Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1 PSV Sizing for Blocked Liquid Discharge Condition API 520 Part 1 Sec 3.8, 7th Edition PSV - Blocked Liquid Discharge
2 PSV Sizing for Blocked Gas Discharge Condition API 520 Part 1 Sec 3.6, 7 Edition
th
PSV - Blocked Gas Outlet
3 PSV Sizing for Fire Case of Liquid Filled Vessel API 521 Par 5.15 PSV - Fire Case (Liquid Filled)
4 PSV Sizing for Control Valve Fail Open Case API 521, Section 5.10, 2007 edition PSV-Control Valve Fail Open
5 Relief Valve Sizing for Thermal Expansion API 521 Par 5.14 RV (Temperature) Thermal Expansion
6 Restriction Orifice Sizing for Gas Flow Perry's Handbook RO - Gas Flow
7 Restriction Orifice Sizing for Liquid Flow Perry's Handbook RO - Liquid Flow
8 Single Phase Flow Line Sizing Tool Darcy-Weisbach Equation Single Phase Line Sizing
9 Gas Control Valve Sizing Tool Fisher's Equation Control Valve Sizing
Guidelines
API recommended practices for the use of Safety Relief Valves in Petroleum & Chemical industries - mostly used are:
1. API Recommended Practice 520 Part I - Sizing, Selection & Installation of Pressure relieving devices in Refineries.
2. API Recommended Practice 520 Part II – Installation of pressure relief systems in Refineries.
3. API Recommended Practice 521 – Guide for Pressure-Relieving and Depressuring Systems.
4. API Standard 526 - Flanged Steel Pressure Relief Valves
5. API Recommended Practice 527 - Seat Tightness of Pressure Relief Valves
6. API Standard 2000 - Venting Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks: Non-refrigerated and Refrigerated
7. API Standard 2001- Fire Protection in Refineries.
The designed pressure relieving devices should be certified and approved under Code,
1. ASME- Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section I, and Section VIII, Pressure Vessels.
2. ASME- Performance Test Code PTC-25, Safety and Relief Valves.
Notes
The following Excel Sheet serves for training and preliminay design purposes and process specifications but the final design must always be
guaranteed for service by an authorized manfucturing vendor.
PSV Sizing - Blocked Liquid Discharge [Requiring Capacity Certification]
Equipment No. V-100 PSV SIZING RESULTS
Relief Service Water Selected Standard Orifice Area [Based on API 526] 0.50 inch2
Reason for Relief Blocked Liquid Discharge Selected Orifice Designation G -
Liquid Density (for specific gravity calc) 997 kg/m3 Specific Gravity [SG] 0.997 -
Liquid Viscosity 0.7 cP Relieving/Upstream Pressure [P1] 16,108 kPag
Back Pressure at Relief Valve Discharge 0.00 barg Coefficient of Discharge [Kd] 0.65 -
Rupture Disc Installed Upstream of RV no Combination correction factors for use of rupture discs [KC] 1 -
Type of Relief Valve Conventional Correction Factor due to back pressure[KW] 1.00 -
227 mm2
Initial Orifice Area Sizing (no viscosity correction) [Kv = 1.0] [AR]
0.35 inch2
Reynolds Number [R] 3,035,123 -
Notes
1. Conventional and pilot operated valves require no special correction for Kw (correction due to back pressure)
2. Balanced Bellow type valves should be selected if back pressure is a variable
Flow through vessel / Relieving Rate [W] 15,000 kg/h Mass Flow [W] 33,069 lb/h
Gas Molecular Weight [MW] 65.0 lb/lbmol Relieving Temperature of Inlet gas to PSV [T] 627 Rankine
Relieving Temperature 75 0
C Coefficient of Discharge [Kd] 0.975 -
Back Pressure at Relief Valve Discharge 4.00 barg Combination correction factors for use of rupture discs [K C] 1.00 -
Rupture Disc Installed Upstream of RV No CALCULATIONS - SUB CRITICAL FLOW
Type of Relief Valve Conventional Downstream Pressure [P 2] 72.7 psia
FLOW CONDITION BEHAVIOUR Ratio of Back Pressure to Upstream Relieving Pressure [r] 0.77 -
Upstream Relieving Pressure [P 1] 94.5 psia PSV SIZING RESULTS - BASED on API 526
51.5 psia Calculated Orifice Area [Acalc] 3.39 inch2
Critical Flow Nozzle Pressure [P cf]
2.5 barg Selected Orifice Designation M -
FLOW CONDITION BEHAVIOUR SUBCRITICAL FLOW Selected Standard Orifice Area [A select] [ Based on API 526] 3.6 inch2
Notes
1. Conventional and pilot operated valves require no special correction for K w (correction due to back pressure)
Reason for Relief Liquid Filled vessel [Fire Case] Selected Orifice Designation D -
Tank Length [T/T] [L] 21.00 m Ratio of Specific Heats [k = CP/CV] 1.39 - Coefficient [C] [SQRT(lbm.lbmol.R/lbf.hr] 355 Unit
Tank with Boot Yes - Gas Compressibility Factor [Z] 0.53 - Relieving/Upstream Pressure [P1] 1,769 psia
Boot Diameter 1.20 Gas Molecular Weight [MW] 79.3 lb/lbmol Relieving Temperature of Inlet gas to PSV [T] 989.6 Rankine
Boot Height 2.00 Relieving Temperature 277 C
0
Coefficient of Discharge [Kd] 0.975 -
Mounting Horizontal - RV Set Pressure 100.00 barg Percent of Gauge Back Pressure 3.5 %
Vessel and Boot Head Hemispherical - Over Pressure 21 % Correction Factor due to back pressure[KB] 1.00 -
Tank Elevation w/o considering Boot [H] 5.5 m Back Pressure at Relief Valve Discharge 3.5 barg Combination correction factors for use of rupture discs [K C] 1.00 -
Tank Elevation with Boot [H] 2.9 m Rupture Disc Installed Upstream of RV No CALCULATIONS - SUB CRITICAL FLOW
Operating Liquid Level [HLL/NLL] [F] 4.0 m Type of Relief Valve Conventional Downstream Pressure [P2] 65 psia
Drainage & Fire Fighting Measures Available - FLOW CONDITION BEHAVIOUR Ratio of Back Pressure to Upstream Relieving Pressure [r] 0.04 -
150 kJ/kg Critical Flow Pressure Ratio 0.53 - Coefficient of Subcritical Flow [F 2] 0.14 -
Latent Heat of Vaporization
64 BTU/lb Upstream Relieving Pressure [P1] 1,769 psia PSV SIZING RESULTS - BASED on API 526
Is the Vessel Insulated Yes - 938 psia Calculated Orifice Area [Acalc] 0.04 inch2
Critical Flow Nozzle Pressure [P cf]
Thermal Conductivity of Insulation 3.00 W/m.K 62.8 barg Selected Orifice Designation D -
% Piping Exposed to Fire 20 % FLOW CONDITION BEHAVIOUR CRITICAL FLOW Selected Standard Orifice Area [Aselect] [ Based on API 526] 0.11 inch2
Environmental Factor [F] 0.0399 -
9,594 lb/h
Vapour Flow Rate
4,352 kg/h
Notes
1. Conventional and pilot operated valves require no special correction for Kw (correction due to back pressure)
4. Section VIII, Division I, of the ASME Code requires that capacity certification be obtained for pressure relief valves designed for liquid service.
5. The wetted area computed with hemispherical ends is considered approximately equal to wetted area with elliptical heads since margin is added to account for piping. The difference is expected to be accomodated in the margin
PSV Sizing - Control Valve Fail Open
Equipment No. V-100 PSV SIZING RESULTS
Relief Service Fuel Gas FLOW CONDITION BEHAVIOUR CRITICAL FLOW
Reason for Relief Control Valve Fail Open Selected Standard Orifice Area [Based on API 526] 26.00 inch2
4.63 barg Gas Compressibility Factor [Z] 0.98 - Relieving/Upstream Pressure [P1] 90.4 psia
Control Valve Outlet Pressure [P 2]
82 psia Gas Molecular Weight [MW] 19.4 lb/lbmol Relieving Temperature of Inlet gas to PSV [T] 551 Rankine
Control Valve Inlet Temperature [T1] 35.0 0
C Relieving Temperature [CV Outlet] 32.7 C
0
Coefficient of Discharge [K d] 0.975 -
Gas Molecular Weight [MW] 19.37 kg/kmol RV Set Pressure 4.50 barg Percent of Gauge Back Pressure 0.0 %
Ratio of Specific Heats [k = C P/CV] 1.25 Over Pressure 16 % Correction Factor due to back pressure[KB] 1.00 -
Control Valve C v 768.0 - Back Pressure at Relief Valve Discharge 0.00 barg Combination correction factors for use of rupture discs [K C] 1.00 -
Gas Compressibility Factor [Z] 0.9791 Rupture Disc Installed Upstream of RV No CALCULATIONS - SUB CRITICAL FLOW
CALCULATIONS Type of Relief Valve Balanced Bellow Downstream Pressure [P2] 14.7 psia
Parameter Value Unit FLOW CONDITION BEHAVIOUR Ratio of Back Pressure to Upstream Relieving Pressure [r] 0.16 -
Pressure Drop [ΔP] 27 psia Critical Flow Pressure Ratio 0.56 - Coefficient of Subcritical Flow [F 2] 0.31 -
Pressure Drop Ratio [x] 0.25 - Upstream Relieving Pressure [P 1] 90.4 psia PSV SIZING RESULTS - BASED on API 526
Piping Geometry Factor [Fp] 1.00 - 50.2 psia Calculated Orifice Area [Acalc] 23.55 inch2
Critical Flow Nozzle Pressure [Pcf]
Ratio of Specific Heat Factor [F k] 0.89 - 2.4 barg Selected Orifice Designation T -
Rated Pressure Drop Factor [xT] 0.81 - FLOW CONDITION BEHAVIOUR CRITICAL FLOW Selected Standard Orifice Area [Aselect] [ Based on API 526] 26 inch2
Notes
1. Conventional and pilot operated valves require no special correction for K w (correction due to back pressure)
2. Balanced Bellow type valves should be selected if back pressure is a variable
3. Upstream Relieving Pressure = Set Pressure + Allowable Over Pressure
4. Section VIII, Division I, of the ASME Code requires that capacity certification be obtained for pressure relief valves designed for liquid service.
Relief Valve Sizing - Thermal Expansion
Equipment No. V-100 PSV SIZING RESULTS
Relief Service Fuel Gas Selected Standard Orifice Area NPS 3/4" x NPS 1"
Reason for Relief Thermal Expansion RV Flow Rate [m3/h] 1.91
INPUT Notes
Parameter Value Unit 1. Since the flowrates are very small for Thermal expansion cases the safety valve size of
850 kg/m3 NPS 3/4" x NPS 1" (DN 20 x DN25) should be sufficient as per API 521 Par. 5.14.2
Density of Liquid (ρ)
53.1 lb/ft3
2.00 kJ/kg.K
Specific Heat of Trapped Fluid [C]
0.4777 BTU/lb 0F
Cubic Expansion Coefficient [B] 0.00050 1/0F
RESULTS
8.40 USGPM
RV Flow Rate
1.91 m3/h
RO Sizing - Gas Flow
Equipment No. V-100 RO SIZING RESULTS
Relief Service Fuel Gas FLOW CONDITION BEHAVIOUR CRITICAL FLOW
RO Tag No. xx-RO-xxx GAS FLOW 6803.0 kg/h
Gas Molecular Weight [MW] 24.52 kg/kmol Downstream Pressure [P 2] 8.00 bara
Ratio of Specific Heats [k = C P/CV] 1.18 - Upstream Temperature [T1] 360.8 K
Upstream Pressure [P1] 61.99 barg Upstream Gas Specific Gravity [SG] 0.85 -
Downstream Pressure [P2] 7.0 barg Critical Expansion Factor (Ycr) 0.69 -
Upstream Temperature [T 1] 87.7 °C Blowdown Orifice Diameter [d] (F tp = 1) 15.22 mm
Upstream Gas Density [ρ1] 1.09 kg/m3 β [d/D] 0.3092 -
FLOW CONDITION BEHAVIOUR CRITICAL FLOW Blowdown Orifice Diameter [d] 57.8 mm
Notes
RO INPUT CALCULATIONS
Parameter Value Unit Parameter Value Unit
Liquid Density [ρ1] 850 kg/m3 Upstream Pressure [P 1] 1.44 bara
Upstream Pressure [P1] 0.43 barg Downstream Pressure [P 2] 1.01 bara
Downstream Pressure [P2] 0.00 barg 1,963 mm2
Orifice Area [A]
Pressure Ratio [P2/P1] 0.70 - 0.001963 m2
Orifice diameter [d] 50.0 mm Orifice Mass Flow 10.07 kg/s
Orifice Coefficient [C] 0.60 - Orifice Volume Flow 0.0119 m3/s
Notes
1. P1 & P2 is computed in Pascals (Pa)
2. In case, Orifice Flow Rate is Known, Use 'Goal Seek' to backcalculate the orifice diameter required
Single Phase Line Sizing
Piping No. x"-xxx-xxx RO SIZING RESULTS
Service Condensate Pressure Drop [ΔP] 0.0002 bar
From Equipment V-100 Fluid Velocity 0.05 m/s
Notes
1. P1 & P2 is computed in Pascals (Pa)
2. If NRe <= 2100 - Use Laminar Flow Friction Factor
2. If NRe <= 4000 - Use Churchill Equation
3. If NRe > 4000 - Use Colebrook Equation
4. Pressure Drop is estimated using Darcy-Weisbach Equation
Gas Control Valve Sizing
Equipment No. V-100
Service Fuel Gas
6.49 barg
Control Valve Inlet Pressure [P1]
109 psia
4.63 barg
Control Valve Outlet Pressure [P 2]
82 psia
Control Valve Inlet Temperature [T1] 35.0 0
C
CALCULATIONS
Parameter Value Unit
Pressure Drop [ΔP] 27 psia
Notes
Sizing is based on Fisher Equation for Gas Flow
Tank LAH & LAHH Calculator
2,771 ft3
Total Volume of Tank [Vtotal]
20,728 U.S Gallons LAHH 14.74 feet
Summary
2.23 ft
LAH to NLL