NISENI Rules 2050 1

www.lawcommission.gov.
np
lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnL, @)%)

g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt ldlt
@)%).#.@*
;+zf]wg
!= lghfdtL ;]jf -klxnf] ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)%) @)%).&.#
@= g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf lgodfjnL, @)%% @)%%.(.!(
#= lghfdtL ;]jf -bf];|f] ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)%^ @)%^.$.@&
$= lghfdtL ;]jf -t];|f] ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)%( @)%(.!).@#
%= lghfdtL ;]jf -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)^) @)^).(.!)
^= lghfdtL ;]jf -kf“rf} ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)^! @)^!.%.@*
&= lghfdtL ;]jf -5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)^! @)^!.!@.!
*= lghfdtL ;]jf -;ftf}+ ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)^$ @)^$.*.@)
(= lghfdtL ;]jf -cf7f}+ ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)^& @)^&.%.!%
!)= lghfdtL ;]jf -gjf}+ ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)^* @)^*.$.$
!!= lghfdtL ;]jf -bzf}+ ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)^* @)^*.!@.#
!@= lghfdtL ;]jf -P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)&) @)&).!.#)
!#= lghfdtL ;]jf -afx|f}+ ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)&@ @)&@.^.&
!$= lghfdtL ;]jf -t]¥xf}+ ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)&# @)&#.@.%
!%= lghfdtL ;]jf -rf}wf}+ ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)&# @)&#.%.@$
!^= lghfdtL ;]jf -kGw|f}+ ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)&^ @)&^.!.#)
lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf &% n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L g]kfn ;/sf/n]
b]xfosf lgodx? agfPsf] 5 .
kl/R5]b – !
k|f/lDes
!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M -!_ oL lgodx?sf] gfd ælghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnL, @)%)Æ
/x]sf]5 .
-@_ of] lgodfjnL t'?Gt k|f/De x'g]5 .
 of] lgodfjnL ;+jt\ @)^@ ;fn j}zfv ! ut]b]lv k|f/De ePsf] .
1
www.lawcommission.gov.np
@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;·n] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; lgodfjnLdf,–

-s_ æP]gÆ eGgfn] lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( ;Demg' k5{ .
-v_ æljefuLo k|d'vÆ eGgfn] cg';"rL–! df tf]lsPsf] clwsf/L ;Demg' k5{ .
-u_ æsfof{no k|d'vÆ eGgfn] cg';"rL–@ df tf]lsPsf] sfof{nosf] k|d'v ;Demg' k5{ .
-3_ æOsfO sfof{no k|d'vÆ eGgfn] sfof{no k|d'v dftxtsf OsfO sfof{nosf k|d'v
;Demg' k5{ .
#= o; lgodfjnLsf] JofVof M -!_ s'g} clwsf/Ln] o; lgodfjnLsf] s'g} lgod k|of]u ubf{
u/]sf] JofVofaf6 s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ dsf{ k/]df lghn] g]kfn ;/sf/, ;fdfGo
k|zf;g dGqfno ;dIf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd kg{ cfPsf] lgj]bgsf] ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] u/]sf]
JofVofnfO{ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] ;DalGwt ;a} ;/sf/L sfof{nox?sf] hfgsf/L tyf
dfu{bz{gsf] lgldQ k7fpg]5 .
#s= Joj:yfkg k/LIf0f ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw M -!_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] P]gsf] bkmf &@s=
adf]lhd cfsl:ds ?kdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf ;a} lgsfox?df cfnf]kfnf] u/L Joj:yfkg
k/LIf0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] cfÇgf dftxtsf ljefu / lgsfox?nfO{ ;d]t
pklgod -!_ adf]lhd Joj:yfkg k/LIf0f ug{ nufO{ k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ nufpg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd Joj:yfkg k/LIf0f ubf{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf ;DalGwt
lgsfox?n] ;DalGwt clen]v tyf sfuhftx? b]vfpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ P]gsf] bkmf &@s= adf]lhdsf] g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf k]z ePsf] Joj:yfkg
k/LIf0fsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] ;fj{hlgs u/L Joj:yfkg k/LIf0f
ul/Psf] lgsfodf k7fpg]5 . To:tf] k|ltj]bgdf plNnlvt s}lkmot, ;'emfj jf clgoldttf
km5\of}{6 ug]{ bfloTj ;DalGwt ljefuLo k|d'v jf sfof{no k|d'vsf] x'g]5 .
-%_ pklgod -$_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bgdf plNnlvt s}lkmot, ;'emfj jf
clgoldttf km5of{}6 gug]{ ljefuLo k|d'v jf sfof{no k|d'vnfO{ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon]
 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
2
cjlw tf]sL km5\of}{6sf] nflu n]vL k7fpg]5 . o;/L tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq To:tf] s}lkmot,
;'emfj jf clgoldttf km5\of}{6 gug]{ ljefuLo k|d'v jf sfof{no k|d'vnfO{ clVtof/jfnfn]
ljefuLo sf/afxL ug]{5 .
kl/R5]b – @
;·7g ;+/rgf / kb Joj:yf
$= ;·7g ;+/rgf / b/aGbL ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ s'g} sfof{nosf] ;·7gsf] :j¿k tof/
ug]{ jf ;·7g ;+/rgfdf x]/km]/ ug]{ jf :yfoL kb ;[hgf jf vf/]h ug]{ :jLs[lt k|fKt
ePsf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] ;DalGwt lgsfodf n]vL k7fpg]5
/ ;DalGwt lgsfon] ;f] hfgsf/L k|fKt u/]sf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleqdf b/aGbL clen]v
cBfjlws u/L To;sf] hfgsf/L ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno / lghfdtL lstfavfgfdf
k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ ;·7gsf] :j?k tof/ ug]{ jf ;·7g ;+/rgfdf x]/k]m/ ug]{ qmddf :yfoL kb
;[hgf jf x]/km]/ ug'{ k/]df yk jf x]/k]m/ ug{ vf]lhPsf] kbsf] sfo{ ljj/0f ;+nUg ug'{
kg]{5 .
-#_ cfof]hgf jf sfo{qmdsf] nflu :jLs[t c:yfoL b/aGbLdf lghfdtL ;]jfsf :yfoL
lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ sfhdf v6fO{ sfd sfh u/fpg' kg]{5 . To:tf] b/aGbLdf :yfoL
sd{rf/Laf6 kbk"lt{ x'g g;s]df cfof]hgf k|d'v, n]vf k|d'v / lhG;L ;+/Ifs -:6f]/lsk/_
afx]ssf cGo kbdf ;]jf s/f/af6 sfdsfh u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ o; lgoddf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg g]kfn ;/sf/sf ljleGg
lgsfox?n] ljleGg sfo{s|d ;~rfngsf] nflu bft[ lgsfo / bft[ ;+:yf;“u ;Demf}tf ubf{
To:tf sfo{s|dnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ hgzlQmsf] ljifo klg pNn]v x'g cfPdf ;Demf}tf ug'{ k"j{
hgzlQmsf] ;DaGwdf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno / cy{ dGqfnosf] ;d]t ;xdlt lng'
kg]{5 .
%= ljz]if kbsf] ;[hgf M -!_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf ljz]if kb ;[hgf ug{ ;lsg]5 M–
-s_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;?jf ePsf] sfof{nodf k'Ug sfa' aflx/sf]
kl/l:yltn] ubf{ l9nf ePdf,
3
-v_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ sfhdf v6fp“bf ;fljs sfof{nosf] sfdsfh ug{
gEofpg] ePdf,
-u_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/L tfnLd, 5fqj[lQ, ;]ldgf/ cflbdf vl6Pdf,
-3_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] Ps dlxgfeGbf a9L ljbf lnO{ a;]df,
-ª_ P]gsf] bkmf &s= sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd l/Qm x'g] kb dfu u/L
k7fOPsf]df To:tf] kb l/Qm gx'“b} nf]s ;]jf cfof]uaf6 sd{rf/L l;kmfl/;
eO{ cfPdf .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ljz]if kb ;[hgf ubf{ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf]
;xdlt lnO{ /fhkqfl°t kbsf] xsdf ;DalGwt dGqfno, cfof]u jf ;lrjfnosf]
;lrj:t/af6 / /fhkq cgl°t kbsf] xsdf ;DalGwt ljefuLo k|d'v :t/af6 lg0f{o x'g'
kg]{5 .
t/ pklgod -!_ sf] v08 -s_, -u_ / -ª_ sf] cj:yfdf Ps dlxgf eGbf sd
cjlwsf] nflu ljz]if kb ;[hgf ug'{ k/]df ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;xdlt lng' kg]{
5}g .
-#_ pklgod -!_ sf] cj:yf ljBdfg g/x]df To;/L ;[hgf ePsf] ljz]if kb :jtM
vf/]h x'g]5 .
^= kb btf{ ug]{ M ;DalGwt dGqfnon] P]gsf] bkmf ^s= adf]lhd ;[hgf ePsf kbx?sf]
;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x Pj+ >]0fL ;d]t v'Ng] u/L kb ;[hgf ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf] ldltn] Ps
dlxgfleq clgjfo{ ?kdf lghfdtL lstfavfgfdf kb btf{ u/fpg' kg]{5 . To;/L kb btf{
u/]kl5 To;sf] hfgsf/L lghfdtL lstfavfgfn] ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno, cy{ dGqfno /
;DalGwt lgsfodf k7fpg' kg]{5 . To;/L kb btf{ ePsf] hfgsf/L kfP kl5 dfq kb k"lt{
ug{ ;lsg]5 .
&= lghfdtL kbx? M P]gsf] bkmf % adf]lhd lghfdtL ;]jfsf ljleGg >]0fLx? cGtu{t /xg] kbx?
;DalGwt ;]jf ;d"x ;DaGwL lgodx?df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5g\ .
4
 &s= /fhkqfls+t ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] kb M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf ^ sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;d"xLs/0f
-Sni6/_ ul/Psf ;]jfdf /xg] /fhkqfls+t ljlzi6 >]0fLsf kbx? cg';'rL–@s= adf]lhd
x'g]5g\ .
-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] of] lgodfjnL k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq /fhkqfls+t
ljlzi6 >]0fLdf sfo{/t sd{rf/LnfO{ lghsf] of]Uotf / cg'ejsf] cfwf/df pklgod -!_
adf]lhdsf] pko'Qm ;d"xLs/0f -Sn:6/_ sf] kbdf ;?jf Pj+ kb:yfkg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ of] lgodfjnL k|f/De ePkl5 x'g] /fhkqfls+t ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] a9'jfdf ;DalGwt
;d"xLs/0f u/]sf] ;]jfdf /x]sf /fhkqfls+t k|yd >]0fLsf sd{rf/Lx? dWo]af6 dfq a9'jf
ul/g]5 .
-$_ o; lgod adf]lhd sfod ePsf kbx?sf] ;]jf ;d]t v'Ng] u/L lghfdtL
lstfavfgfn] clen]v cBfjlws u/L ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ hfgsf/L lbg]5 .
*= ;d"x tyf pk;d"xx? M P]gsf] bkmf ^ sf] pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd lghfdtL ;]jfdf /xg]
;d"x tyf pk;d"xx? cg';"rL–# adf]lhd x'g]5g\ .
*s=;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x kl/jt{g ubf{ ckgfpg' kg]{ cfwf/ M g]kfn ;/sf/n] P]gsf] bkmf
@^ adf]lhd s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x kl/jt{g ubf{ b]xfosf
cfwf/x? ckgfpg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] kl/jt{g ug{ vf]lhPsf] ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xsf] nflu ;f]
;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x;“u ;DalGwt lgodfjnLdf pNn]v ul/P adf]lhdsf]
of]Uotf k'u]sf] / To:tf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] bIftf / cg'ej kl/jt{g ug{
vf]lhPsf] ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xnfO{ cTofjZos ePsf] .
-v_ kl/jt{g ug{ vf]lhPsf] ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xdf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx? ckof{Kt
ePsf] .
(=sfo{ ljj/0f M -!_ lghfdtL kbx¿sf] cg';"rL–$ adf]lhdsf] sfo{ ljj/0f ;DalGwt
;lrj, ljefuLo k|d'v / sfof{no k|d'vn] nfu" ug'{ kg]{5 . To:tf] sfo{ ljj/0fsf] Ps k|lt
;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ b]xfosf kbsf] sfo{ ljj/0f b]xfosf] kbflwsf/Ln] :jLs[t ug]{5g\ M–
 afx||f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 afx||f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
5
-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] d'Vo ;lrjsf], g]kfn ;/sf/n],

-v_ /fhkqflÍt ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf], d'Vo ;lrjn],
-u_ v08 -v_ afx]s dGqfno, ;lrjfno, cfof]u jf cGo s]Gb|Lo lgsfosf
lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx? / ljefuLo k|d'vsf], ;DalGwt ;lrj jf /fhkqflÍt
ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln],
-3_ v08 -v_ / -u_ df pNn]v ul/Psf afx]s ljefu, If]q, c~rn, l8lehg,
lhNnf / O{nfsf :t/sf sfof{nosf /fhkqflÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?sf]
;DalGwt ljefuLo k|d'vn],
-ª_ v08 -3_ adf]lhdsf] sfof{nosf /fhkq cglÍt tyf >]0fLljxLg kbx?sf]
;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'vn] .
-#_ of] lgod k|f/De x'“bfsf jvt axfn /x]sf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfo{ ljj/0f
of] lgod k|f/De ePsf] 5 dlxgfleq ;DalGwt kbflwsf/Ln] :jLs[t u/L nfu" u/L ;Sg'
kg]{5 .
-$_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfo{ ljj/0fdf d"NofÍg ug{ ;lsg] j:t'ut cfwf/x?
;d]t pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 / k|To]s sfo{sf] ;"rsfÍ cfwf/ ;d]t tf]Sg' kg]{5 .
-%_ sfo{ ljj/0f nfu" eP gePsf] ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt dGqfnon] dftxtsf
ljefux?sf], ljefun] dftxtsf sfof{nox?sf] / ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] ;a} dGqfno÷
;lrjfno÷cfof]u jf s]Gb|Lo lgsfosf] cg'udg ug]{5 .
-^_ P]g / o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd sfo{ ljj/0f nfu" gug]{] ;lrj jf ljefuLo k|d'v
jf sfof{no k|d'vnfO{ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] l;kmfl/;df clVtof/jfnfn] ;r]t
u/fpg' kg]{5 . To;/L ;r]t u/fp“bf ;d]t sfo{ ljj/0f nfu" gu/]df lghnfO{ P]g tyf o;
lgodfjnL adf]lhd clVtof/jfnfn] ljefuLo sf/afxL ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ sfo{ ljj/0fdf pNn]v ePsf] ;"rsfÍsf] sfo{ k|ultsf] cfwf/df ;'kl/j]Ifsn]
k|To]s lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-*_ k|To]s /fhkqflÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] kbsf] sfo{ ljj/0fsf cfwf/df
cfk"mn] ug'{ kg]{ sfo{sf] jflif{s sfo{ of]hgf agfO{ k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] klxnf] rf}dfl;s
cjlwleq sfof{no k|d'vaf6 :jLs[t u/fO{ ;f] cg';f/ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/ of] lgod k|f/De eP kl5 klxnf] k6s lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] bf];|f] rf}dfl;s
cjlwleq To:tf] sfo{ of]hgf agfpg ;Sg]5g\ .
6
!)= lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] clen]v M -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] j}olQms ljj/0f tyf cGo
clen]v lghfdtL lstfavfgfdf /flvg]5 .
-!s_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] j}olQms ljj/0f tyf cGo
clen]v cBfjlws u/L /fVg] k|of]hgsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/sf dGqfno, ;lrjfno, ljefu,
sfof{no, ;+j}wflgs c+u tyf lgsfo / ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;d]t lghfdtL
lstfavfgfnfO{ ;do ;dodf cfjZos ljj/0f pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ ;]jf ;d"x ;~rfng ug]{ dGqfno tyf cGtu{tsf ljefu / sfof{nox?n] klg
cfÇgf] dftxtsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] clen]v lghfdtL lstfavfgfsf] clen]v;“u b'?:t
x'g] u/L cBfjlws u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
-#_ lghfdtL lstfavfgfn] ;]jf, ;d"x ;~rfng ug]{ dGqfno tyf cGtu{tsf
ljefu / sfof{nox?n] pklgod -@_ adf]lhd lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] j}olQms ljj/0f tyf
clen]v lghfdtL lstfavfgfsf] clen]v;“u b'?:t x'g] u/L cBfjlws u/L /fv]sf] g/fv]sf]
cfjZostf cg';f/ lg/LIf0f ug]{5 . o;/L lg/LIf0f ubf{ s'g} q'6L km]nf k/]df lghfdtL
lstfavfgfn] To:tf] q'6L ;'wf/ ug{ ;DalGwt dGqfno, ljefu jf sfof{nonfO{ ;"lrt ug]{5
. o;/L ;"lrt u/]sf q'6Lx? ;'wf/ ug'{ ;DalGwt ljefu jf sfof{nosf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
lghfdtL lstfavfgfn] ;"lrt u/]sf] q'6Lx? tLg dlxgfleq ;'wf/ gug]{ ;DalGwt
sd{rf/LnfO{ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] ljefuLo sf/afxL ug]{, u/fpg]5 .
-$_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf dGqfno, ;lrjfno, ljefu, sfof{no / ;+j}wflgs c+u tyf
lgsfoaf6 k|fKt x'g cfPsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?sf] clen]v lghfdtL lstfavfgfn]
cBfjlws u/L /fVg' kg]{5 . o;/L k|fKt x'g cfPsf clen]v lghfdtL lstfavfgfn]
cBfjlws u/] gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] ;do ;dodf lg/LIf0f ug]{5 .
o;/L lg/LIf0f ubf{ q'6Lx? km]nf kg{ uPdf tLg dlxgfleqdf To:tf q'6Lx? ;'wf/ ug{
;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] lghfdtL lstfavfgfnfO{ ;"lrt ug]{5 . o;/L ;'wf/ ug{ ;"lrt
u/]sf] cjlwdf q'6Lx? ;'wf/ gu/]df ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] lghfdtL lstfavfgfsf
k|d'vnfO{ ljefuLo sf/afxL ug]{5 .
7
!)s=clen]v Jojl:yt ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] lgo'lQm, ;?jf, kb:yfkg ePsf],
cf}ifwL pkrf/ lnPsf] tyf cWoog ljbf, c;fwf/0f ljbf, k|;"lt ljbf, k|;"lt :ofxf/ ljbf
/ a]tnjL ljbf lnPsf] ljj/0f lghfdtL lstfavfgfdf /x]sf] ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf]
j}olQms ljj/0fdf cBfjlws ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ gof“ lgo'lQm x'g] sd{rf/Lsf] j}olQms ljj/0f -l;6/f]n_ k|dfl0ft u/L ;Í]t
gDa/ k|fKt gu/L tnj eQf e'QmfgL ul/g] 5}g .
-#_ lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ cf}ifwL pkrf/sf] /sd e'QmfgL lb“bf e'QmfgL lbg] /sd
;DaGwL clen]v lghfdtL lstfavfgfdf cBfjlws gu/L e''QmfgL lbOg] 5}g .
 -#s_ cWoog ljbf, c;fwf/0f ljbf / a]tnjL ljbf :jLs[t eO{ ;f]sf] clen]v
lghfdtL lstfavfgfaf6 cBfjlws ePsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePkl5 dfq ;DalGwt
sd{rf/LnfO{ To:tf] ljbf :jLs[ltsf] kq lbOg]5 .
-$_ o; lgoddf pNn]v ePsf ljifodf clen]v /fVg] k|of]hgsf] nflu n]vL
cfPsf]df lghfdtL lstfavfgfn] ;f]xL lbg jf ;f] lbg ;Dej gePdf ;f]sf]
ef]lnkN6;Dddf clen]v Jojl:yt u/L l56f] ;fwgåf/f ;DalGwt sfof{nonfO{ hfgsf/L
lbg' kg]{5 .
-%_ o; lgod adf]lhd clen]v cBfjlws gu/L lg0f{o sfof{Gjog ug]{ lhDd]jf/
kbflwsf/LnfO{ ljefuLo ;hfo x'g]5 .
 -^_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] clen]v ;DaGwL ljj/0f lgh ;]jfaf6 x6]kl5 lghn] P]g
jf o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd lng' kg]{ ;'ljwf gln“bf;Dd jf lghsf] lgj[Qe/0f clwsf/kq
hf/L gx'“bf;Dd ;'/lIft /fVg' kg]{5 . lgj[Qe/0f kfpg] u/L ;]jfaf6 cjsfz ePsf]
lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;Í]t gDa/, lgo'lQm ldlt, s'n ;]jf cjlw / cjsfz ePsf] ldlt
;d]t pNn]v u/L hf/L ePsf] lgj[Qe/0f clwsf/kq b'O{ k|lt tof/ u/L Ps k|lt
;DalGwt sd{rf/L jf lghsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:onfO{ pknAw u/fO{ csf]{ Ps k|lt cfjZos
k/]sf avt k|ltlnlk lbg ;Sg] u/L ;'/lIft /fVg' kg]{5 .
!!= kb geO{ sd{rf/L lgo'Qm ug{ gx'g] M -!_ s'g} klg sfof{nodf kb l/Qm geO{ jf kb ;[hgf
geO{ sd{rf/L lgo'Qm ug'{ x'“b}g .
8
-@_ pklgod -!_ ljk/Lt s'g} sd{rf/L lgo'Qm u/L tna v'jfPdf To;/L v'jfPsf]
tna /sd lgo'lQm ug]{ clwsf/Laf6 c;'n pk/ ul/g]5 .
!@= kb vf/]h x'g] M -!_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] s'g} kb ;[hgf jf l/Qm ePsf] ldltn] Ps jif{;Dd
:yfoL kbk"lt{ gePdf pQm kb :jtM vf/]h x'g]5 . o;/L vf/]h ePsf] kb ;DaGwL ljj/0f
;DalGwt lgsfon] To:tf] kb vf/]h ePsf] ;ft lbgleq ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno /
lghfdtL lstfavfgfnfO{ clgjfo{ ?kn] lbg' kg]{5 . To:tf] ljj/0f k|fKt eP kl5 ;fdfGo
k|zf;g dGqfno / lghfdtL lstfavfgfn] ;f]sf] clen]v cBfjlws u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
t/ nf]s ;]jf cfof]uaf6 kbk"lt{sf] nflu sf/afxL e}/x]sf] / a9'jfsf] sf/afxL z'?
e} ;s]sf] kb vf/]h x'g] 5}g .
-!s_ s'g} kbsf ;DaGwdf a9'jf jf nf]s ;]jf cfof]udf kbk"lt{sf] sf/afxL e}
/x]sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt lgsfon] ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno / lghfdtL lstfavfgfnfO{
clgjfo{ ?kn] lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd vf/]h ePsf kbx?sf] ;"rgf lghfdtL lstfavfgfn]
;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno, cy{ dGqfno / ;]jf ;DaGwL dGqfnonfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd Ps jif{;Dd l/Qm eO{ kb vf/]h ePsf] ljj/0f glbg]
kbflwsf/LnfO{ P]gsf] bkmf ^) sf] v08 -3_ adf]lhd klbo bfloTj lhDd]jf/Lk"j{s k"/f
gu/]sf] dfgL clVtof/jfnfn] ljefuLo ;hfo ug]{5 .
t/ >]0fLljxLg lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf d'Vo sfo{ / ;xfos sfo{ ug]{ kb 5'6\ofO{
;s] kl5 dfq of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g]5 .
 -$_ /fhkq cgls+t t[tLo, rt'y{ / kf“rf}+ >]0fL tyf >]0fL ljxLg kbdf sfo{/t
lghfdtL sd{rf/L cjsfz ePkl5 To:tf] kb lstfavfgfn] :jtM vf/]h u/L clen]v
cBfjlws ug]{5 . To;/L vf/]h ePsf] kbsf] hfgsf/L lghfdtL lstfavfgfn] ;DalGwt
dGqfno, ljefu / sfof{nonfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
t/ P]gsf] bkmf & sf] pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd d'Vo sfo{ ug]{ egL tf]lsPsf /fhkq
cglÍt kf“rf}+ >]0fLsf] jf >]0fL ljxLg kb vf/]h x'g] 5}g .

9
kl/R5]b – #
kbk"lt{ / kbflwsf/
!#= :yfoL lghfdtL sd{rf/L dfu ug]{ M -!_ s'g} /fhkqfl°t kb gof“ ;[hgf ePdf jf s'g}
tl/sfaf6 l/Qm ePdf ;ft lbgleq ;DalGwt dGqfno, ;lrjfno jf cfof]un] To:tf]
kb;“u ;DalGwt ljj/0f ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnodf k7fpg' kg]{5 . To:tf] hfgsf/L k|fKt
ePkl5 ;fdFGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] lghfdtL lstfavfgf / cfkm";“u /x]sf] clen]v;“u
le8fO{ k|To]s b'O{ dlxgfdf cfjZos ljj/0f ;lxt nf]s ;]jf cfof]udf kbk"lt{sf] nflu
dfu u/L k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ s'g} /fhkq cgl°t kb gof“ ;[hgf ePdf jf s'g} tl/sfaf6 l/Qm ePdf b'O{
dlxgfleq ;DalGwt ljefuLo k|d'v jf sfof{no k|d'vn] To:tf] kb;“u ;DalGwt ljj/0f
;lxt nf]s ;]jf cfof]udf :yfoL lghfdtL sd{rf/L dfu u/L k7fpg' kg]{5 / ;f]sf]
hfgsf/L ;DalGwt dGqfno, ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno tyf lghfdtL lstfavfgfnfO{
lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ / -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg kmflhndf /x]sf
;DalGwt ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xsf lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ l/Qm kbdf ldnfg u/]/ dfq
af“sL kbdf kbk"lt{sf] nflu dfu ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ P]gsf] bkmf &s= sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd cfly{s jif{leq l/Qm x'g] kb dfu
ubf{ kb l/Qm x'g] cfwf/ / sf/0f :ki6 ?kdf pNn]v u/L k7fpg' kg]{5 . unt ljj/0f
/fvL kbk"lt{sf] nflu dfu ug]{ clwsf/LnfO{ ljefuLo ;hfo ul/g]5 .
!#s= l/Qm kbsf] ljj/0f M l/Qm /x]sf / rfn" cfly{s jif{ el/df pd]/sf cfwf/df clgjfo{
cjsfz x'g] /fhkq cglÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?sf] ljj/0f tof/ u/L ;DalGwt ljefuLo
k|d'v jf sfof{no k|d'vn] ;f] ljj/0f ;DalGwt sfof{no, lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no / lhNnf
ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{nosf] ;"rgf kf6Ldf k|sfzg u/L kbk"lt{sf] nflu ;fpg dlxgfsf]
kGw| ut];Dddf nf]s ;]jf cfof]udf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
!$=kbk"lt{ k|ltztsf] cfwf/df kb;+Vof lgwf{/0f M -!_ lgod !# adf]lhd sd{rf/L dfu
;DaGwL ljj/0f k|fKt eP kl5 nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] l/Qm kbx?dWo] P]gsf] bkmf & adf]lhd

10
v'Nnf k|ltof]lutf, sfo{ Ifdtfsf] d"NofÍg, cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIff / h]i7tf /

sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+sgåf/f k"lt{ x'g] k|ltztsf] cfwf/df kb;+Vof lgwf{/0f ug]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd kb;+Vof lgwf{/0f ubf{ P]gsf] bkmf & sf] pkbkmf -!_
adf]lhd v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfåf/f k"lt{ x'g] kb;+VofdWo] ;f]xL bkmfsf] pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd k"lt{
x'g] kb;+Vof ;d]t lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ P]gsf] bkmf & sf] pkbkmf -&_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ?kdf
k5fl8 k/]sf dlxnf, cflbjf;L÷hghflt, dw]zL, blnt ;d'bfosf] ljj/0f g]kfn ;/sf/n]
g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
t/ g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L gtf]s];Ddsf] nflu ;Dk"0f{ dlxnf,
cflbjf;L÷hghflt, dw]zL, blntnfO{ cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ?kdf k5fl8 k/]sf] ;d'bfo
dflgg]5 .
-$_ P]gsf] bkmf & sf] pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd 5'§ofOPsf kbdf b/vf:t lb“bf b]xfosf
cfwf/df lbg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ cflbjf;L÷hghfltsf xsdf g]kfn cflbjf;L÷hghflt pTyfg /fli6«o
k|lti7fg P]gdf ;"rLs[t ePsf] hfltsf] xsdf ;f]xL ;"rLsf] cfwf/df,
t/ g]kfn cflbjf;L÷hghflt pTyfg /fli6«o k|lti7fg P]gdf ;"rLs[t
ePsf] hfltleq Ps eGbf a9L y/x? ePdf ;DalGwt :yfgLo lgsfosf]
k|d'vsf] l;kmfl/;df k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Laf6 ;"rLs[t ePsf] hfltleqsf]
y/ egL k|dfl0ft u/fO{ b/vf:t;fy k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-v_ blntsf xsdf /fli6«o blnt cfof]uaf6 ;"rLs[t ePsf] hfltsf] xsdf ;f]xL
;"rLsf] cfwf/df,
t/ /fli6«o blnt cfof]uaf6 ;"rLs[t ePsf] hfltleq Ps eGbf a9L
y/x? ePdf ;DalGwt :yfgLo lgsfosf] k|d'vsf] l;kmfl/;df k|d'v lhNnf
clwsf/Laf6 ;"rLs[t ePsf] hfltleqsf] y/ egL k|dfl0ft u/fO{
b/vf:t;fy k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-u_ ckfËsf xsdf :jLs[t lrlsT;ssf] l;kmfl/;df ;dfh sNof0f kl/ifb\\af6
ckfËtf k|dfl0ft u/]sf] cfwf/df,
11
-3_ dw]zLsf xsdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]s]
adf]lhdsf] ;+:yfaf6 dw]zL egL k|dfl0ft u/]sf] cfwf/df,
t/ g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L ;+:yf gtf]s];Dd ;DalGwt
:yfgLo lgsfosf] k|d'vsf] l;kmfl/;df k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Laf6 dw]zL
egL k|dfl0ft u/fO{ b/vf:t;fy k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-ª_ lk5l8Psf] If]qsf xsdf P]gsf] bkmf & sf] pkbkmf -&_ df pNn]v ePsf
lhNnfdf :yfoL a;f]jf; pNn]v u/L ;DalGwt lhNnfaf6 k|fKt ul/Psf]
gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq tyf ;DalGwt ufp“ ljsf; ;ldlt jf
gu/kflnsfaf6 xfn ;f]xL :yfgdf :yfoL a;f]af; ePsf] egL k|dfl0ft
u/]sf] cfwf/df .
 -%_ ==============
!$s= kbk"lt{ ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf & sf] pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhd lgwf{l/t
kbdWo] s'g kb s'g lsl;dsf ckf·x?sf] nflu cg'ko'Qm x'g] eGg] ;DaGwdf g]kfn
;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
 -@_ ===============
 -#_ ===============
!%=Go"gtd of]Uotf M P]gsf] bkmf ^ sf] pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd lghfdtL ;]jfsf ;d"x tyf
pk;d"xx¿df /xg] ljleGg kbx¿sf] nflu rflxg] Go"gtd of]Uotf ;DalGwt ;]jf, ;d"x
;DaGwL lgodx¿df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!^= lgo'lQm ug]{ k|lqmof M P]gsf] bkmf * adf]lhd nf]s ;]jf cfof]uaf6 v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfåf/f
l;kmfl/; ePsf pDd]bjf/nfO{ l;kmfl/;kq bflvnf ePsf] ldltn] /fhkqfl°t kbsf] xsdf
b'O{ dlxgfleq / /fhkq cgl°t kbsf] xsdf kGw« lbgleq clVtof/jfnfn] lgo'Qm ug'{
kg]{5 / o:tf] lgo'lQmsf] ;"rgf l56f] ;fwgåf/f ;DalGwt pDd]bjf/nfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
;DalGwt pDd]bjf/n] lgo'lQmsf] ;"rgf gkfPdf jf ;"rgf lkmtf{ cfPdf ;fj{hlgs kq–
klqsfdf Ps dlxgfsf] Dofb lbO{ ;DalGwt pDd]bjf/nfO{ lgo'lQm kq a'‰g cfpg ;"rgf
k|sflzt ul/g]5 . ;f] Dofbleq klg lgo'lQm kq a'‰g gcfPdf pko{'Qm l;kmfl/;df k/]sf]
 afx||f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .
12
j}slNks pDd]bjf/nfO{ of]Uotf qmdfg';f/ lgo'Qm ug{ ;lsg]5 . o;/L ul/Psf] lgo'lQmsf]
;"rgf lgo'lQm u/]sf] ldltn] kGw« lbgleq nf]s ;]jf cfof]udf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
!&= lgo'lQm kq lbg] jf /2 ug]{ M -!_ b]xfosf] clwsf/Ln] b]xfosf lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ lgo'lQm
u/]sf] jf lgo'lQm /2 u/]sf] kq lbg]5 M–
-s_/fhkqfl°t lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x ;DaGwL
dGqfnosf] ;lrj,
-v_ /fhkq cgl°t tyf >]0fLljxLg sd{rf/LnfO{ clVtof/jfnf .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ lgo'lQm kq lb+bf ;DalGwt
clwsf/Ln] lghn] axfnL ug'{ kg]{ ldlt ;d]t tf]Sg ;Sg]5 . axfnL ug{sf] lgldQ s'g} vf;
ldlt tf]lsPsf] eP ;f]xL ldltdf / s'g} ldlt gtf]lsPsf]df To:tf] lgo'lQm kq a'lemlnPsf]
ldltn] af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s k}+tL; lbgleq ;DalGwt sd{rf/Ln] axfnL ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ cfÇgf] sfa' aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt k/]sf] ;k|df0f hfgsf/L lbPdf afx]s pklgod
-@_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq axfnL gug]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] lgo'lQmkq lgo'lQm lbg]
clwsf/Ln] /2 ug{ ;Sg]5 . To;/L lgo'lQm kq /2 ul/Psf] hfgsf/L nf]s ;]jf cfof]unfO{
lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ /fhkq cglÍt tyf >]0fLljxLg sd{rf/LnfO{ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lbOg]
lgo'lQmkqdf P]gsf] bkmf !* sf] pkbkmf -&_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu /fhkq cgls+t k|yd
>]0fLsf] kbsf] xsdf nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] l;kmfl/; u/]sf] ljsf; If]qdf / cGo /fhkq
cgls+t tyf >]0fLljxLg kbsf] xsdf nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] l;kmfl/; u/]sf] c~rndf kf“r
jif{ cjlw k"/f x'g] ldlt ;d]t pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
!*= sa'lnot u/fpg] jf wg hdfgL lng] M s'g} lghfdtL kbdf lgo'lQm kfpg] sd{rf/Lsf]
sfdsf] k|s[lt cg';f/ wg hdfgL lng' jf sa'lnot u/fpg' kg]{ cfjZostf ePdf ;f]
sd{rf/Ln] To:tf] sa'lnot jf wg hdfgL glbP;Dd lghnfO{ lgo'lQmkq lbOg] 5}g .
!(= lg/f]lutfsf] k|df0fkq k]z ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ s'g} klg JolQmn] cg';"rL–% adf]lhd lg/f]lutfsf]
k|df0fkq k]z gu/L lghnfO{ lghfdtL kbdf :yfoL lgo'lQm ul/g]
5}g .

13
-@_ lg/f]lutfsf] k|df0fkq g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f :jLs[t lrlsT;saf6 k|fKt ePsf] x'g'
kg]{5 .
@)= zky u|x0f M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf !$ adf]lhd lgo'Qm x'g] k|To]s lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cg';"rL–
^ adf]lhd zky u|x0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd zky u|x0f u/fp“bf /fhkqfl°t kbsf] xsdf ;DalGwt
dGqfnosf] ;lrjn] / /fhkq cgl°t kb tyf >]0fLljxLg kbsf] xsdf clVtof/jfnfn]
zky u|x0f u/fpg]5 .
-#_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] u/]sf] zky u|x0fsf] Ps k|lt lghfdtL lstfavfgfdf
k7fpg' kg]{5 / csf]{ k|lt ;f] sd{rf/L sfo{/t /x]sf] sfof{nodf /fVg' kg]{5 .
@!= ;]jfaf6 x6fOPsf sd{rf/Ln] ;kmfO{ kfPdf kb:yfkg ug]{ M -!_ ;]jfaf6 x6fOPsf s'g}
lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] s'g} cbfntsf] lg0f{oaf6 lghsf] ;]jf k'g:yf{lkt x'g] ePdf ;f]sf]
lg0f{osf] ;"rgf kfPsf] ldltn] tLg dlxgfleq ;DalGwt dGqfnodf xflh/ x'g hfg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ sf] Dofbleq xflh/ x'g ghfg] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ kb:yfkg
ul/g] 5}g .
@@= j}olQms ljj/0f kmf/fd -l;6/f]n_ / lstfa btf{ M -!_ clVtof/jfnfn] k|To]s lghfdtL
sd{rf/Lsf] cg';"rL–& adf]lhd kf“r k|lt j}olQms ljj/0f t}of/ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-!s_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] j}olQms ljj/0f of] lgodfjnL k|f/De x'“bfsf avt
sfo{/t s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ge/]sf] eP of] lgodfjnL k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] Ps
jif{leq / gof“ lgo'lQm x'g] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] lgo'lQm ePsf] Ps dlxgfleq clgjfo{ ?kdf
e/L ;Sg' kg]{5 . pQm Dofbleq klg j}olQms ljj/0f geg]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?sf] tna
/f]Ssf ul/g]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd t}of/ ul/Psf] j}olQms ljj/0fsf] Ps k|lt lstfa btf{
u/fpg lghfdtL lstfavfgfdf, Ps k|lt ;f] sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf ;d"x ;DaGwL dGqfnodf,
Ps k|lt ljefudf, Ps k|lt ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnodf / Ps k|lt ;f] sd{rf/L sfo{/t
/x]sf] sfof{nodf /fVg nufpg' kg]{5 .
 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

14
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd lghfdtL sd{rf/L axfn /x]sf] sfof{nodf /flvPsf]
j}olQms ljj/0f ;f] sd{rf/L cGoq ;?jf ePdf cljnDj ;f]xL sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd btf{sf] nflu k|fKt x'g cfPsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf]
j}olQms ljj/0f lghfdtL lstfavfgfn] btf{ u/L To:tf] sd{rf/Lsf] hGdldlt / P]gsf] bkmf
## adf]lhd clgjfo{ cjsfz x'g] ldlt ;d]t ls6fg u/L j}olQms ljj/0f k|dfl0ft u/L
/fVg' kg]{5 / o;/L hGdldlt / pd]/ k|dfl0ft ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu lghfdtL lstfavfgfn]
cfjZos k/]df ;DalGwt sd{rf/L;“u cfjZos ;Ssn k|df0fx? ;d]t k]z ug{
nufpg ;Sg]5 .
-%_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfÇgf] j}olQms ljj/0fdf s'g} ljj/0f ;dfj]z ug'{ k/]df
To:tf] ljj/0f cfÇgf] sfof{no dfkm{t lghfdtL lstfavfgfdf k7fpg' kg]{5 / To;/L k|fKt
ljj/0f lghfdtL lstfavfgfn] ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf] j}olQms ljj/0fdf ;dfj]z u/L ;f]sf]
hfgsf/L ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno tyf ;DalGwt sd{rf/L / sfof{nonfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
@#= Ps kbdf PseGbf a9L sd{rf/L :yfoL lgo'lQm ug{ gx'g] M Pp6f :yfoL kbdf Ps} ;dodf
PseGbf a9L JolQmnfO{ :yfoL lgo'lQm ug'{ x'“b}g .
@$=======================
@%= nf]s ;]jf cfof]uaf6 lgwf{l/t sfo{ljlw gk'¥ofO{ lgo'lQm ug{ gx'g] M -!_ nf]s ;]jf
cfof]uaf6 k|Tofof]lht clwsf/ adf]lhd lgo'Qm x'g] kbdf lgo'Qm ubf{ lgo'lQm ug]{
clwsf/Ln] To:tf] kbsf] ;DaGwdf lj1fkg u/L nf]s ;]jf cfof]uaf6 lgwf{l/t k|lqmof /
zt{sf] kfng ul/sg dfq lgo'Qm ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm x'g] kbdf lgwf{l/t k|lqmof / zt{sf] kfngf gu/L
lgo'lQm u/]sf] b]lvPdf =================== nf]s ;]jf cfof]uaf6 clgoldt lgo'lQm ePsf]
egL n]vL cfPdf To:tf] JolQmnfO{ Ps dlxgfleq ;f] kbaf6 x6fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm ubf{ lgwf{l/t k|lqmof / zt{sf] kfng gu/L lgo'Qm
u/]df To;/L lgo'lQm ug]{ clwsf/LnfO{ ljefuLo ;hfo ug'{ kg]{5 .
 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .
 rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .
15
kl/R5]b – $
ljz]if1 kb ;DaGwL Joj:yf
@^= ljz]if1 kb M of]Uotf, cg'ej / sfdsf] k|s[lt x]/L ljz]if1tfsf] ljsf;sf] nflu geO{ gx'g]
cj:yfdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L lghfdtL ;]jfsf]
/fhkqfl°t >]0fLsf] s'g} vf; kbnfO{ ljz]if1 kb tf]Sg ;Sg]5 . To:tf] ;"rgfdf ;f] kbnfO{
rflxg] ljz]if of]Uotf ;d]t v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
@&= ;?jf M -!_ tf]lsPsf] ;]jf, ;d"x / pk;d"xleq ;Lldt /xg] u/L ;dfg k|s[ltsf] sfd,
st{Jo ;Dkfbg ug]{ lhDd]jf/Ldf km/s gkg]{ u/L ljz]if1 kbdf /x]sf] lghfdtL
sd{rf/LnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;?jf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ;?jf ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/L cfÇgf] kb ;lxt ;?jf
x'g]5 .
@*= a9'jf M -!_ ljz]if1 kbdf /x]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] a9'jfsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ubf{ a9'jf
;ldltn] sfo{ Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df ug]{5 .
-@_ a9'jf ;ldltn] sfo{ Ifdtfsf] d"Nof°g ubf{ o; ;DaGwdf lgwf{l/t dfkb08sf]
cfwf/df ug]{5 / o:sf] nflu cfjZos 7fg]df ljz]if1 ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ ljz]if1 kbdf /x]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ dflyNnf] >]0fLdf a9'jf ubf{ sd{rf/L
axfn /x]sf] kbnfO{ g} pko'Qm bhf{ /fvL dflyNnf] >]0fLdf kl/0ft ul/g]5 . o;/L kl/0ft
ul/Psf] kb l/Qm ePkl5 :jtM z'? lgo'lQm x'g] kbdf sfod x'g]5 .
-$_ ljz]if1 kbdf /x]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/L sfo{ Ifdtfsf] d"Nof°gåf/f x'g] cGo s'g}
klg a9'jfsf] nflu pDd]bjf/ x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
-%_ Ps >]0fLaf6 csf]{ >]0fLdf a9'jf x'g axfn /x]sf] >]0fLsf] kbdf kf“r jif{ ;]jf
cjlw k'u]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
@(= ljz]if1 kb ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf M ljz]if1 kbsf ;DaGwdf o; kl/R5]bdf n]lvPb]lv
afx]s cGo ljifox? ;]jf ;d"x ;DaGwL lgodx?df tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
16
kl/R5]b – %
>]0fLljxLg tyf /fhkq cglÍt kf“rf} >]0fLsf kb ;DaGwL Joj:yf
#)=>]0fLljxLg tyf /fhkqcglÍt kf“rf}+ >]0fLsf] kb M -!_ cg'ejsf] cfwf/df ;Lk ljsf;
x'g] Ps} k|sf/sf] sfo{ k|s[lt ePsf cg';"rL–* adf]lhdsf kbx? >]0fLljxLg kb dflgg]
5g\ .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf >]0fLljxLg kbdf sfo{/t lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx? P]gsf]
bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd >]0fLdf cfj4 x'g rfx]df /fhkq cglÍt kf“rf} >]0fLdf
sfod ul/g]5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd /fhkq cglÍt kf“rf} >]0fLdf sfod x'g] lghfdtL
sd{rf/Lx?n] ;fljsdf vfO{ kfO{ cfPsf] tnj 36\g] 5}g .
-$_ /fhkq cglÍt kf“rf} >]0fLdf sfod ePsf / ;f] >]0fL tyf >]0fLljxLg kb ;lxt
P]gsf] bkmf @)s= adf]lhdsf] ;]jf cjlw k'u]sf lghfdtL sd{rf/L clgjfo{ cjsfz x'“bf
lghnfO{ ;f] bkmf adf]lhd /fhkq cglÍt t[tLo >]0fL]]sf] kbdf a9'jf u/L cjsfz lbOg]5 .
-%_ P]gsf] bkmf & sf] pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhdsf] cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffdf
/fhkq cglÍt kf“rf}+ >]0fLdf sfod ePsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx? ;d]t ;xeflu x'g
;Sg]5g\ .
#!= kbk"lt{ M -!_ >]0fLljxLg kbx?df gof“ lgo'lQmåf/f kbk"lt{ ubf{ :jLs[t tnadfgsf] z'?sf]
tna kfpg] u/L lgo'Qm ul/g]5 .
-@_ >]0fLj4 kbx? >]0fLljxLg kbdf kl/0ft ePdf ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{
ldnfg ubf{ ;fljsdf lghn] vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tnasf] cfwf/df >]0fLljxLg kbsf] nflu
:jLs[t tnadfgsf] pko'Qm / ldNbf] :yfgdf tf]lsg]5 .
#@= ;?jf M -!_ >]0fLljxLg tyf /fhkq cglÍt kf“rf}+ >]0fLsf kbdf sfo{/t lghfdtL
sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jf ;dfg k|s[ltsf] >]0fLljxLg tyf /fhkq cglÍt kf“rf}+ >]0fLsf kbdf
x'g ;Sg]5 .
17
-@_ >]0fLljxLg tyf /fhkq cglÍt kf“rf} >]0fLsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jf
dftxt sfof{nox?df eP sfof{no k|d'vn] / cGo sfof{nox?df eP ljefuLo k|d'vn]
ug{]5 .
##=:t/ j[l4 M of] lgod k|f/De eP kl5 P]gsf] bkmf @$3@= adf]lhd >]0fLljxLg lghfdtL
sd{rf/Lsf] :t/ j[l4 ubf{ ;f]xL bkmfsf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] ;]jf cjlw k"/f ePsf]
ef]lnkN6b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L :t/ j[l4 ul/g]5 .
t/ P]gsf] bkmf !*ª= adf]lhd ;hfosf] clen]v /x]sf]df ;f]sf] ;dofjlw ;dfKt
ePsf] ef]lnkN6b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L :t/ j[l4 ug'{ kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b – ^
kb:yfkg / ;?jf
#$= ======================
#$s=kb:yfkg ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf & cg';f/ v'Nnf tyf a9'jfåf/f l;kmfl/;
ePsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] z'? kb:yfkgf ubf{ To:tf sd{rf/LnfO{ l/Qm kbx?sf] hfgsf/L
u/fO{ lghx?sf] ?rL tyf rfxgfsf] k|fyldstfqmd sfod ug{ nufO{ l;kmfl/; of]Uotfqmd
cg';f/ /f]h]sf] :yfgdf kb:yfkg ul/g]5 .
t/ ;]jf k|j]z tfnLd kZrft\ kb:yfkgf x'g] sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf To:tf] tfnLd lbg]
;+:yfaf6 k|fKt tfnLdsf] of]Uotfqmd ;d]tnfO{ cfwf/ lng ;lsg]5 .
-@_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;xdlt lnO{ kb:yfkg ug'{ kg]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf]
nflu ;DalGwt dGqfnon] kb:yfkgsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ubf{ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf ljifo
;d]t v'nfO{ k7fpg' kg]{5 .
 -#_ o; lgod adf]lhd kb:yfkg eO{ xflh/ x'g cfPsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{
;DalGwt sfof{nosf] k|d'vn] xflh/ u/fO{ ;ft lbgleq sfo{ ljj/0f ;lxt lhDd]jf/L tf]Sg'
kg]{5 . To:tf] cjlwleq lhDd]jf/L gtf]Sg] ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'vnfO{ P]gsf] bkmf %%s=
adf]lhd ;'kl/j]Ifsn] r]tfjgL lbg]5 .

18
#$v=sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;Demf}tf ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf !% sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd
cg';"rL–*s= df plNnlvt kbflwsf/L;“u sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;Demf}tf ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf
kbflwsf/Lx?n] ug{ ;Sg]5g\ M–
-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] s]Gb|Lo:t/sf ljefusf] ljefuLo k|d'v jf ljefu:t/sf]
sfof{no k|d'vsf] xsdf ;DalGwt dGqfnosf ;lrj / ljefuLo k|d'v jf
ljefu:t/Lo sfof{no k|d'v aLrdf,
-v_ cfof]hgf k|d'vsf] xsdf dGqfno cGtu{tsf] cfof]hgf ePdf ;DalGwt
dGqfnosf] ;lrj / cfof]hgf k|d'v aLrdf, ljefu cGtu{tsf] cfof]hgf
ePdf ;DalGwt ljefusf] ljefuLo k|d'v / cfof]hgf k|d'v aLrdf tyf
sfof{no cGtu{tsf] cfof]hgf ePdf ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'v / cfof]hgf
k|d'v aLrdf,
-u_ sfof{no k|d'vsf] xsdf ;DalGwt ljefusf] ljefuLo k|d'v / sfof{no k|d'v
aLrdf tyf ljefu g/x]sf sfof{nosf] xsdf ;DalGwt dGqfnosf] ;lrj /
sfof{no k|d'v aLrdf .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;Demf}tfdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf s'/fx?
v'nfOPsf] x'g' kg]{5 M–
-s_ ljefu jf cfof]hgf jf sfof{nosf] nIo,
-v_ nIo xfl;n ug{sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ jh]6, hgzlQm / cGo ;fwg ;|f]t,
-u_ nIo xfl;n ug]{ ;do l;df,
-3_ k|fKt x'g' kg]{ glthf jf ck]lIft pknlJw,
-ª_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍgsf] ;"rsfÍ,
-r_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;Demf}tf /2 ug{ ;lsg] cj:yfx?,
-5_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu cfjZos clwsf/x?,
-h_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;Demf}tfsf zt{x?,
-em_ cGo cfjZos s'/fx? .
-#_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;Demf}tf cg';f/sf] sfo{ eP gePsf] af/]df ;DalGwt dGqfno /
ljefun] lgoldt ?kdf cg'udg ug]{5 .
19
-$_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] sfdsf] jflif{s ;ldIff ug{sf nflu ;DalGwt
dGqfnosf] ;+of]hsTjdf cy{ dGqfno, ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno, ;DalGwt dGqfno /
/fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf k|ltlglw /x]sf] Ps ;ldlt /xg]5 .
-%_ cfˆgf] sfa' aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt k/]df afx]s sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;Demf}tf adf]lhd
pQd ?kdf sfd ;DkGg ug{ g;s]df To:tf] ljefuLo k|d'v jf cfof]hgf k|d'v jf sfof{no
k|d'vnfO{ b'O{ jif{;Dd s'g} klg k|d'v kbsf] ljz]if lhDd]jf/L lbOg] 5}g .
-^_ ljefuLo k|d'v jf cfof]hgf k|d'v jf sfof{no k|d'vn] Ps k6s eGbf a9L
pklgod -%_ adf]lhd sfd ;DkGg ug{ g;s]df lghnfO{ P]gsf] bkmf %( sf] v08 -s_
adf]lhd ljefuLo ;hfo x'g]5 .
t/ pklgod -%_ adf]lhd Ps k6s ljz]if lhDd]jf/Lsf] kbaf6 x6]sf] lghfdtL
sd{rf/Ln] lglZrt ;do kl5 k'gM To:tf] lhDd]jf/L k|fKt u/L ;Gtf]ifhgs sfo{ k|ult
b]vfPdf o; lgod adf]lhdsf] ljefuLo ;hfosf] cfwf/sf] ?kdf ;f] eGbf klxn]sf] ljz]if
lhDd]jf/L kfPsf] cjlwsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] k|ultsf] Go"gtfnfO{ u0fgf ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
-&_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;Demf}tfsf zt{x? / jflif{s ;ldIffsf] ljj/0f To:tf] sfo{ ;DkGg
ePsf] Ps dlxgfleq ;fj{hlgs ug'{ kg]{5 .
-*_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;Demf}tf k|0ffnL nfu" ePsf] lgsfosf] ljefuLo k|d'v, sfof{no
k|d'v jf cfof]hgf k|d'vdf kb:yfkg ubf{ ;DefJo lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?dWo]af6 To:tf]
lgsfosf] b'O{ jif{sf] /0fgLlts of]hgf / sfo{ ;~rfng ;DaGwL of]hgf Pj+ ck]lIft
pknlAw ;lxt sfo{of]hgf k]z ug{ nufO{ pTs[i6 of]hgf k]z ug]{ sd{rf/LnfO{ pklgod -
$_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df pklgod -!_ sf] kbflwsf/L;“u sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;Demf}tf
u/L pQm kbdf kb:yfkg ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-(_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;Demf}tfnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfjZostf cg';f/
lgb]{lzsf agfO{ hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
#$u=cltl/Qm ;d"x ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf !*3= sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd
kmflhndf /x]sf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] b/jGbL ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] cltl/Qm ;d"xdf
/x]sf] ePdf To:tf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] vl6Ps} sfof{noaf6 tnj
eQf vfg] u/L cGo lgsfodf sfdsfh ug{ v6fpg ;Sg]5 .
20
-@_ P]gsf] bkmf !*s= sf] pkbkmf -@_ / pkbkmf -@s_ adf]lhd ;fdfGo k|zf;g
dGqfnon]] sfhdf v6fPsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] b/jGbL cltl/Qm ;d"xdf ;fg{ ;lsg]5 .
-#_ s'g} kbdf kbk"lt{sf] dfu ubf{ cltl/Qm ;d"xdf /x]sf sd{rf/Lsf] ;+Vof s§L u/]/
dfq dfu ug'{ kg]{5 .
#%= … … … … …
#^= ;?jfsf] ;do tflnsf / ;?jfsf cfwf/x? M– -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?nfO{{ P]gsf] bkmf
!* cg';f/ ;?jf ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;do tflnsf cg';f/ ug'{ kg]{5 M–
 -s_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] k|To]s jif{sf] ebf} Ps ut]b]lv ebf}
d;fGtleqdf,
 -v_ dGqfno jf dGqfno :t/sf] s]Gb|Lo lgsfo jf ljefun] k|To]s jif{sf]
c;f]h Ps ut]b]lv c;f]h kGw| ut]leqdf,
 -u_ If]qLo :t/sf lgsfox?n] k|To]s jif{sf] c;f]h ;f]x| ut]b]lv c;f]h
d;fGtleq .
t/ s'g} sfof{nodf l/Qm x'g uPsf] kbdf tf]lsPsf] ;do tflnsf
afx]ssf] ;dodf ;?jf ug'{ k/]df ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;xdlt lnO{
;?jf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
 -!s_ ==============
-@_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jf b]xfo adf]lhd ul/g]5 M–
-s_ /fhkqflÍt ljlzi6 >]0fL / /fhkqfl°t k|yd >]0fLsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf
xsdf g]kfn ;/sf/ dlGqkl/ifb\\sf] lg0f{oaf6,
t/ /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ Pp6} dGqfno
cGtu{tsf lgsfodf ;?jf ubf{ ;DalGwt ljefuLo dGqL:t/sf] lg0f{oaf6
;?jf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-v_ /fhkqflÍt låtLo / t[tLo >]0fLsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jf ;DalGwt
s]Gb|Lo lgsfosf /fhkqflÍt ljlzi6 >]0fLsf ;lrj:t/sf] lg0f{oaf6 .

 rf]wf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
21
t/ s'g} ljefu cGtu{t sfo{/t /fhkqfl°t t[tLo >]0fL;Ddsf

sd{rf/LnfO{ ;f]xL ljefu cGtu{t ;DalGwt ljefuLo k|d'v:t/sf] lg0f{oaf6
;?jf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-u_ /fhkq cglÍt tyf >]0fLljxLg lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jf ;DalGwt
s]Gb|Lo lgsfosf] sd{rf/L k|zf;g x]g]{ /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf] ;x–
;lrj:t/sf] lg0f{oaf6 .
-3_ v08 -u_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg Ps} ljefu jf cGtu{tsf
/fhkq cglÍt Pj+ >]0fLljxLg sd{rf/LnfO{ ;f]xL ljefu jf cGtu{ts} cGo
lgsfodf ;?jf ug'{ kbf{ ;DalGwt ljefuLo k|d'v:t/sf] lg0f{oaf6 .
-#_ krf; jif{ pd]/ k'u]sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ lghn] dfu]df afx]s æsÆ ju{sf] ef}uf]lns
If]qdf ;?jf ul/g] 5}g .
-$_ /fhkq cglÍt / >]0fLljxLg lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ 3/ kfossf] lhNnfdf ;?jf
ug{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .
-%_ 3/ kfossf] lhNnfl:yt sfof{nodf sfo{/t /fhkq cglÍt tyf >]0fLljxLg
lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ lghx?n] :j]R5fn] lgj]bg lbPsf] cj:yfdf jf lghsf] sfo{
;Dkfbgsf] k|ult /fd|f] gePsf] 7f]; k|df0f b]lvPsf] jf lghn] cg'zf;gxLg / clgoldt
sfo{ u/]sf] k|dfl0ft ePsf] cj:yfdf afx]s csf]{ lhNnfdf ;?jf ul/g] 5}g .
-^_ pd]/sf] sf/0faf6 clgjfo{ cjsfz x'g Ps jif{ jf ;f] eGbf sd cjlw af“sL
/x]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ lghn] dfu]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s ;?jf ul/g] 5}g .
-&_ P]gsf] bkmf !* sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] cjlw gk'uL ;fdfGo k|zf;g
dGqfnon] s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jf ug'{ kbf{ ;f] bkmfsf] pkbkmf -$_ df plNnlvt
cfwf/df dfq ;?jf ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L ;?jf ubf{ cjlw gk'uL ;?jf ug'{sf] cfwf/ ;?jf
kqdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L cjlw gk'uL ;?jf ul/Psf]df cjlw gk'Ub} ;?jf ug'{sf]
:ki6 sf/0f vf]nL ;?jf ;DaGwL ljj/0f k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\\sf] sfof{nodf k7fpg'
kg]{5 .
-*_ P]gsf] bkmf !* sf] pkbkmf -$_ sf] v08 -3_ cg';f/ sfof{nodf /fvL /fVg
pko'Qm gePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;?jf ubf{ lghsf] s'g sfd / cfr/0faf6 ;f]
sfof{nodf /fvL /fVg pko'Qm gePsf] xf] ;f]sf] :ki6 sf/0f ;lxt ;DalGwt sfof{no
22
k|d'vaf6 n]vL cfPkl5 ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;xdlt lnO{ clVtof/jfnfn] ;?jf ug'{
kg]{5 .
-(_ P]gsf] bkmf !* sf] pkbkmf -$_ sf] v08 -v_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ljz]if
lhDd]jf/L lbgsf] nflu ;?jf ug{ ;xdlt dfu ubf{ ljefuLo k|d'v jf sfof{no k|d'v jf
cfof]hgf k|d'vsf] lhDd]jf/L lbg' kg]{ cj:yf ePsf] Joxf]/f pNn]v u/L ;xdlt dfu ePsf]
x'g' kg]{5 .
 -!)_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ cjlw gk'Ub} ;?jf ug{ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf]
;xdlt dfu ePsf]df To:tf] ;xdltsf nflu kq k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq ;fdfGo
k|zf;g dGqfnon] ;f] ;DaGwdf lg0f{o u/L ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ lnlvt hfgsf/L lbg'
kg]{5 .
-!!_ o; lgoddf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} lgsfo jf cGtu{tsf]
s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] Psk6s ;?jf eO{ cjlw k"/f eP kl5 pklgod -!_ adf]lhd
;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] ;?jf ug]{ tflnsf cg';f/sf] Ps cjlw k"/f geO{ ;f] lgsfon]
k'gM To:tf] sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jf ug{] 5}g .
-!@_ o; lgoddf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg dGqfno jf ljefu jf
s]Gb|Lo lgsfo jf If]qLo sfof{no jf lhNnf:t/Lo sfof{nosf] k|d'v eO{ ;s]sf] lghfdtL
sd{rf/LnfO{ lghn] :j]R5fn] dfu u/]sf]df afx]s ;dfg >]0fLsf] kbdf ;f] eGbf tNnf]
lgsfo jf sfof{nodf ;?jf ul/g] 5}g .
t/ sfod d'sfod jf lgldQ eO{ sfd u/]sf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf of] k|fjwfg
nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-!#_ o; lgoddf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} klg lghfdtL
sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo ;hfo eO{ ;f] cjlw ;dfKt gePsf] jf lghn] :j]R5fn] dfu]sf]
cj:yfdf afx]s c? cj:yfdf lgh eGbf slgi7 sd{rf/Lsf] dftxtdf /xg] u/L ;?jf jf
kb:yfkg ul/g] 5}g .
-!$_ o; lgoddf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} l/Qm /fhkq cgl°t
tyf >]0fL ljlxg kb k"lt{sf] nflu dfu cfs[lt kmf/fd e/L k7fO;s] kl5 To:tf] kbdf
;?jf u/L kbk"lt{ ul/g] 5}g .
23
 -!$s_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jf P]g tyf o; lgodfjnL ljk/Lt ePdf
To:tf] sd{rf/Ln] ;?jfsf] lg0f{o ePsf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon]
u/]sf] ;?jf eP k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{nodf / cGo lgsfon] u/]sf] ;?jf
eP ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnodf ph'/L lbg ;Sg]5 .
-!%_ o; lgod adf]lhd lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jf ug]{ jf ;f]sf] ;xdlt lbg]
lgsfon] ;f]sf] dfkb08 agfO{ ;f] cg';f/ lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!^_ pklgod -!%_ adf]lhd ag]sf] dfkb08 ;fj{hlgs ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!&_ ;?jf dfu ug]{ lgj]bgkqsf] 9f“rf cg';"rL–( adf]lhd x'g]5 .
#^s=cjlw gk'Ub} ;?jf ul/Pdf lbOg] ;'ljwf M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf !* sf] pkbkmf -#_
adf]lhdsf] cjlw gk'Ub} s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;?jf ul/Pdf ;f]xL bkmfsf] pkbkmf -
*_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ gof“ 7fp“df jGbf]j:t ug{sf] nflu lghn]
vfOkfO{ cfPsf] Ps dlxgfsf] tna a/fa/sf] /sd lbO{g]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] /sd To:tf] lghfdtL sd{rf/L sfo{/t ;fljssf]
sfof{noaf6 g} e'QmfgL lbOg]5 .
-#_ P]gsf] bkmf !* sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] cjlw gk'Ub} s'g} lghfdtL
sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jf ubf{ P]gsf] bkmf !* sf] pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhdsf] gof“ 7fp“df aGbf]j:t
ug{sf] nflu /sd kfpg] jf gkfpg] ljifo ;?jfkqdf g} :ki6 ?kdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 /
o; lgod adf]lhdsf] /sd dfu ubf{ ;?jfkqsf] k|ltlnlk ;d]t k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
#&= ;?jf ;DaGwL ljj/0f M lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;?jf ug]{ clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln]
cg';"rL–!) adf]lhd lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;?jf ;DaGwL ljj/0f tof/ u/L ;fdfGo
k|zf;g dGqfno / lghfdtL lstfavfgfdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
#*= ;?jf ug]{ sfo{ljlw M -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jfsf] nflu clVtof/jfnfn] cg';"rL–!!
adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f cBfjlws u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
-@_ lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;?jf ubf{ b]xfosf sfo{ljlw ckgfpg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ Ps 7fp“af6 csf]{ 7fp“df ;?jf ubf{ sd{rf/L sfo{/t
sfof{no / ef}uf]lns If]q, sfo{/t cjlw, ;?jf k|:tfj ul/Psf] sfof{no /
24
ef}uf]lns If]q, ;?jf cjlw tyf ;?jf ug'{ kg]{ sf/0f ;d]t ;?jf ug]{
lg0f{odf v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
-v_ lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;?jf ug]{ lg0f{o eP kl5 ;?jf x'g] sd{rf/LnfO{
o:tf] lg0f{o ePsf] tLg lbgleq cg';"rL–!!s= adf]lhdsf] ;?jfkq hf/L
ul/ ;Sg' kg]{5 . o:tf] ;?jfkq k|fKt eP kl5 ;DalGwt sfof{non] lgod
$) adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq cg';"rL–!@ adf]lhdsf] /dfgfkq lbg' kg]{5 .
-u_ ;?jf ePsf] s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ v08 -v_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq
/dfgf glbO{ lgh ;?jf eO{ ;s]sf] sfof{noaf6 tnj eQf e'QmfgL lbPdf
/dfgf lbg' kg]{ Dofb eGbf a9L cjlwsf] To:tf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] vfPsf]
tnj eQf ;d]t To;/L /dfgf glbO{ tnjeQf v'jfpg] sfof{no k|d'v /
n]vf k|d'vaf6 c;'n pk/ ul/g]5 .
-3_ v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] k|lqmof gk'¥ofO{ ;?jf ug]{ clVtof/jfnfnfO{ ljefuLo
;hfo ul/g]5 .
#(=;?jf ePsf] sfof{nodf hfg' kg]{ M s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;?jf ePsf] sfof{nodf
/dfgfkqdf tf]lsPsf] ;doleq xflh/ x'g hfg' kg]{5 . s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{
;?jf ePsf] sfof{nodf xflh/ geO{ csf]{ kb jf sfof{nodf ;?jf ul/g] 5}g . o;/L
lgwf{l/t ;doleq xflh/ x'g ghfg] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo sf/afxL x'g]5 .
$)= axfnL Dofb M -!_ Ps :yfgaf6 csf]{ :yfgdf hfg' kg]{ eO{ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jf
ePdf To:tf] sd{rf/Ln] a/a'emf/ysf] lgldQ PSsfO{; lbgdf ga9fO{ tyf tof/Lsf] lgldQ
af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s ;ft lbgsf] Dofb kfpg]5 / tof/L Dofbdf lghn] sfof{nodf xflh/
x'g' kg]{ 5}g . a/a'emf/ysf] lgldQ PSsfO{; lbgeGbf a9L nfUg] ePdf To;sf] :ki6 sf/0f
vf]nL ;DalGwt ;lrjaf6 a9Ldf Ps dlxgf;Dd a/a'emf/ysf] nflu Dofb yk x'g
;Sg]5 .
-@_ =======================

 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .
25
$!=;?jf x'g] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] k|ltj]bg a'emfpg' kg]{ M -!_ s'g} sfof{nosf] k|d'v csf]{
sfof{nodf ;?jf x'“bf lghn] cfˆgf] lhDdfsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fdx¿, n]vf,
a]?h' km5\of}{6 / af“sLsf] ljj/0f, uf]Ko sfuhftx¿, k]ZsLsf] l:ylt / sfof{nosf] km5\of}{6
ug{ af“sL sfo{x¿sf] k|fyldstf :ki6 b]lvg] u/L ljj/0f tof/ u/L xfnjfnfnfO{ jf lgh
geP lgs6td Ho]i7 lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ sfof{no k|d'v afx]ssf cGo lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jf x'“bf lghn] cfkm\gf]
lhDdfdf /x]sf] af“sL jSof}tf, sfof{nosf] km5\of}{6 ug{ af“sL sfo{x¿sf] k|fyldstf :ki6
b]lvg] ljj/0f / cfˆgf] sfo{ ljj/0f cg';f/sf] sfd ;DaGwL ljj/0f tof/ u/L sfof{no
k|d'vn] tf]s]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ a'emfpg' kg{]5 .
t/ sfa' aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt k/L ;dodf ljj/0f a'emfpg g;s]df ;?jf ePsf]
sfof{nodf xflh/ ePsf] ;ft lbgleq ljj/0f tof/ u/L ;fljs sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd k|ltj]bg ga'emfpg] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{
clVtof/jfnfn] ljefuLo ;hfo ug{]5 .
kl/R5]b – &
sfh / sfod d'sfod ;DaGwL Joj:yf
$@==================
$@s=sfh v6fpg] ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf !*s= adf]lhd lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{
lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kb gePsf] lgsfodf / :jLs[t c:yfoL b/jGbLdf sfhdf v6fpg
b]xfosf s'/fx? v'nfO{ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;xdlt dfu ug{' kg{]5 M–
-s_ sfhdf v6fpg k|:tfj ul/Psf] lgsfodf k|:tfljt lghfdtL sd{rf/L g}
v6fpg' kg{] j:t'lgi7 sf/0f,
-v_ sfh vl6g] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] vl6g] sfof{noaf6 lgodfg';f/ kfpg]
tnj eQf afx]s cGo ;'ljwf kfpg] ePdf s] s] ;'ljwf kfpg] xf] ;f]sf]
ljj/0f,

26
-u_ sfh v6fpg ;xdlt dfu ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/L / ;f] ;/xsf cGo
lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{bIftf, sfo{ cg'ej, z}lIfs of]Uotf, h]i7tf,
tfnLd nufotsf ljj/0fsf] cfwf/df lghnfO{ g} sfh v6fpg pko'Qm
b]lvg'sf] sf/0f,
-3_ sfh vl6g] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] u/L cfPsf] sfdsfh ;DxfNg] a}slNks
Joj:yf .
-@_ c:yfoL b/jGbLsf] xsdf pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ;xdlt dfu ubf{ h'g :t/sf]
c:yfoL b/aGbL :jLs[t ePsf] xf] ;f]xL :t/sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/L sfh v6fpg ;xdlt dfu
ul/Psf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-#_ o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] sfhdf v6fpg] ;xdlt lb“bf
pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] zt{ k"/f ePsf] 5 jf 5}g / of]Uo / OR5's lghfdtL
sd{rf/Lx?dWo] h]i7td sd{rf/LnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ sfhdf v6fpg] ;xdlt dfu ePsf] 5
jf 5}g eGg] s'/f x]/L ;f] cg'?k ePsf] b]lvPdf ;xdlt dfu ePsf] Ps dlxgfleq cjlw
tf]lsPsf] cfof]hgf afx]ssf cGo cfof]hgfdf Ps cfly{s jif{sf] cGTo;Ddsf nflu dfq
;xdlt lbg]5 .
-$_ Ps dGqfno, ;lrjfno, cfof]u cGtu{tsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ P]gsf] bkmf
!*s=sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd csf]{ dGqfno, ;lrjfno, cfof]u cGtu{tsf] lgsfodf sfh
v6fpg' kg]{ ePdf sfh v6fpg' kg]{ lgsfo;“u ;DalGwt s]Gb|Lo lgsfosf] cg'/f]wdf
;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;xdlt lnO{ lghfdtL sd{rf/L sfo{/t lgsfo;“u ;DalGwt
s]Gb|Lo lgsfon] sfh v6fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ P]gsf] bkmf !*s= sf] pkbkmf -@s_ adf]lhd :yfoL k|s[ltsf cfof]u jf
;ldltdf sfh v6fp“bf lghfdtL ;]jfsf] b/jGbL gePsf cfof]u tyf ;ldltdf dfq sfh
v6fOg]5 .
-^_ pklgod -%_ adf]lhd sfh v6fp“bf ;DalGwt cfof]u jf ;ldltaf6 lghfdtL
sd{rf/L dfu u/]sf] ljj/0f ;lxt sd{rf/L sfo{/t lgsfosf] s]Gb|Lo lgsfon] ;fdfGo
k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;xdlt lnO{ v6fpg' kg]{5 .
 cf7f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
27
$@v= :yfgLo lgsfodf sfh v6fpg] ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf !*s= sf] pkbkmf -$_
adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/sf lhNnf:t/Lo sfof{nox? :yfgLo lgsfodf x:tfGt/0f x'“bf
lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhd sfhdf v6fOg]5 M–
-s_ lhNnf:t/Lo sfof{no :yfgLo lgsfodf x:tfGt/0f x'“bf x:tfGt/0f ePsf]
sfof{nodf lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x ;~rfng ug]{
dGqfno jf lgsfon] sfhdf v6fpg ;Sg]5 . o;/L sfhdf v6fOPsf
sd{rf/Lx?sf] kbflwsf/ ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x ;~rfng ug]{ lgsfosf]
k"n b/jGbLdf /xg]5 .
-v_ v08 -s_ adf]lhd k'n b/jGbLdf kbflwsf/ /x]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] kb
h'g;'s} sf/0fn] k'n b/jGbLdf g/x]df To:tf] k'n b/jGbL :jtM vf/]h x'g]5
.
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd sfhdf vl6Psf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] lghsf] ;]jf, ;d"x
;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd kfpg] tnj, eQf ;DalGwt :yfgLo lgsfon] g} Joxf]g]{5 .
To:tf] tnj, eQf afx]ssf] cGo ;'ljwfsf ;DaGwdf To:tf :yfgLo lgsfosf] lgod cg';f/
x'g]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd sfhdf vl6Psf lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;]jf, ;d"x jf
pk;d"x ;~rfng ug]{ dGqfno jf lgsfon] cGo sfof{nodf ;?jf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ s'g} :yfgLo lgsfodf sfo{/t s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;f] lgsfodf /fvL /fVg
pko'Qm gePsf] egL dgfl;j dflkmssf] sf/0f b]vfO{ ;DalGwt :yfgLo lgsfon] lghsf]
b/jGbL /x]sf] dGqfno jf s]Gb|Lo lgsfodf n]vL k7fPdf To:tf] dGqfno jf s]Gb|Lo
lgsfon] lghsf] sfh lkmtf{ u/L ;f] :yfgdf csf]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/L v6fO{ k7fpg ;Sg]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; lgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ælhNnf:t/Lo sfof{noÆ eGgfn] ufp“, gu/
jf Onfsf:t/sf sfof{no ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 .
$#= sfod d'sfod d's// ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ b]xfosf kbx?df b]xfosf clwsf/Ln] sfod
d'sfod d's// ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ ljefuLo k|d'vsf] kbdf g]kfn ;/sf/,
28
t/ ;+j}wflgs c+usf sfof{nosf ljefuLo k|d'vsf] ;DaGwdf cGoyf

Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s ;+j}wflgs c+usf] k|d'v,
-v_ sfof{no k|d'v / OsfO sfof{no k|d'vsf] kbsf] lgldQ ;DalGwt ljefuLo
k|d'v,
-u_ ;/sf/L jsLn kbdf ;/sf/L jsLn ;DaGwL lgoddf tf]lsPsf] clwsf/L,
-3_ /fhZj GofofwLs/0f / k|zf;sLo cbfntsf] cWoIfsf] kbdf k|wfg
GofofwLzsf] k/fdz{ lnO{ g]kfn ;/sf/ .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df n]lvPb]lv afx]s cGo lghfdtL kbdf sfod d'sfod d's//
ul/g] 5}g .
$$= Ps kbdf PseGbf a9L JolQm sfod d'sfod gx'g] M s'g} Pp6f lghfdtL kbdf Ps}
;dodf ============== PseGbf a9L lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ sfod d'sfod d's// ug'{
x'“b}g .
$%= sfod d'sfod d's// u/]sf] hfgsf/L M P]gsf] bkmf !# adf]lhd s'g} lghfdtL kbdf
sfod d'sfod d's// ul/Psf]df To;sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt dGqfno / ;fdfGo k|zf;g
dGqfnonfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
$^= sfof{no k|d'vsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug]{ M -!_ s'g} sfof{nosf] k|d'v la/fdL eO{ jf cGo s'g}
sf/0fn] 5f]6f] cjlwsf] nflu cg'kl:yt ePdf lgh dftxtsf] b/jGbL jf ljz]if
b/jGbLleqsf] jf l/Qm b/jGbLdf sfhdf vl6Psf] sd{rf/LdWo] lgs6td Ho]i7 lghfdtL
sd{rf/Ln] lghsf] lgldQ hgfO{ b}lgs sfo{ ;~rfng ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ l/Qm /x]sf] s'g} sfof{nosf] k|d'vsf] kbdf xfnjfnf lgo'Qm jf ;?jf
geP;Ddsf] cjlwsf] nflu pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] h]i7 sd{rf/Ln] ;f] sfof{nosf] gubL
df}Hbft, sfof{nosf] 5fk, sfuhkq / b}lgs sfd rnfpgsf nflu rflxg] lhG;L ;d]t
lhDdf lnO{ sfof{no k|d'vsf] sfd csf]{ Joj:yf geP;Dd lgldQ eO{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] cj:yf k/L sfd u/]sf] Joxf]/f To:tf] lgldQ eO{ sfd
ug]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfkm"eGbf dflyNnf] txdf ;"rgf ug'{ kg]{5 .

29
-$_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] s'g} kbdf sfod d'sfod eO{ sfd u/]sf] jf pklgod
-!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd lgldQ eO{ sfd u/]sf]df To; kbdf sfd u/]sf] cjlwsf] axL -
lx;fa_ a'emfpg] s'/fdf ;d]t lghsf] pQ/bfloTj x'g]5 .
t/ jif{e/sf] axL a'emfpg' kg]{df xfnjfnfn] jxfnL ul/;s]sf] jif{sf] xfnjfnfn] /
xfnjfnfn] axfn gu/]sf] jif{sf] sfod d'sfod jf lgldQ eO{ sfd ug]{n] a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
$&= sfod d'sfod jf lgldQ eO{ sfd u/]sf] tna eQf kfpg] M -!_ s'g} kbdf sfod d'sfod
eO{ jf kGw« lbg eGbf a9L cjlw lgldQ eO{ sfd u/]sf]df To;/L sfd ug]{ lghfdtL
sd{rf/Ln] h'g kbsf] sfd u/]sf] 5 ;f]xL kbsf] tna eQf To;/L sfd u/]sf] ldltb]lv
kfpg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd sfod d'sfod jf lgldQ eO{ sfd ug]{ lghfdtL
sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] tna eQf lghn] Ps >]0fL dflysf] kbdf a9'jf kfPdf kfpg] tna
eQfeGbf a9L x'g] 5}g .
t/ To;/L kfpg] tna eQfsf] /sd lghn] vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tna eQfeGbf 36L x'g]
5}g .
$*= ====================
kl/R5]b – *
cWoog / tfnLddf dgf]gog ;DaGwL Joj:yf
$(= cWoog, tfnLd jf cWoog e|d0fsf] lgldQ dgf]gogsf] cfwf/x? M cWoog, tfnLd jf
cWoog e|d0fsf] lgldQ lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ dgf]gog ubf{ ;DalGwt dGqfnon] ;]jf,
;d"x jf pk;d"xleqsf dGqfno / cGtu{tsf sd{rf/LdWo]af6 b]xfosf] cfwf/df dgf]gog
ul/g]5 M–
-s_ cWoog, tfnLd jf cWoog e|d0fsf] ljifo ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/L sfo{/t
/x]sf] ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xsf] lgldQ pkof]uL / cfjZos ePsf] .
-v_ cWoog, tfnLd jf cWoog e|d0fsf] nflu k|fKt 5fqj[lQdf dgf]gogsf] nflu
tf]lsPsf] cfjZostfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ P]gsf] bkmf @$ adf]lhd z}lIfs
30
of]Uotf, h]i7tf, ef}uf]lns If]qdf sfd u/]sf] cg'ej / sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"Nof°g
afkt a9L c° kfpg] lghfdtL sd{rf/LdWo] k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df .
 -u_ cWoogsf] xsdf tLg jif{ :yfoL ;]jf cjlw k"/f ePsf] .
-3_ :gfts, :gftsf]Q/ jf s'g} z}lIfs pkflwsf] cWoogsf] xsdf k}+tfnL; jif{ pd]/
ggf3]sf] .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; kl/R5]bsf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ –
-!_ æcWoogÆ eGgfn] ;]jf;“u ;DalGwt ljifodf :gfts, :gftsf]Q/ jf s'g}
z}lIfs pkflw xfl;n ug{sf] lgldQ ul/g] cWoognfO{ hgfPsf] dflgg]5 .
-@_ ætfnLdÆ eGgfn] :gfts, :gftsf]Q/ jf s'g} z}lIfs pkflw k|bfg ul/g]
afx]s s'g} ;+ul7t ;+:yfåf/f lglZrt kf7\oqmd cg';f/ lglZrt cjlwdf
;~rfng x'g] k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdnfO{ hgfPsf] dflgg]5 .
-#_ æcWoog e|d0fÆ eGgfn] cWoog / tfnLd afx]s ^ xKtfdf ga9\g] u/L
cfof]hgf x'g] uf]i7L, ;]ldgf/ jf cjnf]sg e|d0fnfO{ hgfPsf] dflgg]5 .
%)=dgf]gog ubf{ k|fyldstf lbg' kg]{ M -!_ ljb]zdf cWoog, tfnLd jf cWoog e|d0fsf]
lgldQ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] dgf]gog ubf{ lgod $( sf] cwLgdf /xL b]xfo adf]lhd
dgf]gog ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ j}b]lzs cWoog ug]{, tfnLd lng] jf cWoog e|d0f ug{ klxn] df}sf
gkfPsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{,
-v_ ;a} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?n] klxn] df}sf kfO{ ;s]sf] ePdf o;/L cWoog,
tfnLd jf cWoog e|d0f k"/f u/L ;s]kl5 ;DalGwt lgsfodf ;a} eGbf
a9L ;do Joltt u/]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{,
-u_ v08 -s_ / -v_ adf]lhd dgf]gogsf nflu qmd lgwf{/0f x'g g;s]df Pp6}
kbdf ;a} eGbf a9L ;]jf cjlw ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ .
t/ s'g} vf; of]Uotf / pd]/ g} cfjZos kg]{ egL pNn]v eO{ cfPsf]
ljifodf To:tf] of]Uotf / pd]/ x'g] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] aLrdf dfq v08 -
s_ / -v_ cg'?k dgf]gog ug'{ kg]{5 .

31
-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] dgf]gog ug'{ kg]{ tfnLd jf cWoog e|d0fdf efu lng s'g}
lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] gfddf cfdGq0f cfP klg ;DalGwt lgsfon] pklgod -!_ cg'?k g}
dgf]gog ug{' kg{]5 .
t/ cfof]hgf ljz]if;“u ;DalGwt l;6sf] nflu ;f]xL cfof]hgfleqaf6 pklgod -!_
adf]lhd dgf]gog ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-#_ o; lgodfjnLdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cfk"m sfo{/t ;]jf,
;d"x jf pk;d"xsf] nflu pkof]uL / cfjZos x'g] ljifodf ljleGg d'n's jf g]kfn ;b:o
/x]sf cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfaf6 5fqj[lQ k|fKt ug]{ u/L g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lnO{
ljZjJofkL k|lt:kwf{df 5gf}6 eO{ ljb]zdf cWoog jf tfnLddf ;xeflu x'g] cj;/ kfPsf
lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;d]t cWoog jf tfnLdsf nflu dgf]gog ul/g]5 .
%!= dgf]gogdf aGb]h M o; kl/R5]bdf o;cl3 h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg P]gsf] bkmf
@@ adf]lhd a9'jfsf] nflu ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ x'g gkfpg] cjlwe/ s'g} klg lghfdtL
sd{rf/LnfO{ cWoog, tfnLd jf cWoog e|d0fsf] lgldQ dgf]gog ug{ x'“b}g .
%@= … … … … …
%#= … … … … …
%#s= cWoog, tfnLd jf cWoog e|d0f ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf M -!_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] s'g}
kbflwsf/L sfo{/t /x]sf] lgsfonfO{ bft[ ;+:yfaf6 ;f]em} k|fKt ePsf] cWoog, tfnLd jf
cWoog / cWoog e|d0f ;DaGwL cj;/x?sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt lgsfon] P]gsf] bkmf
$)v= sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd u7g ePsf] ;ldltsf] ;lrjfnonfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . o:tf]
hfgsf/L glbg] lgsfosf] k|d'vnfO{ ;f] ;ldltn] ljefuLo sf/afxLsf] nflu ;DalGwt
lgsfodf l;kmfl/; u/L k7fpg]5 / To;/L hfgsf/L glbO{ dgf]gog ug]{ clwsf/ k|fKt
clwsf/Laf6 hlt ;dosf] nflu dgf]gog ul/Psf] xf], TotL cjlwdf dgf]gog ePsf]
lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] kfPsf] jf kfpg ;Sg] tnjeQf a/fa/sf] /sd c;'n pk/ ul/g]5 .

32
-@_ ljleGg bft[ ;+:yfaf6 cfof]hgfx? sfof{Gjogsf] l;nl;nfdf cfof]hgf ;Demf}tf

cGtu{t k|fKt x'g] 5fqj[lQsf] jflif{s ljj/0f tof/ u/L P]gsf] bkmf $)v= sf] pkbkmf -#_
adf]lhd u7g ePsf] ;ldltsf] ;lrjfnodf k7fpg' kg]{ st{Jo ;DalGwt lgsfosf] x'g]5 .
-#_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cWoog, tfnLd jf cWoog e|d0f k"/f u/]sf] ldltn] Ps
dlxgfleq ;DalGwt sfof{nodf xflh/ x'g hfg' kg]{5 . dgfl;j dflkmssf] sf/0f ;lxtsf]
;"rgf ;lxt ljbf dfu u/L ljbf :jLs[t ePsf] cj:yfdf afx]s ;f] cjlwleq xflh/ gx'g]
lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo ;hfo x'g]5 .
-$_ cWoog, tfnLd jf cWoog e|d0f k"/f u/]sf] ldltn] gAa] lbgleq xflh/ x'g
gcfPdf jf P]gsf] bkmf $)3= adf]lhdsf] sa'lnot cg';f/ lghfdtL ;]jfdf ;]jf gu/]d f
To:tf] cWoog, tfnLd jf cWoog e|d0fdf nfu]sf] jf kfPsf] vr{ / ;f] cjlwdf kfPsf]
tna eQf ;d]t To:tf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cWoogsf] nflu lgwf{l/t ;do Joltt ePsf]
csf]{ tLg dlxgfleq ;DalGwt sfof{nodf a'emfpg' kg]{5 / ga'emfPdf ;/sf/L af“sL ;/x
c;'n ul/g]5 .
-%_ cWoog, tfnLd jf cWoog e|d0fdf uPsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/L cWoog, tfnLd
jf cWoog e|d0f kl5 pklgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq sfof{nodf xflh/ x'g cfP
gcfPsf] ;DaGwdf clen]v k|of]hgsf] nflu To:tf] sd{rf/Lsf] gfd, cWoog ug{ uPsf]
b]z, cWoog jf tfnLdsf] cjlw / ljifo v'Ng] b'O{ k|lt ljj/0f k|To]s jif{sf] >fj0f
d;fGtleq tof/ u/L Ps k|lt P]gsf] bkmf $)v= sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf]
;lrjfnodf k7fO{ Ps k|lt ;DalGwt lgsfon] clen]v cBfjlws u/L /fVg' kg{]5 . o:tf]
ljj/0f tof/ u/L k7fpg] bfloTj ;DalGwt lgsfosf] k|d'vsf] x'g]5 .
 -^_ j}b]lzs cWoog, tfnLd jf cWoog e|d0fdf uPsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln]
sfof{nodf xflh/ ePsf] kGw| lbgleq k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L ;DalGwt sfof{nodf k]z ug'{
kg]{5 . To;/L k|ltj]bg lbPsf] hfgsf/L JolQmut kmfOndf ;dfj]z ug{ lghfdtL
lstfavfgfdf k7fOg]5 .
 -&_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] sfa'aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt k/L pklgod -^_ adf]lhdsf]
cjlw leq k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ g;s]df To;sf] cfwf/ / sf/0f ;lxt ;DalGwt sfof{no
k|d'v ;dIf Dofb yksf] nflu lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 / o;/L k/]sf] lgj]bgsf] Joxf]/f dgfl;j
33
nfu]df sfof{no k|d'vn] To:tf] k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ yk kGw| lbg Dofb lbg ;Sg]5 . k|fKt
k|ltj]bgnfO{ cfjZos sf/jfxL ul/g]5 .
 %#v= tfnLd lbg' kg]{ M -!_ ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x ;~rfng ug]{ dGqfnon] tfnLd k|bfos
;+:yfx?;“u ;dGjo u/L k|To]s lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ tLg jif{df sDtLdf Ps k6s kf“r
sfo{lbg jf ;f] eGbf a9L cjlwsf] tfnLd lbg] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd tfnLd lbg cfjZos ah]6 k|To]s sfof{non] cfkm\gf]
jflif{s ah]6 tyf sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b – (
xflh/L / ljbf
%$= lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;a} ;do g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cwLg x'g] M o; lgodfjnLdf cGoyf
n]lvPsf]df afx]s lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;a} ;do g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cwLg x'g]5 / h'g;'s}
;dodf klg lghnfO{ ;/sf/L sfddf nufpg ;lsg]5 .
%%= sfof{no ;do, ;do kfng / xflh/L M -!_  … … … …
-@_ P]gsf] bkmf $! adf]lhd lgwf{l/t ;dodf sfof{nodf gcfpg] / sfof{nodf
k6s k6s l9nf] cfpg] rf“8f] hfg] tyf sfof{nosf] sfddf afx]s sfof{no ;dodf
:jLs[lt glnO{ sfof{no 5f]8\g] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'vn] uon s§L
ug]{5 .
t/ dlxgfsf] tLg k6s;Dd lgwf{l/t ;do eGbf kGw| ldg]6;Dd l9nf u/L cfpg]
lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ sfof{no k|d'vn] xflh/ ug{ lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ d'gfl;a dflkmssf] sf/0f k/]df afx]s ljbfsf] lgsf;f glnO{ s'g} klg lghfdtL
sd{rf/L cfÇgf] sfof{nodf cg'kl:yt x'g' x'“b}g . o;/L cg'kl:yt x'g] sd{rf/Ln] ;ft
lbgleq ljbfsf] lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
%%s=sfof{no ;dosf] lgwf{/0f M ;/sf/L sfof{nox?sf] sfof{no ;dosf] lgwf{/0f g]kfn
;/sf/n] /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
34
%^= e}k/L cfpg] / kj{ ljbf M -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] k|To]s jif{ e}k/L cfpg] ljbf 5 lbg
/ kj{ ljbf 5 lbg u/L hDdf afx| lbg ljbf lng kfpg]5 .
-@_ e}k/L cfpg] / kj{ ljbfdf a:g] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] k"/f tna kfpg]5 .
-#_ e}k/L cfpg] / kj{ ljbf cfwf lbg klg lng ;lsg]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; pklgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æcfwf lbgÆ eGgfn] b}lgs sfof{no ;dosf]
cfwf ;do ;Demg' k5{ .
-$_ Ps jif{sf] e}k/L cfpg] / kj{ ljbf ;+lrt u/L csf]{ jif{df lng kfOg] 5}g .
-%_ df}lvs cg'/f]wsf] cfwf/df klg ljbf lbg] clwsf/Ln] e}k/L cfpg] / kj{ ljbfsf]
:jLs[lt lbg ;Sg]5 .
t/ To;/L e}k/L cfpg] / kj{ ljbfsf] :jLs[lt lbPsf]df ljbf lbg] clwsf/Ln] ;f]sf]
clen]v /fVg nufpg' kg]{5 .
%&= 3/ ljbf M -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] sfd u/]sf] cjlwsf] afx| lbgsf] Ps lbgsf b/n] 3/
ljbf kfpg]5 .
t/ lxp“b] jf jif]{ ljbf lng kfpg] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] o; lgod adf]lhdsf] 3/ ljbf
kfpg] 5}g .
-@_ of] lgodsf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ æsfd u/]sf] cjlwÆ eGgfn] ;f] cjlwleq lnPsf]
e}k/L cfpg] / kj{ ljbf, la/fdL ljbf, k|;"lt ljbf, k|;"lt :ofxf/ ljbf, lsl/of ljbf /
;fj{hlgs ljbfnfO{ ;d]t hgfpg]5 .
-#_ 3/ ljbfdf a:bf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] k"/f tna kfpg]5 .
-$_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfkm"n] ksfPsf] 3/ljbf Ps;o c;L lbg;Dd ;+lrt u/L
/fVg kfpg]5 .
-%_ s'g} sf/0fn] lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;]jfaf6 cnu ePdf lghsf] ;+lrt /x]sf] 3/
ljbf afkt lghsf] kbflwsf/ /x]sf] kbaf6 vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tnasf] b/n] x'g cfpg] /sd
lghn] Psd'i6 lng kfpg]5 .
 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

35
-^_ ;+lrt /x]sf] 3/ ljbfsf] /sd lng gkfp“b} s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ePdf
To:tf] ;+lrt 3/ ljbfsf] /sd P]gsf] bkmf #( sf] pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhdsf] JolQmn] Psd'i6
lng kfpg]5 .
-&_ lxp“b] jf jif]{ ljbf lng kfpg] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ pQm ljbf gkfpg] u/L
sfddf v6fOPdf To:tf] sfddf v6fpg] sfof{non] To:tf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ pQm ljbf
afkt lghsf] kbflwsf/ /x]sf] kbaf6 vfOkfO{ cfPsf] b/n] x'g cfpg] /sd lbg' kg]{5 .
-*_ 3/ ljbf, cWoog ljbf jf c;fwf/0f ljbfdf a;]sf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;f]
cjlwe/sf] 3/ ljbf kfpg] 5}g .
-(_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] jif{sf] Ps k6s sDtLdf ;ft lbg 3/ ljbf lnO{ 3/ hf“bf /
3/ ljbf e'Qmfg u/L 3/af6 cfÇgf] sfof{nodf cfp“bf k}bnsf] af6f]nfO{ cf7 sf]zsf]
lgldQ Ps lbgsf] b/n] x'g] lbg tyf df]6/, /]n, xjfOhxfhsf] af6f]nfO{ hlt lbg nfUg] xf]
Tolt lbg af6f]sf] Dofb kfpg]5 .
%*= la/fdL ljbf M -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] k|To]s jif{ afx| lbg la/fdL ljbf kfpg]5 .
-@_ la/fdL ljbfdf a:bf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] k"/f tna kfpg]5 .
-#_ lghfdtL sd{rf/L czQm la/fdL eO{ ;+lrt la/fdL ljbfn] gk'Ug] ePdf lghnfO{
a9Ldf afx| lbg;Ddsf] k]ZsL la/fdL ljbf lbg ;lsg]5 .
-$_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] c;fwf/0f ljbf / P]gsf] bkmf &!s= adf]lhdsf] j]tnjL
ljbf afx]s cGo ljbf lnPsf] cjlwdf ;d]t la/fdL ljbf kfpg]5 .
-%_ ;ft lbgeGbf a9L cjlwsf] la/fdL ljbfsf] dfu ug]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] :jLs[t
lrlsT;ssf] k|df0fkq k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/ To:tf] k|df0fkq k]z ug{ ;fwf/0ftof ;Dej lyPg eGg] ljbf lbg] clwsf/LnfO{
ljZjf; ePdf lghn] ;f] Joxf]/f hgfO{ k|df0fkq lagf g} pQm ljbf :jLs[t ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-^_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfkm"n] ksfPsf] la/fdL ljbf ;+lrt u/L /fVg kfpg]5 .
-&_ s'g} sf/0fn] lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;]jfaf6 cnu ePdf lghsf] ;+lrt /x]sf] la/fdL
ljbf afkt lghsf] kbflwsf/ /x]sf] kbaf6 vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tnasf] b/n] x'g cfpg] /sd
lghn] Psd'i6 lng kfpg]5 .
36
-*_ ;+lrt /x]sf] la/fdL ljbfsf] /sd lng gkfp“b} s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] d[To',
ePdf To:tf] ;+lrt la/fdL ljbfsf] /sd P]gsf] bkmf #( sf] pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhdsf]
JolQmn] Psd'i6 lng kfpg]5 .
-(_ s'g} 7"nf] jf s8f /f]u nfuL pkrf/ ug{ la/fdL ljbf / 3/ ljbfaf6 gk'u x'g]
ePdf :jLs[t lrlsT;ssf] k|df0fkq k]z u/L lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] kl5 kfpg] la/fdL ljbf
/ 3/ ljbfaf6 s§f x'g] u/L k}+tfnL; lbg;Dd yk la/fdL ljbf k]ZsLsf] ?kdf lng
;Sg]5 . To;/L k]ZsL la/fdL ljbf lnO{ a;]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] k"/f tna kfpg]5 .
-!)_ pklgod -(_ adf]lhd lnPsf] ljbfn] gk'u eO{ yk ljbf lng' k/]df g]kfn
;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] d]l8sn af]8{sf] l;kmfl/;df lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] c;fwf/0f
ljbfaf6 s§f x'g] u/L ;]jf cjlwe/df a9Ldf Ps jif{ c;fwf/0f ljbf lng ;Sg]5 .
-!!_ pklgod -(_ adf]lhd k]ZsL la/fdL ljbf lng] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ePdf
To;/L k]ZsL lnPsf] la/fdL ljbf :jtM ldgfxf x'g]5 .
%(= k|;"lt ljbf M -!_ dlxnf lghfdtL sd{rf/L ue{jtL ePdf lghn] ;'Ts]/Lsf] cl3kl5 u/L
 cG7fgAa] lbg k|;"lt ljbf lng kfpg]5 .
-!s_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|;"lt ljbf lnPsf dlxnf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] rfx]df
s'g} klg ljbfaf6 s§f gx'g] u/L yk 5 dlxgf;Dd j]tnjL k|;"lt ljbf lng ;Sg]5g\ .
t/ pklgod -!_ / -!s_ adf]lhdsf] ljbf nuftf/ ?kdf lng' kg]{5 .
-!v_ pklgod -!s_ adf]lhd j]tnjL ljbfdf a;]sf] cjlw gf]s/L cjlwdf
hf]l8g]5 .
-@_ k|;"lt ljbfdf a:bf dlxnf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] k"/f tna kfpg]5 .
-#_ =======================
-#s_ k|;"lt ljbf tyf k|;"lt :ofxf/ ljbf kfPsf lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ aRrfsf]
:ofxf/sf] lgldQ P]gsf] bkmf #@ sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd a9Ldf b'O{ j6f aRrfsf] nflu
hgxL Psd'i6 kf“rxhf/ ?k}of“ lzz' :ofxf/ eQf lbO{g]5 .
-$_ k|;"lt ljbf lnPsf] clen]v ;DalGwt sfof{non] cBfjlws agfO{ /fVg' kg]{5 .

 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .
37
%(s=k|;"lt :ofxf/ ljbf M -!_ s'g} k'?if lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] kTgL ;'Ts]/L x'g] ePdf To:tf]
sd{rf/Ln] ;'Ts]/Lsf] cl3 jf kl5 u/L kGw| lbg k|;"lt :ofxf/ ljbf lng kfpg]5 .
-@_ k|;"lt :ofxf/ ljbfdf a:g] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] k"/f tna kfpg]5 .
-#_ k|;"lt :ofxf/ ljbf ;]jf cjlwe/ b'O{ k6s dfq lbOg]5 .
-$_ k|;"lt :ofxf/ ljbf lnPsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ljbf lnPsf] ldltn] tLg
dlxgfleqdf aRrfsf] hGdbtf{ k|df0fkq sfo{/t sfof{nodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pklgod -$_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq To:tf] k|df0fkq k]z gug]{ lghfdtL
sd{rf/Lsf] To:tf] ljbfsf] cjlw lghn] kfpg] cGo ljbfaf6 s§f ul/g]5 .
-^_ k|;"lt :ofxf/ ljbfsf] clen]v ;DalGwt sfof{non] cBfjlws u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
^)= lsl/of ljbf M -!_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] s'n wd{ cg'[;f/ cfk}m+ lsl/of a:g' k/]df
jf To:tf] sd{rf/Lsf] afa'cfdf, afh]aHo}, 5f]/f5f]/L jf ;f;' ;;'/fsf] d[To' ePdf jf k'?if
lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf lghsf] kTgLsf] d[To' ePdf kGw| lbg lsl/of ljbf kfpg]5 .
dlxnf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] kltn] lsl/of a:g' k/]df lghnfO{ klg Tolt g} lbg lsl/of ljbf
lbOg]5 .
-@_ lsl/of ljbfdf a:bf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] k"/f tna kfpg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ljbf lng] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ljbf kl5 sfof{nodf
xflh/ ePsf] kGw| lbgleq d[t JolQmsf] d[To' btf{sf] k|df0fkq tyf d[t JolQm;“usf] gftf
k|dfl0ft k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq To:tf] k|df0fkq k]z gug]{ lghfdtL
sd{rf/Lsf] To:tf] ljbfsf] cjlw lghn] kfpg] cGo ljbfaf6 s§f ul/g]5 .
^!= cWoog ljbf M -!_ lghfdtL ;]jfnfO{ pkof]uL / cfjZos kg]{ ljifodf g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{
k|fKt ePsf] j}b]lzs 5fqj[lQdf ;DalGwt dGqfnosf] :jLs[lt lnO{ v'Nnf k|ltof]lutf jf
cGt/ ljefuLo k|ltof]lutfdf 5flgO{ jf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 dgf]gog eO{ cWoog ug{ hfg]
lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cWoog cjlwe/ cWoog ljbf kfpg ;Sg]5 .
-!s_ ;]jf, ;d"x, pk;d"xnfO{ pkof]uL / cfjZos x'g] s'g} ljifodf :jb]z l:yt
s'g} ljZjljBfno jf To; cGt{utsf] s'g} cWoog ;+:yfg jf ;+sfoaf6 k|fKt 5fqj[lQ jf

38
sf]6fdf jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] vr{df cWoogsf] nflu dgf]gog ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfon]
l;kmfl/; u/L k7fPsf]df P]gsf] bkmf $)v= sf] pkbkmf -#_ sf] ;ldltaf6 :jLs[t ePdf
To:tf lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;f] cWoog cjlwe/ cWoog ljbf lbg ;lsg]5 .
-!v_ cfk"m sfo{/t ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xsf] nflu pkof]uL / cfjZos x'g]
ljifodf ljleGg d'n's jf g]kfn ;b:o /x]sf cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfaf6 5fqj[lQ k|fKt ug]{ u/L
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"j{ :jLsl[t lnO{ ljZjJofkL k|lt:kwf{df 5gf}6 eO{ ljb]zdf cWoog jf
tfnLddf ;xeflu x'g] cj;/ kfPsf lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;d]t pklgod -!_ adf]lhd
dgf]gog u/L cWoogsf] nflu cWoog ljbf / tfnLdsf] nflu tfnLd sfh lbg ;lsg]5 .
-@_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;]jf cjlwe/df Ps} k6s jf k6s k6s u/L tLg jif{;Dd
cWoog ljbf kfpg]5 .
t/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfjZos 7fg]sf] cj:yfdf cWoog ljbfsf] cjlwdf b'O{ jif{;Dd
yk ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} cWoogsf] lgldQ
dgf]gog eO{ cWoog ljbf lnO{ uPsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ yk ljifodf cWoog ug{ jf
yk pkflw xfl;n ug{sf] lgldQ cWoog ljbf ylkg] 5}g tyf c;fwf/0f ljbf klg lbOg]
5}g .
 -#s_ cWoog ljbf lnPsf] sd{rf/Ln] k|To]s 5 dlxgfdf cfk'mn] ;DalGwt cWoog
;+:yfdf cWoog ul/x]sf] k|df0f ;lxtsf] k|ult ljj/0f kbflwsf/ /x]sf] lgsfo, ;]jf, ;d"x
jf pk;d"x ;~rfng ug]{ dGqfno / lghfdtL lstfavfgfdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ cWoog ljbfdf a:bf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] k"/f tna kfpg]5 .
-%_ ;DalGwt ;]jf ;d"xnfO{ pkof]uL / cfjZos kg]{ ljifodf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"j{
:jLs[lt lnO{ lghL k|of;df :jb]zdf tyf ljb]zdf cWoog ug{ hfg] lghfdtL
sd{rf/LnfO{ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd cWoog ljbf lbg ;lsg]5 . pklgod -$_ df h'g;'s}
s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg o:tf] cWoog ljbfdf a:g] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] tna kfpg] 5}g .
-^_ tLg jif{ ;/sf/L ;]jf cjlw gk'uL s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cWoog ljbf
kfpg ;Sg] 5}g .
39
:ki6Ls/0f M o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] u/]sf] c:yfoL ;]jf cjlw
:yfoL ;]jf cjlwdf u0fgf ePsf] /x]5 eg] o; pklgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;f] c:yfoL
;]jf cjlw ;d]t u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-&_ s'g} of]hgf jf sfo{qmdnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{sf] lgldQ cTofjZos ePsf] tfnLd
k|fKt ug{sf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ dgf]gog u/L v6fPdf To:tf]
tfnLd cjlwe/ lghnfO{ sfhsf] ?kdf k7fOg]5 / ;f] cjlwe/ lghnfO{ k"/f tna
lbOg]5 .
t/ o; k|sf/sf] sfh tfnLdsf] lgldQ dfq x'g' kg]{5 / s'g} klg lghfdtL
sd{rf/LnfO{ z}lIfs pkflw xfl;n ug{ k7fp“bf tfnLd sfh lbOg] 5}g .
-*_ Pp6f z}lIfs ;+:yfdf cWoog ug{sf] nflu cWoog ljbf lnPsf] lghfdtL
sd{rf/Ln] k"j{ :jLs[lt ljgf ;f] z}lIfs ;+:yf kl/jt{g ug{ kfpg] 5}g . o;/L z}lIfs ;+:yf
kl/jt{g u/]df jf ;f] z}lIfs ;+:yfdf cWoog gu/]df lghsf] ;f] cWoog ljbf :jtM /2
x'g]5 / ;f] ljbfsf] cjlw c;fwf/0f ljbfdf kl/0ft x'g]5 . o;/L ljbf /2 ePsf] ljj/0f
;DalGwt lgsfon] ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno / lghfdtL lstfavfgfdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-(_ o; lgod adf]lhd cWoogsf] nflu Ps k6s j]tnjL cWoog ljbf :jLs[t
eO{ ;s] kl5 ;f] ljbfsf] cjlwnfO{ tnjL cWoog ljbfdf kl/0ft ul/g] 5}g .
^@= c;fwf/0f ljbf M -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] c;fwf/0f ljbf lng' kg]{ sf/0f ;lxt lgj]bg lbg'
kg]{5 / sf/0f dgfl;a b]lvPdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] Ps k6sdf Ps jif{df ga9fO{ / ;]jf
cjlwe/df tLg jif{df ga9fO{ c;fwf/0f ljbf lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ c;fwf/0f ljbfdf a:g] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;f] cjlwe/ tna kfpg] 5}g .
t/ lgod %* sf] pklgod -!)_ adf]lhd c;fwf/0f ljbfdf a:g] lghfdtL
sd{rf/Ln] To:tf] ljbfdf a;]sf] cjlwsf] k"/f tna kfpg]5 .
-#_ kf“r jif{ ;/sf/L ;]jf cjlw gk'uL s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] c;fwf/0f ljbf
kfpg] 5}g .
t/ –
-s_ lgod %* sf] pklgod -!)_ adf]lhd yk la/fdL ljbf afkt c;fwf/0f
ljbfdf a:g o; pklgodn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
40
-v_ lghL k|of;df cWoog ug{ rfxg] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] b'O{ jif{sf] ;]jf cjlw
k"/f u/]kl5 pklgod -!_ sf] cwLgdf /xL Ps} k6s jf k6s, k6s u/L
a9Ldf tLg jif{;Dd c;fwf/0f ljbf kfpg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] lnPsf] c;fwf/0f ljbfsf] cjlw lghsf] ;]jf cjlwdf
u0fgf ul/g] 5}g .
^@s=a]tnjL ljbf M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf &!s= adf]lhdsf] a]tnjL ljbf dfu ug]{ sd{rf/Ln]
cfˆgf] klt jf kTgL ljb]z l:yt g]kfnL /fhb"tfjf; jf s'g} lgof]udf vl6O{ uPsf] k|df0f
;lxt lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ljbf Ps} k6s jf k6s k6s u/L
a9Ldf kf“r jif{;Dd kfpg]5 .
-#_ o; lgod adf]lhdsf] ljbf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t x'g ;Sg]5 .
^#= /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+3, ;+:yfdf ;]jf ug{ ljbf lbg ;lsg] M s'g} lghfdtL
sd{rf/Ln] ljbf lnO{ P]gsf] bkmf $(s= sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhd ;]jf ug{
hfg lgj]bg lbPdf / o;/L ;]jf ug{ k7fp“bf g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ;d]t pkof]uL x'g] kof{Kt
cfwf/ /x]df g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgod ^@ adf]lhd lghn] kfpg ;Sg] c;fwf/0f ljbfaf6 s§f
x'g] u/L kl5 lghfdtL ;]jf ug{ kmls{ cfpg] sa'lnot u/fO{ lghnfO{ To:tf] ;]jf ug{
hfgsf] nflu cg'dlt lbg ;Sg]5 .
^#s=sa'lnotgfdf ;DaGwL Joj:yf M cWoog, tfnLd jf cWoog e|d0fdf hfg] lghfdtL
sd{rf/Ln] cg';"rL–!@s= adf]lhd, lgod ^! sf] pklgod -%_ adf]lhd cWoog ljbfdf
hfg] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cg';"rL–!@v= adf]lhd tyf c;fwf/0f ljbf lnO{ /fli6«o tyf
cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfdf sfd ug{ hfg] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cg';"rL–!@u=adf]lhdsf]
sa'lnotgfdf ug'{ kg]{5 .
^$= ljbf dfu ug]{ ljlw M -!_ ljbfsf] lgsf;fsf] lgldQ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln]
cfkm"nfO{ rflxPsf] ljbfsf] cjlw, sf/0f / ljb]z hfg' kg]{ eP ;f] ;d]t vf]nL cg';"rL–!#
sf] 9f“rfdf cfÇgf] sfof{no dfkm{t ljbf lbg] clwsf/L ;dIf lgj]bg k]z ug'{ kg]{5 / ljbf
lbg] clwsf/Ln] klg ljbf :jLs[t jf c:jLs[t ePsf] ;"rgf ;f] sd{rf/LnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
41
-!s_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd dfu ePsf] ljbfdWo] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ljbf b]xfo
adf]lhdsf] cjlwdf :jLs[t jf c:jLs[t ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ 3/ ljbf / lj/fdL ljbfsf] xsdf ;ft lbgleq,
-v_ c;fwf/0f ljbf / cWoog ljbfsf] xsdf ;f7L lbgleq .
 -!v_ ==============
-@_ b]xfosf] s'/fdf ljbf lbg] clwsf/LnfO{ lrQ a'em]df lghn] lgj]bgsf] ldlteGbf
cufl8b]lvsf] ldltaf6 ljbf :jLs[t ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ ljbf lbg] clwsf/Lsf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lng ;Dej lyPg eGg],
-v_ k"j{ :jLs[lt k|flKtsf] nflu lgj]bsn] ;se/ k|of; u/]sf] lyof] eGg] .
 t/ ljbf :jLs[t gu/fO{ nuftf/ gAa] lbg;Dd cfkm\gf] sfof{nodf
cg'kl:yt ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf ljbf :jLs[t ul/g] 5}g .
-#_ cWoog ljbfsf] nflu lgj]bg lb+bf c? s'/fsf] cltl/Qm d'VotM b]xfosf s'/fx?
pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ cfkm"n] cWoog ug{ vf]h]sf ljifosf] ljj/0f,
-v_ cWoog ul/g] ljZjljBfno, ;+:yf jf k|lzIf0f s]Gb«df k|j]z ug]{ :jLs[lt
k|fKt ePsf] ljj/0f,
-u_ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ To:tf] ljbfsf] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ug{ ;xfos x'g] cGo
cfjZos ljj/0f .
^%= ljbf lbg] clwsf/L M -!_ b]xfosf] ljbf b]xfosf] clwsf/Ln] :jLs[t ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
ljbfsf] lsl;d ljbf :jLs[t ug]{ clwsf/L
-s_ e}k/L cfpg] / kj{ ljbf ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'v jf ljefuLo k|d'v
-v_ 3/ ljbf ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'v jf ljefuLo k|d'v
-u_ la/fdL ljbf ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'v jf ljefuLo k|d'v
-3_ k|;"lt ljbf ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'v jf ljefuLo k|d'v

-3!_ k|;"lt :ofxf/ ljbf ;DalGwt sfof{nosf] k|d'v jf ljefuLo k|d'v
42
-ª_ lsl/of ljbf ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'v jf ljefuLo k|d'v

-r_ cWoog ljbf g]kfn ;/sf/
-5_ c;fwf/0f ljbf g]kfn ;/sf/
-@_ ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] sd{rf/Lsf] pklgod -!_ sf] v08 -s_ df plNnlvt ljbf afx]s
cGo ljbfx? g]kfn ;/sf/n] :jLs[t ug]{5 .
t/ ;+j}wflgs c+usf sfof{no jf cGo cfof]usf ljlzi6 >]0fLsf sd{rf/LnfO{
pklgod -!_ sf] v08 -r_ / -5_ df plNnlvt ljbf afx]s cGo ljbfx? To:tf] ;+j}wflgs
c+u jf cfof]usf k|d'vn] lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ sf] v08 -s_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg e}k/L cfpg] /
kj{ ljbf ljefuLo k|d'v / sfof{no k|d'v cfkm}n] lng ;Sg]5 .
-$_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] lnPsf] ljbf cfk"mnfO{ cfjZos gePsf] egL lgj]bg
lbPdf ljbf :jLs[t ug]{ clwsf/Ln] To:tf] ljbf /2 u/L lghnfO{ xflh/ u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
 -%_ ljbf :jLs[t ug]{ clwsf/Ln] cfkm" dftxtsf sd{rf/Lsf] ljbf :jLs[t ubf{
To:tf] sd{rf/Lsf] cg'kl:yltdf lghn] ug'{ kg]{ ;]jf k|jfx ;DaGwL sfd ug]{ j}slNks
Joj:yf u/]/ dfq :jLs[t ug'{ kg]{5 / To;sf] ;"rgf sfof{nosf] ;"rgf kf6Ldf 6f“; ug'{
kg]{5 .
^^= ljbf kl/0ft gx'g] M o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] h'g ljbf lnO{ a;]sf] xf]
;f]xL ljbfg} pkef]u ug'{ kg]{5 . klxn] s'g} Ps lsl;dsf] ljbf :jLs[t ePsf]df To:tf] ljbf
kl5 lsl/of ljbf jf k|;"lt ljbf afx]s csf]{ lsl;dsf] ljbfdf kl/0ft u/fpg kfOg] 5}g .
^&= ;fj{hlgs ljbf ufleg] M e}k/L cfpg] / kj{ ljbf, 3/ ljbf / lj/fdL ljbf afx]s c?
s'g} k|sf/sf] ljbf lnO{ a;]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] lnPsf] ljbf cjlwleq ;fj{hlgs ljbf
k/]df ;f] cjlw klg lgh sd{rf/Ln] lnPsf] ljbfdf ufleg]5 .
^*= sfof{nodf cg'kl:yt x'g] pk/ sf/afxL M ljbf glnO{ cfÇgf] sfof{nodf cg'kl:yt x'g]
lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ uon / tna s§L u/L ljefuLo ;hfo ;d]t ug{ ;lsg]5 . o;/L
uon ePsf] cjlw ;]jf cjlwdf u0fgf x'g] 5}g .

43
^(= ljbfsf] clen]v M -!_ ljbf lbg] clwsf/Ln] cfÇgf] dftxtdf sfd ug]{ lghfdtL
sd{rf/Lsf] ljbfsf] clen]v /fVg nufpg kg]{5 . e}k/L / kj{ ljbf afx]ssf ljbfsf]
clen]v k|To]s sfof{non] jif{ JotLt ePsf] tL; lbgleq lghfdtL lstfavfgf / tnj
vr{ n]Vg] sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/L Ps sfof{noaf6 csf]{ sfof{nodf ;?jf jf a9'jf ePdf
;?jf jf a9'jfsf] hgfpsf] ;fy} ljbfsf] clen]vsf] ptf/ klg xfnsf] sfof{nodf k7fpg'
kg]{5 . o:tf] ljbfsf] clen]v cg';"rL–!$ adf]lhd /fVg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] ljbfsf] clen]vsf] Ps k|lt ptf/ ;DalGwt
sd{rf/LnfO{ ;d]t lbg' kg]{5 . a9'jfsf] nflu sf/afxL x'“bf o:tf] ljbfsf] clen]v k]z ug]{
lhDd]jf/L lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;DalGwt ljefu jf dGqfnosf] x'g]5 .
&)= ;§f ljbf M ljdfg:yn, c:ktfn, af?0foGq, x'nfs, ;+u|xfno h:tf ;fj{hlgs ljbfsf]
lbgdf sfd ug'{ kg]{ sfof{nox?df sfo{/t lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?n] ;fj{hlgs ljbfsf] lbg
sfd u/] jfkt ;§f tnaL ljbf kfpg]5g\ / To:tf] ljbf Ps jif{leqdf kfnf] ldnfO{ a:g'
kg]{5 .
&!= ljbf clwsf/sf] s'/f xf]Og M ljbf clwsf/sf] s'/f xf]Og, ;x'lnot dfq xf] .
kl/R5]b – !)
a9'jf
&@= a9'jf ;ldltx? M P]gsf] bkmf @) sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd /fhkq cgl°t kbdf a9'jf ug{
b]xfosf sfof{nosf] nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf a9'jf ;ldltx? /xg] 5g\ M–
-s_ v08 -v_, -u_, -3_, -ª_, -r_, -5_, -h_, -em_, -`_, -6_ / -7_ df k/]sf
cbfnt / sfof{nox? afx]s clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u, dxfn]vf
k/LIfssf] sfof{no, nf]s ;]jf cfof]u, lgjf{rg cfof]u, k|wfgdGqL tyf
dlGqkl/ifb\\sf] sfof{no, /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfno, dGqfno, dGqfno:t/sf
s]Gb|Lo lgsfox? tyf s]Gb|Lo:t/sf ljefux?sf] nflu –
-c_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] tf]s]sf] /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf] kbflwsf/L – cWoIf

44
-cf_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;lrjn] tf]s]sf] /fhkqflÍt låtLo >]0fLsf]

clws[t – ;b:o
-O_ ;]jf, ;d"x ;~rfng ug]{ dGqfno jf lgsfosf] k|zf;g zfvfsf] k|d'v jf
;lrj jf ;f] ;/xsf kbflwsf/Ln] tf]s]sf] clws[t – ;b:o
-v_  sfg"g, Gofo, ;+ljwfg;ef tyf ;+;bLo dfldnf dGqfnosf] nflu –
-c_ Gofo ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] g]kfn Gofo ;]jfsf] s'g} kbflwsf/L
–– cWoIf
-cf_ ;lrjn] tf]s]sf] /fhkqfl°t k|yd >]0fLsf] clws[t –– ;b:o
-O_ k|zf;g zfvfsf] k|d'v –– ;b:o
-u_ v08 -s_, -v_, -3_, -ª_, -r_, -5_, -h_, -em_, -`_, -6_ / -7_ df k/]sf cbfnt
/ sfof{nox? afx]s s'g} dGqfno, ;lrjfno jf cfof]u cGtu{tsf lhNnfl:yt
If]qLo, c~rn, lhNnf tyf O{nfsf:t/Lo sfof{nox?sf] nflu –
-c_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] tf]s]sf] kbflwsf/L – cWoIf
-cf_ ;DalGwt k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L jf lghn] tf]s]sf] clws[ – ;b:o
-O_ lhNnf sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqssf] sfof{nosf] k|d'v jf lghn]
tf]s]sf] ;f] sfof{nosf] clws[t – ;b:o
-3_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] nflu –
-c_ Gofo ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] g]kfn Gofo ;]jfsf] s'g}
kbflwsf/L –– cWoIf
-cf_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] /lhi6«f/n] tf]s]sf] /fhkqfl°t k|yd >]0fLsf]
clws[t –– ;b:o
-O_ k|zf;g zfvfsf] k|d'v jf ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] /lhi6«f/n] tf]s]sf]
clws[t –– ;b:o
-ª_ k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] nflu –
-c_ k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] d'Vo GofofwLz jf lghn] tf]s]sf] k'g/fj]bg
cbfntsf] GofofwLz –– cWoIf
-cf_ k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] /lhi6«f/ –– ;b:o

45
-O_ k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] /lhi6«f/n] tf]s]sf] clws[t –– ;b:o

-r_ lhNnf cbfntsf] nflu –
-c_ lhNnf GofofwLz –– cWoIf
-cf_ lhNnf GofofwLzn] tf]s]sf] clws[t –– ;b:o
-O_ lhNnf ;/sf/L jsLn sfof{nosf] lhNnf GofoflwjQmf –– ;b:o
-5_ dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{nosf] nflu –
-cf_ dxfGofoflwjQmfn] tf]s]sf] clws[t –– ;b:o
-O_ k|zf;g zfvfsf] clws[t –– ;b:o
-h_ k'g/fj]bg ;/sf/L jsLn sfof{nosf] nflu –
-c_ k'g/fj]bg ;/sf/L jsLn sfof{nosf] ;x–GofoflwjQmf –– cWoIf
-cf_ k'g/fj]bg ;/sf/L jsLn sfof{nosf] pk–GofoflwjQmf –– ;b:o
-O_ k'g/fj]bg ;/sf/L jsLn sfof{nosf] ;x–GofoflwjQmfn]

tf]s]sf] clws[t –– ;b:o
-em_ lhNnf ;/sf/L jsLn sfof{nosf] nflu –
-c_ lhNnf GofofwLz –– cWoIf
-cf_ lhNnf ;/sf/L jsLn sfof{nosf] lhNnf GofoflwjQmf –– ;b:o
-O_ k'g/fj]bg ;/sf/L jsLn sfof{nosf] ;x–GofoflwjQmfn]
tf]s]sf] clws[t –– ;b:o
-`_ Gofo kl/ifb\\ ;lrjfnosf] nflu –
-cf_ Gofo kl/ifb\\ ;lrjfnosf] ;lrjn] tf]s]sf] Gofo kl/ifb\\ ;lrjfnosf]
/fhkqfl°t clws[t – ;b:o

46
-O_ k|zf;g zfvfsf] k|d'v jf Gofo kl/ifb\\ ;lrjfnosf] ;lrjn]

tf]s]sf] clws[t – ;b:o
-6_ k|zf;sLo cbfntsf] nflu –
-c_ Gofo ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] g]kfn Gofo ;]jfsf] kbflwsf/L– cWoIf
-cf_ k|zf;sLo cbfntsf] cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] clws[t – ;b:o
-O_ k|zf;sLo cbfntsf] /lhi6«f/n] tf]s]sf] clws[t – ;b:o
-7_ /fhZj Gofoflws/0fsf] nflu –
-c_ Gofo ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] g]kfn Gofo ;]jfsf] kbflwsf/L –– cWoIf
-cf_ /fhZj Gofoflws/0fsf] cWoIf jf lghn] tf]s]sf] ;b:o –– ;b:o
-O_ /fhZj Gofoflws/0fsf] cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] clws[t –– ;b:o
 -8_ h]i7tf / sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍgåf/f /fhkq cglÍt låtLo >]0fLsf] kbdf a9'jfsf]
nflu,–
-!_ s]Gb|Lo:t/sf lgsfox?sf] nflu –
-c_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] tf]s]sf] /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf] clws[t – cWoIf
-cf_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;lrjn] tf]s]sf] /fhkqflÍt
låtLo >]0fLsf] clws[t – ;b:o
-O_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;lrjn] tf]s]sf] clws[t – ;b:o
-@_ lhNnf l:yt If]qLo, c~rn, lhNnf tyf Onfsf:t/Lo sfof{nox?sf] nflu –
-c_ ;DalGwt lhNnfsf] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L – cWoIf
-cf_ ;DalGwt lhNnfsf] sf]if lgoGqs – ;b:o
-O_ ;DalGwt k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] tf]s]sf] lhNnf k|zf;g
sfof{nosf] clws[t – ;b:o
&#=a9'jf ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno / l;kmfl/; ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf & sf] pkbkmf
-!_ adf]lhd sfo{ Ifdtfsf] d"NofÍgåf/f h]i7tf tyf sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍgaf6 a9'jf x'g]
/fhkqfl°t kbx?sf] lgldQ P]gsf] bkmf @) sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] a9'jf ;ldltsf]
;lrjfnosf] sfd ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] ug]{5 .
47
-@_ lgod &@ sf] v08 -s_ / -v_ adf]lhdsf] a9'jfsf] lgldQ a9'jf ;ldltsf]
;lrjfnosf] sfd ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x ;~rfng ug]{ dGqfno jf lgsfon] ug]{5 .
-#_ lgod &@ sf] v08 -3_, -5_, -`_, -6_ / -7_ df plNnlvt lgsfox?df l/Qm
kbsf] lgldQ ;f] l/Qm kb;“u ;DalGwt lgsfon] a9'jf ;ldltsf] ;lrjfnosf] sfd ug]{5 .
-$_ cbfnt / lhNnfl:yt If]qLo, c~rn, l8lehg, lhNnf tyf Onfsf:t/Lo
sfof{nox?df l/Qm /x]sf kbx?sf] xsdf–
-s_ cbfnt / ;/sf/L jsLn sfof{nodf l/Qm /fhkq cglÍt kbsf] nflu
a9'jf ;ldltsf] ;lrjfnosf] sfd ;DalGwt k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf d'Vo
GofofwLzn] tf]s]sf] cbfnt jf ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{non] ug]{5 .
-v_ v08 -s_ afx]s l/Qm /fhkq cglÍt kbx?sf] lgldQ a9'jf ;ldltsf]
;lrjfnosf] sfd b]xfo adf]lhdsf] sfof{non] ug]{5 M–
-!_ k|zf;g ;]jf, n]vf ;d"x afx]ssf cGo ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xsf]
k|fljlws / ck|fljlws kbx?sf] nflu ;DalGwt lhNnfsf] lhNnf
k|zf;g sfof{no,
-@_ k|zf;g ;]jf, n]vf ;d"xsf] nflu sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{no .
 -%_ lgod &@ sf] v08 -8_ sf] pkv08 -!_ adf]lhdsf] a9'jf ;ldltsf]
;lrjfnosf] sfd ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] / ;f]xL v08sf] pkv08 -@_ adf]lhdsf]
a9'jf ;ldltsf] ;lrjfnosf] sfd ;DalGwt lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non] ug]{5 .
 -^_ lgod &@ sf] v08 -8_ adf]lhdsf] a9'jf ;ldltn] a9'jfsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ubf{
a9'jfsf] of]Uotfqmdsf] cfwf/df ;DalGwt pDd]bjf/n] k]z u/]sf] z}lIfs of]Uotf / lghn]
b/vf:t kmf/fddf pNn]v u/]sf] k|fyldstfqmd adf]lhdsf] ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xsf] kbdf
l;kmfl/; ug'{ kg]{5 .
&$= kbk"lt{sf] ;"rgfsf] k|sfzg / lgj]bg M -!_ lgod !$ adf]lhd kb k"lt{ k|ltzt tyf
kb;+Vof lgwf{/0f ePkl5 To;df sfo{ Ifdtfsf] d"Nof°gåf/f tyf h]i7tf / sfo{ ;Dkfbg

48
d"NofÍgåf/f a9'jf x'g] kbx?sf] ljj/0f ;lxtsf] ;"rgf nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] k|sflzt
ug]{5 . ==============
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|sflzt x'g] ;"rgfdf a9'jf ul/g] kbsf] nflu cfjZos
kg]{ ;]jf cjlw, ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ x'g h]i7tf u0fgf ul/g] -c;f/ d;fGtsf] lx;fan]_
cjlw, z}lIfs of]Uotf, a9'jf x'g] kbsf] ljj/0f tyf ;+Vof, kb l/Qm ePsf] sfof{no,
lgj]bg lbg] Dofb / :yfg ;d]t v'nfOPsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-#_ ;DalGwt pDd]bjf/n] pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgfdf tf]lsPsf] Dofbleq nf]s
;]jf cfof]uåf/f lgwf{l/t 9f“rfdf lgj]bg k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L k]z x'g cfPsf lgj]bgx?
a9'jf l;kmfl/;sf] sf/afxL rnfpg /fhkqfl°t kbsf] xsdf nf]s ;]jf cfof]un]
;DalGwt a9'jf ;ldltsf] ;lrjfnodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
&$s= =================
&%= z}lIfs of]Uotf ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M -!_ lghfdtL ;]jfdf s'g} ;]jf jf ;d"x u7g
ePsf] cj:yfdf To:tf] ;]jf jf ;d"xdf ;]jf k|j]zsf lgldQ h'g;'s} ljifosf] z}lIfs
of]Uotf lgwf{/0f ul/P tfklg ;f] ;]jf jf ;d"x u7g x'g' eGbf cufl8b]lv axfn /xL gof“
;]jf jf ;d"xdf ;d"lxs[t ePsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?sf] xsdf lghx? ;]jf k|j]z ubf{
lghx?n] xfl;n u/]sf] tTsflng ;]jf, ;d"x;“u ;DalGwt ljifosf] Go"gtd z}lIfs
of]UotfnfO{ a9'jf k|of]hgsf] nflu u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-@_ ;]jf k|j]z ubf{ s'g} kbdf tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotfdf kl5 kl/jt{g
ul/Psf] eP klg lghsf] xsdf lgh ;]jf k|j]z ubf{ tf]lsPsf] z}lIfs of]UotfnfO{ g}
Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf dfGg' kg]{5 .
 &^= a9'jfsf] nflu ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ x'g] M -!_ lghfdtL ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xsf l/Qm
kbx?df sfo{Ifdtfsf] d"Nofs+gåf/f tyf h]i7tf / sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nofs+gåf/f a9'jf x'gsf]
nflu /fhkqfls+t kbsf] xsdf l/Qm kbeGbf Ps >]0fL d'lgsf ;DalGwt ;]jf, ;d"x jf
pk;d"x cGtu{t P]gsf] bkmf @! adf]lhdsf] Go"gtd ;]jf cjlw / z}lIfs of]Uotf ePsf
sd{rf/Lx? ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ x'g]5g\ . /fhkq cgls+t kbsf] xsdf To;/L a9'jf x'gsf]

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .
49
nflu P]gsf] bkmf @! adf]lhdsf] Go"gtd ;]jf cjlw / z}lIfs of]Uotf ePsf b]xfo
adf]lhdsf lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ x'g]5g\ M–
-s_ dGqfno, ;lrjfno jf cfof]u tyf ;f] dftxtsf ljefu / s]Gb|Lo :t/sf
sfof{nox?df l/Qm /fhkq cglÍt k|yd >]0fLsf] kbsf] nflu ;a} dGqfno,
;lrjfno jf cfof]u tyf ;f] dftxtsf ljefu / s]Gb|Lo :t/sf sfof{nox?df
sfo{/t ;DalGwt ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xsf Ps >]0fL d'lgsf ;a} lghfdtL
sd{rf/L .
-v_ lhNnfl:yt If]qLo, c~rn, l8lehg, lhNnf tyf Onfsf:t/Lo sfof{nox?sf l/Qm
kbx?sf xsdf,–
-!_ cbfnt / ;/sf/L jsLn sfof{nosf] /fhkq cgls+t k|yd >]0fLsf] l/Qm
kbsf] nflu ;DalGwt lhNnfl:yt cbfnt / ;/sf/L jsLn sfof{nosf
;]jf cjlw k'u]sf ;DalGwt ;]jf, ;d"xsf Ps >]0fL d'lgsf sd{rf/Lx? .
-@_ pkv08 -!_ df n]lvPb]lv afx]s l/Qm /fhkq cgls+t k|yd >]0fLsf] kbsf]
nflu ;f] lhNnfl:yt ;DalGwt ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xsf ;a} sfof{nosf
;]jf cjlw k'u]sf Ps >]0fL d'lgsf sd{rf/Lx? .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg /fhkq cgls+t låtLo >]0fLsf]
l/Qm kbdf h]i7tf / sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nofs+gåf/f a9'jf x'gsf] nflu P]gsf] bkmf @$3!s= sf]
pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] z}lIfs of]Uotf / ;]jf cjlw ePsf b]xfo adf]lhdsf sd{rf/Lx?
;DefJo pDd]bjf/ x'g]5g\ M–
-s_ pklgod -!_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf sfof{nosf l/Qm kbsf] nflu ;a}
dGqfno, ;lrjfno, cfof]u, ljefu jf s]Gb|Lo:t/sf sfof{nosf /fhkq
cglÍt kf“rf}+ >]0fLsf jf >]0fL ljxLg sd{rf/Lx? .
-v_ pklgod -!_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhdsf] sfof{nosf l/Qm kbsf] nflu
;DalGwt lhNnfl:yt ;a} sfof{nosf /fhkq cglÍt kf“rf}+ >]0fLsf jf >]0fL
ljxLg sd{rf/Lx? .
-#_ pklgod -!_ / -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg lgod !$ adf]lhd
kbk"lt{ k|ltzt lgwf{/0f eO{ a9'jfsf] nflu kb ;ª\Vof 5'6\ofpg' cl3 sfo{/t lghfdtL
sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jf cGo sfof{nodf eP tfklg lghnfO{ ;fljs -;?jf x'g' cl3_ sf]
50
sfof{nodf 5'6\ofOPsf] kbdf x'g] a9'jfsf] nflu ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ x'gaf6 jl~rt ul/g]
5}g .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; lgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æs]Gb|Lo:t/sf sfof{noÆ eGgfn] g]kfne/
sfo{If]q ePsf] / sDtLdf /fhkqflÍt låtLo >]0fLsf] clws[t k|d'v x'g] sf7df8f+} pkTosf
l:yt lgsfo jf sfof{no ;Demg' k5{ .
&&= sfo{ Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df a9'jf M lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ Ifdtfsf] d"Nof°g P]gsf] bkmf
@$ adf]lhd u/L ;a}eGbf a9L c° k|fKt ug]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;a}eGbf klxn] a9'jf
ul/g]5 .
t/ sfo{ Ifdtfsf] d"Nof°g ubf{ ;dfg c° k|fKt ug]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf
Ho]i7tfsf] cfwf/df a9'jf ul/g]5 / To:tf sd{rf/Lsf] Ho]i7tf lgwf{/0f ubf{ b]xfosf]
cfwf/df ul/g]5 M–
-s_ xfn axfn /x]sf] >]0fLsf] kbdf lgo'lQm jf a9'jf lg0f{o ePsf] ldltsf] cfwf/df,
-v_ v08 -s_ adf]lhd Ho]i7tf g5'l§Pdf ;f]eGbf Ps tx d'lgsf] >]0fLdf lgo'lQm jf
a9'jf lg0f{o ePsf] ldltsf] cfwf/df,
-u_ v08 -s_ / -v_ df plNnlvt s'g} klg cfwf/af6 Ho]i7tf g5'l§Pdf nf]s ;]jf
cfof]usf] l;kmfl/;sf] of]Uotfqmdsf] cfwf/df .
t/ nf]s ;]jf cfof]uaf6 v'Nnf k|ltof]lutf / a9'jf k|ltof]lutfsf] Ps} ldltdf
l;kmfl/; k|fKt ePsf] /x]5 eg] v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfaf6 l;kmfl/; ePsf] sd{rf/Lsf]
Ho]i7tf sfod ul/g]5 .
 &&s= ============
 &&v= h]i7tf / sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nofs+gsf] cfwf/df x'g] a9'jf M lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] h]i7tf /
sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofs+gåf/f a9'jf ubf{ P]gsf] bkmf @$3!s= adf]lhd a9'jf x'g] kbeGbf
Ps >]0fL d'lgsf] kbdf ;a}eGbf a9L ;]jf cjlw ePsf pDd]bjf/nfO{ a9'jf ul/g]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg a9'jf x'g] kbeGbf Ps >]0fL
d'lgsf] kbdf ;dfg ;]jf cjlw x'g] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] h]i7tf lgwf{/0f ubf{ b]xfosf]
cfwf/df ul/g]5 M–
 afx||f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .

51
-s_ xfn axfn /x]sf] >]0fL eGbf Ps >]0fL d'lgsf] kbdf lgo'lQm jf a9'jf lg0f{o
ePsf] ldltsf] cfwf/df,
-v_ v08 -s_ adf]lhd h]i7tf g5'l§Pdf xfn axfn /x]sf] kbdf a9'jf ;ldlt
jf nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] l;kmfl/;sf] of]Uotfqmdsf] cfwf/df,
t/ v'Nnf k|ltof]lutf / a9'jfsf] Ps} ldltdf l;kmfl/; k|fKt ePsf]
/x]5 eg] v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfaf6 l;kmfl/; ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] h]i7tf
sfod ul/g]5 .
-u_ v08 -s_ / -v_ df plNnlvt s'g} klg cfwf/af6 h]]i7tf g5'l§Pdf pd]/sf]
h]i7tfsf] cfwf/df .
&*= sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"Nof°g M -!_ /fhkq cglÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] jflif{s sfo{
;Dkfbgsf] d"Nof°gsf] nflu k|of]u ul/g] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"Nof°g kmf/fd cg';"rL–!%
adf]lhd / /fhkqflÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] cw{ jflif{s / jflif{s sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf]
d"Nof°gsf] nflu k|of]u ul/g] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof°gsf] kmf/fd cg';"rL–!%s= adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
-@_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"Nof°gsf] nflu d"Nof°g ul/g]
sd{rf/LeGbf sDtLdf Ps >]0fL dflysf] ;DalGwt sd{rf/L ;'kl/j]Ifs x'g]5 /
;'kl/j]IfseGbf Ps >]0fL dflysf] ;DalGwt sd{rf/L k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ x'g]5 .
t/–
-s_ /fhkq cgl°t sd{rf/L sfof{no k|d'v x'g] afx]s /fhkq cgl°t
sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;'kl/j]Ifs /fhkq cgl°t sd{rf/L x'g] 5}g .
-v_ lhNnfl:yt sfof{nox?df /fhkq cgl°t sd{rf/Lsf] k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ x'g]
/fhkqfl°t sd{rf/L gePdf k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltsf] cWoIfn] tf]s]sf]
clws[t k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ x'g]5 .
-u_ s'g} /fhkqfl°t sd{rf/Lsf] ;'kl/j]Ifs /fhkqfl°t ljlzi6 >]0fLsf]
sd{rf/L ePdf lghn] g} k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ ;d]t eO{ sfd ug]{5 .

52
-3_ sfof{no k|d'v jf ljefuLo k|d'v e} sfd ug]{ sd{rf/Ln] cfkm" dftxt
sfd ug]{ ;dfg >]0fLsf sd{rf/Lsf] ;d]t sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof°gsf] lgldQ
;'kl/j]Ifs e} sfd ug{ ;Sg]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M
d"Nof°g ul/g] sd{rf/L / lghsf] ;'kl/j]Ifs x'g] sd{rf/L ;dfg >]0fLsf]
eO{ Pp6} ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xdf a9'jfsf] nflu b'j} ;DefJo pDd]bjf/
x'g] ePdf To:tf] sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof°gsf] nflu pQm
;'kl/j]Ifs x'g] sd{rf/Ln] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof°g kmf/fddf plNnlvt
cfwf/nfO{ b[li6ut u/L cfÇgf] lnlvt dGtJo ;lxt ;f] kmf/fd
k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ jf cfkm"eGbf dflyNnf] >]0fLsf] sd{rf/L ;dIf
;'kl/j]If0fsf] lgldQ k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-ª_ /fhkqfl°t ljlzi6 >]0fLdf sfo{/t lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] / ljlzi6
>]0fLsf] kbdf sfod d'sfod eO{ sfo{/t lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{
;Dkfbg d"Nof°gsf] nflu d'Vo ;lrjn] g} ;'kl/j]Ifs, k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ /
k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltsf] ;d]t sfd ug]{5 .
-#_ /fhkq cgl°t sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"Nof°gsf] nflu b]xfosf]
k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldlt /xg]5 M–
-s_ ;DalGwt dGqfno, ;lrjfno jf cfof]usf] ;lrj jf ;DalGwt
ljefuLo k|d'vn] tf]s]sf] clws[t – cWoIf
-v_ ;DalGwt k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ – ;b:o
-u_ ;DalGwt ;'kl/j]Ifs – ;b:o
-$_ /fhkqfl°t k|yd >]0fLsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof°gsf] nflu
b]xfosf] k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldlt /xg]5 / b]xfosf] v08 -v_ / -u_ df plNnlvt kbflwsf/L
Ps}hgf ePdf pQm ;ldltsf] ;b:odf dlGqkl/ifb\\ ;lrjfnosf ;lrj klg /xg]5g\ M–
-s_ d'Vo ;lrj – cWoIf
53
-v_ ;DalGwt dGqfno, ;lrjfno, cfof]u, ljefu jf sfof{nosf]

;lrj jf ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] clws[t – ;b:o
-u_ ;]jf ;d"x ;DaGwL dGqfnosf] ;lrj – ;b:o
-$s_ o; lgoddf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] kbsf]
kbflwsf/L k|d'v x'g] lgsfodf To:tf] kb l/Qm /x]sf] jf To:tf] kbdf sfod d'sfod d's//
ePsf] cj:yfdf To:tf lgsfosf /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx? tyf ;f]
lgsfo cGtu{tsf ljefuLo k|d'vsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg b]xfosf clwsf/Laf6 x'g]5 M–
-s_;'kl/j]Ifs / k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ –k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\\sf] sfof{nosf]
;lrj
-v_ k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltM
-c_ d'Vo ;lrj – cWoIf
-cf_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;lrj – ;b:o
-O_ k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\\sf] sfof{nosf] ;lrj – ;b:o
t/ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf ;lrj sfod d'sfod ePsf] cj:yf /x]df
k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltdf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;lrjsf] :yfgdf ;a} eGbf jl/i7
;lrjn] ;b:osf] ?kdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{5g\ .
-%_ /fhkqfl°t låtLo / t[tLo >]0fLsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg
d"Nof°gsf] nflu b]xfosf] k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldlt /xg]5 M–
-s_ ;DalGwt dGqfno, ;lrjfno, cfof]u jf sfof{nosf] ;lrj jf
ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] clws[t – cWoIf
-v_ ;]jf, ;d"x ;DaGwL dGqfnosf] ;lrj jf lghn] tf]s]sf] ;DalGwt
dGqfno, ;lrjfno, cfof]u jf sfof{nosf] /fhkqfl°t k|yd
>]0fLsf] clws[t – ;b:o
-u_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] /fhkqfl°t k|yd >]0fLsf]
clws[t – ;b:o

54
t/ k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltdf tLg}hgf kbflwsf/L Pp6} dGqfnosf] x'g]

ePdf v08 -v_ adf]lhd tf]lsg] clws[t cGo dGqfnosf] tf]Sg' kg]{5 .
-^_  … … … …
-&_ ;'kl/j]Ifs, k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ / k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfo{
;Dkfbg afkt c° lb+bf sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"Nof°g kmf/fddf plNnlvt cfwf/ cg'?k lbg'
kg]{5 .
-&s_ cjsfz k|fKt u/]sf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cbfntsf] lg0f{o cg';f/ k'gj{xfnL
ePdf cjsfz k|fKt ug'{ eGbf tTsfn cl3Nnf] jif{sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof°gdf lghn] hlt
c° kfPsf] xf] lghnfO{ ;f]xL cg'kftdf c° lbOg]5 .
t/ cfiff9 d;fGt cufl8 g} k'gj{xfnL ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf lghsf] sfo{
;Dkfbg ubf{ ;f] jif{sf] k"/} cjlw dfgL d"Nof°g ul/g]5 .
-*_ k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] /fhkqfl°t sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"Nof°g
kmf/fdsf] ;DaGwdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] k|lqmof ckgfpg ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ k]z x'g cfPsf sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"Nof°g kmf/fdx? 5fgaLg u/L ;f]
kmf/fdx?df sfo{ ;Dkfbg / c° ljt/0f aLr ;fd~h:o sfod ug]{,
-v_ s'g} lgsfosf] ;dli6ut pknlAw / To;df sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{
;Dkfbgsf] d"Nof°g aLrsf] kf/:kl/s ;DaGwdfly ljrf/ ug]{,
-u_ k]z x'g cfPsf sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof°g kmf/fdx?df cfjZos b]lvPdf
k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ jf ;'kl/j]Ifs;“u k'i6\ofO“sf] dfu ug]{ jf k'glj{rf/sf] nflu
lghsxf“ k7fpg],
-3_ k'gM k]z x'g cfPsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof°g kmf/fddf k'i6\ofO“ cf}lrTok"0f{
gePsf] jf c° ;+zf]wg ;d]t geO{ cfPdf k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] o;
ljifodf l6Kk0fL u/L To:tf] ;'kl/j]Ifs jf k'g/fjnf]sgstf{sf] clen]v /fVg
;DalGwt lgsfodf n]vL k7fpg] .

55
-*s_ k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof°g

jfkt (% k|ltzt eGbf a9L / &% k|ltzt eGbf 36L c° k|bfg ug{ k/]df ;f]sf] :ki6
sf/0f v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
-(_ of] lgodfjnL k|f/De ePkl5 sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof°gsf] c° u0fgf ubf{
a9'jfsf] nflu cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{x?sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof°gnfO{ cfwf/dfgL cf};t c°
u0fgf ul/g]5 . =================
&*s= sfo{ s'zntfsf] d"Nof°g M P]gsf] bkmf !( sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -s_ / -v_ sf]
k|of]hgsf] lgldQ sfo{ s'zntfsf] d"Nof°g b]xfosf cfwf/df ul/g]5 M–
-s_ a9'jf x'g] kbflwsf/Ln] cl3Nnf] kbdf /xL sfo{ ;Dkfbg ubf{ jf g]t[Tj lb+bfsf]
cj:yfdf sfo{/t lgsfosf] sfo{ kl/0ffd / u'0f:t/ .
-v_ a9'jf x'g] kbflwsf/Ln] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ubf{ To:tf kbflwsf/Ln] b]vfPsf]
l;h{gzLntf / cu|;/tf .
-u_ a9'jf x'g] kbflwsf/Lsf] sfdk|ltsf] k|ltj4tf / cg'zf;g .
&*v=sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg ug]{ cjlw M -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] k|To]s jif{ >fj0f ;ft
ut]leq cfˆgf] jflif{s sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd e/L sfof{nodf btf{ u/L ;'kl/j]Ifs
;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L sfof{nodf btf{ eP kl5 ;f] kmf/fd btf{ ePsf] e/kfO{
;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
 -!s_ pklgod -!_ df plNnlvt cjlw ;dfKt ePsf] ef]lnkN6 ;f] adf]lhd
sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nofs+g kmf/fd btf{ ePsf sd{rf/Lsf] ;+s]t gDa/, gfd / ;ª\Vof ;lxtsf]
ljj/0f tof/ u/L ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'v jf ljefuLo k|d'vn] k|dfl0ft u/L /fVg' kg]{5
/ /fhkqfls+t lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf To;sf] Ps k|lt ljj/0f ;fdfGo k|zf;g
dGqfnodf ;d]t k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ ;'kl/j]Ifsn] >fj0f d;fGtleq d"NofÍg u/L k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ ;dIf k]z u/L
;Sg' kg]{5 .
56
-#_ /fhkqflÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] k|To]s cw{ jflif{s cjlw ;dfKt ePsf] ;ft
lbgleq cfˆgf] cw{jflif{s sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd e/L sfof{nodf btf{ u/L
;'kl/j]Ifs ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . To;/L k]z ePsf] cw{ jflif{s sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg
kmf/fddf csf]{ ;ft lbgleqdf ;'kl/j]Ifsn] d"NofÍg u/L ;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{ k[i7kf]if0f
lbg' kg]{5 . /fhkqflÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] jflif{s sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fdsf
;fydf cw{jflif{s sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd klg ;+nUg u/L ;'kl/j]Ifs ;dIf k]z
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ ;'kl/j]Ifsn] /fhkqflÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] jflif{s sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg
kmf/fdsf] d"NofÍg ubf{ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd e/]sf] cw{ jflif{s sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg
kmf/fdx?nfO{ ;d]t cfwf/ lng' kg{]5 .
-%_ k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] pklgod -@_ adf]lhd k|fKt x'g cfPsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg
d"NofÍg kmf/fd efb| kGw| ut]leq k'g/fjnf]sg u/L k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldlt ;dIf a'emfO{
;Sg' kg]{5 . k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] efb| d;fGtleq k'g/fjnf]sg u/L nf]s ;]jf cfof]u /
a9'jf ;ldlt ;dIf a'emfO{ ;Sg' kg]{5 . o;/L k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltaf6 d"NofÍg ePsf]
lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] gfdfjnL ljj/0f ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno /xg] lgsfon] cfˆgf] ;"rgf
kf6Ldf tyf pknAw eP;Dd ljB'lto ;"rgf k|0ffnL -j]e;fO6_ df ;d]t k|sfzg ug'{
kg]{5 .
-^_ ;doleq s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd k]z x'g jf
bflvn x'g gcfPsf] sf/0fn] a9'jf ;ldltn] cfˆgf] sfd sf/afxL /f]Sg afWo x'g] 5}g .
-&_ P]gsf] bkmf @$s= sf] pkbkmf -^s_ adf]lhd Dofb yk ug]{ ;do kl5 sfo{
;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd btf{ ubf{ pQm cfly{s jif{leq xfn sfo{/t sfof{nodf btf{ ul/
;Sg' kg]{5 . ;f] cfly{s jif{ kl5 sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd btf{ ePdf To:tf]
kmf/fdnfO{ dfGotf lbOg] 5}g .
t/ of] lgod k|f/De x'g' eGbf cufl8sf jif{sf] 5"6 ePsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg of]
lgod k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] tLg dlxgfleqdf btf{ u/L d"NofÍg u/L ;Sg' kg]{5 .
-*_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] s'g} jif{sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd ge/]df
To; cfly{s jif{sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg jfkt lghnfO{ ;f] cfly{s jif{sf] nflu k"0ff{Ísf]
krf; k|ltzt cÍ lbOg]5 .
57
-(_ pklgod -!_, -@_, -#_, -$_ / -%_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;dofjlwleq cfkm\gf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd btf{ u/L
;'kl/j]Ifs ;dIf k]z u/]sf] t/ ;DalGwt d"NofÍgstf{x¿af6 ;dofjlwleq d"NofÍg
ePsf] /x]g5 eg] ;DalGwt ljefuLo k|d'vn] plrt / dgfl;j sf/0f v'nfO{ /fhkq
cglÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf ;DalGwt dGqfnosf] / /fhkqflÍt lghfdtL
sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] :jLs[lt lnO{ axfnjfnf d"NofÍgstf{af6
d"NofÍg u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
t/,
-!_ dGqfno jf dGqfno:t/sf] s]Gb|Lo lgsfosf /fhkq cglÍt lghfdtL
sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf ;DalGwt dGqfno jf dGqfno:t/sf] s]Gb|Lo lgsfosf]
;lrjn] axfnjfnf d"NofÍgstf{af6 d"NofÍg u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ g]kfn Gofo ;]jfsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf ;DalGwt ljefuLo k|d'vn]
axfnjfnf d"NofÍgstf{af6 d"NofÍg u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-!)_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg ug{sf] nflu k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltsf]
a}7s /fVg] lhDd]jf/L ;DalGwt lgsfosf] k|d'v / sd{rf/L k|zf;g x]g]{ k|d'vsf] x'g]5 .
-!!_ /fhkqflÍt låtLo >]0fL;Ddsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg
ug]{ k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltsf] a}7s a:g] ;dodf s'g} lgsfosf] ljefuLo k|d'vsf] kb l/Qm
x'g uO{ k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltsf] a}7s tf]lsPsf] ;dofjlwleq a:g g;Sg] cj:yf cfPdf
To:tf lgsfodf k'g/fjnf]sgstf{sf] ?kdf / k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltsf] cWoIfsf] ?kdf sfd
ug{ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;lrjn] ;f]xL lgsfodf sfo{/t /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf
lghfdtL sd{rf/LdWo] ;a} eGbf jl/i7 clws[tnfO{ tf]sL ;dod} sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg
ug{ nufpg' kg]{5 .
&*u=sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg ug]{ cfwf/x? M -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg
ug]{ qmddf ;'kl/j]Ifsn] b]xfosf] cfwf/df d"NofÍg ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ ljbf :jLs[t gu/fO{ jf ljbfsf] cfj]bg glbO{ nuftf/ tL; lbg eGbf a9L
cg'kl:yt ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ rf/dWo] pko'Qm Pp6f kIfdf -
58
nfut, ;do, kl/df0f / u'0f_ cTo'Qd :t/sf] cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd

:t/sf] cÍ lbg],
-v_ gl;xt kfPsf] jf u|]8 /f]Ssf jf a9'jf /f]Ssfsf] ;hfo kfPsf] lghfdtL
sd{rf/LnfO{ ;f] ;hfo kfPsf] jif{df sfdsf] ;du| u'0f:t/ ;DaGwL
cfwf/df cTo'Qd :t/sf] cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg],
-u_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfk"mn] lnPsf] k]ZsL /sd sfa' jflx/sf] kl/l:ylt
k/]sf] egL sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{noaf6 k|dfl0ft u/fPsf] cj:yfdf
afx]s c? cj:yfdf cfly{s k|zf;g tyf k]ZsL km5\of}{6 ;DaGwL k|rlnt
sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL 5 dlxgfleq km5\of}{6 gu/fPsf] ePdf sfdsf] ;du|
u'0f:t/ ;DaGwL cfwf/df cTo'Qd :t/sf] cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd :t/sf]
cÍ lbg],
-3_ sfof{no k|d'v jf ljefuLo k|d'v jf cfof]hgf k|d'vsf] kbdf /x]sf]
lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfly{s jif{sf] klxnf] rf}dfl;s cjlwdf /sd lgsf;f
/ sfo{qmd :jLs[t e};s]kl5 klg jif{e/L krf; k|ltzt nIo k"/f ug{ jf
glthf k|fKt ug{ g;s]sf] ePdf sfdsf] ;du| kl/df0f ;DaGwL cfwf/df
cTo'Qd :t/sf] cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg],
-ª_ sfof{no k|d'v afx]ssf kbdf sfo{/t lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ug'{ kg]{ sfdsf]
nIo k|To]s jif{sf] klxnf] rf}dfl;s cjlwleq sd{rf/Lsf] ;fd"lxs
a}7saf6 lgwf{/0f ul/g]5 . To;/L lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] nIo To:tf] krf;
k|ltzt k"/f ug{ g;Sg] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] d"NofÍgdf v08 -3_ adf]lhd
sfdsf] ;du| kl/df0f ;DaGwL cfwf/df cTo'Qd :t/sf] cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf
pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg],
t/ v08 -3_ / -ª_ df tf]lsPsf] nIo ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf] sf/0fn]
geO{ cGo sf/0fn] k"/f x'g g;s]sf]df cÍ 36fOg] 5}g .
-r_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cg'zf;glxg sfd u/]sf] k|df0f ePdf sfdsf]
;du| u'0f:t/ ;DaGwL cfwf/df cTo'Qd :t/sf] cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd
:t/sf] cÍ lbg],
-5_ lgod &*v=sf] pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq cw{jflif{s sfo{ ;Dkfbg
d"NofÍg kmf/fd geg]{ / Dofbleq jflif{s tyf cw{ jflif{s sfo{ ;Dkfbg
59
d"NofÍg gug]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ sfdsf] ;du| u'0f / kl/df0f ;DaGwL

b'O{ cfwf/dWo] Pp6fdf cTo'Qd :t/sf] cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ
lbg],
-@_ o; lgod adf]lhdsf] cfwf/df cÍ 36fp“bf Pp6} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] Ps eGbf
a9L cfwf/df cÍ 36fpg' kg]{ ePdf Ps jif{df rf/j6fdWo] b'O{ eGbf a9L cfwf/df cÍ
36fpg' kg]{ 5}g .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf sf/0f ljBdfg x'“bfx'“b} ;f] adf]lhdsf] cÍ g36fPsf]
b]lvPdf To:tf] d"NofÍgstf{sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍgdf Ps cÍ 36fOg]5 .
-$_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd cÍ 36fpg' kg]{ ePdf klg ;f]sf] :ki6 sf/0f ;lxtsf]
sfuhft ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 .
 &*3=ph'/L ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg ug]{ qmddf ;'k/Lj]Ifs /
k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] u/]sf] d"Nofs+g pk/ lrQ ga'em\g] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] P]gsf] bkmf
@$s= sf] pkbkmf -^3_ adf]lhd ph'/ ubf{ ;DalGwt k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ eGbf Ps >]0fL
dflysf] clwsf/L ;dIf ph'/L lbg ;Sg]5 .
t/ b]xfosf sd{rf/Ln] b]xfosf clwsf/L ;dIf ph'/L lbg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ g]kfn Gofo ;]jf afx]ssf /fhkqfls+t ljlzi6 >]0fL jf k|yd >]0fLsf
sd{rf/L eP nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf jf lghn] tf]s]sf] ;f] cfof]usf]
;b:o,
-v_ g]kfn Gofo ;]jfsf] /fhkqfls+t ljlzi6 >]0fL jf k|yd >]0fLsf sd{rf/L
eP Gofo ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf jf lghn] tf]s]sf] ;f] cfof]usf] ;b:o .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ph'/L k/]df ph'/L ;'Gg] clwsf/Ln] cfjZos 5fglag
u/L kGw| lbgleq lg0f{o ul/;Sg' kg]{5 / To;sf] hfgsf/L lgj]bs tyf k'g/fjnf]sg
;ldltnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ ph'/L ;'Gg] clwsf/Ln] pklgod -#_ adf]lhd lg0f{o ubf{ ;'k/Lj]Ifs jf
k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] lbPsf] c+snfO{ g} sfod /fVg jf ;f] c+s ;+zf]wg u/L km/s c+s
k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
60
-$_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd c+s ;+zf]wg ePsf]df ;+zf]lwt c+s g} ;'k/Lj]Ifs jf
k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] lbPsf] c+s dflgg]5 .
&(= … … … …
*)= …………
*)s=ef}uf]lns If]qsf] ljj/0f M lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ljleGg ef}uf]lns If]qdf sfd u/]sf]
cg'ejsf] d"Nof°g jfkt c° lbg] k|of]hgsf] nflu ef}uf]lns If]qx?sf] ljj/0f cg';"rL–
!^ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
*)v=k'gj{xfnL ePdf kfpg] ef}uf]lns If]qsf] c° M s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/L lghfdtL ;]jfaf6
cjsfz k|fKt u/L k'gj{xfnL eO{ sfdsfh u/]df lghnfO{ cjsfz kfPsf] jif{sf]
ef}uf]lns If]qdf sfd u/] jfkt c° lb+bf P]gsf] bkmf @$u= sf] pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd
h'g ju{sf] ef}uf]lns If]qaf6 cjsfz kfO{ a;]sf] xf] ;f]xL ju{sf] ef}uf]lns If]qsf] c°
lbOg]5 .
t/ af“sL cjlwsf] nflu æ3Æ ju{sf] ef}uf]lns If]qsf] c° lbOg]5 .
*)u=j}b]lzs tfnLdsf] cjlwsf] ef}uf]lns If]qsf] cÍ M s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/L Ps} k6s jf
k6s k6s u/L b'O{ dlxgf eGbf a9L cjlw j}b]lzs tfnLddf uPsf] ePdf To:tf]
sd{rf/LnfO{ To:tf] tfnLdsf] cjlwsf] ef}uf]lns If]q afkt P]gsf] bkmf @$u=sf] pkbkmf
-%_ adf]lhd æ3Æ ju{sf] nflu tf]lsPsf] cÍsf] cfwf cÍ / b'O{ dlxgf jf ;f] eGbf sd
cjlw j}b]lzs tfnLddf uPsf lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ æ3Æ ju{ ;/xsf] cÍ lbOg]5 .
*!= … … … …
*!v=z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|df0fLs/0f ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ lghfdtL ;]jfdf :yfoL lgo'lQm
eO{ ;]jf k|j]z ug{] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfkm"n] k|fKt u/]sf] z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkqsf]
k|df0fLs/0fsf] nflu cfk"m lgo'Qm ePsf] sfof{nodf xflh/ ePsf] ldltn] k}+tL; lbgleq

61
cfk"mn] k|fKt u/]sf] z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] nJwfË kq / k|df0fkqsf] b'O{ k|lt k|ltlnlk
;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/L cfk}+mn] k|dfl0ft u/L k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;]jf k|j]z ul/;s]kl5 jf a9'jfsf] nflu yk z}lIfs
of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkq k|fKt u/L k]z u/]sf] ePdf ;d]t pklgod -!_ adf]lhd g} ug{' kg{]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk k|fKt eP kl5 ;DalGwt
sfof{non] b'O{ dlxgfleq ;DalGwt dGqfno jf dGqfno :t/sf] s]Gb|Lo lgsfodf k7fpg'
kg]{5 .
-$_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd k|df0fkq k|fKt eP kl5 ;DalGwt s]Gb|Lo lgsfon]
k|df0fLs/0fsf] nflu :jb]zleqsf lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 k|fKt u/]sf] z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkq
;DalGwt ljZjljBfno jf kl/ifb\ jf af]8{df / ljb]zL ljZjljBfno jf lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6
k|fKt u/]sf] z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkq k|rlnt g]kfn sfg"gåf/f dfGotf k|fKt
ljZjljBfno jf pRr dfWolds lzIff kl/ifb\\ jf k|fljlws lzIff tyf Joj;flos tfnLd
kl/ifb\ jf o:t} cGo ;+:yf dfkm{t ljb]zsf] ;DalGwt ljZjljBfno, kl/ifb\\ jf af]8{df
k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pklgod -$_ adf]lhd k|df0fLs/0f eO{ cfP kl5 ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt
sd{rf/L, lgh sfo{/t sfof{no / lghfdtL lstfavfgfnfO{ lbO{ To;sf] clen]v ;DalGwt
s]Gb|Lo lgsfon] cBfjlws u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
 *!u=tfnLdsf] >]0fL afktsf] cÍ M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf @$3= adf]lhd tfnLd afktsf] cÍ lb+bf
tfnLdsf] k|df0fkqdf plNnlvt >]0fLsf cfwf/df lbOg]5 .
-@_ >]0fL gv'n]sf] z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] xsdf k|fKtfÍsf] cfwf/df lqe'jg ljZjljBfno
jf g]kfnsf cGo ljZjljBfnon] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] >]0fL jf ;f] ;DaGwL gLlt cg';f/sf] >]0fL
sfod ul/g]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd >]0fL gv'n]sf] z}lIfs of]Uotf afkt låtLo >]0fL
a/fa/sf] cÍ lbO{g]5 .
-$_ ;DalGwt k|df0fkqdf >]0fL gv'n]sf] tfnLd afkt låtLo >]0fLsf] cÍ lbO{g]5 .
*!s=z}lIfs of]Uotf / tfnLdsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk k]z ug'{ kg]{ M lghfdtL ;]jfdf k|j]z
u/]kl5 s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] g]kfn ;/sf/af6 dgf]gog e} ljb]zL ljZjljBfno jf
62
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 xfl;n u/]sf] z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkq afx]s cGo
k|sf/af6 xfl;n u/]sf] ljb]zL ljZjljBfnosf] z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkq k|fKt u/]sf]
ldltn] tLg dlxgfleq k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . To:tf] k|df0fkq k]z ubf{ b]xfosf sfuhftx? k]z
ug'{ clgjfo{ x'g]5 M–
-s_ nAwf° kq .
-v_ k|df0fkq .
-u_ cjlw v'Ng] ljbf lnPsf] k|df0f .
-3_ :yfgfGt/ k|df0fkq .
-ª_ ;dsIftf lgwf{/0f u/]sf] k|df0fkq .
-r_ ldlt / ;do v'n]sf] k/LIff sfo{qmd .
-5_ k/LIff z'Ns a'emfPsf] /l;b jf k|df0f / k|j]zkq jf tT;DaGwL cGo
s'g} k|df0f .
*!v=z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|df0fLs/0f ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ lghfdtL ;]jfdf :yfoL lgo'lQm
eO{ ;]jf k|j]z ug{] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfkm"n] k|fKt u/]sf] z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkqsf]
k|df0fLs/0fsf] nflu cfk"m lgo'Qm ePsf] sfof{nodf xflh/ ePsf] ldltn] k}+tL; lbgleq
cfk"mn] k|fKt u/]sf] z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] nJw+fs kq / k|df0fkqsf] b'O{ k|lt k|ltlnlk ;DalGwt
lghfdtL sd{rf/L cfk}+mn] k|dfl0ft u/L k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;]jf k|j]z ul/;s]kl5 jf a9'jfsf] nflu yk z}lIfs
of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkq k|fKt u/L k]z u/]sf] ePdf ;d]t pklgod -!_ adf]lhd g} ug{' kg{]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk k|fKt eP kl5 ;DalGwt
sfof{non] b'O{ dlxgfleq ;DalGwt dGqfno jf dGqfno :t/sf] s]Gb|Lo lgsfodf k7fpg'
kg]{5 .
-$_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd k|df0fkq k|fKt eP kl5 ;DalGwt s]Gb|Lo lgsfon]
k|df0fLs/0fsf] nflu :jb]zleqsf lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 k|fKt u/]sf] z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkq
;DalGwt ljZjljBfno jf kl/ifb\ jf af]8{df / ljb]zL ljZjljBfno jf lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6
k|fKt u/]sf] z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkq k|rlnt g]kfn sfg"gåf/f dfGotf k|fKt
ljZjljBfno jf pRr dfWolds lzIff kl/ifb\ jf k|fljlws lzIff tyf Joj;flos tfnLd
63
kl/ifb\ jf o:t} cGo ;+:yf dfkm{t ljb]zsf] ;DalGwt ljZjljBfno, kl/ifb\ jf af]8{df
k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pklgod -$_ adf]lhd k|df0fLs/0f eO{ cfP kl5 ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt
sd{rf/L, lgh sfo{/t sfof{no / lghfdtL lstfavfgfnfO{ lbO{ To;sf] clen]v ;DalGwt
s]Gb|Lo lgsfon] cBfjlws u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
 *!u=tfnLdsf] >]0fL afktsf] c+s M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf @$3= adf]lhd tfnLd afktsf] c+s lb“bf
tfnLdsf] k|df0fkqdf plNnlvt >]0fLsf cfwf/df lbOg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df hg';'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;DalGwt k|df0fkqdf >]0fL
gv'n]sf] tfnLd afkt låtLo >]0fLsf] clbOg]5 .
*@=… … … …
*#= … … … …==
*$= a9'jf ldlt / a9'jf lgo'lQm M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf @) sf] pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd a9'jf
gfdfjnL k|sflzt ePkl5 a9'jf ph"/Lsf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ ;f] gfdfjnL k|sflzt ePsf]
ldltaf6 k}+tL; lbg;Dd a9'jf l;˚fl/; kfpg] pDd]bjf/nfO{ a9'jf lgo'lQm glbO{ k|tLIff
;"rLdf /flvg]5 . pko'{Qm a9'jf l;˚fl/; pk/ ph"/L gk/]df ;f] gfdfjnL k|sflzt ePsf]
ldltn] 5QL;f}+ lbg -ph"/ ug]{ Dofb ;lsPsf] ef]lnkN6_ sf] ldltaf6 a9'jf x'g] >]0fLsf]
Ho]i7tf sfod x'g] u/L lgo'lQm lbg' kg]{5 .
 -!s_ h]i7tf / sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nofs+gåf/f ePsf] a9'jf l;kmfl/; pk/ pklgod -!_
adf]lhd ph'/L k/]df To:tf] ph'/Lsf] 6'·f] gnfu];Dd sfo{ Ifdtfsf] d"NofÍgåf/f a9'jf
l;kmfl/; x'g] pDd]bjf/x?nfO{ ;d]t a9'jf lgo'lQm glbO{ k|ltIff ;"rLdf /flvg]5 .
 -!v_ h]i7tf / sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nofs+gåf/f ePsf] a9'jf l;kmfl/;df ;+zf]wg eO{ ;f]
l;kmfl/;af6 gfd x6]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/L sfo{Ifdtfsf] d"NofÍgåf/f x'g] a9'jfdf ;dfj]z
x'g] cj:yfdf pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lghsf] ph'/L gk/] klg pko'Qm of]Uotfqmd sfod u/L
l;kmfl/; ug'{ kg]{5 .

64
-@_ a9'jf l;˚fl/; pk/ P]gsf] bkmf @$r= adf]lhd ph"/L k/]df b]xfo cg';f/
Ho]i7tf ldlt sfod u/L lgo'lQm lbg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ P]gsf] bkmf @$r= sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd a9'jf l;˚fl/; ;+zf]wg ug]{
lg0f{o ePdf ;f] adf]lhd ;+zf]lwt gfdfjnL k|sfzg ePsf] ldltb]lv,
==========
-v_ ph"/L vf/]h ePdf jf klxn]sf] a9'jf l;˚fl/; g} sfod ePdf klxnf] k6s
a9'jf l;˚fl/; k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] 5QL;f}+ lbg b]lv, /
-u_ s'g} a9'jf ;DaGwdf cbfntdf d'2f k/L a9'jf ab/ eO{ k'gM a9'jf
;ldltaf6 a9'jf ;DaGwL lg0f{o u/]df kl5Nnf] k6s a9'jf ;ldltaf6 lg0f{o
ePsf] ldltb]lv .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd a9'jf gfdfjnL k|sfzg ePsf] ldltn] k}+tL; lbgleq
P]gsf] bkmf @)s= adf]lhd a9'jf x'g] ePdf a9'jf ;ldltn] To:tf sd{rf/Lsf] gfdfjnL
a9'jf l;kmfl/;df ;dfj]z gug{ ;Sg]5 .
*%= a9'jf ;ldltn] cfjZos Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg] M /fhkqfl°t kbx?df a9'jfsf] sf/afxL ubf{
o; kl/R5]bleq gk/]sf] ljifodf jf ;f]leq k/]sf ljifo eP tfklg lgodn] o:tf] ug]{ eGg]
s]xL ;+s]t gu/]sf] ljifodf s'g} ck|Toflzt sl7gfO{ cfO{ k/]df a9'jf ;ldltn] P]g / o;
lgodfjnLsf] p2]Zo k|lts"n gx'g] u/L cfjZos JofVof jf Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 . To:tf]
JofVof jf Joj:yfnfO{ dfu{bz{gsf] lgldQ ;DalGwt ;a} lgsfodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
*^= cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffåf/f a9'jfsf] nflu lj1fkg M lgod !$ adf]lhd lgwf{l/t
k|ltzt cg'?k cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffåf/f x'g] a9'jf ========== åf/f k"lt{ ug'{
kg]{  ============ kbx? k"lt{sf nflu nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] ;DalGwt pDd]bjf/x?sf]
hfgsf/Lsf] lgldQ lj1fkg k|sflzt ug'{ kg]{5 . ;f] lj1fkgdf a9'jf x'g] kbx?sf] ;+Vof
tyf ljj/0f, cfjZos z}lIfs of]Uotf Pj+ ;]jf cjlw, lgj]bgsf] clGtd ldlt tyf b/vf:t
a'emfpg] :yfg ;d]t v'nfOPsf] x'g' kg]{5 .

65
 *&= cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfåf/f x'g] a9'jf k/LIffdf pDd]bjf/Lsf] Joj:yfM -!_ lgod *^ adf]lhd
k|sflzt lj1fkg cg';f/ P]gsf] bkmf @! adf]lhdsf] ;]jf cjlw / z}lIfs of]Uotf k'u]sf
b]xfo adf]lhdsf sd{rf/L pDd]bjf/ x'g ;Sg]5g\ M–
-s_ /fhkqfls+t låtLo >]0fL;Ddsf] kbsf] nflu a9'jf x'g] kbeGbf Ps >]0fL
d'lgsf] kbdf lghfdtL ;]jf, Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;lrjfno ;DaGwL P]g,
@)^$ adf]lhdsf] ;]jf / g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf P]g, @)%# adf]lhdsf]
;]jfdf sfo{/t sd{rf/L .
-v_ /fhkqfls+t k|yd >]0fLsf] kbsf] nflu /fhkqfls+t låtLo >]0fLsf] kbdf
sfo{/t ;DalGwt ;]jfsf lghfdtL sd{rf/L .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg /fhkq cgls+t låtLo >]0fLsf]
kbsf] nflu lgod *^ adf]lhd k|sflzt lj1fkg cg';f/ P]gsf] bkmf & sf] pkbkmf -^_
adf]lhdsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx? pDd]bjf/ x'g ;Sg]5g\ .
*&s=a9'jf ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M  -!_ P]gsf] bkmf @)s= adf]lhd s'g} lghfdtL
sd{rf/LnfO{ a9'jf ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ /fhkqfls+t ljlzi6 / k|yd >]0fLsf] kbdf g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifb\sf]
lg0f{o cg';f/,
-v_ /fhkqfls+t låtLo / t[tLo >]0fLsf] kbdf ;DalGwt dGqfno, ;lrjfno jf
cfof]usf] ;lrjsf] lg0f{o cg';f/,
-u_ /fhkq cgls+t kbdf clVtof/jfnfsf] lg0f{o cg';f/ .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd a9'jf ubf{ ;DalGwt sfof{nodf /x]sf] clen]v /
lghfdtL lstfavfgfaf6 pQm sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfsf] cljlR5Ggtf / pd]/ a'emL a9'jf u/L
;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno / lghfdtL lstfavfgfnfO{ ;f]sf] hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ P]gsf] bkmf @)s= adf]lhd Ps >]0fL dflysf] kbdf a9'jf kfpg] lghfdtL
sd{rf/LnfO{ lghn] tNnf] kbaf6 cjsfz ln+bf kfpg] ;'ljwf eGbf sd gx'g] u/L ;'ljwf
k|bfg ul/g]5 .
 *&v= ===============

 afx||f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .
66
**= 6fOlki6 kbsf] k"lt{ / a9'jf M -!_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg lghfdtL ;]jfsf l/Qm 6fOlki6 kbx¿sf] k"lt{ / 6fOlki6 kbdf sfo{/t lghfdtL
sd{rf/Lsf] a9'jf æ6fOlki6 juL{s/0f of]hgfÆ / ;do ;dodf g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn
/fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]s]sf]] sfo{ljlw adf]lhd ul/g]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg 6fOlki6 lghfdtL sd{rf/L
;DalGwt ;]jfsf] ck|fljlws tk{msf]]  ========= kbsf] a9'jfdf ;Defljt pDd]bjf/ x'g
kfpg]5g\ .
 ==========
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ x'g ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln]
g]kfn ;/sf/ jf g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] lgsfoaf6 ;~rflnt ;]jf;“u ;DalGwt sDtLdf
Ps dlxgfsf] tfnLd lnPsf] / a9'jf x'g] kbsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf
k|fKt u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-$_ o; lgod adf]lhd a9'jf eO{ jf cGo h'g;'s} sf/0fn] ;d]t 6fOlki6 kb l/Qm
ePdf ;DalGwt sfof{non] Ps dlxgfleq ;f] kb sfod /fVg jf sDKo"6/ ck/]6/sf]
kbdf kl/jt{g ug{ n]vL k7fPdf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] kGw| lbgleq ;f] kb sfod
/flvlbg] jf sDKo"6/ ck/]6/ kbdf kl/0ft ug]{ lg0f{o ug]{5 .
-%_ pklgod -$_ adf]lhdsf] ;dofjlwleq kb sfod /fVg jf kb kl/jt{g ug{
sf/afxL grnfPdf To:tf] kb vf/]h x'g]5 .
-^_ pklgod -!_, -@_ / -#_ df /x]sf] a9'jf ;DaGwL Joj:yf g]kfn ljljw ;]jfdf
/x]sf sDKo"6/ ck/]6/ tyf ;xfos sDKo"6/ ck/]6/ kbdf sfo{/t lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf]
xsdf ;d]t nfu" x'g]5 .
*(= k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffdf a9'jfsf] cfwf/ M lghfdtL ;]jfsf l/Qm kbx?df lgod *&
adf]lhd cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds ============ k/LIffåf/f a9'jf ubf{ nf]s ;]jf cfof]un]
;~rfng u/]sf] k/LIffdf ;˚n x'g] pDd]bjf/x?dWo]af6 l;˚fl/; u/]sf] cfwf/df
ul/g]5 .

67
*(s= :jtM a9'jf ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf & sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd /fhkq
cglÍt rt'y{ >]0fLsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ /fhkq cglÍt t[tLo >]0fLsf] kbdf
sfod ubf{ To:tf] sd{rf/L sfo{/t lgsfodf :jtM /fhkq cglÍt t[tLo >]0fLsf] kb
;[hgf x'g]5 / o;/L ;[hgf ePsf] kb ;DalGwt lgsfon] lghfdtL lstfavfgfdf btf{
u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ P]gsf] bkmf & sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd :jtM a9'jf ug{ a9'jf x'g] kbsf] nflu
cfjZos kg]{ ;]jf cjlw / xfnsf] kbdf ;]jf k|j]z ubf{sf jvt tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd
z}lIfs of]Uotf k'u]sf /fhkq cglÍt t[tLo >]0fLsf lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ sfof{no
k|d'vn] To;/L ;[hgf ePsf] kbdf a9'jf lgo'lQm u/L o;/L ;[hgf ePsf] /fhkq cglÍt
låtLo >]0fLsf] kb btf{sf] nflu lghfdtL lstfavfgfdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ kmflhndf k/L jf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] cltl/Qm ;d"xdf b/jGbL /xL
cGo lgsfodf sfdsfh ug{ vl6Psf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] nflu lgh sfo{/t sfof{nodf
:jtM dflyNnf] >]0fLsf] kb ;[hgf x'g]5 . To:tf sd{rf/LnfO{ :jtM a9'jf ubf{ lghx?sf]
:yfoL lgo'lQm kq / lghfdtL lstfavfgfdf l;6/f]n btf{ ePsf] k|df0f ;d]tsf cfwf/df
pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd a9'jf ul/g]5 .
t/ c:yfoL b/jGbLdf jf lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kb gePsf] lgsfodf sfdsfh ug{
vl6Psf] ePdf kmflhn /x]sf] lgsfodf jf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnodf dflyNnf] >]0fLsf]
b/jGbL ;[hgf x'g]5 .
-$_ o; lgod adf]lhd a9'jfsf] sf/afxL ug]{ clwsf/ / bfloTj ;DalGwt sfof{no
k|d'vsf] x'g]5 .
-%_ o; lgod adf]lhd x'g] a9'jf ;DaGwL sf/afxLdf lrQ ga'em\g] lghfdtL
sd{rf/Ln] a9'jfsf] sf/afxL ug'{ kg]{ clwsf/L eGbf dflyNnf] clwsf/L ;dIf ph"/L ug{
;Sg]5 .
-^_ pklgod -%_ adf]lhd ph"/L k/]df To;/L ph"/L k/]sf] ldltn] k}+tL; lbgleq ;f]
lgj]bg ;DaGwL ljifodf clGtd lg0f{o ul/ ;Sg' kg]{5 .
68
*(v=a9'jf ldnfg ug]{ M -!_ s'g} a9'jf ;DaGwdf cbfntdf d'2f k/L a9'jf ab/ eO{ klxn]
a9'jf ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] a9'jf sfod gx'g] ePdf / klxn]sf] a9'jf / a9'jf
ab/ x'g] u/L cbfntaf6 k}m;nf ePsf] ldltsf jLrdf csf]{ lj1fkg ePsf] /x]5 /
To;/L a9'jf ab/ ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/L pQm lj1fkgdf a9'jf x'g] cj:yf /x]5 eg]
To;/L a9'jf ab/ x'“bf lj:yflkt x'g] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ l/Qm kb ePdf l/Qm kbdf /
kb l/Qm geP kl5 l/Qm x'g] ;DalGwt ;]jf, ;d"xsf] kbdf ldnfg x'g] u/L a9'jf lgo'lQm
lbOg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd a9'jf ubf{ a9'jf ;ldltn] a9'jf ab/ ePsf] lghfdtL
sd{rf/Lsf] lj1fkg ePsf] / a9'jf ab/ ePsf] cjlw aLrdf ePsf lj1fkgdf To:tf]]
sd{rf/Lsf] a9'jfsf cfwf/x?sf] k'gM d"NofÍg u/L a9'jf gfdfjnL k|sfzg eO{g;s]sf]
cj:yfdf of]Uotf qmdfg';f/ / a9'jf gfdfjnL k|sflzt eO{;s]sf] ePdf pQm lj1fkgdf
Go"gtd\ cÍ k|fKt ug]{ eGbf a9L cÍ k|fKt ug]{ cj:yf /x]5 eg] a9'jfsf] nflu l;kmfl/;
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd a9'jfsf] l;kmfl/; ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf]
Ho]i7tf lgh h'g lj1fkgaf6 a9'jf sfod x'g] xf] ;f]xL lj1fkgdf l;kmfl/; ePsf cGo
lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;/x sfod x'g]5 .
()= pd]/sf] xb gnfUg] M a9'jfsf] nflu pDd]bjf/ x'g lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ pd]/sf] xb nfUg]
5}g .
()s=g]t[Tj d"NofÍg ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ /fhkqflÍt ljlzi6 >]0fLsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf]
g]t[Tj d"NofÍgsf nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] g]t[Tj d"NofÍg ;ldlt u7g ul/g]5 M–
-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] d'Vo ;lrj – ;+of]hs
-v_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] k|zf;g tyf Joj:yfkg ljz]if1 – ;b:o
-u_ g]kfn k|zf;lgs k|lzIf0f k|lti7fgsf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs – ;b:o
-@_ /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] g]t[Tj d"NofÍgsf nflu b]xfo
adf]lhdsf] g]t[Tj d"NofÍg ;ldlt u7g ul/g]5 M–
-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] d'Vo ;lrj – ;+of]hs
-v_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] jl/i7td ;lrj – ;b:o
69
-u_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf ;lrj – ;b:o

-3_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] k|zf;g tyf Joj:yfkg ljz]if1 – ;b:o
-ª_ g]kfn k|zf;lgs k|lzIf0f k|lti7fgsf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs – ;b:o
-#_ pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltn] k|To]s jif{sf] cfiff9 d;fGt;Dd
/fhkqflÍt ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] kbdf a9'jfsf] nflu ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ x'g] ;]jf cjlw k"/f
ePsf /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] g]t[Tj Ifdtfsf] d"NofÍg u/L k|To]s
jif{sf] cfiff9 dlxgfleq g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{5 . o; ;ldltnfO{ cfjZos
kg{] ;"rgf ;DalGwt lgsfon] pknAw u/fpg' kg{]5 .
-$_ g]t[Tj d"NofÍg ;ldltn] pklgod -@_ adf]lhd g]t[Tj d"NofÍg ubf{ lghfdtL
sd{rf/Ln] g]t[Tj u/]sf] ;+:yfsf] jflif{s sfo{qmdsf] k|ult, gLlt ljZn]if0f Ifdtf, sfo{
;Dkfbg ubf{ g]t[Tj lng ;Sg] Ifdtf, lg0f{o ug]{ Ifdtf, ;]jfu|fxL ju{sf] ;Gt'i6L, j]?h'
km5\of}{6sf] k|ult, ;+j}wflgs c+usf] jflif{s k|ltj]bgdf b]lvPsf] j]?h', ;fd"lxs sfo{ k|0ffnL,
k]zfut ;+j]bglzntf, cGt/j}olQms ;DaGw tyf sfo{/t lgsfodf u/]sf] /rgfTds jf
l;h{gfTds ;'wf/ ;d]tnfO{ cfwf/ dfGg' kg]{5 .
o; pklgod adf]lhd ;ldltn] g]t[Tj d"NofÍg ubf{ ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/L
sfo{/t lgsfosf sd{rf/Laf6 uf]Ko ?kdf sfd k|ltsf] Jojxf/ / cfr/0fsf] ;"rgf ;+sng
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-%_ pklgod -#_ sf] k|ltj]bgdf d"NofÍg ubf{ pklgod -$_ adf]lhdsf cfwf/x?
cg';f/ ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] :t/ :ki6 ?kdf v'n]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-^_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] P]gsf] bkmf !% adf]lhd kb:yfkg ubf{, bkmf !* adf]lhd ;?jf
ubf{ / bkmf !( adf]lhd a9'jf ubf{ pQm k|ltj]bgnfO{ cfwf/ dfGg ;lsg]5 .
-&_ pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] k|ltj]bg uf]Ko /flvg]5 .
t/ ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] lgj]bg lbO{ dfu u/]df lghsf] :t/sf] af/]df
hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .
-*_ g]t[Tj d"NofÍgsf] cGo cfwf/ tyf sfo{ljlw ;ldltn] to u/L lgwf{/0f ug]{5 .
-(_ pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldlt k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\\sf] sfof{nodf
/xg]5 .
kl/R5]b – !!
70
tna eQf
(!= tnadfg M -!_ lgwf{l/t tnadfg cg';f/ tna kfpg] kbdf gof“ lgo'lQm kfpg] lghfdtL
sd{rf/Ln] ;f] tnadfgdf n]lvPsf] z'? tna kfpg]5 .
-@_ dflyNnf] tnadfgsf] s'g} kbdf a9'jf kfpg] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] pQm
tnadfgdf tf]lsPsf] z'? tna kfpg]5 .
t/ lghn] xfn kfO/x]sf] tna pQm dflyNnf] tnadfgsf] Go"gtd tna a/fa/ jf
;f]eGbf clws ePdf pQm dflyNnf] tnadfgdf lghsf] tna tf]Sbf b]xfo adf]lhd u/L
tf]lsg]5 M–
-s_ lghn] xfn kfO/x]sf] tna dflyNnf] tnadfgsf] z'? tna a/fa/ dfq ePdf
;f] tnadf Ps tna j[l4 yk u/L tf]lsg]5 .
-v_ ;fljs kbdf kfO/x]sf] tna a9'jf ePsf] kbsf] z'? tnaeGbf a9L ePsf]
cj:yfdf dflyNnf] kbsf] tna tf]Sbf xfn kfOcfPsf] tnadf gk'u;Ddsf]
tna j[l4 yk u/L dflyNnf] kbsf] Ps tna j[l4 ;d]t lbOg]5 .
-#_ P]gsf] bkmf #% jf bkmf #& sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd cjlw yk u/L
lgj[Qe/0fsf] nflu hDdf ;]jf cjlw sfod u/]sf] cj:yfdf lghsf] lgj[Qe/0f k|of]hgsf]
nflu ;f] yk u/]sf] cjlwsf] tna j[l4 /sd ;d]t ;dfj]z ul/g]5 .
(@= tna eQf kfpg] cGo cj:yf M -!_ Ps sfof{noaf6 csf]{ sfof{nodf ;?jf jf a9'jf
ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;fljs sfof{no 5f]8L xfnsf] sfof{nodf axfnL ug{ o;
lgodfjnL adf]lhd kfpg] tof/L Dofb ;ft lbg / af6f]sf] Dofbsf] nflu ;?jf jf a9'jf
ePsf] kb cg';f/ xfnsf] sfof{noaf6 tna -:yfgLo eQf afx]s_ kfpg]5 .
-@_ Ps sfof{noaf6 csf]{ sfof{nodf ;?jf, a9'jf jf gof“ lgo'lQm ePsf] s'g}
lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ xfnsf] sfof{nodf axfn x'g gkfp“b} g]kfn ;/sf/n] s'g} tfnLd lbg]
jf c? s'g} ;/sf/L sfddf nufpg] lg0f{o u/]df ;f] cjlwsf] nflu ;?jf, a9'jf jf gof“
lgo'lQm ePsf] kb cg';f/sf] tna -:yfgLo eQf afx]s_ lbOg]5 .
-#_ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt 5fqj[lQdf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/L
dgf]gog e} ljb]zdf cWoog tfnLd jf cWoog e|d0fdf uPsf] sf/0faf6 tTsfn a9'jf
lgo'lQm lng g;s]df jf s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/L a9'jf e} a9'jf lgo'lQm lng' cufj} d[To'
71
ePdf a9'jf ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf] ldltb]lv g} lghn] a9'jf ePsf] kb cg'?k tna eQf
nufotsf ;'ljwfx? kfpg]5 .
(#= :yfgLo eQf M s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/L :yfgLo eQf kfpg] :yfgdf a;L sfd u/]sf] ePdf
dfq To:tf] eQf kfpg]5 . s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] kb:yfkgf :yfgLo eQf kfpg] :yfgdf
ePsf] eP tfklg sfhdf jf cGo tj/n] s'g} eQf gkfpg] jf sd kfpg] :yfgdf a;L sfd
u/]df lghn] ;f] cjlw e/ :yfgLo eQf kfpg] 5}g jf To:tf] :yfgsf] lgldQ tf]lsPsf]
eQf;Dd kfpg]5 .
kl/R5]b – !@
pkrf/ vr{
($= pkrf/ vr{ M -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;]jf cjlwe/df /fhkqfl°t >]0fLsf] sd{rf/L eP
afx| dlxgf a/fa/sf], /fhkq cgl°t k|yd >]0fLsf] / ;f] ;/xsf] >]0fLljxLg sd{rf/L eP
c7f/ dlxgf a/fa/sf] / cGo /fhkq cgl°t / >]0fLljxLg sd{rf/L eP PSsfO{; dlxgf
a/fa/sf] vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tna /sd;Dd pkrf/ vr{ afkt kfpg]5 .
-@_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/L jf lghsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:o la/fdL ePdf pklgod -!_
adf]lhd kfpg] /sddf ga9\g] u/L b]xfo adf]lhd ePsf] pkrf/ vr{ g]kfn ;/sf/n]
lbg]5 M–
-s_ /f]usf] pkrf/sf] lgldQ :jLs[t lrlsT;sn] hf“r ubf{ nfu]sf] z'Ns tyf
hf“r u/L n]lvlbPsf] k|]l:qmKzg cg';f/ cf}iflw lsg]sf] vr{,
-v_ :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf egf{ x'“bf / pkrf/ u/fp“bf nfu]sf] aLn adf]lhdsf] vr{,
-u_ c:ktfn / :jLs[t lrlsT;s klg gePsf] 7fp“df ePsf] pkrf/df ljefuLo
k|d'v afx]s cGo lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf ljefuLo k|d'vn] / ljefuLo
k|d'vsf] xsdf ;DalGwt dGqfnosf] ;lrjn] l;˚fl/; u/]sf] vr{,
:ki6Ls/0f M æ:jLs[t lrlsT;sÆ eGgfn] ;/sf/L ;]jfdf /x]sf jf k|rlnt
sfg"g adf]lhd lrlsT;ssf] ?kdf btf{ ePsf 8fS6/, slj/fh, x]Ny
cl;i6]06 jf j}B ;d]tnfO{ hgfp“5 .
-3_ Knfli6s ;h{/L afx]s ;a} lsl;dsf] lr/˚f/ -;lh{sn ck/]zg_ ubf{ nfu]sf]
aLn adf]lhdsf] vr{,
72
-ª_ cf˚\gf] 3/ jf 8]/f 5f8L csf]{ lhNnf jf ljb]zdf uO{ cf}iflw pkrf/ u/fp“bf
To:tf] :yfg;Dd k'Ubfsf] / ˚s{bfsf] la/fdLsf] / s'?jf rflxg] cj:yf eP
Pshgf s'?jf;Ddsf] oftfoft vr{sf] k"/} /sd / vfgf vr{ afkt ;DalGwt
lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd kfpg] b}lgs eQfsf] krxQ/
k|ltzt /sd .
-#_ o; lgod adf]lhd kfpg] pkrf/ vr{ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] k]ZsLsf] ?kdf
lng rfx]df ;f]sf] sf/0f d'gfl;a b]lvP o; lgodsf] cwLgdf /xL kl5 lx;fa a'emfpg]
u/L k]ZsL lbg ;lsg]5 . To;/L k]ZsL lnPsf] /sd kl5 lx;fa ubf{ pkrf/ afkt kfpg]
/sdeGbf a9L x'g cfPdf a9L eP hlt /sd ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] tnaaf6
ls:tfaGbLdf s§L ul/g]5 . To;/L s§L ug'{ kg]{ /sd e'QmfgL gx'“b} ;DalGwt lghfdtL
sd{rf/L jf lghsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:osf] d[To' ePdf s§L ug{ af“sL /x]sf] /sd ldGxf
x'g]5 .
-$_ e'm§f Joxf]/f k]z u/L o; lgod adf]lhd pkrf/ vr{ dfu ug]{ jf k|fKt ug]{
lghfdtL sd{rf/L nufot To:tf] e'm§f Joxf]/f k|dfl0ft ug]{ :jLs[t lrlsT;s -sd{rf/L
ePdf_ pk/ ljefuLo sf/afxL x'g ;Sg]5 .
-%_ s'g} c:yfoL sd{rf/L la/fdL ePdf cf}iflw pkrf/sf] nflu lgsf;f lb+bf aL;
jif{sf] cjlwnfO{ ;]jfsf] k"/f cjlw dfgL To;sf] cg'kftdf la/fdL x'g] c:yfoL sd{rf/Ln]
u/]sf] ;]jf cjlwn] lx;fa u/L o; lgod adf]lhd pkrf/ vr{ lbOg]5 .
t/ c:yfoL lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;]jfaf6 cnu x'“bf eg] o; lgod adf]lhd pkrf/
vr{ kfpg] 5}g .
-^_ eljiodf ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L ;]jfaf6 avf{:t ul/Psf]
cj:yfdf afx]s c? h'g;'s} Joxf]/faf6 lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;]jfaf6 cnu x'“bf o; lgod
adf]lhd ;]jf cjlwe/df kfpg] pkrf/ vr{dWo] s]xL lnO{ jf glnO{ pkrf/ vr{ lng af“sL
/x]sf] eP To:tf] af“sL /sd Psd'i6 lng kfpg]5 .
t/ lgj[Qe/0f kfpg] u/L ;]jfaf6 cnu ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] pkrf/ vr{
afkt lng af“sL /sddf aL; jif{, kRrL; jif{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L ;]jf cjlw ePsf]
sd{rf/Ln] qmdzM bz, kGw| / aL; k|ltzt yk u/L x'g cfpg] /sd Psd'i6 lng
kfpg]5 .
73
-&_ bz jif{ ;]jf cjlw gk'u]sf] s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ cf}iflw pkrf/sf] nflu
vr{ lb+bf o; lgoddf tf]lsPsf] /sdnfO{ bz jif{ ;]jf u/] afkt kfpg] /sd dfgL
bfdf;fxLn] x'g cfpg] /sd dfq lbOg]5 .
-*_ o; lgod adf]lhd pkrf/ vr{ dfu ug]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] sfof{nodf xflh/
x'g g;Sg] u/L la/fdL ePsf] cj:yfdf la/fdL ljbf af“sL eP;Dd la/fdL ljbf g} dfu ug'{
kg]{5 . la/fdL ljbf af“sL gePdf dfq cGo ljbf dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-(_ o; lgod adf]lhd :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf egf{ eO{ jf ljb]zdf uO{ pkrf/ u/fpg' kbf{
afx]s lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ Ps jif{df lghn] vfOkfO{ cfPsf] 8]9 dlxgfsf] tna
a/fa/sf] /sd;Dd pkrf/ vr{ lbg ;lsg]5 .
-!)_ o; lgod adf]lhd lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] kfPsf] pkrf/ vr{sf] clen]v vr{
n]Vg] sfof{non] /fvL To:tf] ljj/0f ;DalGwt ljefu / lghfdtL lstfavfgfdf clen]v
/fVg k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-!!_ ;fwg ljxLg b'u{d lhNnfdf sfo{/t lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ nfu]sf] /f]u :yfgLo
:jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 pkrf/ x'g g;Sg] eO{ lghsf] HofgnfO{ g} hf]lvd x'g] cj:yf k/]df
;DalGwt dGqfnosf] ;lrjsf] :jLs[lt lnO{ To:tf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] pkrf/sf] nflu
To; 7fp“af6 ;a}eGbf glhssf] g]kfn =========== leqsf] c? s'g} ;'ljwfo'Qm :jf:Yo
;+:yfdf l56f] ;fwgåf/f n}hf“bf / Toxf“af6 ˚sf{p“bf nfUg] vr{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] Joxf]g]{5 .
(%= yk cfly{s ;xfotf M -!_ ;]jfdf axfn /x]sf] s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/L jf lghsf]
klt jf kTgLnfO{ :jb]z tyf ljb]zdf pkrf/ ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f ul7t d]l8sn af]8{n]
l;kmfl/; u/]sf] cfwf/df lgod ($ sf] pklgod -!_ adf]lhd kfpg] pkrf/ vr{sf]
cltl/Qm b]xfosf] ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df g]kfn ;/sf/n] plrt 7x¥ofPsf] yk cfly{s
;xfotf /sd lbOg]5 M–
-s_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;lrj – cWoIf
-v_ yk cfly{s ;xfotf kfpg] lghfdtL sd{rf/L sfd ug]{ lgsfosf]
;lrj jf lghn] tf]s]sf] k|ltlglw – ;b:o
-u_ cy{ dGqfnosf] ;lrj jf lghn] tf]s]sf] k|ltlglw – ;b:o
 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

74
-3_ :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfnoaf6 tf]lsPsf] jl/i7 lrlsT;s – ;b:o

-ª_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] s]Gb|Lo cWoIf – ;b:o
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltn] yk cfly{s ;xfotfsf] nflu /sd l;kmfl/;
ubf{ s8f /f]usf] xsdf pkrf/ ubf{ nfu]sf]] /sdsf] aLn adf]lhd a9Ldf kf“r nfv
?k}of“;Dd l;kmfl/; ug]{5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; lgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ‘s8f /f]uÚ eGgfn] d[uf}nf, d'6' / SofG;/
;DaGwL /f]unfO{ hgfpg]5 .
-#_ yk cfly{s ;xfotf ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] 5'§} lgb]{lzsf agfO{ nfu" ug{
;Sg]5 .
75
kl/R5]b – !#
lgj[Qe/0f, j[lQ / cGo ;'ljwf
(^= czQm j[lQ M -!_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;/sf/L sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf b'3{6gfdf k/L
c+ue+u ePsf] jf rf]6k6s nfu]sf] sf/0fn] zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s ?kdf ;/sf/L ;]jfsf]
nflu czQm ePdf To:tf] sd{rf/Ln] lghsf] hLljsfsf] lgldQ af“r'Gh]n;Dd czQmj[lQsf]
?kdf pklgod -@_ df n]lvP adf]lhdsf] lgj[Qe/0f ;lxt pklgod -%_ df n]lvP
adf]lhdsf] czQm eQf kfpg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd czQm ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf cjlw lgj[Qe/0f
kfpg] cj:yfdf k'u]sf] eP lghn] tTsfn vfOkfO{ cfPsf]
-sfod d'sfod e} sfd u/]sf] jf lgod $^ adf]lhd lgldQ e} sfd u/]sf] eP ;f]sf]
;d]t_ tnan] P]gsf] b˚f #& adf]lhd lx;fa u/L x'g cfpg] /sd a/fa/ czQm
lgj[Qe/0f kfpg]5 . To:tf] czQm ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf cjlw lgj[Qe/0f kfpg]
cj:yfdf k'u]sf] geP P]g adf]lhd lgj[Qe/0f kfpg] jif{ k'¥ofpg gk'u k|To]s k"/f jf
rfgr"g jif{sf] lgldQ bfdf;fxLaf6 /sd s§L u/L af“sL x'g cfpg] /sd lgj[Qe/0f afkt
kfpg]5 . o;/L s§L ubf{ Ps ltxfO{eGbf a9L /sd s§L ul/g] 5}g .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd czQm ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ rf]6k6ssf] cj:yf
x]/L cfly{s ;xfotf afkt bz xhf/ ?k}of“;Ddsf] /sd lbg ;lsg]5 .
=====================
-$_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd rf]6k6s nfUg uO{ pkrf/ u/fp“bf nfUg] pkrf/ vr{sf]
zt k|ltzt /sd ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] kfpg]5 . o:tf] pkrf/ vr{ kfPsf]
sf/0fn] To:tf] sd{rf/Ln] kl5 la/fdL x'“bf lgod ($ sf] pklgod -!_ adf]lhd kfpg ;Sg]
pkrf/ vr{ kfpgdf s'g} afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-%_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] czQmtf afkt pklgod -@_ adf]lhd kfpg] czQm
lgj[Qe/0fsf] cltl/Qm yk kfpg] dfl;s czQm eQfsf] /sd lghn] vfOkfO{ cfPsf]
tnasf] aL; k|ltzt a/fa/ x'g]5 .
76
:ki6Ls/0f M czQmj[lQ kfPsf jf kfpg] 7xl/Psf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] kl5 s'g}

;]jfdf k'gM k|j]z kfPdf lghn] of] lgoddf n]lvPsf] czQmj[lQ kfpg] 5}g . t/ vfOkfO{
;s]sf] czQmj[lQ jf cltl/Qm cfly{s ;xfotf /sd eg] l˚tf{ ug'{ kg]{ 5}g .
-^_ czQmj[lQ kfpg] 7xl/Psf] jf kfO/x]sf] s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ;f]
czQmj[lQ kfpg z'? ePsf] ldltn] ;ft jif{leq ePdf ;f] ;ft jif{ k"/f x'g af“sL cjlw
afkt kfpg] czQmj[lQ cg'bfgsf] ?kdf Psd'i6 /sd lgod !)! sf] pklgod -@_
adf]lhdsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:onfO{ lbOg]5 .
-&_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] hfgfhfg cfÇg} uDeL/ nfk/jfxLn] ubf{ c+ue+u ePsf]
jf rf]6k6s nfu]sf] sf/0fn] czQm ePsf]df eg] o; lgod adf]lhdsf] ;'ljwf kfpg]
5}g .
(&= c+ue+u eP jf rf]6k6s nfu] afkt kfpg] ;'ljwf M -!_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;/sf/L
sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf rf]6k6s nfUg uO{ ;]jfaf6 cjsfz lng' kg]{ geP tfklg ;f]
rf]6k6ssf] sf/0faf6 lghsf] Ifdtf j[l4nfO{ afwf kg]{ ePdf To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ nfu]sf]
rf]6k6ssf] cj:yfsf] ljrf/ u/L lghn] vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tnasf] clGtd :s]nsf] tna j[l4
jf bz xhf/ ?k}+of“;Dd Psd'i6 /sd cfly{s ;xfotf lbg ;lsg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] rf]6k6ssf] pkrf/ u/fpg cfjZos kg]{ cjlwe/sf]
lgldQ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] lghsf] s'g} klg ;+lrt ljbfaf6 ljbf s§f gx'g] u/L k"/f tna
;lxtsf] yk la/fdL ljbf kfpg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd pkrf/ u/fp“bf nfu]sf] pkrf/ vr{sf] ztk|ltzt /sd
To:tf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] kfpg]5 . o:tf] pkrf/ vr{ kfPsf] sf/0fn] To:tf] sd{rf/Ln]
kl5 la/fdL x'“bf lgod ($ sf] pklgod -!_ adf]lhd kfpg ;Sg] pkrf/ vr{ kfpgdf
s'g} afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-#s_ pklgod -#_ tyf lgod (^ sf] pklgod -$_ adf]lhd pkrf/ ubf{ cf“vf,
xft jf v'§fsf] k|Tof/f]k0f ug'{ kg]{ ePdf o;/L c+u k|Tof/f]k0f ubf{ nfUg] ;Dk"0f{ vr{ To:tf]
lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] kfpg]5 .
-$_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] hfgfhfg cfÇg} uDeL/ nfk/jfxLn] rf]6k6s nufPsf]
sf/0fn] c+ue+u ePsf]df o; lgod adf]lhdsf] ;'ljwf kfpg] 5}g .
77
-%_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd pkrf/ u/fp“bf u/fp“b} s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] d[To'
ePdf To;/L pkrf/ u/fp“bf nfu]sf] pkrf/ vr{sf] /sd lgod !)! sf] pklgod -@_
adf]lhdsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:onfO{ lbOg]5 .
-^_ o; lgod adf]lhdsf] pkrf/ vr{ kfpg c:ktfn egf{ ePsf] tLg dlxgfleq
bfjL ul/ ;Sg' kg]{5 .
 -&_ pklgod -^_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg tLg dlxgfeGbf a9L
cjlw;Dd c:ktfn egf{ eO{ pkrf/ u/fpg' kg]{ ePdf c:ktfnaf6 l8:rfh{ ePsf] ldltn]
b'O{ dlxgfleq /sd bfaL ul/ ;Sg' kg]{5 .
(*= c;fwf/0f kfl/jfl/s j[lQ tyf pkbfg M -!_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;/sf/L sfdsf]
l;nl;nfdf b'3{6gfdf k/L tTsfn d[To' ePdf jf To;sf] sf/0faf6 lgsf] gx“'+b} kl5 d[To'
ePdf lghsf] kTgL jf kltnfO{ 5'§} cfhLjg dfl;s kfl/jfl/s j[lQsf] ?kdf P]gsf] b˚f
#& sf] pkb˚f -@_ cg';f/sf] Go"gtd lgj[Qe/0fsf] krf; k|ltztn] x'g cfpg] /sd /
yk pkbfgsf] ?kdf d[ts sd{rf/Ln] vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tnasf] tLg dlxgfsf] /sd Psd'i6
lbOg]5 .
-@_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ljw'/ klt jf ljwjf kTgLnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf]
cj:yfdf dfq dfGotf lbOg]5 M–
-s_ pko'{Qm sf/0faf6 d[To' x'g] 36gf 36g' cl3 To:tf] lghfdtL sd{rf/L;“u
j}jflxs ;DaGw eO;s]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-v_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ePsf] ;dodf lgh;“u ;uf]ndf a;]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-#_ ljwjf kTgL gePdf jf kltsf] d[To'cl3 lghaf6 5'l§;s]sf] ePdf jf To:tf]
ljwjf kTgLsf] k'glj{jfx x'g'eGbf klxn] hGd]sf] lgh d[ts sd{rf/Lsf] ;Gtlt jf
wd{k'qnfO{ pklgod -!_ df tf]lsPsf] k6s] pkbfg bfdf;fxLn] Psd'i6 lbg ;lsg]5 . t/
c7f/ jif{eGbf sd pd]/sf ;Gtlt jf wd{k'q /x]5g\ eg] lghx?sf] u'hf/fsf] lgldQ g]kfn
;/sf/n] lghx?nfO{ c7f/ jif{ pd]/ gk'u'Gh]n;Ddsf] nflu bfdf;fxLn] ljwjf kTgLn] kfpg]
kfl/jfl/s j[lQsf] c+ssf] b'O{ ltxfOdf ga9\g] u/L dgfl;a 7x/fPsf] b/n] yk kfl/jfl/s j[lQ
klg lbg ;Sg]5 .
78
-$_ d[t lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ljwjf kTgL jf ljw'/ klt, ;Gtlt jf wd{k'q
wd{k'qL /x]g5g\ / lgh sd{rf/Lsf] cfl>t cfdf afa' b'a} jf tLdWo] s'g} Ps /x]5g\
eg] lghx?sf] u'hf/fsf] lgldQ ljw'/ klt jf ljwjf kTgLn] kfpg] kfl/jfl/s j[lQsf]
c+ssf] b'O{ ltxfOdf ga9\g] u/L cfhLjg kfl/jfl/s j[lQ k|bfg ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-%_ d[t lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ljwjf kTgL, ljw'/ klt jf ;Gtltsf] xsdf s'g} ljjfb
ePdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] plrt / Gofo;+ut tl/sfaf6 sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-^_ d[t lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ljw'/ klt jf ljwjf kTgL, ;Gtlt, wd{k'q
wd{k'qL jf cfdf afa' s'g} /x]g5g\ / To:tf] sd{rf/Lsf] cfl>t bfh' efO jf cljjflxtf
lbbL alxgLx? jf tLdWo] s'g} /x]5g\ eg] lghx?sf] u'hf/fsf] lgldQ g]kfn ;/sf/n]
dgfl;a b]v]sf] cjlw;Ddsf] nflu bfdf;fxLn] ljw'/ klt jf ljwjf kTgLn] kfpg]
kfl/jfl/s j[lQsf] c+ssf] b'O{ ltxfOdf ga9\g] u/L dgfl;a 7x/fPsf] b/n] kfl/jfl/s j[lQ
k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
:Kfi6Ls/0fM o; lgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ‘cfdf afa'Ú eGgfn] ljjflxt dlxnf lghfdtL
sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf lghsf] ;f;" ;;'/f ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 .
((= z}lIfs tyf ;Gtlt j[lQ M -!_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;/sf/L sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf
b'3{6gfdf k/L d[To' ePdf jf ;f]xL sf/0fn] ubf{ cfhLjg sfd ug{ g;Sg] ePdf To:tf] d[t
jf czQm sd{rf/Lsf] a9Ldf b'O{ ;GtltnfO{ c7f/ jif{sf] pd]/ gk'u'Gh]n b]xfosf] b/n]
jflif{s z}lIfs j[lQ lbOg]5 M–
-s_ /fhkqfl°t sd{rf/Lsf] k|To]s ;GtltnfO{ b'O{ xhf/ rf/;o ?k}of“,
-v_ /fhkq cgl°t / >]0fLljxLg sd{rf/Lsf] k|To]s ;GtltnfO{ Ps xhf/ cf7;o
?k}of“ .
-@_ ;/sf/L sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf d[To' ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] a9Ldf b'O{
;GtltnfO{ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] z}lIfs j[lQ nufot d[t sd{rf/L axfn /x]sf] kbsf]
z'? tna :s]nsf] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] k|ltztsf b/n] dfl;s ;Gtlt j[lt ;d]t lbOg]5 M–

79
z'? tnasf]
sd{rf/Lsf] kb k|ltzt
-s_ d'Vo ;lrj – ^
-v_ ;lrj / ;f] ;/x – ^=%
-u_ cltl/Qm ;lrj / ;f] ;/x – &
-3_ ;x–;lrj / ;f] ;/x – *
-ª_ pk;lrj / ;f] ;/x – !)
-r_ zfvf clws[t / ;f] ;/x – !@
-5_ gfoa ;'Aaf / ;f] ;/x – !@
-h_ vl/bf/ / ;f] ;/x – !@
-em_ d'lvof / ;f] ;/x – !#
-`_ alxbf/ / ;f] ;/x – !$
-6_ >]0fLljxLg tyf /fhkqcglÍt kf“rf}+ >]0fL – !%
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] j[lQ ;DalGwt ;Gtltn] c7f/ jif{ pd]/ k"/f gu/];Dd
kfpg]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; lgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æ;GtltÆ eGgfn] ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf]
5f]/f jf 5f]/L ;Demg' k5{ .
!))= ;ldltsf] Joj:yf M -!_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;/sf/L sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf b'3{6gfdf
k/L d[To' ePdf jf rf]6k6s nflu pkrf/ ug{' k/]df jf cfhLjg czQm ePdf lghn]
lghsf] kl/jf/ jf ;Gtltn] kfpg] j[lQ pkrf/ vr{ jf pkbfgsf] ;DaGwdf l;˚fl/;
ug{ b]xfosf ;b:ox? ePsf] ;ldlt /xg]5 M–
-s_ sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf l:yt ;/sf/L sfof{nosf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf –
-!_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] k|ltlglw,
-@_ cy{ dGqfnosf] k|ltlglw,

80
-#_ ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/L sfo{/t dGqfno, ;lrjfno, cfof]u jf

sfof{nosf] k|ltlglw .
-v_ sf7df8f}+ pkTosf afx]s cGo lhNnfl:yt ;/sf/L sfof{nosf] lghfdtL
sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf –
-!_ ;DalGwt lhNnfsf] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L,
-@_ ;DalGwt lhNnfsf] sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{nosf] k|d'v,
-#_ ;DalGwt d[ts sd{rf/Lsf] sfof{no k|d'v .
t/ k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L g} sfof{no k|d'v ePdf lghn] tf]s]sf]
clws[t .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ul7t ;ldltnfO{ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ;/sf/L
sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf ePsf] xf] jf xf]Og eGg] / czQmtfsf] ;DaGwdf / ;/sf/L sfdsf]
l;nl;nfdf rf]6k6s nfu]sf] xf] jf xf]Og eGg] ;DaGwdf ;d]t l;˚fl/; ug]{ clwsf/
x'g]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhdsf] l;kmfl/; b]xfosf sfuhftx?sf]] cfwf/df ug{'
kg{]5 M–
-s_ ;/sf/L sfdsf] nflu v6fPsf] k|df0f jf e|d0f cfb]z,
-v_ ;h{ldg d'r'Nsf jf k|x/L k|ltj]bg,
-u_ pkrf/ u/fPsf] c:ktfnsf] sfuhft jf ljn,
-3_ pkrf/ ug'{ kg]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/L sfo{/t lgsfosf] l;kmfl/; .
-$_ lgod (& sf] pklgod -@_ adf]lhd yk lj/fdL ljbf :jLs[t ubf{ ;d]t
pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;nfO{ cfwf/ dflgg]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; lgodfjnLsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ‘;/sf/L sfdsf] l;nl;nfÚ eGgfn] cGoyf
k|dfl0ft ePdf afx]s b]xfosf] cj:yfnfO{ hgfpg]5 M–
-s_ s'g} klg a]nf sfof{no hf“bf / sfof{noaf6 kmls{“bf jf sfof{no ;doleq
jf aflx/ s'g} klg :yfgdf sfof{nosf] sfd sfhdf vl6Psf] cj:yf,

81
-v_ ;/sf/L sfd sfhsf] nflu cGoq sfh vl6O{ uPsf] cj:yfdf sfh
cjlwe/ .
 -%_ ;ldltn] ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] l;nl;nfdf b'3{6gfdf k/]sf] xf] jf xf]Og eGg]
ljifodf olsg ubf{ pklgod -#_ adf]lhdsf sfuhft a]u/ ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf]
l;nl;nfdf b'3{6gf k/]sf] egL l;kmfl/; u/]df To:tf] l;kmfl/;sf] cfwf/df ;DalGwt
lghfdtL sd{rf/L jf lghsf] kl/jf/n] k|fKt u/]sf] ;'ljwf afktsf] /sd ;ldltdf /x]sf
;a} ;b:ox?af6 bfdf;fxLn] c;"n pk/ u/L lghx? pk/ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ljefuLo
sf/afxL ;d]t x'g ;Sg]5 .
 -^_ pklgod -%_ adf]lhd l;kmfl/; unt ePsf] k|dfl0ft ePdf To;kl5 To:tf]
l;kmfl/; adf]lhd ;DalGwt sd{rf/L jf lghsf] kl/jf/n] kfO/x]sf] ;'ljwf lbOg] 5}g .
!)!= lgj[Qe/0f ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw M -!_ pd]/ jf ;]jf cjlwsf] sf/0faf6 clgjfo{ cjsfz
kfpg] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cjsfz x'g] ldlteGbf ^ dlxgf cufj} cg';"rL–!&s=
adf]lhdsf] kmf/fd e/L cf˚" axfn /x]sf] sfof{no df˚{t lghfdtL lstfavfgfdf clgjfo{
?kn] k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ˚f/fd eg{ gkfp“+b} s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ePdf
To:tf] d[t sd{rf/Ln] OR5fPsf] JolQmn] / s;}nfO{ gOR5fPsf] eP lghsf] kl/jf/sf
;b:odWo] b]xfosf] qmdfg';f/ hf] hLljt 5 p;}n] ;DalGwt clwsf/L ;dIf ^ dlxgfleq
˚f/fd e/L k7fpg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ ;uf]nsf] klt jf kTgL,
-v_ ;uf]nsf] 5f]/f, cljjflxt 5f]/L, wd{k'q, cljjflxt wd{k'qL jf ljwjf
5f]/f a'xf/L,
-u_ ====================
-3_ ;uf]nsf] afa', cfdf,
82
-ª_ cf˚}n] kfng kf]if0f ug'{ kg]{ k'?if / cljjflxt dlxnf sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf
afh], aHo} / ljjflxt dlxnf sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf ;f;', ;;'/f / 5f]/fkl§sf]
gflt,
-r_ leGg a;]sf] klt jf kTgL,
-5_ leGg a;]sf] 5f]/f, cljjflxt 5f]/L, wd{k'q, cljjflxt wd{k'qL jf ljwjf
5f]/f a'xf/L,
-h_ leGg a;]sf] =========== afa' / cfdf,
-em_ ;uf]nsf] bfh', efO ======== / 5f]/fkl§sf] cljjflxtf gfltgL,
-`_ ;uf]nsf] cljjflxtf lbbL, alxgL, ==============
-6_ ;uf]nsf] elthf, elthL, ;f}t]gL cfdf, leGg a;]sf 5f]/fkl§sf] gflt,
cljjflxtf gfltgL,
-7_ ;uf]nsf] sfsf, ljwjf sfsL, efpHo", efO a'xf/L, gfltgL a'xf/L,
-8_ leGg a;]sf] bfh', efO,
-9_ ljjflxtf lbbL, alxgL, leGg a;]sf afh], aHo}, ===========, gfltgL a'xf/L,
elthf .
:ki6Ls/0f M Ps} qmddf PseGbf a9L gft]bf/x? tf]lsPsf] eP ;f] qmddf
tf]lsPsf] ;a} gft]bf/x?n] a/fa/ lx;fadf d[t sd{rf/Lsf] lgj[Qe/0f kfpg
;Sg]5g\ .
-#_ pklgod -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd ˚f/fd k|fKt ePkl5 lghfdtL lstfavfgfn]
cfjZos hf“ra'em u/L cjsfz k|fKt ug]{ sd{rf/L jf d[t sd{rf/Lsf] lgj[Qe/0f kfpg]
gft]bf/nfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] 9f“rfdf lgj[Qe/0fsf] clwsf/kq lbg' kg]{5 .
lgj[Qe/0fsf] nflu ˚f/fd e/L k7fpg] JolQmn] s'g 7]ufgfdf lgj[Qe/0fsf] nflu
clwsf/kq k7fO{ lbg' kg]{ xf] ;f] s'/f vf]nL lghfdtL lstfavfgfdf n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 /
;a} /Lt k'u]sf]df ;DalGwt JolQmn] kfpg] u/L k}+tL; lbgleq lgj[Qe/0fsf] clwsf/kq
;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ k7fO{ lbg' k5{ .
83
!)!s= kfl/jfl/s lgj[Qe/0f ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf #( sf] pkbkmf -#s_
adf]lhd d[ts lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] gfjfns ;GtltnfO{ lgj[Qe/0f k|bfg ubf{ ;f]xL bkmfsf]
pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd d[ts lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] klt jf kTgLn] kfP ;/xsf] /sd To:tf]
gfaflnu ;Gtlt c7f/ jif{ gk'u];Dd k|bfg ul/g]5 .
-@_ P]gsf] bkmf #(u= sf] pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd d[ts lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] gfaflnu
;GtltnfO{ lgj[Qe/0f k|bfg ubf{ ;f]xL bkmfsf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd d[ts lghfdtL
sd{rf/Lsf] klt jf kTgLn] kfP ;/xsf] /sd c7f/ jif{ gk'u];Dd k|bfg ul/g]5 .
-#_ o; lgod adf]lhd lgj[Qe/0f kfpg] ;Gtlt Ps eGbf a9L ePdf o; lgod
adf]lhd kfpg] /sdaf6 To:tf k|To]s ;GtltnfO{ ;dfg lx:;fdf pknAw u/fOg]5 .
-$_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd lgj[Qe/0f pknAw u/fp“bf s'g} ;Gtltsf] pd]/ c7f/ jif{
k'u]sf] / s'g}sf] gk'u]sf] ePdf c7f/ jif{ pd]/ gk'u]sf ;Gtltx? aLr lx;fa u/L
lgj[Qe/0fsf] lx:;f sfod ul/g]5 .
!)@= a/a'emf/y gu/]df pkbfg jf lgj[Qe/0f /f]Ssf ug{ ;lsg] M ;]jf lgj[Q lghfdtL
sd{rf/Ln] a'emfpg' kg]{ ;/sf/L gubL, lhG;L / sfuhft lgodfg';f/ ga'emfPdf To;/L
ga'emfPsf] cjlw;Ddsf] nflu lghn] kfpg] pkbfg jf lgj[Qe/0f /f]Ssf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
To:tf] ;/sf/L gubL, lhG;L / sfuhft a'‰g' kg]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] klg tf]lsPsf]
;dod} a'lemlng' kg]{5 .
!)@s=clgjfo{ cjsfzsf] nflu pd]/ u0fgf ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf ## sf]
k|of]hgsf] nflu lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] pd]/ u0fgf ubf{ P]gsf] Joj:yf cGtu{t j}olQms
ljj/0f, gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq / z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkqdf hGdldlt jif{, dlxgf / ut]
;d]t v'n]sf] / ;a}df Pp6} ldlt g/x]sf] ePdf h'g ldltaf6 klxn] cjsfz x'G5 ;f]xL
ldltaf6 cjsfz lbOg]5 .
-@_ jif{ jf ;+jt\ dfq pNn]v ePsf] k|df0fkqsf cfwf/df hGdldlt sfod ubf{
b]xfo adf]lhd sfod ul/g]5 M–
-s_ gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqsf] xsdf k|df0fkq k|fKt u/]sf] ldltsf] cfwf/df,
-v_ z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkqsf] xsdf k|df0fkq hf/L ePsf] ldltsf] cfwf/df,
-u_ l;6/f]nsf] xsdf z'? egf{ ePsf] ldltsf] cfwf/df .

84
-#_ s'g} k|df0fkqdf jif{ dfq pNn]v ePsf] / csf]{ k|df0fkqdf k"/f hGd ldlt v'n]sf]
/x]5 tyf To:tf] k|df0fkqdf plNnlvt hGd ldltx?sf] aLrdf Ps jif{;Ddsf] cGt/
b]lvPdf k"/f v'n]sf] hGdldltnfO{ cfwf/ dfGg' kg]{5 .
t/ o;/L 5'§f 5'§} k|df0fkqdf pNn]v ePsf] hGd ldltsf] cGt/ Ps jif{ eGbf a9L
ePdf jif{ dfq pNn]v ePsf] k|df0fkqsf] cfwf/df pklgod -@_ adf]lhd hGd ldlt sfod
ul/g]5 .
kl/R5]b – !$
;]jf cjlw yk ug]{ / cjsfz lbg] cfwf/
!)#= …………
!)$= …………
!)%= …………
kl/R5]b – !%
;hfo / k'g/fj]bg
!)^=;fdfGo ;hfo lbg] clwsf/L M b]xfosf] kbdf jxfn /x]sf lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ P]gsf]
bkmf %( sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/L b]xfo adf]lhd
x'g]5g\ M–
-s_ sfof{no k|d'v / lghsf] sfof{nosf] sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf
b'O{ jif{;Dd a9'jf /f]Ssf ug{]
jf a9Ldf b'O{ tna j[l4 /f]Ssf
ug{], b'O{ jif{b]lv kf“r jif{;Dd
bhf{ gl;xt lbg kfpg] clwsf/L
a9'jf /f]Ssf ug{] jf b'O{b]lv
kf“r tna j[l4;Dd /f]Ssf ug{]
;hfo ug{ kfpg] clwsf/L
! @ #

85
-!_ sfof{no k|d'v afx]s sfof{no k|d'v ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/L

c? /fhkq cglÍt eGbf sDtLdf Ps >]0fL
lghfdtL sd{rf/L dflyNnf] bhf{sf] sfof{no k|d'v,
;f] geP ljefuLo k|d'v
-@_sfof{no k|d'v afx]s ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/L
cGo /fhkqflÍt eGbf sDtLdf Ps >]0fL ljefuLo k|d'v
lghfdtL sd{rf/L dflyNnf] sfof{no k|d'v /
;f] geP ljefuLo k|d'v
-#_ /fhkq cglÍt ljefuLo k|d'v ljefuLo k|d'v
sfof{no k|d'v
-$_/fhkqflÍt sfof{no ljefuLo k|d'v ;DalGwt ;lrj
k|d'v
-v_ dGqfno jf ;lrjfno dftxtsf c? ljefuLo k|d'v / lghsf] sfof{nosf

lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿sf] ;DaGwdf
! @ #
-!_ /fhkq cglÍt lghfdtL ljefuLo k|d'v jf lghn] ljefuLo k|d'v
sd{rf/L tf]s]sf] /fhkqflÍt clws[t
-@_ljefuLo k|d'v afx]s c? ljefuLo k|d'v ;DalGwt ;lrj
/fhkqflÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/L
-#_ ljefuLo k|d'v ;DalGwt ;lrj ;DalGwt ;lrj
-u_ dGqfno tyf ;lrjfnosf] ;lrj / lghsf] sfof{nosf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf]

;DaGwdf
! @ #
-!_/fhkq cglÍt ;DalGwt dGqfno jf ;DalGwt ;lrjn] tf]s]sf]
lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;lrjfnosf] ;lrjn] tf]s]sf] /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf]
/fhkqflÍt clws[t clws[t
86
-@_dGqfno jf ;DalGwt ;lrj ;DalGwt ;lrj

;lrjfnosf] ;lrj
afx]s c? /fhkqflÍt
lghfdtL sd{rf/L
-#_ dGqfno jf g]kfn ;/sf/ g]kfn ;/sf/
;lrjfnosf] ;lrj
-3_ cbfnt tkm{sf /fhkq cglÍt tyf /fhkqflÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿sf]

;DaGwdf
! @ #
-!_ lhNnf cbfntsf /fhkq lhNnf GofofwLz jf lghn] lhNnf GofofwLz
cglÍt lghfdtL tf]s]sf] /fhkqflÍt clws[t
sd{rf/L
-@_ k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] /lhi6«f/
/fhkq cglÍt lghfdtL /lhi6«f/n] tf]s]sf]
sd{rf/L /fhkqflÍt clws[t
-#_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf /fhkq ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] /lhi6«f/n] ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] /lhi6«f/n]
cglÍt lghfdtL tf]s]sf] /fhkqflÍt låtLo tf]s]sf] /fhkqflÍt k|yd
sd{rf/L >]0fLsf] clws[t >]0fLsf] clws[t
-$_ lhNnf cbfntsf lhNnf GofofwLz lhNnf GofofwLz
/fhkqflÍt lghfdtL
sd{rf/L
-%_ k'g/fjb]g cbfntsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] /lhi6«f/
/lhi6«f/ afx]s ;f] /lhi6«f/
cbfntsf cGo
/fhkqflÍt lghfdtL
sd{rf/L
87
-^_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] /lhi6«f/ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] /lhi6«f/

/lhi6«f/ afx]s ;f]
cbfntsf cGo /fhkqflÍt
lghfdtL sd{rf/L
-&_ k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] d'Vo k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] d'Vo
/lhi6«f/ GofofwLzn] tf]s]sf] ;f]xL GofofwLz
cbfntsf] GofofwLz
-*_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLzn] tf]s]sf] k|wfg GofofwLzn] tf]s]sf]
/lhi6«f/ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz
-ª_ clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u, dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] sfof{no, nf]s ;]jf
cfof]u tyf lgjf{rg cfof]usf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿sf] ;DaGwdf
! @ #
-!_ /fhkq cglÍt lghfdtL ;DalGwt cfof]u jf ;DalGwt cfof]u jf
sd{rf/L lgsfosf] ;lrj jf ;f] lgsfosf] ;lrj jf ;f]
;/xsf] kbflwsf/Ln] ;/xsf] kbflwsf/Ln] tf]s]sf]
tf]s]sf] /fhkqflÍt /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf]
clws[t clws[t
-@_ ;lrj jf ;f] ;/xsf] ;DalGwt cfof]u jf ;DalGwt cfof]u jf
kbflwsf/L afx]s c? lgsfosf] ;lrj jf ;f] lgsfosf] ;lrj jf ;f]
/fhkqflÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;/xsf] kbflwsf/L ;/xsf] kbflwsf/L
-#_ ;lrj jf ;f] ;/xsf] g]kfn ;/sf/ g]kfn ;/sf/
kbflwsf/L
88
-r_ /fhZj Gofoflws/0fsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf

! @ #
-!_ /fhkq cglÍt lghfdtL cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] ;b:o cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] ;b:o
sd{rf/L
-@_ /fhkqflÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/L cWoIf cWoIf
-5_ dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{no tyf ;f] sfof{no dftxtsf ;/sf/L jsLn

sfof{nox¿sf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿sf] ;DaGwdf
! @ #
-!_ lhNnf ;/sf/L jsLn lhNnf GofoflwjQmf ;DalGwt k'g/fj]bg ;/sf/L
sfof{nosf /fhkq cglÍt jsLn sfof{nosf ;x
lghfdtL sd{rf/L GofoflwjQmfn] tf]s]sf] ;f]xL
sfof{nosf] pkGofoflwjQmf
jf cGo s'g} clws[t
 -@_ k'g/fj]bg ;/sf/L jsLn ;DalGwt ;DalGwt ;xGofoflwjQmf
sfof{no tyf ljz]if ;/sf/L ;xGofoflwjQmfn] tf]s]sf]
jsLn sfof{nosf /fhkq pkGofoflwjQmf jf cGo
cglÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx? s'g} clws[t
-#_dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] dxfGofoflwjQmfn] dxfGofoflwjQmfn] tf]s]sf] ;x
sfof{nosf /fhkq cglÍt tf]s]sf] /fhkqflÍt GofoflwjQmf
lghfdtL sd{rf/L clws[t
 -$_lhNnf ;/sf/L jsLn ;DalGwt k'g/fj]bg jl/i7td\ gfoa
sfof{no, k'g/fj]bg ;/sf/L ;/sf/L jsLn dxfGofoflwjQmf
jsLn sfof{no tyf ljz]if sfof{no jf ljz]if
;/sf/L jsLn sfof{nosf ;/sf/L jsLn
/fhkqflÍt låtLo / t[tLo sfof{nosf
>]0fLsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx? ;xGofoflwjQmf
89
-%_dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] jl/i7td\ gfoj dxfGofoflwjQmf

sfof{nosf /fhkqflÍt dxfGofoflwjQmf
låtLo tyf t[tLo >]0fLsf
clws[tx¿
 -^_dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] jl/i7td\ gfoa dxfGofoflwjQmf
sfof{no, k'g/fj]bg ;/sf/L dxfGofoflwjQmf
jsLn sfof{no tyf ljz]if
;/sf/L jsLn sfof{nosf
/fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf
lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?
-&_ gfoj dxfGofoflwjQmf dxfGofoflwjQmf dxfGofoflwjQmf
-h_ k|zf;sLo cbfntsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf

! @ #
-!_ /fhkq cglÍt cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] /lhi6«f/
lghfdtL sd{rf/L /fhkqfl+°t clws[t
-@_ /lhi6«f/ afx]s c? /lhi6«f/ cWoIf
/fhkqflÍt clws[t
-#_ /lhi6«f/ cWoIf cWoIf
-em_ Gofo kl/ifb\sf] ;lrj / cGo lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf

! @ #
-!_ /fhkq cglÍt ;lrjn] tf]s]sf] ;x;lrj
lghfdtL sd{rf/L /fhkqflÍt clws[t
-@_ /fhkqfl°t t[tLo / ;x;lrj ;lrj
låtLo >]0fLsf lghfdtL
sd{rf/L
90
-#_ /fhkqfl°t k|yd >]0fLsf ;lrj ;lrj

lghfdtL sd{rf/L
-$_ ;lrj Gofo kl/ifb\sf] Gofo kl/ifb\sf] cWoIfn]
cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] tf]s]sf] Gofo kl/ifb\sf]
Gofo kl/ifb\sf] ;b:o
;b:o
-`_ g]kfn sfg"g cfof]usf] ;lrj / cGo lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf

! @ #
-!_ /fhkq cglÍt ;lrjn] tf]s]sf] ;lrjn] tf]s]sf] sDtLdf
lghfdtL sd{rf/L /fhkqfl°t clws[t /fhkqflÍt låtLo >]0fLsf]
clws[t
-@_ /fhkqflÍt lghfdtL ;lrj ;lrj
sd{rf/L
-#_ ;lrj g]kfn ;/sf/ g]kfn ;/sf/
-6_ Gofo ;]jf tfnLd s]Gb|sf tfnLd k|d'v / cGo lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf
! @ #
-!_ /fhkq cglÍt lghfdtL tfnLd k|d'vn] tf]s]sf] pk tfnLd k|d'v
-@_ /fhkqflÍt t[tLo / låtLo tfnLd k|d'v tfnLd k|d'v
>]0fLsf clws[t lghfdtL
sd{rf/L
-#_ tfnLd k|d'v  sfg"g, Gofo,  sfg"g, Gofo,
;+ljwfg;ef tyf ;+ljwfg;ef tyf ;+;bLo
;+;bLo dfldnf dfldnf dGqfnosf]
dGqfnosf] ;lrj ;lrj
91
-7_ ljz]if cbfntsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf

! @ #
-!_ /fhkq cglÍt lghfdtL /lhi6«f/n] tf]s]sf] /lhi6«f/
-@_ /lhi6«f/ afx]s cGo /lhi6«f/ /lhi6«f/
/fhkqflÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/L
-#_ /lhi6«f/ cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] ;b:o cWoIf
-8_ C0f c;'nL Gofoflws/0fsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf

! @ #
-!_ /fhkq cglÍt sd{rf/L >]:t]bf/ cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] ;b:o
-@_ /fhkqflÍt sd{rf/L cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] ;b:o cWoIf
-9_ C0f c;'nL k'g/fj]bg Gofoflws/0fsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf

! @ #
-!_ /fhkq cglÍt lghfdtL >]:t]bf/ k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg]
sd{rf/L clwsf/L
-@_ /fhkqflÍt lghfdtL k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] clwsf/L k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg]
sd{rf/L clwsf/L
-0f_ >d cbfntsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf

! @ #
-!_ /fhkq cglÍt lghfdtL >]:t]bf/ d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L
sd{rf/L
-@_ /fhkqflÍt lghfdtL d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L
sd{rf/L
92
!)&= lgnDag / ;˚fO{sf] df}sf M -!_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ lgnDag ug'{ k/]df ;hfosf]
cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] lgnDag kq / P]gsf] b˚f ^^ sf] pkb˚f -!_ adf]lhd
;˚fO{ k]z ug{ n]lvPsf] kq ;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{ a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/L;“u ;˚fO{ dfu
ug'{eGbf cufj} :jo+ jf s'g} cGo clws[tåf/f P]gsf] b˚f ^^ sf] pkb˚f -@_ adf]lhd
ljefuLo hf“ra'em u/fO{ lghsf] 7x/ ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg lng ;Sg]5 .
 !)&s= sf/afxL k|f/De ug'{ kg]{ cjlw M s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ P]gsf] bkmf ^), ^)s=
jf ^! adf]lhd ljefuLo sf/afxL ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf ;[hgf ePsf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq
sf/afxLsf] k|s[of k|f/De ug'{ kg]{5 .
!)*= hf“ra'em ug]{ clws[tn] ckgfpg] sfo{ljlw M -!_ hf“ra'em ug]{ clws[tnfO{ b]xfosf]
sfo{ljlw ckgfO{ ljefuLo hf“ra'emsf] sf/afxL rnfpg] clwsf/ x'g]5 M–
-s_ aofg u/fpg], lnlvt k|df0fx? bflvn u/fpg] / ;fIfLsf] gfddf ;dfJxfg
hf/L ug]{ cflb ljifodf cbfntnfO{ eP ;/xsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] .
-v_ cleof]u nfu]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] /f]xj/df ;a't k|df0f a'‰g] .
-u_ cleof]u nfu]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;fIfL;“u lh/x ug{ / cleof]u lj?4
;a't k|df0f bflvn ug]{ df}sf lbg] .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] hf“ra'emsf] sfd ;lsPkl5 cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/L
;dIf hf“ra'em clws[tn] k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . lghn] To:tf] k|ltj]bgdf ;hfo ;DaGwL
sf/0f ;lxtsf] cfÇgf] 7x/sf] ;fy} hf] ePsf] ;a't k|df0f klg bflvn ug'{ kg]{5 .
!)(= ljefuLo hf“ra'em u/fpg' gkg]{ M b]xfosf] cj:yfdf ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln]
s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ b]xfosf] ljefuLo ;hfo ug]{ ;DaGwdf ljefuLo hf“ra'em u/fO{
/xg' kg]{ 5}g M–
-s_ P]gsf] b˚f %( sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] ;fdfGo ;hfo ug'{ k/]df .
-v_ efuL kQf gnfu]sf] jf c? s'g} sf/0fn] ;Dks{ :yflkt ug{ c;Dej ePsf]
lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo ;hfo ug'{ k/]df .
-u_ g}lts ktg b]lvg] ˚f}hbf/L cleof]udf cbfntaf6 ck/fwL k|dfl0ft ePsf]
cfwf/df s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo ;hfo lbg' k/]df .
93
-3_ e|i6frf/sf] cf/f]kdf cbfntaf6 s;"/bf/ 7xl/Psf] sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo

;hfo ug'{ k/]df .
 !!)=;kmfO{ / :ki6Ls/0f dfu ug]{ sfo{ljlw M s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo ;hfo ubf{
P]g tyf o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd b]xfo adf]lhdsf] k|lqmof k'/f u/L ;kmfO{ k]z ug]{ /
:ki6Ls/0f lbg] df}sf lbg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ ljefuLo ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] lg0f{o u/L ;DalGwt
sd{rf/LnfO{ nufOPsf] cf/f]ksf] ;DaGwdf sDtLdf kGw| lbgsf] ;do lbO{
P]gsf] bkmf ^^ adf]lhd ;kmfO{sf] df}sf lbg' kg]{,
-v_ v08 -s_ adf]lhd lbOPsf] cjlwleq ;kmfO{ k]z gu/]df jf k]z u/]sf]
;kmfO{ ;Gtf]ifhgs gePdf / To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ P]gsf] bkmf %( sf] v08
-v_ adf]lhd ljz]if ;hfo ug'{ kg]{ b]lvPdf ljefuLo ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg
kfpg] clwsf/Ln] ;kmfO{ ;Gtf]ifhgs gePsf] cfwf/ / sf/0f ;lxt ;hfo
k|:tfj u/L] tL; lbgsf] ;do lbO{ P]gsf] bkmf ^& adf]lhd :ki6Ls/0f
dfu ug'{ kg]{ .
!!!= nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lng] sfo{ljlw M s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo ;hfosf]
cfb]z lbg'eGbf klxn] ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] P]gsf] b˚f ^* adf]lhd
nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{sf] lgldQ n]vL k7fp“bf tT;DaGwdf k|:t't ePsf ;˚fO{,
:ki6Ls/0f tyf ;a't k|df0f ;d]tsf] d"Nof°g u/L ;f] cfwf/df 7x/ ug{ vf]lhPsf]
ljefuLo ;hfo ;d]t k|:tfljt u/L ;DalGwt dGqfno, ;lrjfno jf cfof]usf]] ;lrj
dfkm{t ;DalGwt ;a} ;Ssn sfuhft ;lxtsf] ˚fon ;+nUg /fvL k7fpg' kg]{5 .
!!@= ;hfosf] cfb]z / gSsn ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw M -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/L pk/ s'g} ljefuLo
;hfosf] lg0f{o ubf{ ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] ;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{ ;˚fO{ jf
:ki6Ls/0f k]z ug{ kof{Kt df}sf k|bfg eP gePsf] ;d]t ljrf/ u/L lgh sd{rf/Laf6 k]z
ePsf] ;˚fO{, :ki6Ls/0f tyf pknAw ;Dk"0f{ ;a't k|df0fsf] ;d'lrt d"Nof°g u/L :ki6
sf/0f v'nfO{ lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] ;hfosf]
cfb]zsf] ;DaGwdf cfÇgf] :ki6 /fo;fy cg';"rL–!& adf]lhd lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{5 .
94
-@_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} lghfdtL

sd{rf/LnfO{ Pp6f ;hfo k|:tfljt u/L ;˚fO{, :ki6Ls/0f dfu u/]/ kl5 csf]{ ;hfo lbg]
u/L lg0f{o ug'{ x'+b}g . t/ s'g} sf/0f k/L 36L jf a9L ;hfo ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf k/]df lgod
!!) / !!! sf] sfo{ljlw k'gM k"/f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] pklgod -!_ adf]lhd s'g} klg lghfdtL
sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo ;hfo lbg] lg0f{o ubf{ lg0f{o ldlteGbf klxn]b]lv g} nfu" x'g] u/L
lg0f{o ug'{ x'“b}g .
t/ P]gsf] bkmf ^! sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -5_ adf]lhdsf] s;"/df ;hfo ubf{
pQm adf]lhd gAa] lbg k"/f ePsf] ef]lnkN6b]lv / ;f]xL bkmfsf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -s_
/ -v_ adf]lhdsf] s;"/df ;hfo ubf{ cbfntaf6 s;"/ 7x/ ePsf] ldltb]lv nfu" x'g] u/L
lg0f{o ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-$_ s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ePsf] ljefuLo
;hfosf] cfb]zsf] Ps k|lt gSsn ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] ;DalGwt
sd{rf/LnfO{ lagf b:t"/ lbg' kg]{5 .
 -%_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lg0f{o ubf{ nf]s ;]jf cfof]uaf6 k/fdz{ k|fKt ePsf]
;ft lbgleq ;hfosf] cfb]z ;DaGwL lg0f{o u/L ;f] lg0f{osf] Ps Ps k|lt nf]s ;]jf
cfof]u / lghfdtL lstfavfgfdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
!!#= k/fdz{ ;ldltsf] u7g M s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/L pk/ P]gsf] b˚f %( sf] v08 -v_
adf]lhdsf] ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg' cl3 ;hfo lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] rfx]df lghnfO{ k/fdz{
lbg g]kfn ;/sf/n] k/fdz{ ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!!$= k'g/fj]bgsf] sfo{ljlw M s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] P]gsf] b˚f %( sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhd
cf˚"nfO{ lbPsf] ljefuLo ;hfo lj?4 k'g/fj]bg lbg' k/]df b]xfo adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw
ckgfpg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ k'g/fj]bg ug]{ sd{rf/Ln] cfÇg} gfdaf6 k'g/fj]bg lbg' kg]{5 / To:tf] k'g/fj]bg
plrt / cfb/;"rs efiffdf n]lvPsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
95
-v_ k'g/fj]bg ug]{ sd{rf/Ln] k'g/fj]bgsf] ;fydf cfÇgf] ;˚fO{sf] lgldQ hf] ePsf]
;a't k|df0f ;+nUg /fVg'sf ;fy} h'g cfb]zsf] lj?4 k'g/fj]bg ul/Psf] xf] ;f]
cfb]zsf] gSsn ;d]t ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-u_ k'g/fj]bg lb+bf k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] clwsf/LnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/L k|zf;sLo
cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg btf{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-3_ ;hfosf] cfb]z kfPsf] ldltn] k}+tL; lbgleq k'g/fj]bg lbg' kg]{5 . t/
k'g/fj]bgsf] Dofb g3fO{ k'g/fj]bg ug]{ JolQmn] kof{Kt sf/0f b]vfO{ lgj]bg
lbPdf k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] clwsf/Ln] d'gfl;a 7x/fPdf b'O{ dlxgf;Dddf k/]sf]
k'g/fj]bgnfO{ btf{ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!!%= =========================
kl/R5]b – !^
ljljw
!!^=k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf M -!_ k|To]s jif{ k|To]s lhNnfaf6 Ps hgf tyf k|To]s dGqfno,
;lrjfno, cfof]u jf ;f] cGtu{tsf ljefu / sfof{noaf6 Ps hgf pTs[i6 sd{rf/L
5gf}6 u/L g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s] adf]lhdsf] /sd k'/:sf/ :j?k lbOg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] sd{rf/L 5gf}6 ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;ldlt /xg]5 M–
-s_ dGqfno, ;lrjfno, cfof]u cGtu{tsf] sd{rf/L 5gf}6sf] xsdf –
-!_ ;DalGwt dGqfno, ;lrjfno jf cfof]usf] ;lrj – cWoIf
-@_ ;DalGwt dGqfno, ;lrjfno jf cfof]u cGtu{tsf
ljefuLo k|d'vx? – ;b:o
-v_ lhNnf:t/sf sd{rf/L 5gf}6sf] xsdf –
-!_ lhNnf GofofwLz – cWoIf
-@_ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nosf] k|ltlglw – ;b:o
-#_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{nosf] k|ltlglw – ;b:o

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .
96
-#_ o; lgod adf]lhd sd{rf/L 5gf}6 ;DaGwL dfkb08 / cfwf/ g]kfn ;/sf/n]
lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-$_ pklgod -@_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno ;DalGwt dGqfno,
;lrjfno jf cfof]udf tyf v08 -v_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno ;DalGwt lhNnf
cbfntdf /xg]5 .
!!^s=lghfdtL ;]jf k'/:sf/ M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] k|To]s jif{ lghfdtL ;]jf lbj;sf]
cj;/df lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df b]xfo
adf]lhdsf] lghfdtL ;]jf k'/:sf/ lbg]5 M–
k'/:sf/sf] gfd /sd ?= ;+Vof
-s_ ;jf]{Ts[i6 lghfdtL ;]jf
k'/:sf/ ?= @,)),))).– Ps hgfnfO{
-v_ pTs[i6 lghfdtL ;]jf
k'/:sf/ ?= !,)),))).– bz hgfnfO{
-u_ lghfdtL ;]jf k'/:sf/ ?= %),))).– tL; hgfnfO{
-!s_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k'/:sf/
k|bfg ubf{ To:tf] sd{rf/Ln] u/]sf] d'Vo sfd tyf of]ubfg pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k'/:sf/ l;kmfl/; ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;ldlt
/xg]5 M–
-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] d'Vo ;lrj – cWoIf
-v_ sfg"g tyf Gofo dGqfnosf] ;lrj – ;b:o
-u_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] s'g} ;lrj – ;b:o
-3_ ljlzi6 >]0fLaf6 ;]jf lgj[Q sd{rf/LdWo] g]kfn ;/sf/n]
tf]s]sf] JolQm – ;b:o
-ª_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;lrj – ;b:o–;lrj
 gjf} ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
97
-@s_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] s'g} ;b:osf] gfd k'/:sf/sf] nflu
l;kmfl/; ePsf] cj:yfdf k'/:sf/sf] nflu l;kmfl/; gePsf] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;a} eGbf
jl/i7 ;lrj ;ldltsf] ;b:osf] ?kdf /xg]5 .
-@v_ ;DalGwt lgsfo tyf kbflwsf/Ln] s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] gfd
k'/:sf/sf] nflu dGqfno÷;lrjfno÷cfof]udf l;kmfl/; ubf{ To:tf] sd{rf/Ln] lgod
!!^s= sf] pklgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] cfwf/ k"/f u/]sf] k|dfl0ft x'g] sfuhft ;d]t ;+nUg
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltn] pklgod -@v_ cg';f/ ;DalGwt lgsfo
tyf kbflwsf/Laf6 l;kmfl/; eO{ cfPsf] b]xfosf cfwf/ k"/f ug]{ sd{rf/LnfO{ pklgod -
!_ adf]lhdsf] k'/:sf/sf] nflu l;kmfl/; ug]{5 M–
-s_ ;jf]{Ts[i6 lghfdtL ;]jf k'/:sf/sf] nflu,–
-!_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] :yfoL kbdf kGw| jif{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L cjlw ;]jf
u/]sf],
-@_ kl5Nnf] kf“r jif{sf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof°gdf ztk|ltzt c+s k|fKt
u/]sf],
-#_ kl5Nnf] kGw| jif{df s'g} klg ljefuLo ;hfo gkfPsf],
-$_ k'/:sf/sf] nflu l;kmfl/; x'g] jif{df lghsf] gfddf JolQmut a]?h'
sfod gb]lvPsf],
-%_ ;DklQ ljj/0f lgoldt ?kdf k]z u/]sf],
-^_ c;fwf/0f ljbf lnPsf] eP To:tf] ljbf kl5 xflh/ ePsf] cjlw
sDtLdf b'O{ jif{ k"/f ePsf],
-&_ k'/:sf/sf] nflu l;kmfl/; x'g] jif{ / To;sf] cl3Nnf] jif{df cWoog
ljbf glnPsf],
-*_ kl5Nnf] kf“r jif{leq uon s§Ldf gk/]sf],
-(_ Joj:yfkg k/LIf0f ePsf]df k'/:sf/sf] nflu l;kmfl/; x'g] jif{df
lghsf] gfddf k|zf;lgs a]?h' gb]lvPsf],
-!)_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd a/a'emf/y u/]sf] .
 gjf}+] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
98
-v_ pTs[i6 lghfdtL ;]jf k'/:sf/sf] nflu,–

-!_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] :yfoL kbdf bz jif{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L cjlw ;]jf
u/]sf],
-@_ kl5Nnf] kf“r jif{sf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof°gdf ztk|ltzt c+s k|fKt
u/]sf],
-#_ kl5Nnf] bz jif{df s'g} klg ljefuLo ;hfo gkfPsf],
sfod gb]lvPsf],
-&_ k'/:sf/sf] nflu l;kmfl/; x'g] jif{ / To;sf] cl3Nnf] jif{df cWoog
ljbf glnPsf],
-*_ kl5Nnf] tLg jif{leq uon s§Ldf gk/]sf],
-u_ lghfdtL ;]jf k'/:sf/sf] nflu,–
-!_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] :yfoL kbdf kf“r jif{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L cjlw ;]jf
u/]sf],
-@_ kl5Nnf] kf“r jif{df sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof°gdf ztk|ltzt c+s k|fKt
u/]sf],
-#_ kl5Nnf] kf“r jif{df s'g} klg ljefuLo ;hfo gkfPsf],
sfod gb]lvPsf],
-&_ k'/:sf/ kfpg] jif{ / To;sf] cl3Nnf] jif{df cWoog ljbf glnPsf],
99
-*_ kl5Nnf] b'O{ jif{df uon s§Ldf gk/]sf],

-#s_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltn] k'/:sf/sf] nflu l;kmfl/; ubf{ ef}uf]lns
?kn] ;d]t ;Gt'ng ldNg] u/L lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] gfd l;kmfl/; ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#s!_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltn] cfjZos 7fg]df pklgod -#_ df
pNn]lvt cfwf/sf cltl/Qm yk cfwf/sf] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#s@_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltn] k'/:sf/sf] nflu sd{rf/Lsf] gfd
l;kmfl/; ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu o; lgod adf]lhd tf]lsPsf cfwf/x?sf] ef/ lgwf{/0f ug{
;Sg]5 .
-#s#_ o; lgod adf]lhd k'/:sf/sf] nflu l;kmfl/; ubf{ ckgfpg' kg]{ sfo{ljlw
cg';"rL–!&s!=df Joj:yf eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#s$_ pklgod -#s#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg of] lgod k|f/De
ePkl5 klxnf] k6s k'/:sf/sf] nflu l;kmfl/; ubf{ ckgfOg] sfo{ljlw pklgod -@_
adf]lhdsf] ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#v_ lghfdtL ;]jf k'/:sf/sf] ;fydf lbOg] k|df0fkqsf] 9f“rf cg';"rL–!&v=
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#u_ o; lgoddf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg g]kfn ;/sf/n]
pklgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] cfwf/ k"/f u/]sf] / ;]jfdf axfn /x“b} d[To' ePsf] sd{rf/Lsf]
kl/jf/nfO{ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df ;Ddfg ;lxt 5'§} k'/:sf/ k|bfg
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnodf
/xg]5 .
100
!!^v= lghfdtL ;]jf lbj; M -!_ k|To]s jif{sf] efb| afO{; ut] lghfdtL ;]jf lbj;
dgfOg]5 .
-@_ lghfdtL ;]jf lbj; dgfpgsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/sf d'Vo ;lrjsf] cWoIftfdf
lghfdtL ;]jf lbj; ;df/f]x ;ldltsf] u7g ul/g]5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd u7g ul/g] ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno k|wfgdGqL tyf
dlGqkl/ifb\\sf] sfof{nodf /xg]5 .
!!^u= sfo{ ;Dkfbg k|f]T;fxg sf]if M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;/sf/L sfof{nosf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg
;'wf/ u/L ;]jfdf k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg P]gsf] bkmf @*s= adf]lhd Ps sfo{ ;Dkfbg
k|f]T;fxg sf]ifsf] :yfkgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd u7g x'g] sf]ifsf] cwLgdf /xg] u/L dGqfno, cfof]u,
;lrjfno:t/sf] s]Gb|Lo lgsfodf sfo{ ;Dkfbg k|f]T;fxg sf]if :yfkgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] sf]ifdf ;DalGwt s]Gb|Lo lgsfon] cfkm" / cGtu{t
lgsfosf] ;fwf/0f tk{msf] pkef]u / sfof{no ;~rfng vr{df cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{sf]
eGbf sd vr{ u/L jrt u/]sf] /sdsf] cfwf/df g]kfn ;/sf/n] k|f]T;fxg :j?k yk u/L
lbPsf] /sd ;d]t hDdf ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
-$_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd hDdf ePsf] /sdaf6 ;DalGwt s]Gb|Lo lgsfon] cfkm" /
cfkm" cGtu{tsf lgsfosf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] d"NofÍg ug]{ dfkb08 lgwf{/0f u/L
lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg :t/sf] d"NofÍgsf] cfwf/df sd{rf/L / sfof{nonfO{
k|f]T;fxg :j?k k'/:sf/ /sd lbg ;Sg]5 .
-%_ o; lgodsf] ljk/Lt x'g] u/L s'g} klg lgsfon] sfo{ ;Dkfbg k|f]T;fxg sf]if
agfpg ;Sg] 5}g .
-^_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg sf]ifsf] Joj:yfkg, ;~rfng ug{ / dfkb08 lgwf{/0f ug{ g]kfn
;/sf/n] 5'§} lgb]{lzsf agfO{ nfu" ug{ ;Sg]5 .
 !!&=k"j{ :jLs[lt lng' kg]{ M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf $* adf]lhd s'g} a}+s jf sDkgLsf] :yfkgf,
/lhi6«]zg jf ;~rfngsf] sfddf efu lng jf s'g} Jofkf/ Joj;fo ug{ rfxg] lghfdtL
sd{rf/Ln] g]kfn ;/sf/af6 / bkmf $(s= sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -3_ jf -ª_
adf]lhdsf] sfd ug{ rfxg] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] clVtof/jfnfaf6 k"j{ :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .
101
-@_ of] lgodfjnL k|f/De x'g' eGbf klxn] k"j{ :jLs[lt lnPsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?n]
;d]t o; lgod adf]lhd k'gM :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k"j{ :jLs[lt lbg] ;DaGwdf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] 5'§}
dfkb08 agfO{ nfu" ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!!&s= lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] 6«]8 o'lgog M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf %# sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -s_
adf]lhd u7g x'g] /fli6«o:t/sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] 6]«8 o'lgog btf{ u/fpgsf] nflu sfo{
;ldltn] tf]s]sf] kbflwsf/Ln] s]Gb|Lo kbflwsf/L / ;b:ox?sf] x:tfIf/ u/fO{ ljwfg
;+nUg u/L cg';"rL–!&u= adf]lhdsf] 9f“rfdf >d tyf /f]huf/ k|j4{g ljefudf lgj]bg
lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd 6]«8 o'lgog btf{ u/fpg lbO{g] lgj]bg / ljwfg;fy 6]«8
o'lgogsf] sDtLdf aL; lhNnf sfo{ ;ldlt u7g ePsf] ljj/0f / 6«]8 o'lgogsf] ;b:otf
k|fKt ug]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 k|dfl0ft sDtLdf kf“r xhf/
;b:ox?sf] x:tfIf/ ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd k/]sf] lgj]bg ;DaGwdf bfjL lj/f]wsf] nflu kGw|
lbgsf] ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L bfjL lj/f]w k/]df ;f] ljifodf ;d]t 5fgjLg u/L btf{sf] nflu
/Lt k'u] gk'u]sf] x]/L] bfjL lj/f]w kg]{ Dofb ;dfKt ePsf] kGw| lbgleq btf{ u/L ;f]sf]
k|df0fkq lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ 6]«8 o'lgogsf /fli6«o :t/df /xg] s]Gb|Lo sfo{ ;ldlt dftxt s]Gb|Lo :t/df
ljefuLo :t/sf] ljefuLo sfo{ ;ldlt tyf lhNnf :t/df lhNnf sfo{ ;ldlt u7g x'g
;Sg]5 .
 -%_ k|To]s dGqfno÷;lrjfno÷cfof]u jf ljefu / s]Gb|Lo :t/sf sfof{nodf
/fli6«o :t/sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] 6]«8 o'lgogsf] ljefuLo :t/sf] sfo{ ;ldlt u7g x'g
;Sg]5 .
 -^_ k|To]s lhNnfdf /fli6«o :t/sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/L 6]«8 o'lgogsf] lhNnf :t/sf
sfo{ ;ldlt u7g x'g ;Sg]5 .
 -&_ ===============
 t]x|f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 t]x|f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .
102
-*_ s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/L Ps} k6s Ps eGbf a9L 6«]8 o'lgogsf] ;b:o x'g]
5}g .
-(_ 6]«8 o'lgogsf] ;b:o eO{ /x]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/L sfof{no k|d'v ePdf lghsf]
6«]8 o'lgogsf] ;b:otf :jtM lg:s[o x'g]5 / 6]«8 o'lgogdf lghsf] dtflwsf/ /xg] 5}g .
 -!)_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd btf{ ePsf 6«]8 o'lgog k|To]s rf/ jif{df gjLs/0f ug{'
kg]{5 / gjLs/0f ubf{ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] zt{ k"/f u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
t/ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] nflu tTsfn cl3 ePsf] lgjf{rgdf v;]sf] s'n
;b/ dtsf] bz k|ltzt eGbf a9L dt k|fKt ug]{ 6«]8 o'lgog gjLs/0f ug{ plNnlvt zt{
k"/f ug{' kg]{ 5}g .
 -!)s_ pklgod -!)_ adf]lhd gjLs/0f gePsf] /fli6«o :t/sf] lghfdtL
sd{rf/Lsf] 6«]8 o'lgogsf] ljefu tyf lhNnf :t/sf] 6«]8 o'lgog u7g ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
-!!_ 6]«8 o'lgogsf] ljwfgdf b]xfosf ljifox? ;dfj]z ul/Psf] x'g' kg]{5 M–
-s_ 6]«8 o'lgogsf] gfd / 7]ufgf,
-v_ 6]«8 o'lgog :yfkgf ug'{sf] p2]Zo,
-u_ sfo{ ;ldltsf] u7g ljlw / sfo{ cjlw -a9Ldf rf/ jif{ x'g]_,
-3_ ;fwf/0f ;b:otf, kbflwsf/Lx?sf] ;+Vof / ltgLx?sf] lgjf{rg k|lqmof,
-ª_ 6]8
« o'lgogsf] sf]if / To;sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf,
-r_ kbflwsf/Lx?sf] lj?4df cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj Nofpg ;lsg] Joj:yf,
-5_ 6]«8 o'lgogsf] /fli6«o clwj]zg / sfo{ ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ /
a}7s ;DaGwL Joj:yf
-h_ 6]«8 o'lgogsf] ljwfg ;+zf]wg k|lqmof,
-em_ 6]«8 o'lgog lj36g ;DaGwL Joj:yf / o;/L lj36g ePdf To;sf] ;DklQ
/ bfloTj ;DaGwL Joj:yf,
-`_ cflwsfl/s 6]«8 o'lgogdf k|ltlglwTj u/fpg] / lkmtf{ af]nfpg] ;DaGwL
Joj:yf .
 -!!s_ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogdf k|ltlglwTjsf nflu s]Gb|Lo :t/ / ljefuLo÷lhNnf
:t/df v;]sf] s'n ;b/ dtsf] bz k|ltzt dt k|fKt u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .

 t]x|f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
103
-!@_ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] lgjf{rg ;DaGwL Joj:yf b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M–
-s_ s]Gb|Lo :t/sf] cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] lgjf{rg /fli6«o :t/sf 6«]8
o'lgogaLraf6 tyf ljefuLo÷lhNnf:t/sf] cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf]
lgjf{rg ;DalGwt ljefuLo÷ lhNnf:t/sf dfGotfk|fKt 6]«8 o'lgogaLraf6
x'g]5 .
-v_ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] lgjf{rgdf k|fKt dtsf] cfwf/df ;DalGwt 6«]8
o'lgogx?n] kbflwsf/L / ;b:ox? rog u/L k7fpg]5g\ .
-u_ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] :j?k b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M–
-!_ s]Gb|Lo:t/sf] cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf kbflwsf/L Pj+
;b:ox? /xg]5g\ M–
-s_ cWoIf – !
-v_ pkfWoIf – !
-u_ dxf;lrj – !
-3_ ;lrj –!
-ª_ sf]iffWoIf – !
-r_ ;b:ox? – !^
-@_ ljefuLo÷lhNnf:t/sf] cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf
kbflwsf/L Pj+ ;b:ox? /xg]5g\ M–
-s_ cWoIf – !
-v_ pkfWoIf – !
-u_ ;lrj –!
-3_ ;x;lrj – !
-ª_ sf]iffWoIf – !
-r_ ;b:ox? – ^
-3_ s]Gb|Lo:t/sf] cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] u7g k|s[of b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M–
-!_ /fli6«o:t/sf 6«]8 o'lgogdWo]af6 6«]8 o'lgogsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf]
af“8kmf“8 b]xfo adf]lhd ul/g]5 M–
-s_ klxnf] dt k|fKt ug]{n] – cWoIf / sf]iffWoIf
-v_ bf];|f] dt k|fKt ug]{n] – dxf;lrj
104
-u_ t];|f] dt k|fKt ug]{n] – pkfWoIf

-3_ rf}yf] dt k|fKt ug]{n] – ;lrj
-@_ /fli6«o:t/sf 6«]8 o'lgogdWo]af6 cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf ;b:ox?sf]
af“8kmf“8 s"n ;b:o;+Vof !^ nfO{ !)) dfgL k|fKt dt k|ltztsf]
cfwf/df x'g]5 .
t/ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] lgjf{rgdf rf/ j6f 6«]8 o'lgog
lgjf{lrt gePsf] cj:yfdf kbsf] af“8kmf“8 ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhd yk kb
k|fKt ug]{5g\ M–
-s_ b'O{ j6f dfq 6«]8 o'lgog lgjf{lrt ePsf]df klxnf] dt k|fKt ug]{n]
pkfWoIf kb / bf];|f] dt k|fKt ug]{n] ;lrj kb .
-v_ tLg j6f dfq 6«]8 o'lgog lgjf{lrt ePsf]df klxnf] dt k|fKt
ug]{n] pkfWoIf kb .
-ª_ ljefuLo÷lhNnf:t/ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] u7g k|s[of b]xfo adf]lhd
x'g]5 M–
-!_ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] lgjf{rgdf ;DalGwt ljefu:t/df /
lhNnf:t/df v;]sf] dt k|ltztsf] cfwf/df ljefuLo÷lhNnf:t/sf]
cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] af“8kmf“8 b]xfo adf]lhd
x'g]5 M–
-s_ klxnf] dt k|fKt ug]{n] – cWoIf / sf]iffWoIf
-v_ bf];|f] dt k|fKt ug]{n] – pkfWoIf
-u_ t];|f] dt k|fKt ug]{n] – ;lrj
-3_ rf}yf] dt k|fKt ug]{n] – ;x;lrj
-@_ ;b:ox?sf] af“8kmf“8 s'n ;b:o ;+Vof ^ nfO{ !)) dfgL k|fKt dt
k|ltztsf] cfwf/df x'g]5 .
t/ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] lgjf{rgdf rf/ j6f 6«]8 o'lgog
lgjf{lrt gePsf] cj:yfdf kbsf] af“8kmf“8 ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhd yk kb
k|fKt ug]{5g\ M–
-s_ b'O{ j6f dfq 6«]8 o'lgog lgjf{lrt ePsf]df klxnf] dt k|fKt ug]{n]
;lrj kb / bf];|f] dt k|fKt ug]{n] ;x;lrj kb .
105
-v_ tLg j6f dfq 6«]8 o'lgog lgjf{lrt ePsf]df klxnf] dt k|fKt ug]{n]
 ;x;lrj kb .
-r_ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] kbfjlw lgjf{rg ePsf] ldltn] rf/ jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-5_ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] lgjf{rgsf] ldlt / ;do klxnf] k6snfO{
s]Gb|Lo:t/sf] xsdf >d tyf /f]huf/ k|j4{g ljefun] /
ljefuLo÷lhNnf:t/sf] xsdf ;DalGwt >d sfof{non] tf]Sg]5 . To; kl5
x'g] lgjf{rgsf] ldlt ;DalGwt cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgog / >d tyf /f]huf/
k|j4{g ljefu jf ;DalGwt >d sfof{nosf] cfk;L ;xdltdf to ul/g]5 .
-h_ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] lgjf{rg ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ k|s[of cflwsfl/s 6«]8
o'lgogsf] lgjf{rg ;DaGwL ljlgoddf pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-em_ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] ljwfg, lgjf{rg ;DaGwL ljlgod / sf]if
;~rfng lgb]{lzsf pklgod -!_, -@_ / -#_ adf]lhd u7g ePsf /fli6«o
:t/sf 6«]8 o'lgogx?;“u k/fdz{ u/L >d tyf /f]huf/ k|j4{g ljefun]
hf/L ug]{5 .
-!#_ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] sf]ifsf] Joj:yf b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M–
-!_ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] gfddf Pp6f sf]if /xg]5 .
-@_ sf]ifdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] /sd /xg]5 M–
-s_ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogdf lqmoflzn 6«]8 o'lgogsf ;b:ox?af6 k|fKt
;b:otf z'Ns jfktsf] /sddWo] cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogn] tf]s]sf]
/sd,
-v_ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt /sd,
-u_ ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yf / JolQmaf6 k|fKt /sd,
-3_ sf]ifsf] ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkgaf6 cfh{g ePsf] jf j[l4 ePsf] /sd,
-ª_ cGo >f]taf6 k|fKt /sd .
-#_ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] /sdsf] af“8kmf“8 / pkof]u
cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-!$_ pklgod -!@_ adf]lhd ul7t cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogn] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf]
;]jfsf] ;'/Iff, ;do ;fk]If ;'ljwf, j[QL ljsf;, sd{rf/Lsf] hLpHofgsf] ;'/Iff, sd{rf/Lsf]
106
Jofj;flos ;'/Iff h:tf sd{rf/L xs lxt;“u ;DalGwt ljifox?df dfq b]xfo adf]lhd
;fdflhs ;+jfb / ;fd"lxs ;f}bfjfhL ug{ kfpg]5 M–
-s_ :yfgLo lhNnf:t/ jf ;f] eGbf tnsf ljleGg lgsfo;“u ;DalGwt dfux?
;DalGwt lgsfodf k|:t't ug{ ;Sg]5 . o;/L k|:t't ePsf dfux?sf]
;DaGwdf :yfgLo :t/df cfk;L 5nkmn u/L ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg vf]Hg
k|oTg ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg x'g g;s]df lnlvt?kdf lhNnf
k|zf;g sfof{nodf dfusf] ?kdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L k]z ePsf]
;d:ofsf] ;DaGwdf 5nkmn u/L PSsfO{; lbgleq ;dfwfg ug{ k|of; ug'{
k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lsf] st{Jo x'g]5 . ;f] adf]lhd ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g
g;s]df ;f]sf] ljj/0f ;lxt ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-v_ dGqfno, ljefu, ;+j}wflgs lgsfo, cfof]u;“u ;DalGwt dfux? lnlvt
?kdf ;DalGwt lgsfodf k|:t't ug'{ kg]{5 / o;/L k|:t't ePsf dfux?sf]
;DaGwdf 5nkmn u/fO{ dGqfno, ;+j}wflgs lgsfo, cfof]u cfk}m+n] lg0f{o
u/L k"/f ug{ ;lsg] hfoh dfux? PSsfO{; lbgleq k"/f ug]{ / cGo
lgsfodf k]z ug'{ kg]{ ljifosf xsdf ;DalGwt lgsfodf k7fO{ ;f]sf]
hfgsf/L 6«]8 o'lgognfO{ lbg' kg]{5 / tt\tt\ lgsfon] klg ;fdflhs ;+jfb
/ ;fd"lxs ;f}bfjfhLsf] k|s[ofaf6 PSsfO{; lbgleq ;dfwfg vf]Hg' kg]{5 .
;f] adf]lhd ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g g;s]df ;f]sf] ljj/0f ;lxt ;fdfGo
k|zf;g dGqfnodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-u_ s]Gb|Lo :t/sf] cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogn] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xs lxt;“u
;DalGwt ljifodf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnodf lnlvt ?kdf dfux? k|:t't
ug{ ;Sg]5 . o;/L k]z ePsf ljifox?sf] ;DaGwdf ;fdfGo k|zf;g
dGqfno / cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgog jLr 5nkmn u/L ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg
vf]Hg' b'a}sf] st{Jo x'g]5 . ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg vf]Hg ;fdfGo k|zf;g
dGqfnon] tTk/tf gb]vfPdf jf ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg PSsfO{; lbgleq lg:sg
g;s]df cflwsfl/s o'lgogn] pQm ljifo 5nkmnsf nflu sd{rf/Lsf
aLrdf n}hfg]5 . cflwsfl/s o'lgogsf s]Gb|, ljefu / lhNnf u/L s'n
;f7L k|ltzt sfo{;ldltn] pQm dfux?df ;dy{g hgfPdf ;f] ;dy{g ;d]t
;+nUg /fvL k'gM ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnodf dfux? k]z ul/g]5 . o;/L
107
dfux? k]z ePsf] PSsfO{; lbgleq cfk;L ;xdltåf/f ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg

gePdf pQm ljifox?sf] ;dfwfgsf] nflu >d tyf oftfoft Joj:yf
dGqfnodf k7fOg]5 .
-3_ v08 -u_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf ljifodf >d tyf oftfoft Joj:yf dGqfnon]
b'j} kIf jLr jftf{ u/fO{ PSsfO{; lbgleq ljjfb ;dfwfgsf] k|oTg ug'{
kg]{5 .
-ª_ v08 -3_ adf]lhd ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg x'g g;sL sd{rf/Ln] lj/f]w sfo{qmd
;~rfng ug{ rfx]df cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogn] cfˆgf] dfu bfjL / cf}lrTo
;lxtsf] ;"rgf tL; lbg cufj} ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno ;dIf s]Gb|, ljefu
/ lhNnf:t/sf 6]«8 o'lgogdf cfj4 ;b:ox?sf] ;f7L k|ltzt dtåf/f kfl/t
u/]sf] k|:tfj / ;f] ;DaGwL lnlvt ;"rgf lbO{ To;sf] hfgsf/L >d tyf
oftfoft Joj:yf dGqfno, u[x dGqfno / >d tyf /f]huf/ k|j4{g
ljefunfO{ lbO{ qmdzM k|rf/ k|;f/ ug]{, sfnf] k§L af“Wg], sfo{ jlx:sf/ ug]{,
zflGtk"0f{ k|bz{g ug]{ / zflGtk"0f{ x8tfn ug]{ ;Ddsf ;fd"lxs ;f}bfjfhLsf
?kx? k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]5 .
t/,
-!_ s;}sf] OR5f lj?4 hf]/ ha/h:tL ug]{, s/sfk ug]{, clzi6 ?kn]
k|:t't x'g], ;fj{hlgs ;DklQsf] tf]8kmf]8 ug]{, sfof{nodf tfnfjGbL
ug]{, rSsfhfd / g]kfn jGb h:tf sfo{ ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]s]sf] :yfg, ljz]if
kl/l:ylt egL x8tfn ug{ lgif]w u/]sf] cj:yf tyf cTofjZos
;]jfx?sf] ;~rfngdf cj/f]w k'¥ofpg / x8tfn ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-r_ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogn] o; pklgod adf]lhd k|:t't u/]sf cfly{s dfux?
d'n'ssf] cfly{s cj:yf tyf IfdtfnfO{ ljrf/ u/L k"/f ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n]
k|oTg ug]{5 / o; ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/ -dlGqkl/ifb\_ sf] lg0f{o clGtd
x'g]5 .
-5_ o; pklgoddf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} Pp6f sfof{nosf]
;d:ofnfO{ lnP/ cGo sfof{nosf] sfddf afwf k'¥ofpg / x8tfn ug{
kfOg] 5}g .
108
-!%_ pklgod -!$_ sf] v08 -s_, -v_, -u_ / -3_ adf]lhdsf k|s[of rln/x]sf]
cj:yfdf / ;f] cufj} pklgod -!$_ sf] v08 -ª_ adf]lhd lj/f]wsf sfo{qmd ;~rfng
ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
-!^_ pklgod -!$_ sf] v08 -3_ adf]lhd ;fd"lxs ;f}bfjfhLsf nflu jftf{ u/fp“bf
b'j} kIfsf] a/fa/ ;+Vofdf k|ltlglwTj u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-!&_ pklgod -!$_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfo adf]lhdsf dfu jf
bfjL k|:t't ug{ kfOg] 5}g M–
-s_ ;+ljwfg k|lts"n x'g],
-v_ ck|dfl0ft jf cfwf/xLg cf/f]ksf] cfwf/df s;}sf] lxt k|lts"n x'g],
-u_ s'g} sd{rf/Lsf] JolQmut cfr/0fdf c;/ kg]{ ljifo,
-3_ lghfdtL sd{rf/L;“u c;DalGwt ljifo,
o; v08 adf]lhd s'g} ljifo lghfdtL sd{rf/L;“u ;DalGwt xf] jf
xf]Og eGg] ljifodf ljjfb ePdf dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .
-ª_ ;fdflhs ;+jfb / ;fd"lxs ;f}bfjfhL ePsf] b'O{ jif{ Joltt geO{ .
-!*_ o; lgod adf]lhd ljjfbsf] 6+'uf] nufpg ul/Psf] ;Demf}tf >d tyf oftfoft
Joj:yf dGqfnodf btf{ ul/g]5 . o; adf]lhd btf{ ul/Psf] ;Demf}tfdf nfu" x'g] ldlt
pNn]v ePsf]df ;f]xL ldltb]lv / ldlt pNn]v gePsf]df >d tyf oftfoft Joj:yf
dGqfnodf btf{ ePsf] ldltaf6 nfu" x'g]5 . ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt zt{x? kfngf ug'{ b'j}
kIfsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-!(_ ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog ;DaGwdf s'g} ljjfb pTkGg ePdf cfk;L 5nkmnaf6
;dfwfg ul/g]5 . 5nkmnaf6 ;d]t ;dfwfg x'g g;s]df ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu >d
cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;lsg]5 . ;f] ljifodf >d cbfntsf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .
!!&v=sd{rf/L ;DaGw ;ldlt M -!_ lghfdtL ;]jfnfO{ ;do ;fk]If ;'wf/ u/L hgd'vL
agfpg, sd{rf/Lsf] dgf]jn clej[l4 ug{ / c;n sfo{ ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; ug{sf] nflu
cfk;L 5nkmn ljrf/ ljdz{ u/L ;'emfj lbg / ;d;fdlos ljifox? sfof{Gjog ug{
b]xfosf] ;ldlt /xg]5 M–
-s_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqL –cWoIf
109
-v_ d'Vo ;lrj –;b:o

-u_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf ;lrj –;b:o
-3_ >d tyf /f]huf/ dGqfnosf ;lrj –;b:o
-ª_ cy{ dGqfnosf ;lrj –;b:o
-r_ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf cWoIf / dxf;lrj –;b:o
-@_ ;ldltsf] a}7s cfjZostf cg';f/ cWoIfn] af]nfpg]5 .
-#_ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] s]Gb|Lo sfo{ ;ldltsf] ax'dtn] lg0f{o u/L a}7s
af]nfpgsf] nflu cWoIf ;dIf lnlvt lgj]bg lbPdf lgj]bg k|fKt ePsf] kGw| lbgleq
cWoIfn] a}7s af]nfpg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ ;ldltsf] sfo{ljlw ;ldlt cfk}m+n] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!!*= ;Dklt ljj/0f k]z ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ k|To]s lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf]
;f7L lbgleq cg';"rL–!* adf]lhdsf] ;DklQ ljj/0f ;DalGwt sfof{no dfk{mt lghfdtL
lstfavfgfdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ gof“ lgo'lQm x'g] sd{rf/Ln] pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;DklQ ljj/0f lgo'lQm
ePsf] ;f7L lbgleq k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
 -#_ pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq ;DklQ ljj/0f ga'emfpg] lghfdtL
sd{rf/Lx?sf] jflif{s ljj/0f lghfdtL lstfavfgfn] ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno, ;]jf, ;d"x
jf pk;d"x ;~rfng ug]{ dGqfno / /fli6««o ;ts{tf s]Gb|df To:tf] ljj/0f bflvnf ug'{ kg]{
clGtd Dofb ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq k7fO{ ;Sg' kg]{5 .
!!(= crn ;DklQ v/Lb u/]sf] hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{ M lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfÇgf] jf cfÇgf]
kl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:osf] gfddf s'g} crn ;DklQ v/Lb u/L jf cGo tl/sfåf/f k|fKt
u/]df To;/L v/Lb jf k|fKt u/]sf] Ps dlxgfleq To; afkt nfu]sf] df]n ;d]tsf] ljj/0f
vf]nL cfÇgf] sfof{nodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
!!(s=kf]zfs nufpg' kg]{ M -!_ k|To]s lghfdtL sd{rf/L sfof{nodf pkl:yt x'“bf g]kfn
;/sf/n] tf]s] adf]lhdsf] kf]zfs nufpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|ltlglwTj u/L cf}krfl/s sfo{qmddf efu
ln“bf pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] kf]zfs nufpg' kg]{5 .
110
-#_ pklgod -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s] adf]lhdsf] kf]zfs eQf
k|To]s jif{sf] r}q dlxgfsf] tna;“u} e'QmfgL ul/g]5 .
 !!(v=lg/LIf0f tyf ;dLIff ug]{ M -!_ sfof{no k|d'v jf ljefuLo k|d'vn] cfkm\gf] sfof{nosf
sd{rf/Lx?n] sfof{no ;dosf] kfngf u/] gu/]sf], sfd sf/afxLdf nfk/afxL jf
l9nf;':tL eP gePsf] jf ;]jfu|fxLnfO{ ;dod} ;]jf lbP glbPsf] ;DaGwdf ;do ;dodf
;'k/Lj]If0f / 58\s] lg/LIf0f u/L To;sf] cBfjlws ljj/0f dfl;s ?kdf tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ dGqfno, ljefu tyf If]qLo / lhNnf :t/Lo sfof{non] cfk"m dftxtsf
sfof{nosf] jif{df sDtLdf Ps k6s lg/LIf0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd lg/LIf0f ubf{ b]lvPsf ;'wf/ ug'{ kg]{ jf ;Rofpg' kg]{
ljifodf ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ lgb]{zg lbg], 5fglag Pj+ sf/afxL ug'{ kg]{ ljifodf tTsfn
sf/afxL z'? ug]{ tyf l;kmfl/; ug'{ kg]{ ljifodf tTsfn ;DalGwt lgsfodf l;kmfl/; ug]{
bfloTj o;/L lg/LIf0f ug]{ lgsfosf] x'g]5 .
-$_ pklgod -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] cfkm"
sfo{/t lhNnfl:yt sfof{nox?sf] ;do ;dodf lg/LIf0f u/L cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg
;Sg]5 .
-%_ sfof{no k|d'v jf ljefuLo k|d'vn] k|To]s dlxgf ;dfKt x'gf;fy sd{rf/L a}7s
u/L cfˆgf] sfof{no cGtu{tsf] cl3Nnf] dlxgf;Ddsf] k|ult ;dLIff tyf cfufdL dlxgf
ug'{ kg]{ sfo{qmdsf] lgwf{/0f u/L To;sf] ljj/0f dflyNnf] lgsfo ;dIf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
!@)= ax' ljjfx, afn ljjfx, cgd]n ljjfxdf k|ltaGw M s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] d'n'sL
P]g ljxfj/Lsf] dxnsf] ljk/Lt x'g] u/L ax' ljjfx, afn ljjfx / cgd]n ljjfx ug'{
u/fpg' x'“b}g .
!@)s=lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] kl/rokq ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ sfof{nodf sfo{/t /x]sf] ;dodf
k|To]s lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] kl/rokq nufpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] kl/rokqsf] 9f“rf cg';"rL–!( adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!@!= xfgL gf]S;fgL k'¥ofpg gx'g] M o; lgodfjnLdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] c;fjwfgL;fy jf cg'zf;gdf g/xL jf hfgfhfg q'6Lk"0f{
111
9+uaf6 sfd u/L g]kfn ;/sf/ jf ;/sf/L sfof{nonfO{ s'g} k|sf/sf] xfgL gf]S;fgL
k'¥ofpg' x'“b}g .
!@@= v6fOPsf] sfof{no jf :yfgdf sfd ug'{ kg]{ M s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cf˚"nfO{
kb:yfkg jf ;?jf ul/Psf] sfof{no jf :yfgdf xflh/ eO{ tf]lsPsf] sfdsfh ug'{ kg]{5 .
!@@s= lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] g}lts bfloTjM lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] st{Jo kfngf ubf{
b]xfosf g}lts bfloTjnfO{ Wofg lbg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ ;]jfu|fxLx? k|lt ;dfg lsl;dsf] Jojxf/ ug]{,
-v_ /fi6« / hgtfsf] j[xQ/ lxtnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg],
-u_ j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] ljt/0fsf] dfkb08 / sfo{ljlwsf] kf/blz{tf sfod
/fVg],
-3_ ;fj{hlgs ;DklQsf] ;+/If0f ug]{,
-ª_ ;fwg / ;|f]tsf] ldtJolotfk"j{s kl/rfng ug]{,
-r_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg k|s[ofnfO{ ;/nLs/0f ug]{,
-5_ Go"gtd ;dodf sfo{ lhDd]jf/L ;Dkfbg ug{ k|oTg/t /xg],
-h_ cfwf/e"t dfgjLo d"No / dfGotf k|lt ;Ddfg ug]{,
-em_ ;a} ;d'bfo / If]q k|lt ;dfg b[li6sf]0f /fvL ;dfg Jojxf/ / ;Ddfg
ug]{ .
!@#= klxn]sf] ;]jf cjlwsf] u0fgf M -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] klxn]sf] ;]jf cjlwsf] u0fgf ubf{
b]xfo adf]lhd u0fgf ul/g]5 M–
-s_ a9'jfsf] nflu h]i7tf u0fgfsf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ klxn] lghfdtL ;]jf jf
kbdf :yfoL lgo'lQm eO{ u/]sf] ;]jf cjlw -aLrdf 6'6]sf] eP 6'6]sf] cjlw
s6fO{_ afkt zt k|ltzt / klxn] ljsf; t˚{sf] kbdf ;]jf u/L ;f] ;]jfnfO{
cljl5Gg /fvL tyf klxn] lghfdtL ;]jfsf] ;fwf/0ft˚{sf] kbdf Ps
jif{eGbf a9L c:yfoL ;]jf u/L ;f] ;]jfnfO{ cljlR5Gg /fvL lghfdtL ;]jft˚{
:yfoL lgo'lQm kfPsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;fljssf] ljsf; jf c:yfoL ;]jf
cjlwsf] u0fgf b]xfo adf]lhd ul/g]5 M–
-!_ /fhkqfl°t k|yd >]0fLdf u/]sf] ;]jf cjlw afkt t]QL; k|ltzt
112
-@_ /fhkqfl°t låtLo >]0fLdf u/]sf] ;]jf cjlw afkt krf; k|ltzt
-#_ /fhkqfl°t t[tLo >]0fLdf u/]sf] ;]jf cjlw afkt 5};6\7L k|ltzt
-$_ /fhkq cgl°t >]0fL / kl/r/ kbdf u/]sf]
;]jf cjlw afkt krxQ/ k|ltzt
-v_ lgj[Qe/0fsf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ klxn] ;/sf/L ;]jf jf kbdf :yfoL lgo'lQm
eO{ u/]sf] ;]jf cjlw -aLrdf 6'6]sf] eP 6'6]sf] cjlw s6fO{_ /
============== ljsf; tkm{sf] kbdf ldlt @)@^.*.!! eGbf klxn] lgo'lQm
eO{ To:tf] kbdf u/]sf] ;]jfnfO{ cljl5Gg /fvL :yfoL ;]jfdf cfPsf
lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] To:tf] ;fwf/0f tyf ljsf; tkm{sf] kbdf :yfoL
?kdf u/]sf] ;]jf cjlw .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg klxn] u/]sf] s'g} ;/sf/L
;]jf afkt pkbfg kfO;s]sf] JolQm k'gM lghfdtL kbdf lgo'Qm ePdf lghn] klxn] kfPsf]
pkbfgsf] /sd l˚tf{ u/]df dfq lghsf] klxn]sf] ;]jf cjlw o; lgod adf]lhd xfnsf]
kbdf u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-#_ of] lgodfjnL k|f/De x'“bfsf avt lghfdtL ;]jfdf sfo{/t /x]sf lghfdtL
sd{rf/Ln] of] lgod k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] Ps jif{leq / of] lgodfjnL k|f/De ePkl5
lgo'lQm kfPsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] lgo'lQm kfPsf] ldltn] Ps jif{leq o; lgod adf]lhd
;]jf cjlw hf]8fO{ ;s]sf] x'g' kg]{5 . pQm cjlwleq ;]jf cjlw ghf]8fPdf To:tf] ;]jf
cjlw kl5 hf]l8g] 5}g .
 -#s_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;/sf/L sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf ;jf/L b'3{6gfdf k/L
d[To' ePdf lghn] klxn] u/]sf] ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] cjlw hf]8\bf lgj[Qe/0f kfpg ;Sg] cj:yf
/x]5 eg] g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgj[Qe/0fsf] nflu lghsf] klxn]sf] ;]jf cjlw hf]8\g] lg0f{o ug{
;Sg]5 .

 kGw|f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
113
 -#v_ o; lgoddf n]lvPb]lv afx]s cGo s'g} k|s[ofåf/f klxn]sf] ;]jf cjlw
hf]8fpg / ;]jf cjlw yk u/L ;'ljwf lng kfO{g] 5}g .
-$_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd klxn] u/]sf] ;]jf cjlw xfnsf] ;]jfdf hf]8fpg]
lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;]jf hf]8fpg' klxn] lnPsf] cWoog ljbf, c;fwf/0f ljbf, cf}iflw
pkrf/ vr{ / ladf clen]vsf] ljj/0f lghfdtL lstfavfgfdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; lgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ‘;/sf/L ;]jfÚ eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
/fHosf]ifaf6 lgj[Qe/0f kfpg] lghfdtL ;]jf, ;+;b ;]jf / :jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-%_ o; lgoddf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] s'g}
kbdf :yfoL lgo'lQm kfO{ sfo{/t sd{rf/L v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfåf/f lghfdtL ;]jfsf] csf]{
kbdf lgo'lQmsf nflu l;kmfl/; eP kl5 lghn] ;fljssf] kbaf6 /fhLgfdf lbPdf To;/L
/fhLgfdf lbO{ 5f]8]sf] kbdf u/]sf] ;]jf cjlw o; lgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu hf]l8g] 5}g .
!@$= a/a'emf/y ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ P]gsf] b˚f &$ adf]lhd lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cf˚"n] a'emfpg' kg]{
gubL, lhG;L jf sfuhkq h] hlt cfÇgf] lhDdfdf 5 ;f] ;a} g]kfn ;/sf/af6 cGoyf
tf]lsPdf afx]s PSsfO{; lbgleq ;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{ a'emfO{ lbg' kg]{5 / a'‰g' kg]{
sd{rf/Ln] klg ;f]xL Dofbleq a'‰g' kg]{5 .
-@_ k|To]s lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] axfnL ug{ rfx]sf] lbgsf] ;"rgf ;fljsjfnfnfO{
;s];Dd rf“8f] lbg' kg]{5 / ;fljsjfnfn] klg ToxL lbg a/a'emf/y ug{ tof/ /xg' kg]{5 .
-#_ a/a'emf/y ug]{ sfd ;DkGg ePkl5 To;sf] ;"rgf tfn's sfof{nodf k7fpg'
kg]{5 . xfnjfnfn] axfn u/L ;s]sf] geP ;fljsjfnfn] cfkm"eGbf lgs6td tNnf]
sd{rf/LnfO{ a/a'emf/y u/L Dofbleq gof“ sfof{nodf axfn ug{ hfg' kg]{5 / ;f]
sd{rf/Ln] klg a'emL lng' kg]{5 .
-$_ s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] a/a'emf/ysf] lgldQ cfÇgf efO, 5f]/f jf
kTof/sf dflg; jfl/; v8f u/L a'‰g] jf a'emfpg] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!@%= glthfd"ns sfo{tflnsf agfpg' kg]{ M -!_ k|To]s sfof{no k|d'v jf ljefuLo k|d'vn]
k|To]s kbsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] sfd st{Jo tyf lhDd]jf/Lsf cfwf/df cfkm" dftxtsf ;a}
sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfo{ ljefhg :ki6 v'Ng] u/L jflif{s sfo{tflnsf agfO{ /fVg' kg]{5 .
 kGw|f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
114
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd sfo{ tflnsf agfp“bf ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{
;DkfbgnfO{ glthfd"ns t'Nofpg] b[li6sf]0f /fvL sfdsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f, kl/df0f, nfut /
;do cjlw ;d]t oyf;Dej v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
!@^=sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd ;DaGwL Joj:yf M lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg
d"NofÍg kmf/fd P]gsf] bkmf @$s= sf] pkbkmf -^u_ sf] cj:yfdf afx]s clVtof/jfnfn]
lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd uf]Ko u/L /flvg]5 .
!@&= ;Da4tf lgwf{/0f ;ldltM -!_ a9'jf k|of]hgsf] nflu lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] xfl;n u/]sf]
z}lIfs pkflw ;DalGwt ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x;“u ;DalGwt 5 jf 5}g eGg] låljwf
ePdf ;f] ;DaGwdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;ldltn] lg0f{o ug]{5 M—
-s_ ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x ;~rfng ug]{ dGqfnosf] ;lrj jf lgsfosf] k|d'v
— cWoIf
-v_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] ;lrj jf lghn] tf]s]sf] cfof]usf] /fhkqflÍt k|yd
>]0fLsf] clws[t — ;b:o
-u_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;lrj jf lghn] tf]s]sf] /fhkqflÍt k|yd
>]0fLsf] clws[t — ;b:o
-3_ g]kfnsf] s'g} ljZjljBfnosf]] ;Da4tf lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{ ljifo;“u ;DalGwt
k|fWofks jf ljz]if1 Ps hgf — ;b:o
-ª_ ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x ;~rfng ug]{ dGqfnosf] ;lrj jf lgsfosf]
k|d'vn] tf]s]sf] clws[t — ;b:o–;lrj
-@_ a9'jf k|of]hgsf] nflu lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] xfl;n u/]sf] tfnLdsf] ljifo, >]0fL /
:t/ ;DaGwdf låljwf ePdf ;f] ljifodf ;dsIf lgwf{/0f ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;Da4tf
lgwf{/0f ;ldlt /xg]5 M–
-s_ ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x ;~rfng ug]{ dGqfnosf] ;lrj jf lgsfosf] k|d'v
— cWoIf
-v_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;lrj jf lghn] tf]s]sf] /fhkqflÍt k|yd
>]0fLsf] clws[t – ;b:o
-u_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf] clws[t — ;b:o
115
-3_ ;Da4tf lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{ tfnLdsf] ljifo;“u ;DalGwt k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg jf
tfnLd s]Gb|sf] k|d'v jf lghn] tf]s]sf] k|ltlglw Pshgf — ;b:o
-ª_ ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x;“u ;DalGwt dGqfnosf] ;lrj jf lgsfosf] k|d'vn]
tf]s]sf] tfnLd;“u ;DalGwt ljifosf] ljz]if1 — ;b:o
-r_ ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x ;~rfng ug]{ dGqfno jf lgsfosf]] ;lrjn] tf]s]sf]
clws[t — ;b:o–;lrj
-#_ a9'jfsf] ;DefJo pDd]bjf/n] b/vf:t;“u k]z u/]sf] z}lIfs of]Uotf / tfnLdsf]
;DaGwdf a9'jf ;ldltsf] a}7s a:g' eGbf cufl8 pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhdsf ;ldltn]
;Da4tf lgwf{/0f u/]df To:tf] z}lIfs of]Uotf / tfnLdsf] cÍ ;d]t a9'jfsf] nflu u0fgf
ul/g]5 .
-$_ o; lgod adf]lhdsf ;ldltåf/f ;Da4tf lgwf{/0f ul/Psf z}lIfs of]Uotfsf
ljifox? ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x ;~rfng ug]{ dGqfno jf lgsfon] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf
k|sfzg ug]{5 .
-%_ pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x;“u
;DalGwt dGqfnodf /xg]5 .
!@&s=k"j{ :jLs[lt lng' kg]{ M -!_ of] lgod k|f/De ePkl5 :jb]z jf ljb]zdf lghL k|of;df
cWoog ug{ rfxg] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;DalGwt lgsfosf] clVtof/jfnfsf] k"j{ :jLs[lt
lng' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|fOe]6 k/LIffyL{sf] ?kdf
k/LIffdf ;fd]n x'g tyf sfo{/t :yfgdf sfof{no ;do afx]ssf] ;dodf cWoog ug{ k"j{
:jLs[lt lng' kg]{ 5}g .
t/ To:tf] sd{rf/Ln] cfk"m sfo{/t lgsfodf ;f]sf] hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .
!@*=rf8kj{ vr{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf #@ sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lghfdtL
sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] Ps dlxgfsf] tnj a/fa/sf] rf8kj{ vr{ k|To]s jif{ lghn] rf8kj{ vr{
lng rfx]sf] d'Vo rf8kj{sf] kGw| lbg cufj} kfpg]5 . o;/L rf8kj{ vr{ lb“bf pQm
rf8kj{ eGbf cl3Nnf] dlxgf e'Qmfg eO{ g;s]sf] eP tfklg cl3Nnf] dlxgfsf] tnj ;d]t
vr{ n]vL e'QmfgL lbOg]5 .
116
-@_ lgod %* sf] pklgod -!)_ sf] cj:yf afx]s c;fwf/0f ljbf lnPsf] tyf
P]gsf] bkmf &!s= adf]lhdsf] j]tnjL ljbf lnPsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;f] ljbf lnPsf]
cjlwdf rf8kj{ vr{ kfpg] 5}g .
-#_ of] lgod k|f/De x'“bfsf jvt ;]jfdf axfn /x]sf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] of] lgod
k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] tyf of] lgod k|f/De eP kl5 lgo'Qm x'g] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] xflh/
ePsf] ldltn] tLg dlxgfleq cfk"mn] rf8kj{ vr{ lng] d'Vo rf8kj{ / ;f] rf8kj{ kg]{
;Defljt dlxgfsf] ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt sfof{nodf lnlvt ?kdf hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .
o;/L lgj]bg lbO{ ;s] kl5 ;f] sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] ;]jf cjlwe/ csf]{ rf8kj{df vr{ dfu
ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
!@*s=/fhLgfdf ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] :j]R5fn] cfˆgf] kbaf6 /fhLgfdf
lbg rfx]df cfk"m sfo{/t sfof{nodf lnlvt ?kdf /fhLgfdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd cfˆgf] sfof{nodf k]z x'g cfPsf] /fhLgfdfdf ;DalGwt
sd{rf/LnfO{ ;gfvt u/fpg' kg]{5 .
t/ g]kfn aflx/ /x]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] /fhLgfdf ;gfvt u/fpg' kbf{ g]kfnL
/fhb"tfjf; ;dIf / g]kfnL /fhb"tfjf; gePsf] d'n'sdf /x]sf] ePdf ;DalGwt d'n'ssf]
gf]6/L klJns ;dIf ;gfvt u/fO{ k7fpg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] /fhLgfdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf lgsfo jf
kbflwsf/Ln] :jLs[t ug{ ;Sg]5g\ M–
-s_ /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fL / ;f] eGbf dflysf] kbsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf]
xsdf g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifb\\n],
-v_ /fhkqflÍt låtLo / t[tLo >]0fLsf] kbsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf ;]jf
;~rfng ug]{ dGqfnosf] ;lrj jf ;f] ;/xsf] ljefuLo k|d'vn],
-u_ /fhkq cglÍt / >]0fLljxLg kbsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ljefuLo k|d'v jf
sfof{no k|d'vn] .
 -$_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] kbaf6 /fhLgfdf
lbPdf lghn] g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ltg{' a'emfpg' kg]{ bfloTj af“sL g/x]sf], lghsf] /fhLgfdf
117
nfu' x'g] ldlt ;Ddsf] gf]s/L cjlw cBfjlws /x]sf] / ljefuLo sf/afxL z'? gePsf]
olsg ePdf lghsf] /fhLgfdf :jLs[t ug{ ;lsg]5 .
!@(= cjsfzkq M lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ cjsfzsf] kq lbg] clwsf/ clVtof/jfnfnfO{ x'g]5 .
!@(s=clwsf/kq ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf #& adf]lhd lgj[Qe/0f kfpg] lghfdtL
sd{rf/L ;]jfaf6 cjsfz x'“bf kfpg] pkbfg, lgj[Qe/0f, kfl/jfl/s lgj[Qe/0f / cGo
;'ljwf / j[lQsf] /sd k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/kq ;DalGwt sfof{nosf] l;kmfl/;df lghfdtL
lstfavfgfn] lbg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg lghfdtL lstfavfgfaf6 Ps
k6s hf/L eO{ ;s]sf] clwsf/kqsf] kfgf l;l4O{ jf clwsf/kq x/fO{ k|ltlnlk lbg' k/]df
jf lgj[Qe/0fkq jf kfl/jfl/s lgj[Qe/0fkq jfxs JolQmsf] d[To' eO{ kfl/jfl/s
lgj[Qe/0f kfpg] JolQmsf] gfd kl/jt{g ug'{ k/]df lgj[Qe/0f e'Qmflg lnO{ /x]sf] a}+s
/x]sf] lhNnfsf] sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{noaf6 lgodfg';f/ gof“ clwsf/kq
lbOg]5 . o;/L gof“ clwsf/kq lbPsf] hfgsf/L sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{non]
lghfdtL lstfavfgf / lgj[Qe/0f Joj:yfkg sfof{nonfO{ lbg' kg]]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{non] clwsf/kq lb“bf
b]xfosf sfuhftsf] cfwf/df lbg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk,
-v_ lgj[Qe/0fkq afxs JolQmsf] d[To' eO{ kfl/jfl/s lgj[Qe/0f kfpg]
JolQmsf] gfd kl/jt{g ug'{ kg]{ cj:yfdf klxn]sf] clwsf/kq, d[To' btf{sf]
k|df0fkq tyf gftf k|dfl0ft ;d]t .
 -$_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] kbaf6 /fhLgfdf lbPdf lghn] g]kfn
;/sf/nfO{ ltg{' a'emfpg' kg]{ bfloTj af“sL g/x]sf], lghsf] /fhLgfdf nfu' x'g] ldlt
;Ddsf] gf]s/L cjlw cBfjlws /x]sf] / ljefuLo sf/afxL z'? gePsf] olsg ePdf
lghsf] /fhLgfdf :jLs[t ug{ ;lsg]5 .
 -%_ pklgod -$_ adf]lhd /sd bflvn u/]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt geO{ lghfdtL
lstfavfgfn] pkbfgsf] cÍ ls6fg ug]{ jf lgj[Qe/0f clwsf/kq agfpg] 5}g .

 afx|f| }+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
118
!#)= ;]jfaf6 avf{:t x'g]x?sf] clen]v /fVg] M -!_ eljiodf ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo
7xl/g] u/L ;]jfaf6 avf{:t ePsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf avf{:t ul/Psf] cfb]z
lbg] clwsf/Ln] To:tf sd{rf/Lsf] tLg k':t] v'n]sf] x'lnof ;d]tsf] ;"rgf nf]s ;]jf
cfof]u, k|x/L k|wfg sfof{no / lghfdtL lstfavfgfnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . To:tf] ;"rgf k|x/L
k|wfg sfof{non] k|To]s lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nonfO{ k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ;]jfaf6 avf{:t ul/Psf] JolQm lghfdtL ;]jf jf kbdf
k'gM lgo'Qm ePdf lghn] To;/L k'gM lgo'Qm eO{ kfPsf] tna lghaf6 l˚tf{ u/fO{ lghnfO{
t'?Gt ;]jfaf6 a/vf:t ul/g]5 .
!#)s=k|ltlnlk lbg' kg]{ M s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] lghfdtL lstfavfgfdf /x]sf] cfkm";“u
;DalGwt clen]vsf] k|ltlnlk dfu ubf{ cfkm" sfo{/t /x]sf] dGqfno, ;lrjfno, ljefu
jf sfof{no dfkm{t dfu ug'{ kg]{5 . s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfkm" sfo{/t /x]sf] sfof{no
dfkm{t k|ltlnlk dfu ug{ g;Sg] cj:yf eO{ l;w} k|ltlnlk dfu u/]df lghfdtL
lstfavfgfn] d'n'sL P]g sfuh hf“rsf] dxnsf] !& g+= adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw k"/f u/L
clen]vsf] k|ltlnlk lbg' kg]{5 .
!#!= aLdf ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf $)s= adf]lhdsf] ;fjlws hLjg aLdf
sf]ifsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L :jb]zleq
/x]sf s'g} aLdf sDkgL jf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd u7g ePsf] ;+:yfnfO{ ;f] sDkgL jf
;+:yfsf] sf/f]jf/, ljQLo Ifdtf cflb ;d]t ljrf/ u/L ;fjlws hLjg aLdf ;~rfngsf]
nflu tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;+:yfdf P]gsf] bkmf $)s= sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf]
;fjlws hLjg aLdf sf]if /xg]5 .
-#_ c;fwf/0f ljbf jf j]tnaL cWoog ljbf jf j]tnjL ljbf lnPsf] cj:yfdf To:tf
sd{rf/Ln] aLdf afkt /sd hDdf u/]df dfq To:tf sd{rf/Lsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;f]
cjlwsf] /sd yk u/L sf]ifdf hDdf ul/lbg]5 .
-$_ eljiodf ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L ;]jfaf6 a/vf:t ePsf]
lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;d]t lghsf] sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] /sd / To;df kfs]sf] Jofh
kfpg]5 .
119
-%_ o; lgod adf]lhd aLdf° /sd k|bfg ubf{ ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] gfddf
hDdf ePsf] /sd eGbf a9L /sd k|bfg ug'{ kg]{ ePdf a9L x'g] /sd g]kfn ;/sf/n]
pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] sDkgL jf ;+:yfdf hDdf ul/lbg]5 .
-^_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] ;+:yfn] aLdf sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] k|To]s
lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] 5'§f5'§} lx;fa b]lvg] u/L clen]v cBfjlws u/L k|To]s jif{sf]
ljj/0f ;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{ pknJw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-&_ ;fjwLs hLjg aLdf sf]if ;~rfng / Joj:yfkgsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n]
cfjZos lgb]{lzsf hf/L u/L nfu" ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!#@= Onfsf 5f]8\g] ;DaGwL Joj:yf M ;/sf/L sfhdf vl6Psf] jf ljbfdf /x]sf] cj:yfdf
afx]s s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ljbf lbg] clwsf/Lsf] Ohfht a]u/ cfÇgf] sfof{no
/x]sf] lhNnf jf Onfsf 5f]8L cGoq hfg' x“'+b}g .
t/ ckem{6 k/L sfof{no 5f]8L hfg' kg]{ ePdf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] To;sf] sf/0f
vf]nL lgj]bg lbO{ cfÇgf] sfof{no k|d'vsf] Ohfht lnO{ jf Ohfht lng gEofPdf hfg' kg]{
sf/0f ;d]t vf]nL ;DalGwt sfof{no, ljefu jf ;lrjfnodf lnlvt jf df}lvs k|ltj]bg
lbO{ b]zleq jf aflx/ hfg x'G5 . To;/L hf“bf sfof{nosf] sfddf afwf gkg]{ / ;/sf/L
;DklQsf] lxgfldgf gx'g] k|aGw ldnfO{ hfg' kg]{5 .
!##= plrt / Gofo;+ut sf/afxL M s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] of] lgodfjnL nfu" x'g' cl3
kfO/x]sf] ;x'lnot jf ;'ljwfsf] ;DaGwdf o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd k|bfg ul/Psf] ;x'lnot
jf ;'ljwfaf6 dsf{ k/]sf] egL k]z u/]sf] lgj]bgsf] cfwf/df g]kfn ;/sf/n] plrt /
Gofo;+ut tl/sfaf6 sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!##s=kL/dsf{, u'gf;f] / ;'g'jfO{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf &#s= adf]lhd lghfdtL
sd{rf/Lx?n] cfk"mnfO{ k/]sf] kL/dsf{ tyf u'gf;f] ;DalGwt ;'kl/j]Ifs jf sfof{no k|d'v
;dIf k]z u/]sf]df ;f] txaf6 ;dfwfg x'g g;s]df To:tf] kL/dsf{ tyf u'gf;f] b]xfosf]
;ldlt ;dIf /fVg ;Sg]5g\ M–
-s_ lhNnf tyf If]qLo:t/Lo sfof{no u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;ldlt
-c_ ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'v –;+of]hs
120
-cf_ If]qLo :t/sf] sfof{nosf] xsdf k'g/fj]bg ;/sf/L jlsn

sfof{no jf lhNnf :t/sf sfof{nosf] xsdf lhNnf ;/sf/L
jsLn sfof{nosf] clws[t k|ltlglw –;b:o
-O_ lhNnf:t/sf] sfof{nosf] xsdf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] tf]s]sf]
clws[t lghfdtL sd{rf/L / If]qLo :t/sf sfof{nosf] xsdf
If]qLo k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 tf]lsPsf] clws[t k|ltlglw –;b:o
-O{_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] ;DalGwt lhNnf
jf If]qsf] cWoIf –;b:o
-v_ dGqfno, cfof]u, ;lrjfno, ljefu jf s]Gb|Lo lgsfo :t/Lo u'gf;f]
Joj:yfkg ;ldlt
-c_ ;DalGwt lgsfosf] ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] k|d'v –;+of]hs
-cf_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] sDtLdf /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf]
k|ltlglw – ;b:o
-O_ dxfGofoflwjQmfn] tf]s]sf] dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{nosf]
;xGofoflwjQmf –;b:o
-O{_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] ;DalGwt
ljefuLo cWoIf – ;b:o
-u_ s]Gb|Lo u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;ldlt
-c_ d'Vo ;lrj –;+of]hs
-cf_;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf ;lrj – ;b:o
-O_ dxfGofoflwjQmfn] tf]s]sf] gfoj dxfGofoflwjQmf – ;b:o
-O{_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] s]Gb|Lo cWoIf – ;b:o
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno ;DalGwt ;ldltsf] ;+of]hsn]
tf]s]sf] sfof{nodf /xg]5 .
-#_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] kL/dsf{ / u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf hf/L
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!#$= kbk"lt{sf] aGb]h M lghfdtL ;]jfsf l/Qm kbx?df P]g / o; lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf ePb]lv
afx]s cGo tl/sfaf6 kbk"lt{ ul/g] 5}g .
121
 !#$s=a]kQf ePsf] sd{rf/Lsf] kl/jf/nfO{ ;'ljwf lbOg] M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf #(s= adf]lhd b'O{
jif{b]lv x/fO{ ;Dks{ gePsf] / d/] af“r]sf] kQf gnfu]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ P]gsf] bkmf
^! sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -5_ adf]lhd ;]jfaf6 x6fOPsf]df lghn] kfpg] pkbfg jf
lgj[Qe/0fsf] /sd lghsf] kl/jf/nfO{ lbOg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] kl/jf/n] ;f] adf]lhdsf] /sd
k|fKt ug{sf] nflu To:tf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] :yfoL jtg ePsf] ufp“ ljsf; ;ldlt jf
gu/kflnsf tyf x/fO{ a]kQf x'g' cl3 axfn /x]sf] lhNnfsf] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{noaf6
lgh b'O{ jif{b]lv x/fO{ a]kQf eO{ d/] af“r]sf] kQf gnfu]sf] eGg] Joxf]/fsf] l;kmfl/; lnO{
k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .Æ
!#%= clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd cf˚"nfO{ k|fKt clwsf/
s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] k|of]u ug{ kfpg] u/L k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd s'g} clwsf/LnfO{ k|fKt clwsf/ cfÇgf] ;fdfGo /]vb]vdf
/xL k|of]u ug]{ u/L lghn] cf˚" d'lgsf lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!#^= cg';"rLdf x]/˚]/ tyf yk36 ug]{ clwsf/ M g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf
k|sflzt u/L cg';"rL tyf cg';"rLdf /x]sf] Joxf]/fnfO{ ;do ;dodf x]/˚]/ tyf yk36
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!#&= g]kfn Gofo ;]jfsf sd{rf/L ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M o; lgodfjnLdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f
n]lvPsf] eP tfklg g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# adf]lhd Gofo ;]jf cfof]usf]
sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ Pj+ If]q tf]lsPsf] ljifodf pQm ;+ljwfg, Gofo ;]jf cfof]u
;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g / g]kfn Gofo ;]jfsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] >]0fL ljefhg, egf{, ;?jf /
a9'jf ;DaGwL lgodfjnLdf n]lvP hlt s'/fdf ;f]xL adf]lhd / c?df o; lgodfjnL
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!#*= vf/]hL / arfp M -!_ lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnL, @)@! vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 .
-@_ lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnL, @)@! adf]lhd eP u/]sf sfd sf/afxLx? o;}
lgodfjnL adf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg]5 .

122
-#_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] ;DaGwdf o; lgodfjnLdf n]lvP hlt s'/fdf o;} adf]lhd
/ c?df a]Unfa]Un} ;]jf jf ;d"xsf] nflu k[ys ?kn] nfu" x'g] u/L ag]sf lgodx?df
n]lvP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-$_ pklgod -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg a9'jfsf] ;DaGwdf o;}
lgodfjnL adf]lhd x'g]5 .
123

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lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnL, @)%)

 of] lgodfjnL ;+jt\ @)^@ ;fn j}zfv ! ut]b]lv k|f/De ePsf] .

@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;·n] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; lgodfjnLdf,–

 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] d'Vo ;lrjsf], g]kfn ;/sf/n],

 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

v'Nnf k|ltof]lutf, sfo{ Ifdtfsf] d"NofÍg, cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIff / h]i7tf /

 afx||f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .

t/ s'g} ljefu cGtu{t sfo{/t /fhkqfl°t t[tLo >]0fL;Ddsf

 afx||f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 cf7f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

t/ ;+j}wflgs c+usf sfof{nosf ljefuLo k|d'vsf] ;DaGwdf cGoyf

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .

 afx||f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .

-@_ ljleGg bft[ ;+:yfaf6 cfof]hgfx? sfof{Gjogsf] l;nl;nfdf cfof]hgf ;Demf}tf

 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 afx||f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

-3_ k|;"lt ljbf ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'v jf ljefuLo k|d'v

-ª_ lsl/of ljbf ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'v jf ljefuLo k|d'v

 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

-cf_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;lrjn] tf]s]sf] /fhkqflÍt låtLo >]0fLsf]

 afx||f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

-O_ k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] /lhi6«f/n] tf]s]sf] clws[t –– ;b:o

-O_ k'g/fj]bg ;/sf/L jsLn sfof{nosf] ;x–GofoflwjQmfn]

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

-O_ k|zf;g zfvfsf] k|d'v jf Gofo kl/ifb\\ ;lrjfnosf] ;lrjn]

 afx||f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 afx||f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .

 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

-v_ ;DalGwt dGqfno, ;lrjfno, cfof]u, ljefu jf sfof{nosf]

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

t/ k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltdf tLg}hgf kbflwsf/L Pp6} dGqfnosf] x'g]

 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

-*s_ k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof°g

nfut, ;do, kl/df0f / u'0f_ cTo'Qd :t/sf] cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd

d"NofÍg gug]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ sfdsf] ;du| u'0f / kl/df0f ;DaGwL

 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .

 afx||f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 afx||f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

-u_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf ;lrj – ;b:o

 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

-3_ :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfnoaf6 tf]lsPsf] jl/i7 lrlsT;s – ;b:o

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

:ki6Ls/0f M czQmj[lQ kfPsf jf kfpg] 7xl/Psf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] kl5 s'g}

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .