www.lawcommission.gov.

np

k|x/L P]g, @)!@

nfndf]x/ / k|sfzg ldlt
@)!@.^.#!
;+zf]wg ug]{ P]gM
!= s]xL g]kfn sfg"g -;+zf]wg / k'gM Joj:yfkg_ P]g, @)@) @)@).!!.!^
@= k|x/L -klxnf] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)@( @)@(.^.%
#= k|x/L -bf];|f] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)#! @)#!.&.%
$= k|x/L -t];|f] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)#% @)#%.%.@!
%= k|x/L -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)$@ @)$@.$.@$
^= k|x/L -kfFrf} ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)$* @)$*.*.$
k|df0fLs/0f / k|sfzg ldlt
&= u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{
P]g, @)^^ @)^^.!).&
*= n}lËs ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}lËs lx+;f cGTo ug{
s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)&@ @)&@.^.!$
(= s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)&@ @)&@.!!.!#
@)!@ ;fnsf] P]g g+= *

=== === ===
g]kfn k|x/L kmf];{sf] u7g / Joj:yf ug]{ af/] / k|x/L sd{rf/Lsf] sfd / st{Jo
lgwf{l/t ug]{ af/]sf] P]g
g]kfn e/d'n'ssf] k|x/L kmf];{sf] k'gu{7g ug{ / To;nfO{ ck/fw /f]Sg] / kQf

nufpg] ;'of]Uo ;fwg agfO{ zflGt / Joj:yf sfod /fVg cfjZos b]lvPsf]n] >L %
dxf/fhflw/fhaf6 of] P]g agfO{ hf/L ul/aS;]sf]5 .


of] P]g ;+jt\ @)^% ;fn h]7 !% ut]b]lv nfu" ePsf] .

u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .

s]xL g]kfn sfg"g -;+zf]wg / k'gM Joj:yfkg_ P]g, @)@) åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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kl/R5]b–!
k|f/lDes
!= ;+lIfKt gfd, lj:tf/ / k|f/De M -!_ o; P]gsf] gfd æk|x/L P]g, @)!@Æ eGg]
/x]sf]5 .
-@_ of] P]g g]kfn e/d'n'sdf nfu" x'g]5 .
-#_ kl/R5]b !, @, # / ^ sf s'/fx¿ t'?Gt nfu" x'G5g\ / c¿ kl/R5]bsf
s'/fx¿ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sfz u/] adf]lhdsf] g]kfnsf] Onfsfdf /
tf]lsPsf ldltb]lv nfu" x'g ;Sg]5g\ .

@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; P]gdf,

-s_ æclws[tÆ eGgfn] ;xfos lg/LIfs / ;f] eGbf dflysf k|x/L
clws[t ;D´g'k5{ .

-v_ === === ===
-u_ æhjfgÆ eGgfn] clws[t afx]ssf k|x/L hjfg ;D´g'k5{ .

-3_ æc~rn pk/LIfsÆ eGgfn] k|x/L jl/i7 pk/LIfs, k|x/L pk/LIfs jf
k|x/L gfoa pk/LIfs ;D´g'k5{ / ;f] zAbn] g]kfn ;/sf/n]
;fdfGo jf ljz]if cfb]zåf/f c~rn pk/LIfssf] ;a} jf s]xL sfd
ug{ tf]s]sf] lg/LIfs ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-ª_ æk|x/LÆ eGgfn] o; P]g cGtu{t lgo'Qm ePsf jf bl/Psf JolQm
;D´g'k5{ .
-r_ æk|x/L sd{rf/LÆ eGgfn] k|x/Lsf clws[t / hjfg ;D´g'k5{ .
-5_ ædftxt bhf{Æ eGgfn] lg/LIfs eGbf d'lgsf clws[t / hjfgnfO{
;D´g'k5{ .

kl/R5]b $ / % g]kfne/ nfu" ePsf] ;"rgf @)!^ ;fn kf}if !# ut]sf] g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt .

bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

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-h_ æ/fhkqf+lst clws[tÆ eGgfn] lg/LIfs / ;f]eGbf dflysf] clws[t

;D´g'k5{ .
-´_ ætf]lsPsf]Æ jf ætf]lsPadf]lhdÆ eGgfn] o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf]
lgoddf tf]lsPsf] jf tf]lsPadf]lhd ;D´g'k5{ .

kl/R5]b–@
k|x/L kmf];{sf] u7g, /]vb]v / lgoGq0f
#= k|x/L kmf];{sf] u7gM -!_ g]kfn === === ===sf] nflu Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L k|x/L
kmf];{x¿ /xg]5g\ . k|x/L kmf];{sf] u7g / To;df /xg] k|x/L sd{rf/Lx¿sf] ;+Vof
g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;do ;dodf tf]lslbPadf]lhd x'g]5 .

-@_ k|x/L kmf];{sf] clws[t / hjfgx¿sf] tna / ;]jfsf cGo zt{ g]kfn
;/sf/n] ;do ;dodf lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .

$= g]kfn ;/sf/sf] clwsf/ M k|x/Lsf] /]vb]v / lgoGq0f ug]{ / k|x/LnfO{ lgb]{zg lbg]
clwsf/ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ x'g]5 / g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cfb]z / lgb]{zg kfng ug{'
k|To]s k|x/L sd{rf/Lsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
 
%= k|x/L dxflg/LIfs OTofbL M === === ===k|x/L k|zf;gsf] lhDd]jf/L k|x/L

dxflg/LIfs k|x/L cltl/Qm dxflg/LIfs / g]kfn ;/sf/n] pko'Qm ;D´]sf gfoa
dxflg/LIfs === === === sf] x'g]5 .

^= c~rn pk/LIfs OToflb M -!_ cfˆgf] c~rnsf] k|x/L k|zf;gsf] lhDd]jf/L c~rn
k|x/L pk/LIfssf] x'g]5 .

-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L cfjZostfg';f/
c~rn k|x/L sfof{nodf k|x/L jl/i7 pk/LIfs jf k|x/L pk/LIfs / lhNnf k|x/L


kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .

bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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sfof{nodf k|x/L pk/LIfs, k|x/L gfoa pk/LIfs jf k|x/L lg/LIfs lgo'Qm ug{
;Sg]5 .

-#_ === === ===

&= lgo'lQmsf] ;l6{lkms]6 M -!_ lg/LIfs jf To;b]lv d'lg bhf{sf x/Ps k|x/L sd{rf/L
lgo'Qm x'Fbf cg';"rLdf lbP adf]lhdsf] k|df0fkq kfpF5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;fwf/0f jf
ljz]if cfb]zåf/f lgb]{z u/]sf sd{rf/Ln] ;f] k|df0fkqdf ;xL5fk ul/lbg'k5{ .
-@_ lgo'lQmsf] k|df0fkqdf pNn]v ul/Psf JolQm k|x/L sd{rf/Lsf] gf]s/Laf6
axfn 6'6] kl5 ;f] k|df0fkq ab/ jfltn x'g]5 / ;f] k|df0fkq a'‰g clVtof/ kfPsf
sd{rf/LnfO{ a'´fpg' k5{ .
-#_ cfˆg' kbaf6 s'g} k|x/L sd{rf/L ;:k]08 /x];Dd To; k|x/L sd{rf/Ln]
ug{'kg]{ sfd / kfpg] ljz]if ;'ljwf sfod g/xL pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lbPsf]
k|df0fkq ;:k]G;gsf] 6fod;Dd asfodL g} /xG5, t/ To;/L ;:k]08 ePtfklg
;:k]08 geP ;/x ;f] JolQm pk/ ;fljs clwsf/Lx¿sf] lgoGq0f sfod /xG5 /
lgh ;flas adf]lhdsf] cg'zf;gdf /xg'k5{ / ;fljsadf]lhd ;hfosf] efuL
x'g]5 .

*= k|x/L pk/ lgoGq0f M lhNnf:t/Lo k|x/L sd{rf/Lx¿ zflGt ;'/Iff / ;f] ;DaGwL
k|zf;gsf ;DaGwdf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lsf] lgoGq0f / lgb]{zgdf /xg]5g\ / ;f]
;DaGwdf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] lbPsf] cfb]z tyf lgb]{zgsf] kfngf ug{' k|x/L
sd{rf/Lx¿sf] st{Jo x'g]5 . sfg'gadf]lhd k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] ug{' kg]{ cGo
sfddf lghnfO{ ;xof]u ug{' lhNnf k|x/L sd{rf/Lx¿sf] st{Jo x'g]5 .


kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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kl/R5]b – #
k|x/L kmf];{sf] lgoGq0f / cg'zf;g

(= k|x/L sd{rf/Lsf] lgo'lQm, a9'jf, avf{;L / cGo ljefuLo ;hfo M -!_
/fhkqf+lst k|x/L clws[tsf] lgo'lQm / a9'jf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 / cGo dftxt

bhf{sf k|x/L sd{rf/Lx¿sf] lgo'lQm / a9'jf k|x/L dxflg/LIfs, k|x/L cltl/Qm
dxflg/LIfs, k|x/L gfoa dxflg/LIfs jf c~rn pk/LIfsaf6 tf]lsPadf]lhd
x'g]5 .
-@_ k|x/L sd{rf/L g]kfn ;/sf/sf] OR5f cg';f/sf] cjlw;Dd cfˆgf] kbdf
jxfn /xg]5g\ .
-#_ /fhkqf+lst k|x/L clws[tnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] / cGo dftxt bhf{sf

clws[t / hjfgnfO{ tf]lsPadf]lhd k|x/L dxflg/LIfs, k|x/L cltl/Qm
dxflg/LIfs, k|x/L gfoa dxflg/LIfs jf c~rn pk/LIfsn] avf{:t ug{, ;]jfaf6
x6fpg, bhf{ jf tna 36fpg jf c¿ ;hfo ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ dftxt bhf{sf k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] st{Jo kfng ubf{ c;fjwfgL jf
nfk/jfxL u/]df jf s'g} st{Jo kfng ug{af6 aRgsf] nflu cfkm"n] s]xL u/L ;f]
st{Jo kfng ug{ cof]Uo ePdf jf cg'zf;g e+u u/]df jf cGoyf cg'lrt cfrf/0f
u/]df lghnfO{ tf]lsPsf] clws[tn] avf{:t ug{, ;]jfaf6 x6fpg, bhf{ jf tna
36fpg jf cfjZos ;D´] tf]lsPadf]lhd b]xfosf] ;hfo ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ Ps dlxgfsf] tna;Dd hl/afgf ug]{ .
-v_ ;hfosf] sjfh, yk uf8{ jf ˆofl6u -zf/Ll/s ysfO{ x'g]_
jf c¿ 8\o"6L u/fO{ jf gu/fO{ !% lbg;Dd Sjf6{/df
gh/aGb /fVg] .
t/ of] v08df n]lvPsf] ;hfo s'g} clws[tnfO{ lbg
;lsg] 5}g .

bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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-u_ dxTjk"0f{ lhDd]jf/Lsf] kbaf6 x6fpg] jf ljz]if tna eQf

kfPsf] l´Sg] .

!)= dgdfgL avf{;L OTofbLaf6 arfp M -!_ s'g} k|x/L sd{rf/LnfO{ avf{:t ubf{,
;]jfaf6 x6fpFbf, bhf{ jf tna 36fpFbf b]xfosf] cj:yfdf afx]s lghnfO{ ;f] ug{'
gkg]{ sf/0f b]vfpg d'gfl;j cjlw tf]sL ;kmfOsf] df}sf lbg' k5{ M–
-s_ g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}Hbf/L cleof]udf s;"/bf/ 7x/L
cbfntaf6 s}bsf] ;hfo kfPsf]df,
-v_ o; P]g cGtu{tsf] ck/fw 7x/L s}bsf] ;hfo kfPsf]df, jf
-u_ ;f] ;kmfOsf] df}sf lbg dgfl;a gkg]{ cj:yf b]vfO{ Joxf]/f
vf]nL ;hfo lbg] clwsf/Ln] krf{ v8f u/L /fv]sf]df .
-@_ s'g} k|x/L sd{rf/LnfO{ lgo'lQm ug{ ;Sg] clwsf/Ln] dfq a/vf:t ug{,
;]jfaf6 x6fpg jf bhf{ jf tna 36fpg ;Sg]5 .

!)s=d'2f rnfpg afwf gkg]{ M bkmf ( adf]lhd ljefuLo sf/afxL jf ;hfo ePs}
sf/0fn] of] P]g jf k|rlnt cGo g]kfn sfg'g cGtu{t d'2f rNgdf s'g} afwf ePsf]
dflgg]5}g .

!!= ljefuLo sf/afxL / ;hfosf] sfo{ljlw / k'g/fj]bg M -!_ bkmf ( adf]lhd
ljefuLo ;hfo ug]{ clwsf/Ln] s'g} k|x/L sd{rf/LnfO{ avf{:t ug]{, ;]jfaf6 x6fpg],
bhf{ jf tna 36fpg] cfb]z lb+bf ;f] ugf{sf] cfwf/ ;lxtsf] cleof]u, ;f] af/]
hfFra'´ u/]sf] Joxf]/f, lghnfO{ ;kmfOsf] df}sf lbOPsf]df lghsf] ;kmfOsf] lhsL/
/ ;f] lhsL/adf]lhd yk s]xL a'l´Psf] eP ;f] ;d]t af/] cfˆgf] 7x/ n]vL /
;kmfOsf] df}sf glbPsf]df ;f] lbg dgfl;a gk/]sf] cj:yf b]vfO{ Joxf]/f v'nfOPsf]
krf{ ;d]t v8f u/L ;xL u/L ldl;n ;fd]n /fVg' k5{ .
-@_ bkmf ( cGtu{t lbOPsf] ljefuLo ;hfosf] h'g;'s} cfb]z pk/ tf]lsP
adf]lhdsf] clwsf/L ;dIf k'g/fj]bg nfUg]5 .


bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

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t/ bkmf ( sf] pkbkmf -$_ sf] v08 -v_ cGtu{t ePsf] ;hfo pk/
k'g/fj]bg nfUg] 5}g .

!!s=ljefuLo sf/afxL / ;hfo ug]{ clwsf/ M of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf]
lgodadf]lhd ljefuLo sf/afxL / ;hfo ug]{ clwsf/ lgoddf tf]lsPsf] cj:yfdf
;f]xL adf]lhd / To;/L gtf]lsPsf]df g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf
k|sflzt u/L u7g u/]sf] ;ldltnfO{ x'g]5 .

kl/R5]b–$
k|x/L sd{rf/Lsf] st{Jo / clwsf/
!@= k|x/L sd{rf/Lx¿ x/xd]zf 8\o"6Ldf /xg' kg]{ M o; P]gsf] tfTko{sf nflu x/Ps
k|x/L sd{rf/L x/xd]zf 8\o"6Ldf /x]sf] dflgg]5 / d'n'ssf] s'g} efudf h'g;'s}
avt klg k|x/L sd{rf/L sfddf vl6g ;Sb5 .
!#= k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] k|of]u ug{ kfpg] clVtof/ M k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] of] P]g jf c¿ s'g}
k|rlnt P]gaf6 kfPsf] clVtof/eGbf a9L clwsf/ jf clVtof/ k|of]u ug{ kfpFb}g .
!$= l;lgo/ sd{rf/Lsf] clwsf/ M k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf
lgodadf]lhd kfPsf] clVtof/ lgheGbf dflysf bhf{sf k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] k|of]u ug{
kfpF5 .

!%= k|x/L sd{rf/L st{Jo M -!_ k|To]s k|x/L sd{rf/Lsf] b]xfoadf]lhd st{Jo x'g]5 M–
-s_ clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] sfg'gadf]lhd lbPsf] cfb]z / hf/L
u/]sf] jf/]06 tbf?vtf;fy kfng tyf tfd]n ug{' .
-v_ zflGt / Joj:yfnfO{ c;/ kfg]{ vfnsf] va/ ;+sng ug{' /
dflyNnf] clwsf/LnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' .

-u_ ck/fwsf] /f]syfd ug{' / hgtfnfO{ cgfjZos ´G´6df
kg{af6 arfp ug{' .

kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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-3_ ck/fwLx¿ kQf nufpg' / ck/fwLnfO{ sfg'gadf]lhd ;hfo

u/fpg' .
-ª_ sfg'gadf]lhd kqmg kg]{ JolQmnfO{ / kqmg' kg]{ kof{Kt sf/0f
ePsf JolQmx¿nfO{ kqmg' .
-r_ k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd ug{' kg]{ st{Jo kfng ug]{ .
-5_ c;dy{ / c;xfo eO{ af6f] 3f6f]]df kl//x]sf JolQmx¿nfO{
cfkm"af6 x'g ;Sg] x/ lsl;dsf] d2t lbg] / hf]lvd
lsl;dsf / cfˆg' x]/rfx ug{ g;Sg] lsl;dsf cDdn
vfPsf JolQm jf af}nfxfx¿sf] lhDdf lng] .
-h_ kqmfp ePsf jf y'gfdf /x]sf JolQm 3fon / la/fdL ePdf
cfjZos d2tnfO{ rflxg] sf/afxL t'?Gt ug{ / To:tfnfO{
kx/f lbFbf jf cGt nfFbf lghsf] Joj:yfsf] plrt Vofn
/fVg] .
-´_ kqmfp ePsf jf y'gfdf /x]sf JolQmnfO{ rflxg] l;wf /
af;sf] OGthfd ug]{ .
-`_ vfgtnf;L ubf{ c;Eo Jojxf/ gug]{ / grflxg] x}/fgL
glbg] .
-6_ ;j{;fwf/0f hgtf;Fu lzi6 Jojxf/ ug]{ / :jf:gLdflg; /
s]6fs]6Lx¿;Fu Jojxf/ ubf{ k"/f OHht / dgfl;a
gd|tf;fy Jojxf/ ug]{ .
-7_ cfuf]af6 xfgL gf]S;fgLsf] arfp ug{ ;se/ sf]lzz ug]{ .
-8_ hgtfnfO{ b'3{6gf jf vt/faf6 arfpg ;se/ sf]l zz ug]{ .
-@_ dfly v08 -s_ b]lv -ª_ df n]lvPsf] s'g} p2]Zosf] k|flKtsf] nflu nfu"
cf}iflw jf dlb/f laqmL ug]{ / ;]jg u/fpg] e§L, k;n, xf]6n, nh, /]i6'/fF, h'jf
v]ln/x]sf] 7fpF, ;fwf/0ftM rl/qxLg / abdfzx¿ e]nf x'g] s'g} 7fpFdf lagf jf/]06

8
 www.lawcommission.gov.np

k|j]z ug{ / lg/LIf0f ug{ sDtLdf ;xfos lg/LIfs ;Dd bhf{sf] k|x/L clws[tnfO{
clwsf/ x'g]5 .

-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lagf jf/]06 k|j]z jf lg/LIf0f u/]df To:tf] k|x/L
clws[tn] ;f] s'/fsf] sf/0f ;lxtsf] lnlvt hfgsf/L oyfzSo rfF8f] k|d'v lhNnf
clwsf/LnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .

!^= jf/]06 OToflb hf/L ug]{ k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lsf] clwsf/ M h'g;'s} k|x/L
clws[tn] cfˆgf] st{Josf] l;nl;nfdf kfPsf] va/ k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ;dIf
k]z u/L s'g} ck/fw u/]sf] jf ;f] u/]sf] egL z+sf ePsf] jf ck/fw ug{ nfu]sf]
JolQmsf] gfddf sfg'gåf/f hf/L x'g ;Sg] jf/]06, vfgtnf;Lsf] jf/]06, ;dfÅfg jf
c¿ Dofb ;"rgf hf/L ug{ k|ltj]bg lbg] ;Sg]5 / k|rlnt sfg'gn] To:tf] jf/]06,
;dfÅfg jf Dofb ;"rgf hf/L ug{ s'g} c8\8f jf clwsf/Lsf] :ki6 Joj:yf
gePsf]df k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
To:tf] jf/]06, vfgtnf;Lsf] jf/]06, ;dfXjfg jf c¿ Dofb ;"rgf s'g}
c8\8f jf cbfntn] hf/L ug]{ sfg'gL Joj:yf ePsf]df k|x/L clws[tn] ;f] k|ltj]bg
;f]´} To:tf] c8\8f jf cbfntdf lbg]5 .
!&= k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] lagf j/]06 lu/ˆtf/ ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ M k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] lagf
jf/]06 h'g;'s} ;fj{hlgs 7fpFdf b]xfosf JolQmnfO{ lu/ˆtf/ ug{ x'G5 M–
-s_ sfg"n] # jif{ jf To;eGbf a9L s}bsf] ;hfo x'g] ck/fw u/]sf] jf
ug{ cfF6]sf] 5 eGg] yfxf ePsf] JolQm,
-v_ km/f/ 3f]lift ul/Psf] kqmg' kg]{ ck/fwL,
-u_ sˆo"{ nfu]sf] 6foddf z+sf kg]{ u/L lx88'n u/L /x]sf JolQm,
-3_ dgfl;a sf/0f ge} /ftdf xft xltof/ v/vhfgf jf /ftdf 3/
kmf]g]{ cf}hf/ ;fydf ePsf] JolQm,
-ª_ sfg'g cg';f/ y'lgPsf 7fpFaf6 efu]sf] jf efUg pBf]u ug]{ JolQm,

kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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-r_ g]kfn ;]gf jf k|x/L kmf];{ 5f8L efu]sf] eGg] dgfl;a z+sf k/]sf
JolQm,
-5_ o; P]gsf] kl/R5]b -^_ df n]lvPadf]lhd x'g] c/fw u/]sf] 5 eGg]
dgfl;a z+sf ePsf] JolQm .
-@_ dfly pkbkmf -!_ df n]lvPadf]lhd kqmfp ePsf JolQmnfO{ af6fsf]
dgfl;a dflkmssf] Dofb afx]s @$ 306fleq ;se/ rfF8} cbfntdf k]z ug{'k5{ .
-#_ s'g} rn, crn ;fj{hlgs ;DklQdf cfˆgf ;fd'Gg] gf]S;fgL x'g nfu]sf]
b]v]df k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] cfkm}+ cl3;/L ;f] gf]S;fgL /f]Sg ;S5 .
!*= ;fj{hlgs af6f] OToflbdf ;jf/L jf ofqLx¿sf] Joj:yf M k|x/L sd{rf/Lsf]
b]xfo adf]lhdsf] st{Jo x'G5 M–
-s_ ;fj{hlgs af6f]df oftfoftsf] Joj:yf / lgoGq0f ug]{ / ToxfF
oftfoftsf] /f]sfj6 x'g glbg] / ;fj{hlgs af6f] jf To;sf] jl/kl/
hgtfn] kfng ugf{sf] lgldQ of] P]g jf k|rlnt sfg'g cGtu{t

ag]sf lgod / cfb]z === === === ldRg glbg] .
-v_ ;fj{hlgs af6f]df / ;a}n] g'xfpg], n'uf w'g] 7fpF, 3f6, xjfO{ c8\8f,
/]nsf] :6]zg, d]nf nfUg] 7fpF, b]jfno / c¿ ;fj{hlgs :yfgdf tyf
;a}n] k"hf ug]{ 7fpF jf To;sf] jl/kl/ k"hf ug{ nfu]sf] a]nfdf zflGt
sfod /fVg] .
-u_ ;a}n] g'xfpg], n'uf w'g] 7fpF, 3f6 / xjfO{ c8\8f, /]Nj] :6]zgdf
Joj:yf /fVg] / To:tf 7fpFdf / ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ tf/g] 8' Ëfdf 3'Orf]

x'g glbg tyf To:tf] :yfg jf 8'Ëfdf ;j{;fwf/0fn] kfng ugf{sf]
lgldQ of] P]g / k|rlnt cGo P]g cGtu{t ag]sf lgod / cfb]z

=== === === ldRg glbg] .


kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

10
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
!(= ;fj{hlgs ;ef / h'n';sf] Joj:yf M -!_ ;fj{hlgs af6f], ;8s jf cfjt
hfjt x'g] :yfgdf ;ef ug]{ jf h'n'; lgsfNg] ;DaGwdf hg ;fwf/0fnfO{ c;'ljwf
kg]{ jf zflGt eË x'g] l:ylt pTkGg gxf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L jf
lghaf6 To; sfdsf lglDt clVtof/ kfPsf k|x/L clws[tn] ;ef jf h'n';sf
lglDt 7fpF, af6f] / ;do tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ ljk/Lt s'g} sfo{ eP u/]df k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L jf
lghaf6 To; sfdsf lglDt clVtof/ kfPsf k|x/L clws[tn] To:tf] ;ef jf h'n';
/f]Sg jf eË ug{ ;Sg]5 .
@)= a]jfl/;L ;DklQsf] k|x/Ln] lhDdf lng] M a]jfl/;L ;DklQsf] lhDdf lng] / To;sf]
tfobftL v8f u/L k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L sxfF k]z ug]{ k|To]s k|x/L sd{rf/Lsf]
st{Jo x'G5 .
@!= k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] ;DklQ /f]Ssf ug]{ / OlZtxf/ hf/L ug]{ M -!_ k|d'v
lhNnf clwsf/Ln] To:tf] ;DklQ /f]Ssf u/L ;f] /f]Ssf ePsf] wgdfnsf] kmfF6jf/L
vf]nL ^ dlxgfleq cfˆgf] xs bfaLsf] ;a"t ;d]t lnO{ bfaL ug{ cfpg' egL
OlZtxf/ hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ To:tf] ;DklQsf] xs k'Ug] dflg; kQf gnfu]sf] jf pkl:yt g/x]sf] /
To:tf] ;DklQ gf]S;fg x'g] jf :jefljs ¿kdf ;8L unL hfg] ePdf jf lnnfd

laqmL u/]df wgLnfO{ kmfObf xf]nf eGg] === === === k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lsf]

ljrf/df nfu]df jf To; ;DklQsf] df]n ?= !).– eGbf 3l6 ePdf === === ===
k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] h'g;'s} avt klg lnnfd laqmL ug{ / lnnfd laqmLaf6
cfPsf] ?k}ofF === === === w/f}6L /fVg] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .

@@= bfaf ug]{ dflg; sf]xL xflh/ gePdf ;DklQ g]kfn ;/sf/ nfUg] M -!_
tf]lsPsf] ^ dlxg] Dofbleq To:tf] ;DklQ bfaf ug]{ JolQm sf]xL xflh/ gePdf bkmf
@! sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lnnfd laqmL ePsf] /x]g5 eg] ;f] ;DklQ k|d'v
lhNnf clwsf/Lsf] cfb]z adf]lhd lnnfd laqmL x'G5 .

kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

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-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;DklQ lnnfd laqmL e} cfPsf] ?k}ofF / s;}sf]
xs sfod ge} bkmf @! sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lnnfd laqmL e} cfPsf] ?k}ofF ^
dlxgf afb g]kfn ;/sf/ nfU5 .

@@s=a]jfl/;L nfzsf ;DaGwdfM a]jfl/;L nfz km]nf k/]df k|x/Ln] sAhfdf lnO{
nfzsf] ;gfvt / sfnultn] d/]sf]df d'r'Nsf u/fO{ xsjfnf km]nf k/] ;tut ug{
a'´fO{ lbg' k5{ . xsjfnf km]nf gk/] jf a'´L glnP To:tf] nfz lrlsT;fzf:q
cWoog ;+:yfg :yfkgf ePsf] 7fpFdf cWoogsf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ To:tf]
;+:yfgnfO{ cfjZos ePdf k|x/Ln] ;f] ;+:yfgnfO{ a'´fO{ lbg'k5{ . To:tf] ;+:yfg

gePsf] 7fpFdf jf To:tf] ;+:yfgnfO{ cfjZos gkg]{ ePdf k|x /Ln] :yfgLo

ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsf jf ;fdflhs ;+:yf dfkmt{ bfx ;+:sf/ u/fpg' k5{ .
t/, b'3{6gfdf k/L, cfTdxTof u/L jf z+sf:kb l:yltdf d/]sf]df eg]
k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd nfz hfFr zj k/LIf0f ;d]t ug{' kg]{ txlssftsf] sfd
sf/afO{ k"/ u/]kl5 dfq To:tf] nfz cWoog ;+:yfgnfO{ a'´fOlbg' jf bfx ;+:sf/
u/fpg ;lsg]5 .
@#= k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] 8fo/L /fVg'kg]{ sfd M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s] adf]lhd
9fFrfsf] 8fo/L /fvL To;df ;a} ph"/L / cf/f]k lu/ˆtf/ ePsf] ;a} dflg;sf] gfpF,
ph"/ ug]{sf] gfpF, lu/ˆtf/ ePsf] JolQm pk/ cf/f]k nufOPsf] ck/fw, lghx¿af6
jf c¿ lsl;dn] a/fdb ePsf] xltof/ jf wgdfn / a'l´Psf ;fIfLx¿sf] gfpF
;d]tsf] Joxf]/f vf]nL r9fO{ /fVg] x/ Ps 7fgfsf] clVtof/jfnf sd{rf/Lsf] st{Jo
x'g]5 .
-@_ k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] ;f] 8fo/L l´sfO{ hfFRg ;Sg]5 .

@$= === === ===


@%= === === ===

@^= === === ===


t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)&@ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .

kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .

12
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kl/R5]b – %
;fj{hlgs zflGt / ;'/Iff sfod ug{nfO{ ljz]if k|aGw
@&= s'g} JolQmsf] b/vf:t k/]df yk k|x/L v6fpg] M -!_ s'g} JolQmsf] b/vf:t k/]df
c~rn pk/LIfsn] zflGt jf Joj:yf sfod /fVg jf s'g} vf; lsl;dsf] ck/fw
af/] o; P]g jf c¿ P]gsf s'/fx¿ nfu" ug{ jf s'g} 7fpF jf Onfsfdf k|x/Lsf] c¿
st{Jo kfng ugf{sf] lgldQ yk k|x/L hjfg v6fpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ b/vf:t lbg] JolQmn] To:tf] yk k|x/Lsf] vr{ Joxf]g{ k5{ . t/ To:tf]
yk k|x/L c~rn pk/LIfssf] cfb]zdf /xL lghn] plrt 7x/fPsf ;do ;DdnfO{
vl6G5 .
-#_ To:tf] yk k|x/Lsf] b/vf:t lbg] JolQmn] ;f] k|x/Lsf] hjfg l´sL kfpF
egL c~rn pk/LIfsnfO{ h'g;'s} avt lnlvt lgj]bg lbPdf c~rn pk/LIfsn]
To:tf] lgj]bg kfPsf] ldltn] Ps dxLgfdf ga9fO{ d's// u/]sf] ;do Joltt
ePkl5 b/vf:tjfnfn] To;sf] vr{ Joxf]g{ kb}{g .

@*= /]Nj] jf c¿ k|lt:yfkgsf] l5d]sdf yk k|x/L v6fpg ]M -!_ xjfO{ c8\8f, /]Nj],
gx/ jf c¿ s'g} nf]ssfo{ jf sf/vfgf, Jofkfl/s k|lt:yfkg, dgf]/Ghg ;'ljwf /
oftfoftsf] lgdf{0f eO/x]sf] jf rn]sf] cj:yfdf ;f] sfo{ sf/vfgf jf k|lt:yfkgdf
lgo'Qm, jf ToxfF cfjt hfjt ug]{ JolQmx¿sf] Jojxf/ jf Jojxf/sf] cfz+sfn] s'g}
;do To:tf] 7fpFdf yk k|x/Lsf] cfjZostf ;D´]df g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfjZos
eP;Ddsf nflu cfjZos ;D´] hlt ;+Vofdf yk k|x/L v6fpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd yk k|x/L v6fOPsf]df ;f] v6fpFbf nfu]sf] vr{
g]kfn ;/sf/n] h'g sfo{, sf/vfgf jf k|lt:yfkgsf nflu v6fpg' k/]sf] xf],
To;af6 e/fpg] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 / ;f] sfo{, sf/vfgf jf k|lt:yfkgsf] sf]ifaf6
;f] vr{ Joxf]g{' k5{ .


bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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-#_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] o; bkmf cGtu{t cfkm"n] k|fKt clwsf/ g]kfn /fhkqdf

;"rgf k|sflzt u/L k|x/L dxflg/LIfs, k|x/L cltl/Qm dxflg/LIfs, k|x/L gfoa
dxflg/LIfs, k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L jf c~rn pkl/IfsnfO{ ;'Dkg ;Sg]5 .
@(= ;fj{hlgs zflGtnfO{ ljz]if vt/f kg]{ cj:yfdf yk k|x/L v6fpg]M -!_ s'g}
Onfsfdf czfGt jf vt/fgfs cj:yf ePdf ToxfFsf afl;Gbf jf afl;Gbfsf] s'g}

vf; ju{sf] cfr/0faf6 yk k|x/L v6fpg cfjZos 5 eGg] nfu]df g]kfn
;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L b]xfosf] s'/f tf]Sg ;Sg]5 M–

-s_ yk k|x/L /fVg'kg]{ :yfg . === === === /

-v_ yk k|x/L /fVg'kg]{ cjlw .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/n] u/]sf] lg0f{o clGtd x'G5 .
-#_ o; bkmfsf] pkbkmf -%_ sf] cwLgdf /xL To:tf yk k|x/Lsf] vr{
;"rgfdf vf; u/L lsl6Psf] Onfsfsf] afl;Gbfx¿n] Joxf]g{' k5{ .
-$_ pkbkmf -%_ cGtu{t ltg{ gkg]{ 7xl/Psf afx]s c¿ afl;Gbfx¿df

ss:n] s] slt ltg{' Joxf]g{' k5{, ;f] s'/fsf] === === === k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln]
dgfl;j 7x/fP adf]lhd hfFra'´ u/L afF8kmf8 ul/lbg' k5{ . k|d'v lhNnf
clwsf/Ln] afl;Gbfx¿sf] x}l;otsf] larf/ u/L To:tf] afF8kmf8 ug]{5 .
-%_ To:tf] afl;Gbfsf] s'g} ju{ jf c+znfO{ nfu]]sf] o:tf] vr{af6 ;"rgf
k|sfz u/L g]kfn ;/sf/n] 5'6sf/f lbg ;Sb5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M– o; bkmfsf] nflu æafl;GbfÆ zAbn] To; 7fpFdf a;f]af; gu/] klg
To:tf Onfsf leqsf] hUuf jf crn ;DklQ cfkm" jf sf/jf/L, jfl/; jf gf]s/åf/f
bvn jf ef]urng ug]{ JolQmx¿ / cfkm}n] jf jfl/;, sf/jf/L jf gf]s/fgaf6 ;f]´}
jf /}ot dfkm{t lt/L c;"n ug]{ jf hUuf ef]u rng ug]{ hUuf wgLnfO{ ;d]t
hgfpF5 .


rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

14
 www.lawcommission.gov.np


#)= afl;Gbfx¿sf] cg'lrt cfr/0fn] ubf{ kg{ cfPsf] gf]S;fgLsf] xhf{gf kL8t
JolQmx¿nfO{ lbg] M -!_ bkmf @( d'tflas ;"rgf hf/L e}/x]sf] Onfsfsf
 
afl;Gbfx¿ jf pgLx¿sf] zfvf jf ju{sf] cg'lrt cfr/0faf6 jf To;sf]

hl/ofaf6 d[To' ePsf] jf uDeL/ rf]6 k'u]sf] jf wgdfnsf] xfgL gf]S;fgL ePsf]

/x]5 eg] ;f] cg'lrt cfr/0faf6 xfgL gf]S;fgL eof] egL bfaL ug]{ To:tf]
Onfsfdf a:g] JolQmn] ;f] xfgL gf]SzfgL ePsf Ps dlxgfleq jf ;f] eGbf 36L
;do tf]lsPdf ;f] Dofbleq To:tf] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/LsxfF xhf{gfsf] b/vf:t
lbg ;Qm5 .
-@_ bkmf @( adf]lhdsf] Onfsfdf yk k|x/Lsf hjfg vl6Psf jf gvl6Psf
ePtfklg g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jLs[lt lnO{ k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] rflx+bf] hfFra'´
u/L To:tf] If]qdf b]xfodf n]lvPadf]lhd ug{ ;Qm5 M–
 
-s_ To:tf] cg'lrt cfr/0f of To;sf hl/ofaf6 kLl8t
ePsf dflg;x¿sf] gfd k|sfz ug]{ .

-v_ To:tf] JolQmx¿nfO{ lbg] xhf{gfsf] c+s / ;f] af8\g] t/Lsf

ls6fg / lgwf{l/t ug]{ .

-u_ o; kl5sf] pkbkmf -#_ cGtu{t xhf{gf Joxf]g{ gkg]{ ePsf


/ b/vf:tjfnf afx]s To:tf] Onfsfsf] afl;Gbfx¿dWo]sf]
s;n] xhf{gfsf] slt c+s ltg{ kg]{ xf] lsgf/f ul/lbg] .
t/ To:tf] Onfsfleq ePsf] x'nbËf jf u}/ sfg'gL
;efaf6 dfly n]lvP adf]lhd xfgL ePsf] eGg] / h'g

36gfaf6 To:tf] xfgL ePsf] 5, ;f] 36gfaf/] ;f] kLl8t
dflg;sf] s'g} bf]if 5}g eGg] 7x/ ge} k|d'v lhNnf
clwsf/Ln] of] pkbkmf adf]lhd k|sfz / c+s ls6fg ug{
x'Fb}g .


bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

15
 www.lawcommission.gov.np


-#_ cfb]z hf/L u/L To:tf afl;GbfdWo] s'g} JolQm jf zfvf jf ju{nfO{
To:tf xhf{gfsf] s]xL efu ltg{ gkg]{ ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] nflu sfg'gL x'G5 .

-$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] u/]sf] k|sfzg / ls6fg
u/]sf] xhf{gfsf] c+s jf lbPsf] cfb]z g]kfn ;/sf/ jf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 lgo'Qm
u/]sf] clwsf/Låf/f bf]xf]l/g ;S5, cGoyf ;f] clGtd x'G5 .
-%_ o; bkmfadf]lhd xhf{gf e/fO;s]sf] xfgL af/] b]jfgL sf/afO{ rNg
;Sb}g .

:ki6Ls/0f M– o; bkmfdf æafl;GbfÆ zAbsf] cy{ dflysf] bkmfadf]lhd x'G5 .


#!= === === ===

#@= dfly pNn]v u/] adf]lhd ltg{' kg]{ ?k}ofF c;"n ug]{ M -!_ hl/afgf c;"n ug]{
af/]sf] k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd o; kl/R5]bdf pNn]v ul/Psf] ltg{'kg]{ ?k}ofF k|d'v
lhNnf clwsf/Ln] c;"n u5{ .

-@_ bkmf #) adf]lhd lt/]sf] jf c;"n ePsf] ;a} ?k}ofF k|d'v lhNnf
clwsf/Ln] ;f] bkmf adf]lhd kfpg] dflg;nfO{ lbg'k5{ .

kl/R5]b – ^
ck/fw / ;hfo

##= === === ===
 
##s=s8f ck/fwx¿ M k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] b]xfosf] s'g} s;"/ u/]df lghnfO{ === === ===
cfhGd s}b jf rf}w jif{;Dd s}b jf tLg jif{sf] tna a/fa/;Dd hl/afgf jf b'j}
;hfo x'g]5 M–


bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .

t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .

t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

16
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-s_ k|x/L ;]jfdf z;:q lab|f]x u/]df jf u/fPdf jf lab|f]xdf ;/Ls

ePdf jf ;f] ug{ u/fpg pQ]hgf km}nfPdf jf To:tf] ug{ if8oGq jf
pBf]u u/]df,
-v_ lab|f]x x'g] 7fpFdf cfkm" ePsf]df ;se/ /f]Sg] sf]lz; gu/]df jf

o:tf] a]nfdf b]zelQm, === === === jf st{Jo/t s'g} klg JolQmnfO{
cfˆgf] st{Joaf6 larlnt u/fPdf jf To:tf] pBf]u u/]df,
-u_ lab|f]x ug]{ dg;fo u/]sf] jf if8oGq jf pBf]u eO/x]sf] yfxf kfO{
jf To:tf] eO/x]sf] ljZjf; ug{'kg]{ sf/0f x'Fbf x'Fb} klg lgr df/L
pRr kbflwsf/Lx¿nfO{ oyfzSo tTsfn} va/ jf ;"rgf glbPdf,

-3_ === === ===
-ª_ yfgf, rf}sL, uf/b, kfnf] kx/f cflb / cfkm";fy jf cfˆgf] lhDdf
/x]sf] xftxltof/, v/vhfgf cGo ;/sf/L wgdfn / sfuhftx¿
cfqmd0fsf/Lx¿nfO{ ;'DkL d2t u/]df,
-r_ cfqmd0f jf d'7e]8sf] ;dodf jf ;f] x'g] ;Defjgfdf k|x/L kmf];{ jf
hgtfdf hfgL hfgL ´"7f] cft+s km}nfPdf jf x/]; v'jfpg] jf
cft+s kfg]{ lgotn] ´'7f] vt/fsf] va/ km}nfPdf .

##v= cGo s8f ck/fwx¿ M k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] b]xfosf] s'g} ck/fw u/]df bz jif{;Dd
s}b jf b'O{ jif{sf] tna a/fa/ ;Dd hl/jfgf jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 M–

-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/, g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sfd sf/afO{ / g]kfnsf]
;fj{ef}d;Qf, ef}uf]lns cv08tf / /fli6«otf / :JfwLgtfdf jf
;+3Lo OsfO jf ljleGg hft, hflt, wd{, ;Dk|bfoaLrsf] ;' –
;DaGwdf vnn kg{ ;Sg] u/L 3[0ff, å]if jf cjx]ngf x'g] u/L n]v]/


u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .

kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)&@ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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jf arg jf cfsf/ / lrGxåf/f jf c¿ s'g} lsl;daf6 s'g} sfd

s'/f u/]df u/fPdf jf ;f] pBf]u u/]df,
-v_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] s'g} ldq/fi6« leq n'6df/ u/]df jf ug{ tof/L
u/]df, To:tf] JolQmnfO{ d2t jf ;"rgf lbPdf jf ;f] dg;fon]
To:tf] JolQm;Fu ;Dks{ /fv]df,
-u_ cfkm" vl6P/ jf cfˆgf] lhDdfdf /x]sf] jf cfkm"n] /Iff ug{'kg]{ yfgf,
rf}sL, uf/b, kfnf] kx/f, lks]6, 6f]nL jf Kof6«f]n jf k|lti7fkg jf
sfof{nodfly cfqmd0fsf/L 8fFs', t:s/, abdf; / x'nbËf ug]{x¿n]
cfqmd0f u/]sf avt ltgLx¿;Fu d'7e]7 x'Fbf jf To:tf] d'7e]8 x'g]
cfz+sfdf gfdlb{;Fu efu]df,
-3_ cfˆgf] lhDdfdf /x]sf] ;/sf/L jf c¿ s;}sf] xftxltof/ v/vhfgf
a]rlavg u/]df,
-ª_ n'6sf] vf]lhdf lx8\g cfˆgf] yfgf, rf}sL, uf/b, kfnf] kx/f, lks]6,
6f]nL, Kof6«f]n, k|lti7fkg jf sfof{no 5f8]df,
-r_ 8\o6" Ldf /x]sf] jf g/x]sf] ePtfklg dflyNnf] bhf{sf] sd{rf/L egL
yfxf kfPkl5 jf ljZjf; ug]{ sf/0f 5Fbf5Fb} ck/flws an k|of]u
u/]df jf ug]{ pBf]u u/]df jf wDsL lbPdf,
-5_ cfkm" dflysf] s'g} clws[tn] cfb]z lbPdf jf axfn 6'6]kl5
lgo'lQmsf] k|df0fkq / axfn 5Fbf cfˆgf] lhDdf ePsf] ;/sf/L jf
c¿ s;}sf] xftxltof/, v/vhfgf, ;+oGq, Hofan, ;/;fdfg, gubL
lhG;L ;d]t t'?Gt ga'´fPdf jf dgfl;a kmfF6jf/L glbPdf,
-h_ n'6\g] clek|fon] 3/ jf s'g} 7fpF kmf]/]df jf s'g} lsl;daf6 wgdfn
n'6]df, xfgL gf]S;fgL jf Iflt u/]df,
-´_ st{Jo kfngf ubf{ sfo/tf b]vfPdf .

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
#$= c¿ ck/fwx¿ M k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] b]xfosf] s'g} ck/fw u/]df, kfFr jif{;Dd s}b jf
Ps jif{sf] tna a/fa/;Dd h/Ljfgf jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 M–
-s_ cfˆgf] lhDdfdf /x]sf] ;/sf/L jf c¿ s;}sf] ;+oGq, Hofjn,
;/;fdfg, jlb{, tfgfdfgf, tSdf, kbs, gubL, lhG;L, ;jf/Lsf]
;fwg / OGwg OTofbL hfgL hfgL jf nfk/jfxL u/L lauf/]df,
gf;]df, x/fPdf jf b'¿kof]u u/]df jf jbgLotLn] cfˆgf] jf c¿
s;}sf] lgldQ lnPdf jf lbPdf,
-v_ SofDkdf /;b jf c¿ rflxg] s'/f Nofpg] JolQm pk/ xdnf jf
a]OHht u/]df jf an k|of]u u/L ck/fw u/]df jf s'g} :yfgdf an
ldrfO{ u/]df,
-u_ cfkm" dflysf] k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] lbPsf] sfg'gL pbL{ gdfg]df,
-3_ k|x/L kmf];{af6 efu]df,
-ª_ ;]06«L e} kfnf] a;]sf] 7fpFdf ;'t]df jf lgoldt abnL gcfO{ lagf
Ohfht 5f8]df,
-r_ lgoldt abnL gcfO{ jf lagf Ohfht cfˆgf] uf/b, lks]6, 6f]nL jf
Kof6«f]n 5f]8]df,
-5_ cfkm"nfO{ lgo'Qm ug{ clVtof/ kfPsf clwsf/Lsf] Ohfht lagf
/fhLgfdf u/]df jf cfˆgf] kbsf] st{Jo kfng ug{ 5f8]df,
-h_ ;]06«LnfO{ s'6]df jf ha/h:tL u/]df jf ug{ pBf]u u/]df,
-´_ uf/b, lks]6, Kof6«f]nsf] sdf08df 5Fbf /Ltk'js{ a'´fPsf] s}bL jf
JolQm a'‰g OGsf/ u/]df, dgfl;a clVtof/ lagf cfˆgf] lhDdfdf
/x]sf] s'g} JolQm jf s}bLnfO{ 5f8]df jf nfk/jfxL u/L To:tf] s}bL
jf JolQmnfO{ efUg lbPdf,
-`_ lu/ˆtf/ jf y'lgPsf avt 5f8\g ;Sg] clVtof/ kfPsf]n] g5f8\b}
lu/ˆtf/ ePsf] jf y'lgPsf] 7fpF 5f8L uPdf,


t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

19
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-6_ /f]u jf z/L/sf] lgj{ntfsf] ´'7f] axfgf u/]df jf efg kf/]df,

-7_ cfˆgf] sdfg jf lhDdfdf /x]sf] JolQmx¿sf] ;+Vof jf cj:yfsf] jf
To:tf JolQm jf g]kfn ;/sf/ jf k|x/L jf k|x/L kmf];{df ;fd]n x'g
cfPsf] s;}sf] ?k}ofF, xftxltof/, v/vhfgf, n'ufkmf6f], ;/;fdfg jf
cGo dfn;fdfgsf] ´'¶f] kmfF6 jf k|ltj]bg hfgLhfgL k]z u/]df jf
v/fa dg;fon] jf hfgLhfgL aft nfUg] nfk/jfxLaf6 dfly
n]lvPsf ljifosf] kmfF6 jf k|ltj]bg tof/ ug{ jf k7fpg 5'6fPdf jf
OGsf/ u/]df,
-8_ /fhg}lts p2]Zon] ;+u7g ul/Psf] ;ef, h'n'; jf k|bz{gdf efu
lnPdf, efif0f u/]df, gf/f nufPdf jf jQmJo lbPdf,

-8!_ n}lËs lx+;f u/]df,
-9_ cfˆgf] cf]xbfsf] wfs wDsL lbO{ s;}nfO{ cgfxs b'Mv / 606f lbPdf
jf s;}sf] ;DklQ xfgL gf]S;fgL u/]df .
#$s= === === ===
#%= c¿ P]g adf]lhd d'2f rnfpg clwsf/df afwf gkfg]{ M o; P]gadf]lhd ;hfo
x'g] ck/fw ug]{ JolQm pk/ c¿ P]gadf]lhd d'2f rnfpg jf To:tf JolQmnfO{ c¿
P]gadf]lhd ;hfosf] efuL x'g jf o; P]gdf n]lvPsf b08 ;hfoeGbf a9L c¿
;hfosf] efuL x'g o; P]gsf] s'g} s'/fn] afwf kb}{g . t/ s'g} JolQmnfO{ Pp6}
ck/fwdf b'O{ k6s ;hfo eg] x'g ;Sb}g .

#^= k|x/L ljz]if cbfntsf] :yfkgf / u7g M -!_ o; kl/R5]b cGtu{t ;hfo x'g]
s;"/;DaGwL d'2fsf] z'? sf/jfxL / lsgf/f ug{ b]xfosf] bhf{sf] k|x/L sd{rf/Lsf]
;DaGwdf b]xfosf] k|x/L ljz]if cbfnt u7g x'g]5 M–
-s_ k|x/L hjfgb]lv k|x/L ;xfos lg/LIfs ;Ddsf] nflu lhNnf
k|x/L ljz]if cbfnt,

n}lËs ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}lËs lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{O ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)&@ åf/f yk .

t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .

t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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-v_ k|x/L gfoj lg/LIfsb]lv k|x/L gfoj pk/LIfs ;Ddsf] nflu


If]qLo k|x/L ljz]if cbfnt,
-u_ k|x/L pk/LIfs / ;f]b]lv dflyNnf] txsf] k|x/L clws[tsf]
nflu s]Gb|Lo k|x/L ljz]if cbfnt .

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lhNnf k|x/L ljz]if cbfnt, If]qLo k|x/L ljz]if
cbfnt / s]Gb|Lo k|x/L ljz]if cbfntsf] u7g cfjZostf cg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/
u[x dGqfnon] ug]{5 / k|To]s cbfntdf Gofo ;]jfsf] clws[tsf] cWoIftfdf
Pshgf k|x/L clws[t ;lxt tLghgf ;b:ox¿ /xg]5g\ / sf/afxLdf kg]{ JolQm
k|x/L clws[t ePdf lgheGbf tNnf] >]0fLsf] clws[t ljz]if cbfntdf /xg] 5}g .

#^s=5'§} k|x/L ljz]if cbfnt u7g ug]{ ;lsg ] M bkmf #^ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
ePtfklg k|x/L gfoj lg/LIfs jf ;f] b]lv dflyNnf] bhf{sf clws[t / ;f]xL jf
tNnf] txsf k|x/L sd{rf/L ;d]t ;+ul7t e} o; kl/R5]b cGtu{tsf] s;"/ u/]df
To:tf] d'2fsf] z'? sf/jfO{ / lsgf/f ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf
k|sflzt ul/ 5'§} k|x/L ljz]if cbfntsf] u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .

#^v=k'g/fj]bg M -!_ o; kl/R5]b cGtu{tsf] s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2fdf bkmf #^ adf]lhdsf]

k|x/L ljz]if cbfntn] u/]sf] lg0f{odf lrQ ga'‰g] JolQmn] Ps txdflysf] k|x/L
ljz]if cbfntdf k}+tL; lbgleq k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-@_ bkmf #^ sf] pkbkmf -@_ === === === adf]lhdsf] s]Gb|Lo k|x/L ljz]if
cbfnt jf bkmf #^s= adf]lhdsf] k|x/L ljz]if cbfntn] u/]sf] lg0f{o pk/ g]kfn
;/sf/ ;dIf k'g/fj]bg nfUg]5 .

#^u=k|x/L ljz]if cbfntsf] sfo{ljlw M -!_ o; P]g cGtu{t u7g ePsf] k|x/L ljz]if
cbfntn] cfˆgf] sfo{ljlw cfkm}+ lgwf{/0f u/L Jojl:yt ug]{5 .
-@_ o; kl/R5]b cGtu{tsf] s;"/ ePsf]df Ps jif{leq d'2f rnfpg' kg]{5 .


kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

21
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#&= st{Jo kfng ubf{ c;n lgotn] sfd u/]df sd{rf/L bf]ifL gx'g ] M k|d'v lhNnf
clwsf/L jf k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] o; P]g jf c¿ k|rlnt P]gadf]lhd ug{'kg]{ st{Jo
kfng ubf{ jf kfPsf] clVtof/ k|of]u ubf{ jf cbfntn] lbPsf] jf hf/L u/]sf]
cf1lKt, cfb]z jf jf/]06 tfd]n ubf{ c;n lgotn] u/]sf]df ;hfosf] / xhf{gf ltg]{
efuL x'Fb}g .
#*= d'2f rnfpg] xbDofb M o; P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod jf ljlgod
cg';f/ jf pQm P]g, lgod jf ljlgodn] clwsf/ lbPsf] eGg] ;D´L s'g} sfd
u/]sf jf ;f] ug]{ cfzon] u/]sf] s'g} sfdsf] ;DaGwdf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L jf
k|x/L sd{rf/L pk/ b]xfodf n]lvPadf]lhd ge} d'2f rNg ;Sb}g .
-s_ d'2f rnfpg] sf/0f / jfbL x'g]sf] / lghsf] jfl/; eP To;sf] gfd / 7]ufgf
vf]nL lnlvt gf]l6; k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L, k|x/L sd{rf/LnfO{ a'´fPsf] jf
x'nfsåf/f /lhi6«/L u/L k7fPsf] / To;sf] ! k|lt gSsn g]kfn ;/sf/df
k]z u/]sf] ! dlxgf ggf3L,
-v_ d'2f rnfpg] sf/0f ePsf] * dlxgfleq d'2f bfo/ geO{ .
#(= lgod / cfb]z agfpg] clwsf/ M -!_ o; P]gsf] p2]Zo sfof{lGjt ug{nfO{
g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgod agfpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ n] lbPsf] clwsf/sf] ;j{;fdfGotfdf k|lts"n k|efj gkf/L
g]kfn ;/sf/n] b]xfosf] ljifox¿df lgod agfpg ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ k|x/L kmf];{sf] u7g / juL{s/0fsf] Joj:yf af/] .
-v_ k|x/L kmf];{sf] lg/LIf0fsf] Joj:yf af/] .
-u_ k|x/L kmf];{nfO{ lbOg] xftxltof/, tfgfjfgf, n'ufkmf6f / c¿
cfjZos a:t'x¿sf] ljj/0f / ;+Vof lgwf{l/t ug]{ af/] .
-3_ k|x/L kmf];{sf] clws[t / hjfg a:g] 7fpF tf]Sg] af/] .

22
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
-3!_ dlxnf tyf k'?if k|x/L sd{rf/Lsf] nflu 5'§5'§} cfjf; u[x
/xg] af/] .

-3@_ lzz' :ofxf/ s]Gb| af/] .
-ª_ k|x/Lsf] ;fwg ;DaGwdf k|x/L kmf];{sf] :yfkgf, k| aGw /
Joj:yf ug]{ af/] .
-r_ k|x/L kmf];{sf] afF8kmfF8, v6gk6g, ultljlw / :yfgsf]
Joj:yf ug]{ af/] .
-5_ ;a} bhf{ / >]0fLsf k|x/L sd{rf/Lsf] st{Jo ls6fg ug]{ /
lghx¿n] cf–cfˆgf] clwsf/ / st{Jo kfng ug]{ t/Lsf /
zt{x¿ tf]Sg] af/] .
-h_ k|x/Ln] ;'/fs nfpg] / va/ hDdf ug]{ / ;f] hfx]/ ug]{
Joj:yf ldnfpg] af/] .
-´_ ;fdfGotM k|x/LnfO{ of]Uo agfpg] / lghx¿sf] st{Josf]
b'¿kof]u / nfk/jfxL /f]Sg] af/] .
-#_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] hf/L u/]sf] lgod / cfb]zsf] cwLgdf /xL pkbkmf -@_
df n]lvPsf ljifox¿ af/] k|x/L dxflg/LIfsn] cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .


n}lËs ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}lËs lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)&@ åf/f yk .

23
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cg';"rL
kmf/fd

k|x/L P]g, @)!@ adf]lhd === === === === === ===== === === === === k|x/L kmf];{sf] hjfg
lgo'Qm x'g' ePsf] 5 / lghn] k|x/L sd{rf/Lsf] clwsf/, st{Jo / ;'ljwf kfpg' x'g]5 .

k|df0fkq lbg] clVtof/jfnf

b|i6Jo M -!_ g]kfn sfg'g -;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)@$ åf/f ¿kfGt/ ePsf zAbx¿ M–
-s_ æk'ln;Æ sf] ;§f æk|x/LÆ .
-v_ æuh]6Æ sf] ;§f æ/fhkqÆ .
-u_ æclkm;/Æ sf] ;§f æclws[tÆ .
-3_ æ;dgÆ sf] ;§f æ;dfÅfgÆ .
-ª_ æl/kf]{6Æ sf] ;§f æk|ltj]bgÆ .
-r_ æl8u|LÆ sf] ;§f æcf1lKtÆ .
-@_ k|x/L -klxnf] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)@( åf/f ¿kfGt/ ePsf zAbx¿ M–
-s_ æOG;k]S6/ hg/nÆ sf] ;§f ædxflg/LIfsÆ .
-v_ æPl8zgnÆ sf] ;§f æcltl/QmÆ .
-u_ æ8]k'6LÆ sf] ;§f ægfojÆ .
-3_ æcl;i6]06Æ sf] ;§f æ;xfosÆ .
-ª_ æ;'kl/06]08]06Æ sf] ;§f æpk/LIfsÆ .
-r_ æOG;k]S6/Æ sf] ;§f ælg/LIfsÆ .
-5_ æ;j OG;k]S6/Æ sf] ;§f ægfoj lg/LIfsÆ .
-h_ æcl;i6]06 ;a–OG;k]S6/Æ sf] ;§f æ;xfos lg/LIfsÆ /
-´_ æ;jf]l8{g]6 /]+sÆ sf] ;§f ædftxt bhf{Æ .
-#_ k|x/L -t];|f] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)#% åf/f ¿kfGt/ ePsf zAbx¿ M–
ælhNnf pk/LIfsÆ sf] ;§f æc~rn pk/LIfsÆ .
-$_ k|x/L -kfrf}+ ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)$* åf/f ¿kfGt/ ePsf zAbx¿ M–
-s_ æc~rnfwLzÆ sf] ;§f æk|d'v lhNnf clwsf/LÆ
-v_ æ;l6{lkms]6Æ sf] ;§f æk|df0fkqÆ .
-%_ s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f ?kfGt/ ePsf zAbx? M
Æ>L % sf] ;/sf/Æ sf] ;§f æg]kfn ;/sf/Æ .

24