LESSON PLAN

HOME ECONOMICS LITERACY

HELEED 2 (T-TH 8:30- 10:30 am)
ESTEBAN, MARICON ANDREA BTLED- HE

I. Objective: At the end of the lesson the student be able to:

A. Define Plant and Fruit Nutrition

S. Differentiate Macronutrients in Plants from Micronutrients in Plants
K. Recite the 17 Essential Plant Nutrients

II. Subject Matter

Topic: Plant Nutrition and Fruit Nutrition
Reference: Book, Nutrition and Food Science
Materials: Construction paper, Scissors, Bond paper, Pentelpen
Values Integration: Awareness and Responsibility

III. Procedure

Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity

A. Preparatory
AWARENESS

Good Morning class!

Good Morning too Ma’am!

How are you today?

We are doing great, Ma’am!

Alright! As we proceed, I have a

very simple rule in this class.
Everyone should LISTEN, when
someone is talking infront.

Understood?
Yes Maam!

1. Prayer
Let us all stand for the prayer. (The students are already standing)
Please lead the prayer Mr.
Jurland.
 Mr. Jurland:

Let’s bow down our heads and feel the

presence of God as we say, In the name
of the Father, the Son, and the Holy
Spirit. Amen.

Our Father,
who art in heaven,
hallowed be thy name;
thy kingdom come;
thy will be done
on earth as it is in heaven.
Give us this day our daily bread;
and forgive us our trespasses
as we forgive those who trespass against
us;
and lead us not into temptation,
but deliver us from evil.
Amen.

In the name of the Father, the Son, and

the Holy Spirit. Amen.

Okay class, you may now take

your seats.

2. Checking of Attendance

I have here the attendance sheet

and it will pass around. Please
write your name in your
designated number.

3. Review
Do you still remember our
previous lesson?
Yes Ma’am!

If you know what it is don’t

answer in chorus, just raise your (raising their right hands)
right hand.

Okay Mr. Lloyd what was our

lesson last meeting?

Mr. Lloyd:
Our lesson last meeting was all about
NUTRITION.
 Very Good Lloyd!

Now, what does Nutrition means?

Raise your hand if you want to

answer.

Yes, Mr Ariel?
Mr. Ariel:
Nutrition is the provision, to cells and
organisms, of the materials necessary to
support life.

Very good, Mr. Ariel.

4. Motivation
ARRANGING JUMBLED
LETTERS TO FORM WORDS
I will give each table an envelope,
inside these envelopes are jumbled
letters that you need to arrange in
order to form meaningful words. If
you are done, pick a representative
and explain or share your ideas
about what you have formed.

Understood?

Okay, I’ll give you 3 minutes for the

activity. Time starts now.

B. DEVELOPMENTAL
ACTIVITIES ABSTRACTION

1. Presentation of the Lesson

Based on the activity that we just

had, do you already have an idea of
today’s lesson?

Just raise your right hand if you ( raising their right hands)
have an idea.

Yes, Ms. Maylin?

Ms. Maylin:
“ Plant and Fruit Nutrition”

Very good, Ms. Maylin.

Our lesson for today is all about

Plant and Fruit Nutrition.
2. Discussion

Plant Nutrition- it is the study of

the chemical elements that are
necessary for plant growth.

17 Essential Plant Nutrients

Macronutrients:
N= Nitrogen
P= Phosphorus
K= Potassium
Ca= Calcium
Mg= Magnesium
S= Sulfur
Si= Silicon

Micronutrients:
Cl= Chlorine
Fe= Iron
B= Boron
Mn= Manganese
Na= Sodium
Zn= Zinc
Cu= Copper
Ni= Nickel
Mo= Molybdenum

Macronutrients in Plant

Calcium -Calcium regulates

transport of other nutrients into the
plant and is also involved in the
activation of certain plant enzymes.
Calcium deficiency results in
stunting.

Nitrogen-Nitrogen is an essential
component of all proteins. Nitrogen
deficiency most often results in
stunted growth.

Phosphorus-Phosphorus is
important in plant bioenergetics.
Phosphorus can also be used to
modify the activity of various
enzymes by phosphorylation, and
can be used for cell signaling. Since
ATP can be used for the
biosynthesis of many plant
biomolecules, phosphorus is
important for plant growth and
flower/seed formation.
Potassium- Potassium regulates the
opening and closing of the stoma by
a potassium ion pump. Since
stomata are important in water
regulation, potassium reduces water
loss from the leaves and increase
drought tolerance. Potassium
deficiency may cause necrosis or
interveinal chlorosis.

Silicon- Silicon is deposited in cell

walls and contributes to its
mechanical properties including
rigidity and elasticity

Micronutrients in Plants

Boron- Boron is important in sugar

transport, cell division, and
synthesizing certain enzymes. Boron
deficiency causes necrosis in young
leaves and stunting.

Copper- Copper is important for

photosynthesis. Symptoms for
copper deficiency include chlorosis.
Involved in many enzyme processes.
Necessary for photosynthesis.
Involved in the manufacture of
lignin.

Chlorine- Chlorine is necessary for

osmosis and ionic balance; it also
plays a role in photosynthesis.

Iron- Iron is necessary for

photosynthesis and is present as an
enzyme cofactor in plants. Iron
deficiency can result in interveinal
chlorosis and necrosis.

Manganese- Manganese is
necessary for building chloroplasts.
Manganese deficiency may result in
coloration abnormalities, such as
discoloured spots on the foliage.

Molybdenum- Molybdenum is a
cofactor to enzymes important in
building amino acids.

Nickel- In higher plants, Nickel is

essential for activation of urease, an
enzyme involved with nitrogen
metabolism that is required to
process urea. In lower plants, Nickel
activates several enzymes involved
in a variety of processes, and can
substitute for Zinc and Iron as a
cofactor in some enzymes.

Sodium- Sodium is involved in the

regeneration of phosphoen-
olpyruvate in CAM and C4 plants. It
can also substitute for potassium in
some circumstances.

Zinc- Zinc is required in a large

number of enzymes and plays an
essential role in DNA transcription.
A typical symptom of zinc
deficiency is the stunted growth of
leaves, commonly known as “little
leaf” and is caused by the oxidative
degradation of the growth hormone
auxin.

Fruit Nutrition

Fruit Nutrition is extremely

advantageous to your health –
vitamins, minerals, antioxidants,
phytochemicals and lots of fibre.

Fruit Nutrition is generally made up

of 70 t0 80 percent water. Fruits
contain natural sugar, and since we
as humans are born with a sweet
tooth, they are easy to consume.
They taste very nice and are
enjoyable. So they’re not hard to
incorporate into your lifestyle or
increase your diet.

A Fruit-Eating Habit

-You can make a habit of eating

fruits before and after lunch, or
before and after every meal.
-Don’t forget your kids- the
nutrients in fruits are essential for
them too. The other great feature of
fruits is that they don’t need
preparing or cooking, just wash and
you’re off to the races.
-Make habit of eating fruits, when
you are on your way to work, munch
some fruits.

Juicing or Blending
-Or you can juice or blend with
healthy yogurt to add another flavor.
Some people say eating the fruits
whole is better than juicing.

5 A Day

Health Experts, nutritionists and

dietitians that tell us about 5 A Day
tell us that eating five portions of
fruits and vegetables everyday can
help prevent or fight cancer and
heart disease, and many other
lifestyle diseases. 1 serving or
portion of fruits is approximately
equivalent to:
1 pear
1 apple
1 medium carrot
A handful of strawberries
1 banana
1 peach
1 glass of unsweetened fruit juice

More Benefits of Eating Fruits

-Help to fight diseases such as

cancer, heart disease and so on.
-They are anti- allergic.
-They are anti- inflammatory.
-They are anti- viral.
-They help regular eliminations of
toxins.
-They are anti-carcinogenic.
Carcinogens in the body contribute
to causing cancer cells to grow or
multiply.
-They help to boost the immune
system.
-They help to prevent and fight
against infections.
-They greatly reduce the risk of your
likelihood of contracting a wide
range of diseases.

MALNUTRITION
-Refers to insufficient, excessive, or
imbalanced consumption of
nutrients by an organism.

INSUFFICIENT
-Under consumption generally refers
to the long-term consumption of
insufficient sustenance in relation to
the energy that an organism expends
EXCESSIVE
-Over consumption generally refers
to the long-term consumption of
excess sustenance in relation to the
energy that an organism expends or
expels, leading to poor health and, in
animals, obesity. It can cause
excessive hair loss, brittle nails and
irregular premenstrual cycles for
females.

UNBLANCED
-When too much of one or more
nutrients is present in the diet to the
exclusion of the proper amount of
other nutrients, the diet is said to be
unbalanced.

Roles and Properties

For completeness C,H, and O are
included here since they make up
the bulk of a plants mass (average
protein composition is 51 % C. 25%
O, 16% N, 7% H, 0.4% S, and 0.4%
P).

Carbon (C)
-Basic structural element of life.
(<0.1%) in the earth’s crust
-One of the most abundant elements
in living things.
-Occurs in plants combined with
hydrogen and oxygen, and their
geological derivatives, petroleum
and coal,where it is combined
mostly with hydrogen in the form of
hydrocarbons.
-Carbon also occurs in the
atmosphere as CO2, and in rocks as
carbonate minerals such as
limestone.
-Deficiency symptoms: very serious,
no growth!

Oxygen (O)
-Powerful oxidizing agent (where
the word came from).
-Oxygen is the most abundant
element in the earth’s crust on the
basis of both mass and number of
atoms (49.5 of the mass of the
earth’s crust is oxygen atoms).
-In the combined state, oxygen
occurs in many minerals, living
things and water.
-Deficiency symptoms: No
respiration

Hydrogen (H)
-Lightest element and a powerful
reducing agent
-Most abundant element in the
universe.
-In the earth’s crust hydrogen is
third in abundance on an atom basis.
-On a mass basis, it is ninth in order
of abundance and contributes only
0.88% of the mass of the crust.

Nitrogen (N)
-About 1/3 as abundant as carbon.
-Lightest element with 5e- in outer
orbital shell, 3 valence electrons and
one unshared pair.
-Deficiency symptoms: Plants
containing enough nitrogen to attain
limited growth exhibit deficiency
symptoms consisting of general
chlorosis, especially of older leaves.
-In many plants, excess nitrogen
often stimulates shoot growth more
than root growth and may favour
vegetative growth over flowering
and seed formation.

Phosphorus (P)
-Occurs and reacts as
orthophosphate, the fully oxidized
and stable form.
-Participates in metabolism by
forming water-stable phosphate
esters and anhydrides.
-Deficiency symptoms: Phosphorus-
deficient plants are stunted and, in
contrast to those lacking nitrogen,
are often dark green.

Sulfur (S)
-Sulfate (SO4=) from the soil is the
primary source of S, although some
SO2 is absorbed from the
atmosphere (too much SO2 can be
quite toxic to plants.
-Deficiency symptoms: General
chlorosis in leaf including vascular
bundles.

Potassium (P)
-Dominant cation in plants.
K+ is an activator of many enzymes
that are essential for photosynthesis
and respiration and it also activates
enzymes needed to form starch and
proteins.
-Deficiency symptoms: Leaves
develop necrotic lesions and light
chlorosis.

Calcium (CA++)
-Often the most abundant divalent
cation in plants
-Important component of cell walls
-Important for maintaining the
integrity of membranes,especially
the plasma membrane.
-Deficiency symptoms:
Meristematic regions die. Margins
of younger leaves become chlorotic
then necrotic. Young leaves are
malformed.

Magnesium (Mg++)
-Most important divalent cation in
enzymatic catalysis. Involved in
most reactions involving ADP and
ATP.
-Activates enzymes for DNA and
RNA synthesis.
-Deficiency symptoms: Deficiency
causes extensive interveinal
chlorosis which starts with basal
leaves and progresses to younger
leaves (it is mobile).

Iron (Fe++)
-Important for its oxidation-
reduction properties (Fe+++ to Fe+
+).
-It is also required for chlorophyll
synthesis.
-Extensive interveinal chlorosis,
starting with younger leaves (iron is
relatively immobile). Similar to Mg
except in younger leaves.

Copper (Cu++)
-Important for it oxidation-reduction
properties (Cu++ to Cu+)
-It is an important component of
several critical enzymes (eg.,
plastocyanin for photosynthesis and
cytochrome oxidase for respiration).
-Deficiency symptoms: Plants need
a very little copper so they are rarely
deficient in it ( usually sufficiently
available in soil). Copper deficiency
leads to misshapen and dark green
younger leaves. Copper can be very
toxic if in excess.
Molybdenum (Mo6+)
-Important for it oxidation-reduction
properties.
-It is also important in organisms
that can carry out nitrogen fixation
(from N2)
-Deficiency symptoms: Most plants
require less molybdenum than any
other element, so deficiencies are
rare. Symptoms often consist of
interveinal chlorosis, first in older
leaves. Young leaves may be
severely twisted (whiptail disease).

Manganese (Mn++)
-Important for it oxidation-
reduction properties
-A major role for manganese is in
the removal of electrons from water
during photosynthesis (water
oxidation).
-Deficiency Symptoms: The absence
of Manganese causes
disorganization of chloroplast
thylakoid membranes. Plants
become chlorotic. However,
deficiencies are rare since low
amounts are rare since low amounts
are required and it is usually in
plentiful supply in soil.

Zinc (Zn++)
-Important in enzymes with
oxidation- reduction properties.
-Deficiency symptoms: Interveinal
chlorosis and inhibition of stem and
growth. Zinc deficiency causes the
disorders “little leaf” and “rosette”
in apples, peaches, and pecans.

Boron (B(OH)3)
-Specific function unknown.
-In the absence of Boron, meristems
stop growing. In addition, pollen
tubes can’t elongate without boron.
-Deficiency Symptoms: Root and
shoot tips stop growing.

Chloride (Cl-)
-Plants frequently contain a good
deal of chloride but very little is
required as a nutrient.
-It has important functions in
photosynthesis.
 Sodium (Na+)
-Essential for some halophytes.
-Sodium can replace potassium
where it is deficient.
-Exact functions unknown.

Silicon (Si4+)
-Abundant in soils
-Used by some plants to strengthen
cell walls (eg., rice, oats,
equisetum).

Cobalt
-Not required by plants, but required
by the bacteriods of root nodules
which fix N2, and thus indirectly in
nitrogen nutrition.

C. Activity

We will have an activity. On the

same group as we have earlier, you
will differentiate or list the
macronutrients and micronutrients
in plants including its similarities
using the Venn Diagram. Pick one
representative to explain your work.
I’ll give you 3 minutes for the
activity.

Rubrics:
Accuracy-------------50%
Teamwork-----------25%
Presentation---------25%
______________________

Total 100%

C. Application

On the same group answer this

question.

What are the benefits of eating

fruits?

Choose two representatives to

discuss/report your answer in front.

D. Analysis
 (Asking questions randomly)

What are the Micronutrients and

Macronutrients in Plants.

IV. Evaluation

Instruction: In a ½ sheet of paper answer the following questions.

_______1. It is the study of the chemical elements that are necessary for plant growth.
_______2. It is extremely advantageous to your health- vitamins, minerals, antioxidants,
phytochemicals and lots of fibre.
_______3-9. Give the Macronutrients in Plants.
_______10-18. Give the Micronutrients in Plants.
_______19. Refers to insufficient, excessive, or imbalanced consumption of nutrients by an
organism.
_______20. When too much of one or more nutrients is present in the diet to the exclusion of the
proper amount of other nutrients

V. Assignment
Have an advance reading on the next lesson!