ETHICS FOR NURSING

RESEARCH AND EVIDENCE –

BASED PRACTICE
6.53

Jan 4,2023
 OBJECTIVES
At the end of the discussion the learner;

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ETHICAL THEORIES
MORALITY
-Traditions and beliefs about right and wrong conduct and is influenced by
social and cultural practices . ( Burkhard & Nathaniel,2014,p.35)
-Its what person believes in to be right and wrong and is shaped by what a
person has taught with the society and her or his own culture (Cipriano 2015)

Nurses should possess a character ; integrity, respect, moderation, industry

ETHICS
Study of social Morality ( Burkhard &
Nathaniel,2014,p.35)

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 VALUES THEORIES
RESPECT
All ethics codes related to human experimentation stress respect for
persons

AUTONOMY
Ability to make careful choices

BENEFICIENCE (OR NONMALEFICENCE

Practice of maximizing benefits while minimizing risk. Research
design to be sound.
Nonmaleficence- Doing no harm to indvidual

JUSTICE
Applicable to vulnerable but is more viewed as the ethical obligation to treat
each person in accordance to which is morally right and proper to give the
person what is due to him or her.
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 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW

20th century 1995, Reich

An explosive increase in human subject research Innoculation against small pox
with significant medical breakthroughs .

1789, in England Edward Jenner RAISED Ethical issues

Inoculation of swinepox against small pox, a • No consent was obtain from the subject.

lethal disease • No understanding was established as to wether the agent used were safe for human use.

• Research was perfom to minors who have no understanding of what was happening,.

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 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW

1973 ANA,2015
Formally recognized the importance of ethical standards in human research . “code of ethics for nurses” in which specific
Creation of National Commission for the Protection Human and Biomedical & vulnerable populations are identified.
Behavioral Research

ICN , 2012
ICN code of ethics for Nurses
4 principle elements (1) Nurse and people (2) Nurse and practice
(3)Nurse and the profession (4) Nurse and Co-workers

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 DEVELOPING RESEARCH QUESTIONS

ü Narrow to Ensurse that

Determine whetherthe specific focus. significant research
topic has embedded ü Clarify the results will emerge
in its useful questions methodology and add to the
body of nursing
knowledge
Note: the questions should be broad enough to obtainyet noy so broad as to yield diffuse
And possibly meaningless result

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PARTICIPANTS RECRUITEMNT &
INFORMED CONSENT
 INFORMED CONSENT

POTENTIAL
LANGUAGE SUBJECT CONSENT

Adequately Not coerced

Is simple enough to be
comprehend the Written consent is
clearly understood
project documented
Has the time to think
about the study and its
potential risk and
benefits and to discuss
with family members

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 DATA COLLECTION ANALYSIS

LOCKED
Securely DATA
is safe Stipulations
types
place

Privacy and confidentiality must Audio,video, podcast,survey or Blurring of faces

be protected other types of digital
Eyes are covered with black box
recordings and media
when showing the face.

Ethical issues ; namely, privacy, participants burdens and safety, storage location, access to recordings,
maintenance of recordings in storage,use of recording as part of presentations

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 DATA COLLECTION ANALYSIS

Honesty trustworthiness

Research is indeed conducted ethically in the area including analysis,

interpretation and dissemination of results

Ethical issues: scientific misconduct brings dishonor to both individual and institution and renders the research project
Meaningless.
Scientific Misconduct : Falsification( results are manipulated or tampered, fabrication(
totally unfounded results), plagiarism (theft of other persons idea)it doe not include
honest error or honest difference in the interpretations or judgements of data

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 ISSUES IN QUANTITATIVE AND
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Anonymity and Meet the the Obligation to Potential biases to

confidentiality is
compromised
During the interaction between
the researcher and human subject
which means that there is greater
need data security and constant
awareness(Firby ,995)
do good and to do No Harm
We should not simply assume
that because research has been
accepted by the committee it is
morally justifiable in its method
influences interpretation of
data
Quantitative researchers are
less likely to engage face to
face, self disclosure

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 EXTERNAL
PRESSURES
Conducting research is never easy but varrous
pressures making it more difficult may push
researcher toward unethical behaviors
(Lutz,1999)

Pressures includes:
Limited funding
Competition for achieving tenure faculty
Increasingemphasis on producing research reports

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 EBP( EVIDENCE-BASE
PROJECTS & ETHICAL
IMPLICATIONS
EBP –the combination of scientific evidence patient preferences
and clinicians expertise when making decision for patient care and
It leads to the development of best practices to meet the need of
client efficiently and effectively.( Carter, Mastro, Vose,Rivera & Larson
,2017)
- Is designed to reduce unthinking, ritualistic practices in nursing
- (Siedlecki,2008)

Elements( Borsay,2009; Redman,2007, Tanner,2007)

1.Experntial Knowledge ( knowing what works in practice and why)
2. Clinical judgement and skill of critical inquiry
3. Knowing the individual patient both as human being and in terms o
His or her pattern of response to what is occurring
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4. Knowledge
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of current scientific research findings. 14
 ISSUES IN EVIDENCE BASE PROJECTS
Anonymity and Bias that may influenced
confidentiality is how the data is interpreted
compromised
Must protect the human Ethical Dimensions
subject and must do no Harm
To warrant publications it is
expected to contribute to the
Body of knowledge to the
Practice of Nursing
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Pressure from individual
within the organization who
want to show positive
results
Ensure policies and procedures
must be followed and data are
accurately presented
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SUMMARY POINTS :

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 Video:

-
PRINCIPLES OF RESEARCH ETHICS
HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=E2JJZUBCMC0

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN RESEARCH -

HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=RTGN2KJKGBY

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 REFERENCE :
https://samples.jblearning.com/9781284149791/978128416816
7_CH05_Marketing_Sample.pdf
-

Principles of Research Ethics

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E2JjZuBcMC0

Ethical Considerations in Research - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RtGN2kJkgbY

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 THANK YOU

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