MP - Ehs Compliance

1.
Supply Chain Fundamental
4. EHS Compliance
Facilitator
Arief B. Suharko, Ph.D., CPIM, CILT
PAGE : 1 UGRA TARAKA SCHOOL – Professional Logistics School
Outline
1. EHS Movement: a History
2. Accidents: Effects, Causation, Investigation & Reporting
3. Certifications
4. Work Hazards
1
1. Supply Chain Fundamental
Milestones
1892 - First recorded safety program is established.
1900 - Frederick Taylor: Efficiency studies. Frank Gilbreth: The motion studies.
1908 - Concept of workers’ compensation is introduced in the United States.
1916 - Concept of negligent manufacture is established (product liability).
1924 - Hawthorne Light Experiments.
1990 - Safety professionals begin to apply the principles of ergonomics.
1996 - Total safety management (TSM) concept is introduced.
2000 - U.S. begins to pursue ISO 14000 registration for environmental safety management.
2003 - Workplace violence and terrorism are an ongoing concern of EHS professionals.
2009 - Global Harmonization System for chemicals established.
2010 - Off-the-job safety becomes an issue.
2007 - Safety of older people reentering the workplace becomes an issue.
Past Tragedies
▪ Hawk’s Nest (silicosis,

1930)
▪ Asbestos Menace (1964)
▪ Bhopal (1984)
▪ Bangladesh Factory Fire
(2012)
2
Early Accident Prevention – 3Es of Safety
Outline
3. Certifications
4. Work Hazards
3
Cost of Accidents
Medical Insurance
Lost wages,
expenses, administration,
Fire-related Motor vehicle

Indirect costs
losses, property damage,
Accidents & Other Causes of Death
25 – 44 y.o, U.S., 2017
4
Work Deaths in a Typical Year (U.S.)
Theories of Accident Causation
Domino Theory
Human Factors Theory
Accident/Incident Theory
Epidemiological Theory
Systems Theory
Combination Theory
Behavioral Theory
Individual factors
Depression
Management failures
Obesity
Swiss Cheese Model
5
Heinrich’s Domino Theory
Factors: ▪ Injuries are caused by the action of

preceding factors and
▪ Ancestry and social environment.
▪ Fault of person.
▪ Removal of the central factor
(unsafe act/hazardous condition)
▪ Unsafe act/mechanical or physical
hazard.
negates the action of the preceding
factors and, in so doing, prevents
▪ Accident.
accidents and injuries.
▪ Injury.
Human Factors Theory
6
Accident/Incident Theory
Epidemiological Theory
7
Systems Theory
Typical Management Failures
POOR HOUSEKEEPING OR
PRESSURE TO MEET
IMPROPER USE OF TOOLS,
DEADLINES
EQUIPMENT, OR FACILITIES
8
Accident Investigation Types
Accident report Accident-analysis report

Completed when the accident in question Completed when the accident in question is
represents only a minor incident. serious.
It answers the following questions: who, It should answer the same questions as the
what, where, and when. however, it does not regular accident report plus one more—why.
answer the why question. Requires a formal accident analysis.
When to Investigate
The first thing to do when an accident takes place is to

implement emergency procedures.
As soon as all emergency procedures have been

accomplished, the accident investigation should begin.
All accidents, no matter how small, should be

investigated.
9
What to Investigate
The purpose of an accident investigation is to collect facts.
It is not Fault finding
Causes of the accident should be the primary focus.
The investigation should be guided by the following words: who,

what, when, where, why, and how.
5 Component of Accident Investigation

Task- related questions
Material-related
questions
Environment-related
questions
Personnel-related
questions
Management-related
questions
10
Common Causes
Personal beliefs and feelings
Decision to work unsafely
Mismatch or overload
Systems failures
Traps
Unsafe conditions
Unsafe acts
Who Should Investigate?

▪ Supervisor of the injured worker
▪ A safety and health professional
▪ An investigative team
▪ Outside specialists
→ Depends on factors:
▪ Size of the company
▪ Structure of the company’s safety and health program
▪ Type of accident
▪ Seriousness of the accident
▪ Technical complexity
▪ Number of times that similar accidents have occurred
▪ Company’s management philosophy
▪ Company’s commitment to safety and health
11
Investigation Process
Witness Interview
▪ Immediacy
▪ Principal’s Office
Syndrome Avoidance
▪ Open-ended Format
12
Unreported Accidents
Red tape
Ignorance
Embarrassment
Record-spoiling
Fear of repercussions
No feedback
Investigation Mistakes
1. Failing to investigate near misses

2. Taking ineffective corrective action
3. Allowing your biases to color the results of the investigation
4. Failing to investigate in a timely manner
5. Failing to account for human nature when conducting interviews
6. Failing to learn investigation techniques
7. Allowing politics to enter into an investigation
8. Failing to conduct an in-depth investigation
9. Allowing conflicting goals to enter into an investigation
10.Failing to account for the effects of uncooperative people
13
Outline
3. Certifications
4. Work Hazards
ISO 45001:2018 vs OHSAS 18001:2007
14
ISO 45001:2018 vs OHSAS 18001:2007
ISO 45001:2018 vs OHSAS 18001:2007
15
ISO 45001:2018 vs OHSAS 18001:2007
Indonesia
▪ UU No. 1 Tahun 1970 Keselamatan Kerja
▪ UU No. 13 Tahun 2013 Ketenagakerjaan
▪ PP No. 50 Tahun 2012 Penerapan SMK3
▪ Permenaker No. 4 Tahun 1987 P2K3
▪ Permenaker No. 2 Tahun 1992 AK3_E
▪ Permenaker No. 5 Tahun 1996 SMK3_E
▪ Permenakertrans No. 18 Tahun 2008 Penyelenggara Audit
16
Outline
3. Certifications
4. Work Hazards
Work Hazards
Ergonomic Hazards: Musculoskeletal Disorders and Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDS)
Stress
Mechanical Hazards
Falling, Impact, Acceleration, and Vision Hazards
Hazards of Temperature Extremes
Pressure Hazards
Electrical Hazards
Fire Hazards
Industrial Hygiene
Violence in Workplace
Noise and Vibration Hazards
Emergencies, Disaster, Terrorism
Bloodborne Pathogen, Bacterial Hazards
17
Ergonomics Hazards
Ergonomics:
▪ A multidisciplinary science that seeks to
conform the workplace and all of its
physiological aspects to the worker.
▪ Using special design and evaluation
techniques to make tasks, objects, and
environments more compatible with
human abilities and limitations.
▪ Seeking to improve productivity and
quality by reducing workplace stressors,
reducing the risk of injuries and illnesses,
and increasing efficiency.
Ergonomics Hazards (cont’d)
18
Ergonomics Hazards (cont’d)
Stress
▪ Workplace stress involves the

emotional state resulting from
a perceived difference
between the level of
occupational demand and a
person’s ability to cope with
this demand.
19
Sources of Workplace Stress
▪ Physical working conditions ▪ Feeling of Responsibility

▪ Work overload ▪ Risk of Unemployment
▪ Role ambiguity ▪ Organizational Culture
▪ Lack of feedback ▪ Unpredictable Work Schedule
▪ Personality ▪ Home and Family Problems
▪ Personal and family problems ▪ Work Relationships
▪ Role conflict ▪ HRM Issues
▪ Task Complexity ▪ Workload Demands
▪ Control ▪ Lack of Psychological Support
▪ Lack of Environmental Safety
Common Causes of Stress

The company was recently purchased by another company
Downsizing or layoffs
Employee benefits were significantly cut.
Mandatory overtime is frequently required.
Employees have little control over how they do their work.
The consequences of making a mistake on the job are severe.
Workloads vary greatly.
Most work is machine paced or fast paced.
Workers must react quickly and accurately to changing conditions.
Personal conflicts on the job are common.
Few opportunities for advancement are available.
Workers cope with a great deal of bureaucracy in getting work done.
Staffing, money, or technology is inadequate.
Pay is below the going rate.
Employees are rotated among shifts.
20
Human Reactions
Alarm
Resistance
Exhaustion
Measurement
Subjective Ratings
Behavioral Time Sharing
Psychophysiological Technique
Physiological Measure
21
Mechanical Hazards
Mechanical Hazards (cont’d)
22
Mechanical Hazards (cont’d)
Falling, Impact, Acceleration, Vision Hazards
More than 16 percent of all

disabling work-related injuries The primary causes of falls:
are the result of falls.
• A foreign object on the

walking surface
• A design flaw in the walking
surface
• Slippery surfaces
• An individual’s impaired
physical condition
23
Type of Falls
TRIP AND STUMP AND STEP AND SLIP AND

FALL FALL FALL FALL
Protective Gears
24
Protective Gears
Protective Gears
25
Protective Gears
Temperature Extremes
▪ Heat strain is the overall physiological Symptoms:

response resulting from heat stress. The ▪ A sustained rapid heart rate (180 beats
physiological adjustments are dedicated per minutes minus the employee’s age in
to dissipating excess heat from the body. years). For example, a 40-year-old
▪ Acclimatization is a gradual employee has a sustained heart rate of
physiological adaptation that improves an 150 beats per minutes. This is a problem
individual’s ability to tolerate heat stress. because the heart rate exceeds 140 (180
minus 40) beats per minute.
▪ Core body temperature is greater than
38.5°C.
▪ Recovery rate minute after a peak work
effort is greater than 110 beats per
minute.
▪ Sudden and severe fatigue, nausea,
dizziness, or light-headedness.
26
Temperature Extremes (cont’d)
▪ Hypothermia: Excessive exposure to

cold.
▪ It can result in:
▪ impaired judgment,
▪ reduced alertness, and
▪ poor decision making.
Skin Purposes
27
Burns
▪ First-degree burns are minor and result

only in a mild inflammation of the skin,
known as erythema.
▪ Second-degree burns are easily
recognizable from the blisters that form
on the skin. A temperature of
approximately 98.9°C can cause a second
degree burn in as little as 15 seconds of
contact.
▪ Third-degree burns are very dangerous
and can be fatal depending on the amount
of body surface affected.
Chemical Burns
28
Pressure Hazards
▪ A hazard caused by a dangerous Potential safety hazards associated with

condition involving pressure. boilers and other pressurized vessels:
▪ Critical injury and damage can occur with ▪ Design, construction, or installation
relatively little pressure. errors
▪ Poor or insufficient training of operators
▪ Human error
▪ Mechanical breakdown or failure
▪ Failure or blockage of control or safety
devices
▪ Insufficient or improper inspections
▪ Improper application of equipment
▪ Insufficient preventive maintenance
Pressure Hazards
29
Electrical Hazards
Electrical Hazards
30
Electrical Equipment Locations
Current Effects on Human
31
Electrical Hazard (cont’d)
Fire Hazard
Three elements are required to start and sustain fire:

▪ Oxygen
▪ Fuel
▪ Heat
32
Classes of Fire
Classes of Flammable and Combustible Liquids
33
Fire Hazard Identification
▪ Red = Flammability
▪ Blue = Health
▪ Yellow = reactivity
▪ White = Special information
Chemical Combustion
34
Fire Extinguisher Characteristics
Industrial Hygiene
35
Dangerous Chemicals
Airborne Contaminants
36
Airborne Toxic Substances
Asbestos
37
Respirator Types
Workplace Violence
▪ Workplace violence. Violent acts, behavior, or threats that occur in the workplace or are
related to it. Such acts are harmful or potentially harmful to people, property, or organizational
capabilities.
▪ Occupational violent crime. Intentional battery, rape, or homicide during the course of
employment.
▪ Employee. An individual with an employment-related relationship (present or past) with the
victim of a workplace-violence incident.
▪ Outsider. An individual with no relationship of any kind with the victim of a workplace-
violence incident or with the victim’s employer.
▪ Employee-related outsider. An individual with some type of personal relationship (past or
present) with an employee, but who has no work-related relationship with the employee.
▪ Customer. An individual who receives products or services from the victim of a workplace-
violence incident or from the victim’s employer.
38
Noise and Vibration Hazards
Factors affecting the risk of Hearing Loss

▪ Intensity of the noise (sound pressure level)
▪ Type of noise (wide band, narrow band, or impulse)
▪ Duration of daily exposure
▪ Total duration of exposure (number of years)
▪ Age of the individual
▪ Coexisting hearing disease
▪ Nature of environment in which exposure occurs
▪ •istance of the individual from the source of the noise
▪ Position of the ears relative to the sound waves
39
Emergency, Disaster, Terrorism Preparation
Bloodborne Pathogen & Bacterial Hazards
AIDS
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
40
Breakout Room Discussion 1 – 20 minutes

1. Define some potential work hazards in certain business processes of
Mitra Prodin
2. Decide how to mitigate them
3. Present in 3 minutes
41

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1.

Supply Chain Fundamental

PAGE : 1 UGRA TARAKA SCHOOL – Professional Logistics School

PAGE : 2 UGRA TARAKA SCHOOL – Professional Logistics School

PAGE : 3 UGRA TARAKA SCHOOL – Professional Logistics School

▪ Hawk’s Nest (silicosis,

PAGE : 4 UGRA TARAKA SCHOOL – Professional Logistics School

Early Accident Prevention – 3Es of Safety

PAGE : 5 UGRA TARAKA SCHOOL – Professional Logistics School

PAGE : 6 UGRA TARAKA SCHOOL – Professional Logistics School

Fire-related Motor vehicle

PAGE : 7 UGRA TARAKA SCHOOL – Professional Logistics School

Accidents & Other Causes of Death

25 – 44 y.o, U.S., 2017

PAGE : 8 UGRA TARAKA SCHOOL – Professional Logistics School

Work Deaths in a Typical Year (U.S.)

PAGE : 9 UGRA TARAKA SCHOOL – Professional Logistics School

Theories of Accident Causation

PAGE : 10 UGRA TARAKA SCHOOL – Professional Logistics School

Heinrich’s Domino Theory

Factors: ▪ Injuries are caused by the action of

PAGE : 11 UGRA TARAKA SCHOOL – Professional Logistics School

Human Factors Theory

PAGE : 12 UGRA TARAKA SCHOOL – Professional Logistics School

PAGE : 13 UGRA TARAKA SCHOOL – Professional Logistics School

PAGE : 14 UGRA TARAKA SCHOOL – Professional Logistics School

PAGE : 15 UGRA TARAKA SCHOOL – Professional Logistics School

Typical Management Failures

PAGE : 16 UGRA TARAKA SCHOOL – Professional Logistics School

Accident Investigation Types

Accident report Accident-analysis report

PAGE : 17 UGRA TARAKA SCHOOL – Professional Logistics School

The first thing to do when an accident takes place is to

As soon as all emergency procedures have been

All accidents, no matter how small, should be

PAGE : 18 UGRA TARAKA SCHOOL – Professional Logistics School

The purpose of an accident investigation is to collect facts.

It is not Fault finding

Causes of the accident should be the primary focus.

The investigation should be guided by the following words: who,

PAGE : 19 UGRA TARAKA SCHOOL – Professional Logistics School

5 Component of Accident Investigation

PAGE : 20 UGRA TARAKA SCHOOL – Professional Logistics School

Who Should Investigate?

PAGE : 22 UGRA TARAKA SCHOOL – Professional Logistics School

PAGE : 23 UGRA TARAKA SCHOOL – Professional Logistics School

PAGE : 24 UGRA TARAKA SCHOOL – Professional Logistics School

PAGE : 25 UGRA TARAKA SCHOOL – Professional Logistics School

1. Failing to investigate near misses

PAGE : 26 UGRA TARAKA SCHOOL – Professional Logistics School

PAGE : 27 UGRA TARAKA SCHOOL – Professional Logistics School

ISO 45001:2018 vs OHSAS 18001:2007

PAGE : 28 UGRA TARAKA SCHOOL – Professional Logistics School

ISO 45001:2018 vs OHSAS 18001:2007

PAGE : 29 UGRA TARAKA SCHOOL – Professional Logistics School

ISO 45001:2018 vs OHSAS 18001:2007

PAGE : 30 UGRA TARAKA SCHOOL – Professional Logistics School

ISO 45001:2018 vs OHSAS 18001:2007

PAGE : 31 UGRA TARAKA SCHOOL – Professional Logistics School

PAGE : 32 UGRA TARAKA SCHOOL – Professional Logistics School

PAGE : 33 UGRA TARAKA SCHOOL – Professional Logistics School

PAGE : 34 UGRA TARAKA SCHOOL – Professional Logistics School