Gating system in mold

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 Functions of Gating system
ØTo provide continuous, uniform feed of molten metal in to mould

cavity and to reduce the turbulence flow.

ØProper directional solidification

ØTo fill the mould cavity in a less time to avoid thermal gradient

ØTo provide minimum excess metal

ØTo prevent erosion of mould walls

ØTo prevent the foreign materials to enter in mould cavity

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 Elements of Gating system

ØIt is the conical hollow element or tapered hollow vertical portion of

the gating system

ØIt makes easier for the ladle operator to direct the flow of molten

metal from crucible to pouring basin and sprue.

ØIt helps in maintaining the required rate of liquid metal flow.

ØIt reduces turbulence and vortexing at the sprue entrance.

ØIt also helps in separating dross, slag and foreign element etc.

ØSkim core plays very important role in removing slag.

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 Elements of Gating system

ØIt is channel in cope side connected at bottom

of pouring basin which will carry molten metal to
the parting plane.
ØIn straight sprue due to vortex flow air bubbles may enter in to the
cavity this can be compensated by providing taper to it.
ØIt is tapered with its bigger end at to receive the molten metal the
smaller end is connected to the runner.
ØIt some times possesses skim bob at its lower end.

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 Elements of Gating system

ØIt acts as a reservoir for metal at the bottom of sprue in order to

reduce moment of molten metal.

ØIt will be in trapezoidal cross section which will connect the sprue to
ingates of mould cavity.
ØFor ferrous metals runner will be in cope side
ØMetal flow rate from runner should be more than flow rate in ingates
then only slag will be trapped.

ØIt is a small passage or channel being cut by gate cutter which

connect runner with the mould cavity.

Ø It feeds the liquid metal to the casting at the rate consistent with
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the rate of solidification.
ØIt is a passage in molding sand made in the cope portion of the mold.
ØMolten metal rises in it after filling the mould cavity completely.
ØIt compensates the shrinkage during solidification of the casting
thus avoiding the shrinkage defect in the casting.
ØIt also permits the escape of air and mould gases.
ØIt promotes directional solidification too and helps in bringing the
soundness in the casting.
Types of Gates
ØTop Gate
ØBottom Gate
ØParting Gate
51 ØStep Gate
 Chills

ØIn some casting, it is required to produce a hard surface at a particular place

in the casting.

Ø At that particular position, the special mould surface for fast extraction of
heat is to be made.

ØThe fast heat extracting metallic materials known as chills will be

incorporated separately along with sand mould surface during molding.

ØThe main function of chill is to provide a hard surface at a localized place in

52 the casting by way of special and fast solidification.