.‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
Neil
Then we had trend. This word can describe what is popular now and the way in which what
is popular is changing. For example, now we are seeing a trend for eating less red meat in
some parts of the world.

‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ‬.‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ أن ﺗﺼﻒ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺷﺎﺋﻊ اﻵن واﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﺎ اﻟﺸﻲء اﻟﺮاﺋﺞ‬.”‫ﺛﻢ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ “اﺗﺠﺎه‬
.‫ﻫﺎ ﻟﺘﻨﺎول ﻛﻤﻴﺎت أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﺤﻮم اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬ً ‫ ﻧﺸﻬﺪ اﻵن اﺗﺠﺎ‬، ‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬
Sam
If you latch onto something, you become interested in it and associate yourself with it – we
heard that people very quickly latch onto food trends
‫ﺳﺎم‬
‫ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺳﻤﻌﻨﺎ أن اﻟﻨﺎس ﻳﻬﺘﻤﻮن ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﺑﺎﺗﺠﺎﻫﺎت‬- ‫ ﻓﺈن ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﻪ‬، ‫إذا اﻫﺘﻤﻤﺖ ﺑﺸﻲء ﻣﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎم‬
Neil
Then there was hunch. A hunch is a feeling about something you think might be true even
though you don’t have real evidence for it. Ingesting something means taking it into your
body, so eating or drinking it.
‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد أدﻟﺔ‬ً ‫ اﻟﺤﺪس ﻫﻮ ﺷﻌﻮر ﺑﺸﺄن ﺷﻲء ﺗﻌﺘﻘﺪ أﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﺻﺤﻴ‬."‫ﺛﻢ ﻫﻨﺎك ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺣﺪس‬
.‫ وﻫﺬا ﻳﻌﻨﻲ إﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﺎوﻟﻪ أو ﺷﺮﺑﻪ‬، ‫ ﻳﻠﺘﻬﻢ ﺷﻲء ﻳﻌﻨﻲ وﺿﻊ ﺷﻲء ﻓﻲ ﺟﺴﻤﻚ‬.‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ‬
Sam
And finally, a stringent rule is a very strict rule, a tough rule or law which in connection to
food is designed to make sure it is safe and of a suitable quality.
‫ﺳﺎم‬
‫ وﻫﻮ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة أو ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺻﺎرم ﺗﻢ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻌﺎم‬، ‫ﺪا‬ ً ‫وأﺧﻴًﺮا ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺼﺎرم" ﻫﻮ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﺘﺸﺪد ﺟ‬
.‫ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ أﻧﻪ آﻣﻦ وذو ﺟﻮدة ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬
Neil
OK, thank you, Sam. That’s all from 6 Minute English. Goodbye!
‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬
!‫ وداﻋﺎ‬.‫ دﻗﺎﺋﻖ اﻻﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰي‬6 ‫ ﻫﺬا ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬.‫ﺣﺴﻨﺎ ﺷﻜﺮا ﻟﻚ ﺳﺎم‬
Sam
Bye!
‫ﺳﺎم‬
!‫وداﻋﺎ‬
 English Only
‫ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻨﺰل ﺗﺤﺖ وﺗﺸﻮف "اﻟﻨﺺ ﻣﻊ‬،‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ إذا ﻣﺎ ﻓﻬﻤﺖ اﻟﺼﻮت ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﻜﻦ إذا ﻟﺴﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻬﻤﺖ اﻟﻜﻼم‬
.‫ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت ﻣﻬﻲ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﻔﻬﻢ اﻫﻢ‬..‫ ﻻ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﻛﻠﻤﺎت‬،‫ ﻣﺮة ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬."‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬

Time: 00:00
Neil
Hello. This is 6 Minute English and I'm Neil. Joining me for our discussion is Georgina.
Georgina
Hello!
Neil
Now, Georgina, you’re a chatty, sociable kind of person, aren’t you?
Georgina
Well, yes, I think so.
Neil
But would you go up to a stranger and strike up a conversation?
Georgina
That might be going too far – if you don’t know them, what are you going to start talking
about?
….

Neil
A good question. But maybe you should – because in this programme we’re looking at how
talking to strangers might actually be good for you! But first, let me talk to you about today’s
question. I’d like you to answer this. To make conversation we need words – so according to
the Oxford English dictionary, approximately how many words are in use in the English
language? Is it…?
a) 171,146
b) 271,146
c) 371,146
.

Georgina
We use a lot of words in English, but not 371,000 – so I’ll go for a) 171,146.
Neil
OK. Well, as always, I will reveal the answer later in the programme.
Now, let’s continue our conversation about having conversations with strangers! Many of us
spend part of everyday surrounded by strangers, whether on our commute to work, sitting in
a park or cafe, or visiting the supermarket.
.

Georgina
But we rarely reach out and talk to them because we fear it would make us both feel
uncomfortable – or awkward. And Gillian Sandstrom, social psychologist from Essex
University in the UK, can explain why. Here she is speaking on BBC Radio 4’s All in The
Mind programme….
.
Time: 01:51
Gillian Sandstrom, Social psychologist, Essex University
We kind of underestimate, we have this negative voice in our head that's telling us "I
shouldn't have said that, why did I do that? I said that story better last time". But the other
person doesn't know any of that and they’re probably… they might be anticipating that they
won't have a positive conversation and then they do. And they think, wow, that person was
amazing. So, we walk round with this fear that the other person isn’t going to be interested in
talking to us.
.

Georgina
Fascinating stuff. So, we have a negative voice in our head telling us about all the bad things
that might happen. We basically underestimate ourselves.
.

Neil
To underestimate means to think that something is smaller or less important than it really is.
We worry that what we say won’t be interesting or important enough.
.

Georgina
Ah, but the other person doesn’t know that. They’re also anticipating – or guessing - the
outcome. They're thinking that if they have a conversation, it won’t go well. But of course,
when strangers do talk to each other it normally goes well.
.

Neil
Yes, it’s just fear that is stopping us. But if we get over that fear, and get chatting, people
might actually like us – and we might make new friends.
.

Georgina
Another reason why you should pluck up the courage to talk to strangers is that it’s good
for our health!
.

Neil
‘Pluck up the courage’ – that’s a good phrase, Georgina, meaning force yourself to do
something that you’re scared about and… research by the University of Chicago found we
may often underestimate the positive impact of connecting with others for both our own and
others' wellbeing.
.

Georgina
And connecting here means starting or having a good relationship with someone. So, the
research found that, for example, having a conversation with a stranger on your way to work
may leave you both feeling happier than you would think.
.

Neil
Gillian Sandstrom also spoke about her research and the power of talking to strangers on
the You and Yours programme. Listen out for the word ‘connected’…
.

Time: 03:48
Gillian Sandstrom, Social psychologist, Essex University
What we've shown in the research is that it's really good for your mood. So people are in a
better mood after they reach out and have a conversation, however minimal, and the other
thing that the research has shown is that just makes people feel more connected to each
other.
Neil
There you go! Talking to strangers is good for our mood – and mood means the way we
feel. It’s good for our mental health – and we might discover people actually like us!
And even if we’re an introvert – a person who prefers to be alone rather than with other
people - experiments have shown that talking to others can make us happier.
.

Georgina
The problem remains, Neil, that when speaking to someone new, what do you talk about?
Neil
How about some interesting facts – like approximately how many words are in use in the
English language? Which is what I asked you earlier. Is it?
a) 171,146
b) 271,146
c) 371,146
What did you say, Georgina?
.

Georgina
I said 171,146. Was I right?
Neil
Spot on, Georgina. Well done! Yes, there are an estimated 171,146 words currently in use in
the English language, according to the Oxford English Dictionary –plus many more obsolete
words.
.

Georgina
I shall pick a few of them and make conversation with someone on the Tube later, but not
before we recap some of the vocabulary we’ve explained.
.

Neil
Yes – so we highlighted six words, starting with underestimate which is to think that
something is smaller or less important than it really is.
.

Time: 05:23
Georgina
Anticipating means guessing or expecting a certain outcome. I anticipate this programme to
be 6 minutes long!
.

Neil
That’s a given! Next, we mentioned the phrase to pluck up the courage,meaning to force
yourself to do something that you’re scared or nervous about.
.

Georgina
When you connect with someone, it means you start or have a good relationship with
someone. I think we’ve connected on this programme, Neil!
.

Neil
Absolutely, Georgina. And that’s put me in a good mood – mood means the way we feel.
Georgina
And finally, an introvert is a person who prefers to spend time on their own.
Neil
Thanks, Georgina. Well, that’s our conversation over, but you can hear more from us on our
website and on our app. Goodbye!
.

Georgina
Bye!
 ‫اﻟﻨﺺ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬
.‫ ﻣﻮ ﺣﻔﻆ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت‬،‫ ﻣﻬﺎرة اﻟﺘﺨﻤﻴﻦ واﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎب ﻫﻲ اﻷﺳﺎس‬.‫ﺣﺎول ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﻠﻀﺮورة اﻟﻘﺼﻮى‬

00:00 :‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬
Neil
Hello. This is 6 Minute English and I'm Neil. Joining me for our discussion is Georgina
‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬
ّ ‫ ﺗﻨﻀﻢ إﻟ‬.‫ دﻗﺎﺋﻖ اﻻﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰي وأﻧﺎ ﻧﻴﻞ‬6 ‫ ﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬.‫ﻣﺮﺣﺒﺎ‬
.‫ﻲ ﺟﻮرﺟﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻨﺎ‬
Georgina
Hello!
‫ﺟﻮرﺟﻴﻨﺎ‬
!‫ﻣﺮﺣﺒﺎ‬
Neil
Now, Georgina, you’re a chatty, sociable kind of person, aren’t you?
‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬
‫ أﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ؟‬،‫ أﻧﺖ ﺷﺨﺺ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬،‫اﻵن ﻳﺎ ﺟﻮرﺟﻴﻨﺎ‬
Georgina
Well, yes, I think so.
‫ﺟﻮرﺟﻴﻨﺎ‬
.‫ أﻋﺘﻘﺪ ذﻟﻚ‬،‫ﺣﺴًﻨﺎ ﻧﻌﻢ‬
Neil
But would you go up to a stranger and strike up a conversation?

‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬
‫وﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﻞ ﺳﺘﺬﻫﺐ إﻟﻰ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ وﺗﺒﺪأ ﻣﺤﺎدﺛﺔ؟‬
Georgina
That might be going too far – if you don’t know them, what are you going to start talking
about?
‫ﺟﻮرﺟﻴﻨﺎ‬
‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺮﻏﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻨﻪ؟‬،‫ إذا ﻛﻨﺖ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺮﻓﻬﻢ‬- ‫ﺪا‬
ً ‫ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻫﺬا ﺻﻌﺐ ﺟ‬
Neil
A good question. But maybe you should – because in this programme we’re looking at how
talking to strangers might actually be good for you! But first, let me talk to you about today’s
question. I’d like you to answer this. To make conversation we need words – so according to
the Oxford English dictionary, approximately how many words are in use in the English
language? Is it…?
a) 171,146
b) 271,146
c) 371,14
‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬
‫ ﻷﻧﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻧﻨﻈﺮ إﻟﻰ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺘﺤﺪث إﻟﻰ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﺎء‬- ‫ وﻟﻜﻦ رﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫ﺳﺆال ﺟﻴﺪ‬
‫ ﻧﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ‬،‫ ﻹﺟﺮاء ﻣﺤﺎدﺛﺔ‬.‫ أود ﻣﻨﻚ أن ﺗﺠﻴﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬا‬.‫ دﻋﻨﻲ أﺧﺒﺮﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺆال اﻟﻴﻮم‬،‫ﺪا ﻟﻚ ﺣًﻘﺎ! ﻟﻜﻦ أوًﻻ‬
ً ‫ﻣﻔﻴ‬
‫ ﻛﻢ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳًﺒﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ؟‬،‫ وﻓًﻘﺎ ﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس أﻛﺴﻔﻮرد ﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬،‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬- ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎت‬
…‫ﻫﻞ ﻫﻲ‬
146،171 (‫أ‬
271،146 (‫ب‬
371،146 (‫ج‬
Georgina
We use a lot of words in English, but not 371,000 – so I’ll go for a) 171,146.
‫ﺟﻮرﺟﻴﻨﺎ‬
.(171،146) ‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺳﺄﺧﺘﺎر‬- 371000 ‫ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻴﺲ‬،‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬
Neil
OK. Well, as always, I will reveal the answer later in the programme.
Now, let’s continue our conversation about having conversations with strangers! Many of us
spend part of everyday surrounded by strangers, whether on our commute to work, sitting in
a park or cafe, or visiting the supermarket.
‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬
.‫ ﺳﺄﻛﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻻﺣًﻘﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬،‫ﻤﺎ‬ً ‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﺘﺎد داﺋ‬،‫ﺣﺴﻨﺎ‬
‫ ﺳﻮاء‬،‫ﻃﺎ ﺑﻐﺮﺑﺎء‬
ً ‫ دﻋﻨﺎ ﻧﻮاﺻﻞ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻨﺎ ﺣﻮل إﺟﺮاء اﻟﻤﺤﺎدﺛﺎت ﻣﻊ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﺎء! ﻳﻘﻀﻲ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺎ ﺟﺰًءا ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮم ﻣﺤﺎ‬،‫اﻵن‬
.‫ﻓﻲ ﺗﻨﻘﻼﺗﻨﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ أو اﻟﺠﻠﻮس ﻓﻲ ﻣﺘﻨﺰه أو ﻣﻘﻬﻰ أو زﻳﺎرة اﻟﺴﻮﺑﺮ ﻣﺎرﻛﺖ‬
Georgina
But we rarely reach out and talk to them because we fear it would make us both feel
uncomfortable – or awkward. And Gillian Sandstrom, social psychologist from Essex
University in the UK, can explain why. Here she is speaking on BBC Radio 4’s All in The
Mind programme….
‫ﺟﻮرﺟﻴﻨﺎ‬
‫ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬.‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﻧﺎدًرا ﻣﺎ ﻧﺘﻮاﺻﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ وﻧﺘﺤﺪث إﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻷﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﺨﺸﻰ أن ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻨﺎ ذﻟﻚ ﻧﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﻌﺪم اﻻرﺗﻴﺎح أو اﻹﺣﺮاج‬
‫ ﻫﻨﺎ‬.‫ أن ﺗﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬،‫ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ إﺳﻴﻜﺲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬،‫ﻟﺠﻴﻠﻴﺎن ﺳﺎﻧﺪﺳﺘﺮوم‬
.4 ‫ﺗﺘﺤﺪث ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ )أول إن ﻣﺎﻳﻨﺪ( ﻓﻲ رادﻳﻮ ﺑﻲ ﺑﻲ ﺳﻲ‬

01:51 :‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬
Gillian Sandstrom, Social psychologist, Essex University
We kind of underestimate, we have this negative voice in our head that's telling us "I
shouldn't have said that, why did I do that? I said that story better last time". But the other
person doesn't know any of that and they’re probably… they might be anticipating that they
won't have a positive conversation and then they do. And they think, wow, that person was
amazing. So, we walk round with this fear that the other person isn’t going to be interested in
talking to us.

‫ﺟﻴﻠﻴﺎن ﺳﺎﻧﺪﺳﺘﺮوم ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﻧﻔﺲ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ إﺳﻴﻜﺲ‬

‫ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺼﻮت اﻟﺴﻠﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ رأﺳﻨﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻘﻮل ﻟﻨﺎ "ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻳﺠﺐ أن أﻗﻮل‬،‫ﻧﺤﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﻘﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄﻧﻨﺎ‬
‫ ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﺸﺨﺺ اﻵﺧﺮ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮف أًﻳﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا‬."‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻓﻌﻠﺖ ذﻟﻚ؟ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻘﺼﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮة اﻷﺧﻴﺮة‬،‫ذﻟﻚ‬
‫ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﺎن‬،‫ واو‬،‫ وﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪون‬.‫ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻌﻮن أﻧﻬﻢ ﻟﻦ ﻳﺠﺮوا ﻣﺤﺎدﺛﺔ إﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺛﻢ ﻳﺠﺮوﻧﻬﺎ‬... ‫وﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻞ أﻧﻬﻢ‬
.‫ﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺪث إﻟﻴﻨﺎ‬
ً ‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻧﺴﻴﺮ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺨﻮف ﻣﻦ أن اﻟﺸﺨﺺ اﻵﺧﺮ ﻟﻦ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻬﺘ‬.‫ﻼ‬
ً ‫ﻣﺬﻫ‬

Georgina
Fascinating stuff. So, we have a negative voice in our head telling us about all the bad things
that might happen. We basically underestimate ourselves.
 ‫ﺟﻮرﺟﻴﻨﺎ‬
‫ ﻧﺤﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﺎس ﻧﻘﻠﻞ‬.‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﺻﻮت ﺳﻠﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ رأﺳﻨﺎ ﻳﺨﺒﺮﻧﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻞ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء اﻟﺴﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺤﺪث‬.‫ﺷﻲء راﺋﻊ‬
.‫ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄن أﻧﻔﺴﻨﺎ‬
Neil
To underestimate means to think that something is smaller or less important than it really is.
We worry that what we say won’t be interesting or important enough.

‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬
‫ ﻧﺤﻦ ﻗﻠﻘﻮن ﻣﻦ أن ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﻟﻦ ﻳﻜﻮن ﺷﻴًﻘﺎ‬.‫اﻻﺳﺘﻬﺎﻧﺔ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ أن ﺗﻌﺘﻘﺪ أن ﺷﻴًﺌﺎ ﻣﺎ أﺻﻐﺮ أو أﻗﻞ أﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
.‫ﻤﺎ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ‬
ً ‫أو ﻣﻬ‬

Georgina
Ah, but the other person doesn’t know that. They’re also anticipating – or guessing - the
outcome. They're thinking that if they have a conversation, it won’t go well. But of course,
when strangers do talk to each other it normally goes well.
‫ﺟﻮرﺟﻴﻨﺎ‬
‫ إﻧﻬﻢ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪون أﻧﻪ إذا أﺟﺮوا ﻣﺤﺎدﺛﺔ ﻓﻠﻦ ﺗﺴﻴﺮ‬.‫ إﻧﻬﻢ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻌﻮن أو ﻳﺨﻤﻨﻮن اﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬.‫ ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﻄﺮف اﻵﺧﺮ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮف ذﻟﻚ‬،‫آه‬
.‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﺤﺪث اﻟﻐﺮﺑﺎء ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻓﻌﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﻴﺮ اﻷﻣﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮام‬،‫ وﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻊ‬.‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮام‬
Neil
Yes, it’s just fear that is stopping us. But if we get over that fear, and get chatting, people
might actually like us – and we might make new friends.

‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻮن‬ ّ ‫ﻼ وﻗﺪ ﻧﻜ‬
ً ‫ وﻟﻜﻦ إذا ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻨﺎ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺨﻮف وﺗﺤﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻓﻘﺪ ُﻳﻌﺠﺐ ﺑﻨﺎ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻓﻌ‬.‫ إﻧﻪ اﻟﺨﻮف ﻓﻘﻂ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻨﻌﻨﺎ‬،‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬
.‫أﺻﺪﻗﺎء ﺟﺪد‬
Georgina
Another reason why you should pluck up the courage to talk to strangers is that it’s good
for our health!
‫ﺟﻮرﺟﻴﻨﺎ‬
!‫ﺳﺒﺐ آﺧﺮ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻚ ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺠﺎﻋﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺪث ﻣﻊ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﺎء ﻫﻮ أن اﻟﺘﺤﺪث ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻟﺼﺤﺘﻨﺎ‬
Georgina
Fascinating stuff. So, we have a negative voice in our head telling us about all the bad things
that might happen. We basically underestimate ourselves.
‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬
‫ وﺟﺪ‬... ‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ إﺟﺒﺎر ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﻴﺎم ﺑﺸﻲء ﺗﺨﺎف ﻣﻨﻪ و‬،‫ ﻫﺬه ﻋﺒﺎرة ﺟﻴﺪة ﻳﺎ ﺟﻮرﺟﻴﻨﺎ‬- "‫"اﺳﺘﻔﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺠﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺤﺚ أﺟﺮﺗﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﻴﻜﺎﻏﻮ أﻧﻨﺎ ﻏﺎﻟًﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻹﻳﺠﺎﺑﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﻮاﺻﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ رﻓﺎﻫﻴﺘﻨﺎ ورﻓﺎﻫﻴﺔ‬
.‫اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬
Georgina
And connecting here means starting or having a good relationship with someone. So the
research found that, for example, having a conversation with a stranger on your way to work
may leave you both feeling happier than you would think.
‫ﺟﻮرﺟﻴﻨﺎ‬
‫ أن إﺟﺮاء ﻣﺤﺎدﺛﺔ‬،‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ وﺟﺪ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬.‫واﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ اﻟﺒﺪء أو إﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺟﻴﺪة ﻣﻊ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺎ‬
.‫ﻣﻊ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ﻓﻲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻚ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻜﻤﺎ ﺗﺸﻌﺮان ﺑﺴﻌﺎدة أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻤﺎ ﺗﻈﻦ‬
Neil
Gillian Sandstrom also spoke about her research and the power of talking to strangers on
the You and Yours programme. Listen out for the word ‘connected’…
‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬
‫ اﺳﺘﻤﻊ ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬.(‫ﻀﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺑﺤﺜﻬﺎ وﻗﻮة اﻟﺘﺤﺪث إﻟﻰ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﺎء ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ) ﻳﻮ أﻧﺪ ﻳﻮرز‬
ً ‫ﺗﺤﺪﺛﺖ ﺟﻴﻠﻴﺎن ﺳﺎﻧﺪﺳﺘﺮوم أﻳ‬
... "‫"ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬

03:48 :‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬
Gillian Sandstrom, Social psychologist, Essex University
What we've shown in the research is that it's really good for your mood. So people are in a
better mood after they reach out and have a conversation, however minimal, and the other
thing that the research has shown is that just makes people feel more connected to each
other.
‫ﺟﻴﻠﻴﺎن ﺳﺎﻧﺪﺳﺘﺮوم ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ إﺳﻴﻜﺲ‬
‫ ﻟﺬا ﻓﺈن اﻷﺷﺨﺎص ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺰاﺟﻴﺔ أﻓﻀﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ أن‬.‫ﻣﺎ أﻇﻬﺮﻧﺎه ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻫﻮ أن اﻟﺘﺤﺪث ﻟﻠﻐﺮﺑﺎء ﺟﻴﺪ ﺣًﻘﺎ ﻟﻤﺰاﺟﻚ‬
‫ واﻟﺸﻲء اﻵﺧﺮ اﻟﺬي أﻇﻬﺮه اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻫﻮ أﻧﻪ ﻳﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻳﺸﻌﺮون أﻛﺜﺮ‬.‫ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬،‫ﻳﺘﻮاﺻﻠﻮا وﻳﺠﺮون ﻣﺤﺎدﺛﺔ‬
.‫ﻃﺎ ﺑﺒﻌﻀﻬﻢ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ً ‫ارﺗﺒﺎ‬
Neil
There you go! Talking to strangers is good for our mood – and mood means the way we
feel. It’s good for our mental health – and we might discover people actually like us!
And even if we’re an introvert – a person who prefers to be alone rather than with other
people - experiments have shown that talking to others can make us happier
‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬
‫ وﻗﺪ ﻧﻜﺘﺸﻒ‬- ‫ إﻧﻪ ﺟﻴﺪ ﻟﺼﺤﺘﻨﺎ اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ‬.‫ واﻟﻤﺰاج ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﻪ‬- ‫ﻫﺎ أﻧﺖ ذا! اﻟﺘﺤﺪث إﻟﻰ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﺎء أﻣﺮ ﺟﻴﺪ ﻟﻤﺰاﺟﻨﺎ‬
!‫ﺻﺎ ﺗﺸﺒﻬﻨﺎ‬ً ‫أﺷﺨﺎ‬
‫ ﻓﻘﺪ أﻇﻬﺮت‬- ‫وﺣﺘﻰ إذا ﻛﻨﺎ اﻧﻄﻮاﺋﻴﻴﻦ – وﻫﻮ اﻟﺸﺨﺺ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻔﻀﻞ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﺑﻤﻔﺮده ﺑﺪًﻻ ﻣﻦ وﺟﻮده ﻣﻊ اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬
.‫اﻟﺘﺠﺎرب أن اﻟﺘﺤﺪث ﻣﻊ اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻨﺎ أﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﻌﺎدة‬
Georgina
The problem remains, Neil, that when speaking to someone new, what do you talk about?
‫ﺟﻮرﺟﻴﻨﺎ‬
‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻨﻪ؟‬،‫ أﻧﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﺤﺪث إﻟﻰ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬،‫ﺗﺒﻘﻰ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻴﻞ‬
Neil
How about some interesting facts – like approximately how many words are in use in the
English language? Which is what I asked you earlier. Is it?
a) 171,146
b) 271,146
c) 371,146
What did you say, Georgina?
‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬
‫ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳًﺒﺎ؟ وﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ‬- ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻤﺜﻴﺮة ﻟﻼﻫﺘﻤﺎم‬
‫ ﻫﻞ ﻫﻮ؟‬.‫ﺳﺄﻟﺘﻚ ﻓﻲ وﻗﺖ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻋﻨﻪ‬
146،171 (‫أ‬
271،146 (‫ب‬
371،146 (‫ج‬
‫ﻣﺎذا اﺧﺘﺮت ﻳﺎ ﺟﻮرﺟﻴﻨﺎ؟‬
Georgina
I said 171,146. Was I right?
‫ﺟﻮرﺟﻴﻨﺎ‬
‫ ﻫﻞ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻖ؟‬.171،146 ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‬
Neil
Spot on, Georgina. Well done! Yes, there are an estimated 171,146 words currently in use in
the English language, according to the Oxford English Dictionary –plus many more obsolete
words.
‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬
‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻗﻴﺪ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺣﺎﻟًﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ وﻓًﻘﺎ‬171،146 ‫ ﻫﻨﺎك ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺪر ﺑﻨﺤﻮ‬،‫أﺣﺴﻨﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺟﻮرﺟﻴﻨﺎ! ﻧﻌﻢ‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ‬- ‫ﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس أﻛﺴﻔﻮرد اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰي‬
Georgina
I shall pick a few of them and make conversation with someone on the Tube later, but not
before we recap some of the vocabulary we’ve explained.
‫ﺟﻮرﺟﻴﻨﺎ‬
‫ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﻧﻠﺨﺺ ﺑﻌﺾ‬،‫ﺳﺄﺧﺘﺎر ﻋﺪًدا ﻗﻠﻴًﻠﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ وأﺟﺮي ﻣﺤﺎدﺛﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ )ﺗﻴﻮب( ﻻﺣًﻘﺎ‬
.‫اﻟﻤﻔﺮدات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺷﺮﺣﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬

Neil
Yes – so we highlighted six words, starting with underestimate which is to think that
something is smaller or less important than it really is.
‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬
‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﺘﺴﻠﻴﻂ اﻟﻀﻮء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﺑﺪًءا ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ وﻫﻮ اﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎد ﺑﺄن ﺷﻴًﺌﺎ ﻣﺎ أﺻﻐﺮ‬- ‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬
.‫أو أﻗﻞ أﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
.

05:23 :‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬
Georgina
Anticipating means guessing or expecting a certain outcome. I anticipate this programme to
be 6 minutes long!
‫ﺟﻮرﺟﻴﻨﺎ‬
!‫ دﻗﺎﺋﻖ‬6 ‫ أﺗﻮﻗﻊ أن ﻳﺴﺘﻐﺮق ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬.‫اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ اﻟﺘﺨﻤﻴﻦ أو ﺗﻮﻗﻊ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬
Neil
That’s a given! Next, we mentioned the phrase to pluck up the courage, meaning to force
yourself to do something that you’re scared or nervous about.
‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬
.‫ﻫﺬا أﻣﺮ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ! ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ذﻛﺮﻧﺎ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة ﻹﺛﺎرة اﻟﺸﺠﺎﻋﺔ أي إﺟﺒﺎر ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﻴﺎم ﺑﺸﻲء ﺗﺨﺎﻓﻪ أو ﺗﻘﻠﻘﻪ‬
Georgina
When you connect with someone, it means you start or have a good relationship with
someone. I think we’ve connected on this programme, Neil!
‫ﺟﻮرﺟﻴﻨﺎ‬
‫ أﻋﺘﻘﺪ أﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﺘﻮاﺻﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﻨﺎ‬.‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﻮاﺻﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻬﺬا ﻳﻌﻨﻲ أﻧﻚ ﺗﺒﺪأ أو ﻟﺪﻳﻚ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺟﻴﺪة ﻣﻊ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺎ‬
!‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻴﻞ‬
Neil
Absolutely, Georgina. And that’s put me in a good mood – mood means the way we feel.
 ‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺟﻮرﺟﻴﻨﺎ‪ .‬وﻫﺬا ﻳﻀﻌﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺰاج ﺟﻴﺪ ‪ -‬اﻟﻤﺰاج ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪Georgina‬‬
‫‪And finally, an introvert is a person who prefers to spend time on their own.‬‬
‫ﺟﻮرﺟﻴﻨﺎ‬
‫وأﺧﻴًﺮا اﻻﻧﻄﻮاﺋﻲ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺸﺨﺺ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻔﻀﻞ ﻗﻀﺎء اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺑﻤﻔﺮده‪.‬‬

‫‪Neil‬‬
‫‪Thanks, Georgina. Well, that’s our conversation over, but you can hear more from us on our‬‬
‫!‪website and on our app. Goodbye‬‬
‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺷﻜﺮا ﺟﻮرﺟﻴﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﺣﺴًﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺎدﺛﺘﻨﺎ ﻗﺪ اﻧﺘﻬﺖ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺳﻤﺎع اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻨﺎ اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ وﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫وداﻋﺎ!‬

‫‪Georgina‬‬
‫!‪Bye‬‬
‫ﺟﻮرﺟﻴﻨﺎ‬
‫وداﻋﺎ!‬