QUY TRiNH 'REN LUYEN 1(; NANG TU'DANH GIA
TRoNG DAY
•
HOC
•
PHAN SINH HOC
•
Cd THE, TRUNG' HOC
•
PHD THONG
1. Trong quatrinh day hoc, tlfdanh gia(T8G) g~n
lien vai tlf qiao due, T8G ket qua hQCt$p (KOHl) ta
mQt khau quan trQng, vua giup ngLfai hoc xac dinh
hi$u quacua qua trinh tlfhQCvua giup vi$c dieu chlnh,
dinh hvang cho qua trlnh nrhoc tiep theo va giup cho
nguai hoc tlf hoc suot dai. Vi the, T8G co vai fro rat
Ian trong qua trinh day hQCva trathanh mQtphan cua
ho~td¢ng hQct$p.
Trang qua trinh thao lu$n danh gia (8G)va T8G,
hQcsinh (HS) setim mQi Ii Ie kh,lc nhau d~phan bi$n
cho mQtquan di~m,l~p truang nao do. Slfphe phan
cua b~n hQCva giao vien (GV) khong bao ham thai
dQ thieu ton trQng, ma ngvqc I~i phe phan chinh la
no Ilfc nhin I~ivan de/quan di~m/y kien tiep tCl'nhOng
goc dQtiep c$n mai. Vai tinh than do, thai dQtiep thu
co pM phan va T8G I~i chinh minh co th~ duqc
. xem la buac di ch$p chling dau tien cua sang t~o.
a
Nhvng thl/c te d~y hQC nvac ta thai gian qua cho
thay, vi~c 8G KOHT can c6 nhling yeu kem, chu
yeu chi nham xac dinh thanh tich hQct$p, chua quan
tam T8G clla H S, chua cung cap dll thong tin phan
hoi d~ HS hi~u, 8G va tien tai dieu chlnh qua trinh
hQCt$p clla minh.
M~t khac, phan kien thuc Sinh hQc (SH) co th~
trang chvong trinh SH11 hi$n nay, chu yeu la t$p
trung giai thi$u cac ho~t dQng song (sinh Ii) clla sinh
a
v$t cap dQcOth~ (co th~ da bao), va duqc th~ hi$n
theo quan diem: cau truc h$thong, lien hoa, 1<3.h$ ma;
cau truc cua tochLrc song luon phu hqp v6'ichLrc nang.
Trang tUng phan, chuong, bai, trang SH11 trinh bay
co the thl!C v$t (TV) . dQng v$t (8V) rieng bi~t, va
trong qua trinh tien h6a -thich nghi vai moitruang, da
phan h6a ratda d~ng va theo hai huang khac nhau,
nen chung c6nhieu d~ttinh khac nhau. Vi v$y, trong
qua trinh d~y hqc, huang dan HS tl/hqc SH11, khong
don thuan lad9y kien thLrcsinh Ii TV vasinh li8V, ma
can phai quan tri~t quan diem nghien Clru kien thuc
a
SH cap co th~. NghTa la khong nghien Clru ho~t
dQng sinh Ii clla co the TV, 8V m¢t cach rieng bi$t,
ma can d~t chung trong m¢t cap to chvc song nhat
dinh (cap coth~). 8ay la van de kh6 ma moi m¢tGV
(ki 1-5/2015)
ThS. LE LOI* - GS. TS.DINH QUANG BAo*"
d9y SH11 phai tran tra lam the nao de nang cao chat
luqpg day hoc b¢ rnon. Oua thl/c nghi$m chung toi
khang dinh gia trithietthl/c do T8G KOHT mang l<;li.
Khi GV biet ket hop T8G vai cac thao tac nr duy nhir:
phan tich, so sanh, tong hop va cac kTnang (KN) h~
thong hoa, KN lam vi~c vai SGK, KN on t$p ...
2. Cau true cua KN Tf>G KOHT
Duai g6c dQ day hQCde ren luy~n KN nh$n thvc
cho HS, KN T8G KOHT duqc hieu 'Ja kha nang
thlfc hi~~ mQt hanh dQng hay m¢t chu6i hanh dQng
nao d6b~g cach v$n dl,lng nhling trithvc, kinh nghi$m
dac6nham xac dinh mvc do datdvoc cua kien thvc,
KN cua ban than 'so v6'i ml,lc ti~u d~ rail. Vi v$y, cau
truc cua KN T8G duqc xac dinh nhu sau: 1) KN thu
th$p, xvii cac thong tin ve ban than. Nguon thong tin
phan hoi cLla ban than rat da d9ng, c6 the tu8G clla
b9n hQchay nh$n xetcua GV doivai ketquacua ban
than, qua tl/ hqc vai tai Ii~u hQc t$p, qua vi~c tai hi~n
kien thvc da hQc...; 2) KN so sanh, doi chieu vai ml,lc
tieu, tieu chuan do ban than hay nguai khac de ra.
8ay la h09t d¢ng mang d~c trung tri tu~, doi hoi phai
c6 KN ph an tich - tong hqp. Phan tich can~ sau nham
xac dinh cactieu chi chinh xac, day dll deso sanh thi
vi~c 8G, T8G cang toan di~n; 3) Tim ra nhling di~m
m9nh, di~m yeu cua ban than; 4) 8e xuat cae giai
phap d~ cai thi$n thlfc tr9ng KOHT hi$n t9i.
Nhu v$y, vai ph9m vi KN T8G KOHT duqc
xem xettrong moi quan h$vai8G va h09tdQng d9y
hqc, thi nocotinh chaWG dedieu chlnh dung huang
qua trinh hqc, c6 tinh chat cua vi~c tlf hQCva tlf hQC
suotdai.
3. Ouytrinh rim luy~n cho HS KN Tf>G KOHT
3.1. Ouy trinh chung
Giai do~n 1. Hinh thimh cac thao tilc cua KN
Tf)G: Bt16'c 1. Giai thi$u h09t dQng T8G KOHT;
Bt16'c 2. Lay vi du minh hoa.
Giai do~n 2:T6 chuc: HS luy~n t~p KN TeG:
Bt16'c 1.Giao nhi~m Vl,l hqc t$p cho HS; Bt16'c2. HS
thlfc hi$n h09t dQng hQc t$p; Bt16'c 3. HS thlfc hi~n
• TruongTHPTthi xii QuangT~
•• TruongDc,i hQc sit ph~m HaNQi
T~p chi Giao dye so 357139
 8G va T8G; Buoc 4. GV nhan xet, chinh xac hoa _ dung kien thLrc; + K~ tra IOiCH (xac djnh yeu cau
KN; BuGeS. HS tL!dieu chlnh, hoan thi~n KN. CH, each phan tich, tong hop kien thLrc'tunQi dung tai
3.2. Cac mtic d¢ (MfJ)5'; dl)ng quy trinh ren Ii$u colie~ quan den CH); -GV chieu rubic djnh Ivqng
luy~n KN TfJG KQHT cno HS hv6'ng dan 8G, can CLrvao rubic GV phan fich dap
3.2.1. MfJ1. BitehuGe TfJG KQHT. M81 circe an, nhan xet, 8G cau tra IOicua HS. Yeu cau HS tv
sU' dunq trong trvong hqp KN T8G cua HS th~p doi chieu, T8G bal lam cua mlnh; + HS T£)G ve KN
ho~c chua co KN nay. Vi~c sU'dl,lng quy trlnh to chirc tra IOiCH khi lam viec voi SGK.
HS ren luy~n KN T8G KOHT trong day hoc SH cO' BUGe 2. Vi dl) df;IYmuc I. Khai quat ve' QH a TV
the bang SO'do sau: GV lam rnau -> HS b~t chircc - GV giao nhiern vu hoc t~p, v6'i hlnh thLrc thao
thl/c hi~n -> GV kiem tra, dieu chlnh. lu$n nhom (3 em): 1) Quan satsacJo'QH aeay xanh
3.2.2. MfJ2. Bie! TfJG KQHT. M82 dvqc ~Lr (hinh 8.1), neu khai ni?m QH a TV?; 2) Can eU'v8o
dl,lng trong trvong hqp KN T8G KOHT cua HS da phuang trinh tong quat, hay xac cJinh vai tro QH cJO!
co nhvng chLfa hoan tOEmthanh thq_o,khi tiep nh~n VGiSl/ song.
mQt yeu cau hay mQt thong tin HS chva co kha - 8~i di$n nh6m bao cao san pham hQc t~p: - OH
nang tL!dinh hv6'ng S8 ho~t dQng the nao sao cho la qua trinh tong hqp glueo tq_idi~p Il,ICnho hap thl,l
co hi~u qua. Trong trvong hqp nay, GV dinh hvong nang ILfqng anh sang; - Vai tra OH: + Nguon cung
bang cau hoi (CH) gqi 'I, hay bai t~p tlnh huang da cap chat hU'uCO';+ Cung cap nang Ivqng; + 8ieu hoa
thiet ke, GV khong lam mau. Sau khi tL!thL!c hi~n, khong khi.
thao lu~n, GV S8kiem tra va dieu chlnh. Trong trvong - Nhom khae nh~n xet, bo sung (dai chieu v6'i san
hqp can thiet, thL!Chi~n Iq_ihOq_tdQngdodeHS kh~c pham cua minh).
sfw cac bLf6'c thL!c hi~n. Vi~c SLr dl,lng quy trinh to - GV chieu rubic hV6'ng dan T8G.
KhOng d~t
chuc HS ren luy~n KN T8G KOHT ~t
Giei Kha Trung binh
(9-10 di6m) « 5di~m)
T (9-10 di~m) (7-8 di€m)
trong d~y hQc SH & M82 b~ng sa do Trinh bay s~p x~p Trinh bay cac Trinh bay cac Chlla bi~t cach
cae thong tin day thong tin chinh thOng tin chlla s~p xep thOng
sau: GV dinh hv6'ng -> HS thL!c hi~n- day dU. con c6 tin.
86 cvc duo ngan gQn_chinh xac song diEm
> GV kiem tra, dieu chlnh. xac. r6 rang. dat con chlla r6 cho chlla hqp Ii.
rlmq.
3.2.3. MfJ3. fJQe I~p TfJG KQHT. Khai ni$m phan - KMi ni$m phan Khai ni$m Khai ni$m
M83 dvqc thL!c hi~n khi HS da thanh anh dllqc ban chat anh dllqc ban phan anh dllqc khong phan anh
cua qua trinh OH. chat cua qua ban chat cua dllqc ban chat
th~o ve KN, gan d~t den M8 tL! dQng. - Phan tich day du trinhOH. qua trinh OH. cua qua trinh
GV chi giao nhi~m Vl,l cl,lthe. HS nghien cac thanh t6: Phan tich day PhAn tich OH ho~c khOng
Nguyen li~u dau du cac thimh t6: chlla day d~ biAt pMn tlch
CLru nQidung va tL!xac dinh ml,lc dich, vao; san pham t~o Nguyen lieU dau mQt trong 3 cac thilnh t6 cua
NQidung vao; san pham thanh t6: phllong trinh
yeu cau, nhi~m vl,ldethL!c hi~n nQidung. thilnh va dieu ki$n
li~u tong quat.
cua qua trinh OH . t~o thimh va dieu Nguyen
Sau do, b~ng nhOng KN da co, HS tL! T(I do. chi ra vai tr6 ki$n cua qua dau vila; san
quang . hqp trinh OH . T(I do . pham t~o tMnh
thL!chi~n h'o~tdQng de giai quyet nhi~m cua
ch'i ra vai tro cua va di~u ki~n
chinh xac.
vu da de ra theo cach cua minh. Minh Quang hqp con cua qua trlnh
thieu chinh xac. OH.
hQa M83 b~ng sO'do sau: HS tL!ainh - T\I tin khi trinh - KM t\l tin khi - Trinh bily - Trinh bay Ion
hV6'ng -> HS thL!c hi~n -> GV kiem tra, bay. noi iO. r6 rang. trinh bay. thu hut thong tin kM xQn. thong tin
khong yap. co diem nglloi nghe, noi logic. d1l1a thu chlla chinh xac.
dieu chlnh. nhan. cuon hul to. r6 rang. song hut nglloi nghe; - Kh6ng tra loi

3.3. Vi dl) minh h9a: sti dl,lng Cach trlnh bay

nglloi nghe. chlla co di§m noi to r6 rang dllqc CH them
t(l phia GV hay
Tra loi t6t CH nhan. song chlla co
phvO'ng phap lam vi~c v6'i SG K de d~y them t(l phia GV Tra loi dllqc di~m nhan. b~n hoC.

bai Quang hQP (QH) d TV (SH11). hay b~n hoC. Duy tri phan Ion CH - T ra loi dllqc
allqc giao tiep bang them cua GV hay rat it cau hoi t(I
Giaidoan 1. Hinh thimh cac thao mat. ban hoc. GV hay ban hoc

fac cua KN TfJG

BUGe 1. Gi6i thi?u hOc;JtcJQngTfJG KQHT. Ren Can eLrvao do GV hv6'ng dan lam mau de HS
luy~n KN T8G thong qua KN tra IOiCH khai thac nQi thL!c hi~n tung bv6'c.
dung SGK dehlnh thanh kien thvc m6'i: -GV cha h~ - Ve n¢i dung kien thLrc:khong nhattriv6'iban chat
thong CH, yEw cau HS thL!c hi~n thea nhom (3 em); khai ni~m; vi~c xac dinh vai tra cua OH chva du svc
• HS dL!a vao CH detL!lL!c khaithac nQidung SGK, thuyet phl;Jc.
tC?osanpham;-8C?idi~ncua 1 nhom HSbaocaaket - Ve KN: Xac dinh dvqc nQi dung yeu cau CH,
qua, HS nhom khac tL!kiem tra I~ibai cua m inh, nh~n nhvng vi~c tra loi nQi dung chva chinh xac do:
xet 8G bai lam cua bq_n:+ Muc dQ chinh xac ve nQi 1) Chva quan sat kThlnh 8.1 va chva co KN tong

40 I T~p chi Giao dye so 357 (kil-5/2015)

nop, nen khai niern chua phan anh ducc ban chat dl,lng cac thao tac tv duy d~ tra lai CH, KN £)G d~
cua OH, nen khai ni~m can phat bi~u la: "QH la qua giup ban hoc T£)G kien thLrc, KN. Sau d6, GV chinh
trinh di?p II,lC h{/p thl,l nang ILlQ'ngm~t troi cJe't6ng nop xac hoa.
+ Ve KN: Doc thong tin SGK ket hop van dl,lng
cacbonhydrat, giaiphong a/iJ'C02 va H20::'2) Nang
bien phap tu duy phan tlch, tong hop d~tnlloi day du,
nrc nr duy phfm tich, t6ng hop can han che nen vi~c
tra lai nqi dung vaitro OH can fhu dqng, chi dua VaG chinh xacveu cau CH.
Cu th~: 1) Can ph an ticn nhusau:« So volcac co
nQi dung SG K. be
quan khac thl la co tong di~n tich m~t rat lon, dam
Can phan nch prurcnq trinh OH tnanb cac tMnh
bao cho viec hap thl,l nhieu nang ILfqng m~t trai. Vi
°
.to: Nguyen Ii~u dau VaG (C02, ~P), SEInpham t90
a
v~y, QH Ghu yeu xay ra la va la c6 di~p Il,lc; + Hinh
thanh (C6H1P6; 2; HP) va dieu ki~n cua qua trinh
QH (anh sang m~t trai, di$p Il,lc), tv d6 mai xac dinh
a
8.2 ket hqp kenh chl1 tr. 37 (SH11). Hinh thai ben
ngoai: La cay c6 cuong la, phien la, tren phien 18. c6
dLfqc vai tro cua n6: - Thl/C chat qua trlnh QH la qua
trinh chuy~n h6a quang nang (nang ILfqng anh sang
nhieu gan la; £)~c di~m giai phau phien la: K~ m~t tu
tren cLla la, la c6 diu t90 lap bi~u bi tren chua bai l6'p
m~ttrOi) thanh h6a nang (nang ILfqng trong lien ket h6a. cutin, lap mo d~u c6 chua di~p Il,lc,h$ thong gan leiva
hQc cua chat hO'u co) nen: Nha qua trinh QH, nang lap bi~u bi dLfai c6 chua kh\ kh6ng va lap mong cutin;
luqng anh sang m$ttrOi (quang nang) dadLfqc chuy~n 2) T6ng hqp kien thuc c6 duqc tv Sl/ phan t\ch neu
thimh nang ILfqng tiem an trong cac lien ket h6a hQc tren; + Xet ve dieu ki~n cua qua trinh QH: La c6 di~n
(hoa nang). Day 18nguon nang ILfqng sedLfqc SLrdl,mg tich be m~t lan, giup cay c6 th~ hap thl,l duqc nhieu
trong qua trinh chuy~n h6a v~tchatva nang ILfqng cua nang luqng anh sang m~t trai; la c616'p cutin mong,
sinh gi6i; - San pham cua qua trinh QH 18chat hO'uco trong suot, vva c6 tac dl,lng bao v~ mat nLfaCvua c6
dtlqc dung lam thuc an cho ngLfOi va sinh v~t khac, th~ cho anh sang di qua; Trong lap tebao ma d~u c6
duqc Ii~u,nguyen li$u d~san xuat cang nghi~p ...;- Qua ch(ta rat nhieu di$p h,lc(s~c to QH).
QH, CO?(nguyen li$u dau vao) sedU'qc hap thl,lVa02 Neu chi dl/a VaG cau t90 d~ n6i len phu hqp v6'i
(san pham eua OH) S6 duqc t~o thanh. Vi v~y, QH c6 chuc nang QH cua la la chLfa du. Ben C9nh d6, phai
vaitrotrong vi~cdieu hoa khang khL phan t\ch phLfong trinh QH: Xetve ngu~en Ii~u dau
" HS tlJ rut I<inh nghi$m ve KN tn31Cti CH khai thac VaG: Lap bi~u bi dLfai c6 nhieu kh\ kh6ng d~ CO2
nQidung SG K; T£)G ve kien thu'c, KN ph an tich, t6ng khuech tan VaG ben trang. M~t tren cua la thUO'ng
hqp cua ban than. khang c6 khi kh6ng d~ tranh thoat hO'inuac trong khi
Giai dOl}n 2. Til chtic HS luy?n t?P KN TeG la dang thu nh~n CO~ trong gan la c6 m9ch dan, c6
BLlr:1c1.Giao nhi?177v~ h9C t~p cho HS. OE;!Yml,lc m9ch god~v$n chuyen nLfaCva muoikhoang; Xetve
II.,LH3. cO'quan.QH. GV t6 chuG hoq.t dQng d9y hQc san pham cLla qua trinh QH: Cac mq.ch ray trong gEIn
bang vi$c yeu cau HS tra leiih$thong·CH dinh huang la v~n chuy~n chat hl1u cO t6ng hqp duqc ala di den
khai th:k kenh thOng tin trong SG K: 1) aH diJn ra cac CO'quan va bQ ph$n khac.
chu yeL! Ii CrY quan nao cua TV? 7~i sao 7; 2) auan Bil6'c 5. HS tllrut kinh nghi~mJ cJieuchlnh va h08n
satsac16'cau tt;lOeua la cay (hinh 8.2), neLl cJ~cai{/m thi(#n KN. GV yeu cau HS tL! nh~n xet va KN thL!C
hinh thai ben ngoai va rna t8 cae thanl7ph/in chu yev hi$n h091 dQng hQc t~p d~ tra lai CH. Ne~ ra kinh
Ci.18 18cay?; 3) Can CLf'VaO phuong trin!? Off va cJijc nghi~m va phuong hvang d~ d9t KQHT tot han.
dt§.n1 ciu t?O cLlala, xac dinh slIph/) !7Q'p gitJa ca'u t?O GV tiep tl,lCgiao nhi$m Vl,lVElnhad~HS luy~n t~p
eua i8 Vr:1ic!7(tcnang QH? KN, "bi€ltT£)G" KN tra loi CH va tien tai "dQc I$p T£)G"
BLlde 2. HS tht/c 17if;nh00t oQng h9C t~p. HS do ch\nh ngLfoi hQc d~t ra: 1) Quan sat hlnh 8.3
th~'c hi$1l khaithac nQi dung SGK detra lai CH theo (51'-1"11) va dL!a VaG kien thuG VElIt,lC 19P,SH te bao
quy trinh da biet (KN ira !d'i CH; KN khai thaG kenh (SH10), hay neu cau t90 cua Il,lc 19Pthich nghi vai
hlnh; KN I,hn vi~c v&j van ban; KN phan tich, t6ng chuc nang OH?;2) Neu thimh phan vachLrc nang h~
hqp kien thu'C). s~c to quang hqp trong la xanh? Vi sao n6i carotenoit
BLlr:1c3. HS thuc Men DG va TDG: + HS neu len 121 v$ Sl cua di~p I~G?
tieu chi f)G; + San ph~m hQCt~p; + KN sLfdl,mg cac * '* *
thao tactLfduy d~tra IOidung yeu cau CH; + KN £)G .Nhu v~y, T£)G khong nhting giup HS dq,t dLfqc
va T£)G ml,lc y
tieu £)G macon c6 nghia giao dl,lc rat Ian. £)ei
BLlr:1C4. GV nh~n xet, chinh xac hoa KN. GV v6'i HS, n6 cac tac dl,lng bei dLf6ng cho cac em y
(Xem tit)p trang 35)
nh$n xet khai quat ve nQi dung cau tra lai, cach v~n
, I

Tf!lp chi Gh'so dye so 357141

(ki 1- 5/2015)
 SUMMARY
tht,rcteacac dja danh Ha NQi,g~p g6'cac nhan chCrng
trong llch SLl' d~ phon~ van he ve su ~ien doi cua Ha hasProject-basedlearning is a teaching method that
been epplicd for a long time. in which learners
NQiqua cac thai ki de tang su thuyet phuc cho sa~ gain knowledge and skills through responding to a
pham ho~cc6th~tt,rphan vaidong motcoan phim ve complex learning task - combining theories and prac-
nglfai Ha NQi... Nhvng thong tin, nguon tl1li~u thu tice - with high self-discipline during the whole pro-
dl1qcS8dl1qccac em phan tich, xLI' Iiva t90 san pham cess. from determining purposes. planning. perform-
ing.examining.adjustments. assessment. Thismethod
d§hoan thanh dung tie!1dQ. reflects many modern pedagogy opinions. contribute
3. Giai doan 3: Ket thuc DA positively to the training of learners' capacities, such
Dei vel DA "Con ngLf6'iHa N6i hao hoe, thanh as self-discipline.creation.problem-solving.usingleT.
lic/i', sau khi hetthai gian tht,rchi~n'DA theo keh09ch responsibility and collaboration.
da de ra, GV to chirc cho HS mot buoi trinh bay san Applying this method into the process of teaching
pham DA. Moi nh6m co ngl1a'idan chl10ng trinh short story "A Henoien" of Nguyen Khai in High
Schools. we collected many positive results: orient-
rieng len thuyet trinh ve y tl1ang cua nh6m. GV S9 ing students to explore.sense. analyse the short story
dira vao san pham rna HS lam ra va nhat ki hoat positively. creatively - and especially. develop stu-
dQngcua nh6m d~ danh gia, cho di~m tvng nhom dents' general skills as wellas individual professional
va tvng fhanh vien trong nhom. Sau khi danh gia, rut skills.
kinh nghi~m, to,ngket 191nQidung DA, GV S9 giai
thi~u cro HS ve hlnh I'!) au mQt ngl1ai Ha NQitrong
con mat nha van Nguyen Khai. Neu da co nh6m HS
giaithi~u ve ba Hien thiban giaithi~u ve nhan v~tba Quy trinh ren luy~nki nang...
Hien trong giao an cua GV S8 la ban chuan d~ so rTie'p thea trang 41)
sanh. Neu kheng c6 nh6m HS nao giai thi~u ve ba
Hien thl can ban k'i hon vi n6 chinh la mQt phan thLrctrach nhi~m, tinh than tl/phe, tinh dQCI~p,long
quan trQngcua nQidung bai hQc. tt,rtinva tinh sang t~o. TDG giup cho HS coth~DG
*** duqc ban thfm, chia S8 ganh n~ng DG vai GV. TDG
Xuat phat tv yeu cau doi mai phl10ng phap DH con giup HS tt,rdjnh huang, tt,rdieu chinh trong hQc
van nh~m dap LrngnQidung, chl10ng trinh va sach t~p. Do do, TDG la mQt KN quan trQng trong qua
giao khoa, Ngv van mai, tv vj tri quan trQng cua trinh tl! hQC,giup ~ho nguai hQcco th~ tt,rhQcsU,et
a
truy~n ngan Vi~t Nam sau 1975 trl1ang THPT, dai. Do do, GV can chu trQng ren luy~n dung dan
chung tei nh~n thay, vi~c to s:hLrcDH truy~n ngan cho HS KN nay. 0
M,Qtnguai Hit N,Qicua Nguyen Khai atrl1ang TH P1
bang DHDA nham phattri€m NL HS co y nghTahet Tai li~u tham khUo
s~c thiettht,r~.N6 gop phan gan bai hQcvai tht,rcti§n, I.Dinh Quang Baa - Nguyen Duc Thanh. Lilu~n d~y
gan Ii thuyet vai thl/c hanh"tl1 duy va hanh dQng, hQc Sinh hQc pMn d~i cmmg. NXB Ciao d{IC, H.1998.
nhatrLfCl'ngva xa hQi,gop phan tich cl/c VaGvi~c dao 2. Nguyen Duan. Su d?tng phuong phdp lam vi¢c v&i
tao NL lam viec nhl1:NL tl1ll1c,NL sang tao, NL giai sdch giao khoa de to' chuc cac hor;zt a(Jng hf)c t(ip cua
q'uyetvan de', tinh than trach nhi~m va 'kha nang h9C sinh trong dr;zy hf)c sinh h9C 6' tru6'ng trung h9C
phD' thOng. Lu~n an tien SI giao dl,lc hQc, Truong D\ii
cQngtac lam vi~c cua ngl1ai hQc.0
hoc su ph\im, H. 20 I O.
(!) rai u¢u t(lp hwin dr;zyh9C tich h9'P 6' tru6'ng trung 3. Nguyen The Hlmg. "Nang cao chat hn;mg h9C t~p cha
h9C CCl s6', trung h9C phD thong. NXB Dr;zi h9C su h9C sinh qua vi~c cau truc l\ii n(li dung trong d\lY hQc
phr;zm, H. 2014. so
Sinh hQc". Tr;zpchi Ciao dftlC, 245/2010, tr. 55-57.
Tai li~u tham kbao 4. VO Thi Nho. "Tim hieu khai ni~m: Tl.r danh gia".
I. Bernd Meier - Nguyen Van Cuang. Li lu~n d~y T\ip chi Tam Ii h9C. s6 3, tr. 15-16/1998.
hQc hi~n d~i • CO' sO' d6i m6'i m\lc W~u, n(li dung va
phU'01lgphap d:;ty hl.)c. NXB Dr;zih9C su phr;zm, H. 2014. SUMMARY
2. Dao ThilY Nguyen. "Th~ gi6i nhan v~t Nguyen SeJ[~assessment of learning outcomes is an
Khiii trong cam hung nghien cuu phan tich". T\ip chi important step. just to help students determine the
effectiveness of the self-study process and at the
Van hf)c, so 11/2001. same time adjust. orientate for the next self-study
3. Nguyen Khiii. Ha N(li trong m~t toi. NXB Ha N(Ji, and enable learners to have lifelongself-study. The
1995. paper gives an indepth analysis of self-assessment
4. B<) GD-DT. Ngu van 12 (nang cao): t~p II. NXB skills in teaching the body Biology section in upper
Ciao d~IC Vi¢t Nam, H. 20 i4. secondary schools.

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