MAHARASHTRA S TATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

VIDYA PRATISHTHAN’S POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, INDAPUR

Report

On

MICRO PROJECT

Academic Year: 2022-23

TITLE OF MICRO PROJEC

Prepare a chart showing real
standard section showing Centre of
Gravity

Program: Mechanical Engineering. Program code: 2I

Course: Applied Mechanics Course code:
22203
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF
TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Certificate

This is to certify that Mr. /Ms. Shende Gaurav Tushar

Roll No. 32 of First Semester of Diploma in Mechanical Engineering of
Institute, Vidya Pratishthan’s Polytechnic College, Indapur (Code: 1110) has
completed this Microproject satisfactorily in course Applied Mechanics
(22203) for the A. Y. 2022 - 2023 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: Indapur Enrollment No: 2211100

Date: ……………………… Exam Seat No:

Guide Head of the Department Principal

 Group Details:

Sr. Roll Enrollment Exam

Name of group members
No No No Seat No

1 Parlekar Kartik Kisan 27 221100

2 Patil Pratmesh Sushil 28 2211100

3 Salunke Niranjan Sachin 29 2211100

4 Sarde Pranjali Rajendra 30 2211100

5 Sayyad Rihan Amin 31 2211100

6 Shende Gaurav Tushar 32 2211100

Name of Guide: Mr. Waghmare R.M

 PART A – PLAN
■ Title of Micro Project:
Prepare a chart showing real standard section showing Centre of Gravity

■ Brief Introduction:
1. The center of gravity (c.g.) of an erect person with arms at the side is at approximately 56% of the
person's height measured from the soles of the feet.

2.The center of gravity shifts as the person moves and bends. The act of balancing requires maintenance
of the center of gravity above the feet.

(i)The gases inside the Sun are concentrated due to the effect of center of gravity.

(ii) Because of the center of gravity acting downwards on our body, we do not fall while standing or
walking.

(iii) It is the force that causes a ball to come down after we throw it upwards.

�When we divide the I-section into two equal halves by drawing the central Y-axis, two parts on either
side are identical having the same mass.

�The same is not true for the X-axis. Therefore the center of gravity lies on the central Y-axis.

Aim of the Micro-Project- To learn real standard section showing Centre of Gravity
Action Plan-
Name of
Sr. Planned Planned
Details of Activity Responsible Team
No. Start Date Finish Date
Members
Selection of Microproject with the
Shende Gaurav
1 help of subject teacher & Group
Tushar
formation.
Collect data from different Sources Patil Pratmesh
2
(Books/Internet etc.) Sushil
Analysis of the collected data & to Parlekar Kartik
3
generate useful information from it. Kisan
Prepare required drawings and
Shende Gaurav
4 detailed action plan for execution of
Tushar
the work.
Present generated information
Patil Pratmesh
5 visually in the form of appropriate
Sushil
chart.
Present generated information
Parlekar Kartik
6 visually in the form of appropriate
Kisan
chart.
Shende Gaurav
7 Prepare the Micro project report
Tushar
Patil Pratmesh
8 Presentation/Oral/Final Submission
Sushil

■ Resources required:

Sr. No. Name of Resource/Material Specification Qty.

1 Scechpens 4 colour
2 Chart 1
3 Pencil 1
 PART B
Title of Micro Project: Prepare a chart showing real standard section showing Centre
Gravity

1.In a uniform gravitational field the centre of gravity is identical to the centre of mass, a
term preferred by physicists. The two do not always coincide, however.

For example, the Moon’s centre of mass is very close to its geometric centre (it is not exact
because the Moon is not a perfect uniform sphere), but its centre of gravity is slightly
displaced toward Earth because of the stronger gravitational force on the Moon’s near side.

The location of a body’s centre of gravity may coincide with the geometric centre of the
body, especially in a symmetrically shaped object composed of homogeneous material.

An asymmetrical object composed of a variety of materials with different masses, however,

is likely to have a centre of gravity located at some distance from its geometric centre. In
some cases, such as hollow bodies or irregularly shaped objects, the centre of gravity (or
centre of mass) may occur in space at a point external to the physical material—e.g., in the
centre of a tennis ball or between the legs of a chair.

centre of gravity

�Published tables and handbooks list the centres of gravity for most common geometric
shapes. For a triangular metal plate such as that depicted in the figure, the calculation
would involve a summation of the moments of the weights of all the particles that make up
the metal plate about point A.
�By equating this sum to the plate’s weight W, multiplied by the unknown distance from
the centre of gravity G to AC, the position of G relative to AC can be determined. The
summation of the moments can be obtained easily and precisely by means of integral
calculus.

The centre of gravity of any body can also be determined by a simple physical procedure.
For example, for the plate in the figure, the point G can be located by suspending the plate
by a cord attached at point A and then by a cord attached at C.

�When the plate is suspended from A, the line AD is vertical; when it is suspended from C,
the line CE is vertical. The centre of gravity is at the intersection of AD and CE. When an
object is suspended from any single point, its centre of gravity lies directly beneath that
point.p

�Gravitation and electromagnetism were recognized long before the discovery of the
strong and weak forces because their effects on ordinary objects are readily observed.

�The gravitational force, described systematically by Isaac Newton in the 17th century,
acts between all objects having mass; it causes apples to fall from trees and determines the
orbits of the planets around the Sun.

�The electromagnetic force, given scientific definition by James Clerk Maxwell in the 19th
century, is responsible for the repulsion of like and the attraction of unlike electric charges;
it also explains the chemical behaviour of matter and the properties of light.

�The strong and weak forces were discovered by physicists in the 20th century when they
finally probed into the core of the atom. The strong force acts between quarks, the
constituents of all subatomic particles, including protons and neutrons.

�The residual effects of the strong force bind the protons and neutrons of the atomic
nucleus together in spite of the intense repulsion of the positively charged protons for each
other. The weak force manifests itself in certain forms of radioactive decay and in the
nuclear reactions that fuel the Sun and other stars.

�Electrons are among the elementary subatomic particles that experience the weak force
but not the strong force.

�At a subatomic, quantum level these field theories display a significant feature. They
describe each basic force as being in a sense carried by its own subatomic particles. These
―force‖ particles are now called gauge bosons, and they differ from the ―matter‖
particles—the quarks and leptons discussed earlier—in a fundamental way.

�Bosons are characterized by integer values of their spin quantum number, whereas
quarks and leptons have half-integer values of spin.

�The most familiar gauge boson is the photon, which transmits the electromagnetic force
between electrically charged objects such as electrons and protons.

�The photon acts as a private, invisible messenger between these particles, influencing
their behaviour with the information it conveys, rather as a ball influences the actions of
children playing catch. Other gauge bosons, with varying properties, are involved with the
other basic forces.

�In developing a gauge theory for the weak force in the 1960s, physicists discovered that
the best theory, which would always yield sensible answers, must also incorporate the
electromagnetic force. The result was what is now called electroweak theory.

�It was the first workable example of a unified field theory linking forces that manifest
themselves differently in the everyday world.

�Unified theory reveals that the basic forces, though outwardly diverse, are in fact
separate facets of a single underlying force. The search for a unified theory of everything,
which incorporates all four fundamental forces, is one of the major goals of particle
physics.

�It is leading theorists to an exciting area of study that involves not only subatomic particle
physics but also cosmology and astrophysics.