www.lawcommission.gov.

np

ladf lgodfjnL, @)$(

g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sfzg ldlt
@)$(.!@.!&
;+zf]wg
!= ladf -klxnf] ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)%# @)%#.(.!%
@= ladf -bf];|f] ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)^) @)^).!.!*
#= ladf -t];|f] ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)&) @)&).!.#)
ladf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf $& n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L g]kfn ;/sf/n] b]xfosf
lgodx¿ agfPsf] 5 .

kl/R5]b–!
k|f/lDes
!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M -!_ oL lgodx¿sf] gfd æladf lgodfjnL, @)$(Æ /x]sf]
5.
-@_ of] lgodfjnL t'?Gt k|f/De x'g]5 .
@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o;; lgodfjnLdf,–
-s_ æP]gÆ eGgfn] ladf P]g, @)$( ;Demg'k5{ .
-v_ æk|df0fkqÆ eGgfn] lgod * adf]lhd ladssf] ¿kdf gfd btf{ u/L
ladf Joj;fo ug{ lbPsf] lads btf{sf] k|df0fkq ;Demg'k5{ .
-u_ æz'NsÆ eGgfn] ladsn] ladf Joj;fo u/] afkt laldt;Fu lng]
ladf z'Ns ;Demg'k5{ .
-3_ æ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldltÆ eGgfn] P]gsf] bkmf $! adf]lhd ul7t ladf
b/ ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldlt ;Demg'k5{ .

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kl/R5]b–@
ladf Joj;fosf] lsl;d
#= ladf Joj;fosf] lsl;d M -!_ P]g / o; lgodfjnLsf cwLgdf /xL ladsn] ug]{
ladf Joj;fonfO{ b]xfosf lsl;ddf ljefhg ul/g]5 M–
-s_ hLjg ladf Joj;fo .
-v_ lghL{jg ladf Joj;fo .
-u_ k'gla{df Joj;fo .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg g]kfn ;/sf/n]
;ldltsf] k/fdz{ lnO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ladf Joj;fosf] cGo lsl;dx¿ ;d]t
tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
$= hLjg ladf Joj;fo M -!_ hLjg ladf Joj;fo cGtu{t ladsn] b]xfosf ladf
Joj;fo ug{ ;Sg]5g\ M–
-s_ cfhLjg hLjg ladf .
-v_ ;fjlws hLjg ladf .
-u_ DofbL hLjg ladf .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;ldltn]
cfjZostfg';f/ hLjg ladf Joj;fosf] cGo lsl;dx¿ ;d]t tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ o; lgodadf]lhd ul/g] hLjg ladfsf] n]vsf zt{ Pj+ ;'ljwfx¿
;ldltn] tf]lslbPadf]lhd x'g]5 .
%= lghL{jg ladf Joj;fo M -!_ lghL{jg ladf Joj;fo cGtu{t ladsn] b]xfosf
ladf Joj;fo ug{ ;Sg]5g\ M–
-s_ cUgL ladf .
-v_ df]6/ ladf .
-u_ ;fd'lb|s ladf .
-3_ OlGhlgol/ª tyf 7]s]bf/ hf]lvd ladf .

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-ª_ xjfO{ ladf .


-r_ ljljw ladf .

-@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;ldltn]

cfjZostfg';f/ lghL{jg ladf Joj;fosf] cGo lsl;dx¿ ;d]t tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ o; lgodadf]lhd ul/g] lghL{jg ladfsf] n]vsf zt{ Pj+ ;'ljwfx¿
;ldltn] tf]lslbPadf]lhd x'g]5 .
^= k'gla{df Joj;fo M -!_ ladsn] cfkm"n] wf/0f ug]{ hf]lvd wf/0f u/L afFsL /x]sf]
hf]lvdsf] k'gla{df u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ul/g] k'gla{df Joj;fosf] lsl;d tyf cGo
Joj:yfx¿ ;ldltn] tf]lslbPadf]lhd x'g]5 .

kl/R5]b–#
lads ;DaGwL Joj:yf
&= ladssf] btf{sf] nflu lgj]bg lbg'kg]{ M -!_ ladf Joj;fo ug{ rfxg] :jb]zL jf
ljb]zL ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] ladssf] ¿kdf cfˆgf] gfd btf{ ug{sf] nflu krf; xhf/
?k}ofF lads btf{ b:t"/ ;d]t ;+nUg /flv cg';"rL–! adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf ;ldltsf]
sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg'kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg lbg] ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] ;f] lgj]bg;fy P]gsf]
bkmf !) sf] pkbkmf -@_ df plNnlvt sfuhftx¿sf cltl/Qm b]xfosf
ljj/0fx¿nfO{ k'i6ØfFO ug]{ cGo cfjZos sfuhftx¿ ;d]t ;+nUg ug'{kg]{ 5 .
-s_ ladf Joj;fo ubf{ ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] wf/0f ug]{ s'n bfloTj
;f] ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] s'n ;DklQ eGbf a9L gePsf] .
-v_ ljb]zL ;+ul7t ;+:yf eP To:tf] ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] g]kfn

============ leq ug]{ ladf Joj;fosf] s'n bfloTj lgjf{x

ug{sf] nflu ;f] ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] gfddf g]kfn ==========
leq kof{Kt ;DklQ /x]sf] .

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

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-u_ ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] tkm{af6 ladf Joj;fo ;+rfng ug]{

;DaGwdf k|d'vsf] x}l;otaf6 bfloTj lgjf{x ug]{
Joj:yfkssf] gfd, 7]ufgf / of]Uotf v'n]sf] k|df0fkq .
-3_ ljb]zL ladssf] ¿kdf btf{ ePsf] ;+lu7t ;+:yf eP
;DalGwt d'n'ssf] clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Laf6 ;f] d'n'ssf]
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ladf Joj;fo ug{ k|fKt u/]sf]
k|df0fkq .

-ª_ =================

*= ladssf] gfd btf{ u/L k|df0fkq lbg'kg]{ M -!_ lgod & adf]lhd ladssf] ¿kdf
cfˆgf] gfd btf{ ug{sf] nflu s'g} :jb]zL jf ljb]zL ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] lgj]bg k|fKt
ePkl5 ;ldltn] pQm lgj]bg pk/ cfjZos hfFra'em u/L lgj]bs ;+ul7t ;+:yf;Fu
s'g} s'/f a'‰g'kg]{ eP ;f] s'/f ;d]t a'emL To:tf] lgj]bs ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] gfd
ladssf] ¿kdf cg';"rL–@ adf]lhdsf] btf{ lstfadf btf{ ug'{kg]{ 5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ ad]flhd lgj]bs ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] gfd btf{ lstfadf btf{
u/L ;s]kl5 ;ldltn] To:tf] lgj]bs ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] ug{ kfpg] ladf Joj;fosf]
lsl;d ;d]t pNn]v u/L cg';"rL–# adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf k|df0fkq lbg'kg]{ 5 .
(= k|df0fkq gjLs/0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ ladsn] cfˆgf] k|df0fkq gjLs/0f
u/fpgs]f nflu P]gsf] bkmf !! adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq gjLs/0f b:t"/ jfkt krf;
xhf/ ?k}ofF ;d]t ;+nUg /fvL cg';"rL–$ adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf ;ldltsf] sfof{nodf
lgj]bg lbg'kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd gjLs/0fsf] nflu lgj]bg lbg] ladssf] k|wfg
sfof{no g]kfn ============aflx/ eP To:tf] ljb]zL ladsn] cfˆgf] d'n'ssf] clwsf/
k|fKt clwsf/Laf6 ;f] d'n'ssf] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ladf Joj;fo ug{ k|fKt
u/]sf] k|df0fkq gjLs/0f u/]sf] lg:;f ;d]t o; lgod adf]lhd gjLs/0fsf] nflu
lbg] lgj]bg;fy ;+nUg u/]sf] x'g'kg]{ 5 .

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

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-#_ o; lgodadf]lhd k|df0fkq gjLs/0fsf] nflu P]gsf] bkmf !! sf]

pkbkmf -!_ df tf]lsPsf] Dofb g3fO ladssf] lgj]bg k|fKt ePdf ;ldltn] P]gsf]
bkmf !! sf] pkbkmf -#_ sf cwLgdf /xL k|df0fkq gjLs/0f ul/lbg ;Sg]5 .
!)= k|df0fkqsf] dfGotf :jtM /2 x'g] M P]gsf] bkmf !! sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf]
cjlwleq klg k|df0fkq gjLs/0f x'g g;s]df To:tf] k|df0fkqsf] dfGotf :jtM /2
x'g]5 .
!!= k'g btf{ x'g ;Sg] M -!_ lgod !) adf]lhd k|df0fkqsf] dfGotf /2 ePsf] ;+ul7t
;+:yfn] k'gM ladf Joj;fo ug{ rfx]df lgod & adf]lhd ladssf] ¿kdf cfˆgf]
gfd btf{ u/fpgsf] nflu k'gM lgj]bg lbg'kg]{ 5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd s'g} ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] lgj]bg k/]df ;ldltn]
;+ul7t ;+:yfn] ladssf] ¿kdf ladf Joj;fo ;+rfng ubf{ P]g, o; lgodfjnL /
;ldltn] ;do–;dodf lbPsf] lgb]{zgsf cwLgdf /xL k]zfut cfr/0fsf] kfng u/]
gu/]sf] ;d]t hfFra'em u/L pko'Qm b]v]df lgod & df plNnlvt b:t"/sf cltl/Qm
kRrL; xhf/ ?k}ofF yk b:t"/ ;d]t lnO{ To:tf] ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] gfd btf{ lstfadf
k'gM btf{ u/L ;f] ;+ul7t ;+:yfnfO{ gofF k|df0fkq lbg'kg]{ 5 .

!!s= ladf Joj;fodf nufOPsf] /f]s km's'jf ug]{ M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf !@s= adf]lhd
ladf Joj;fodf nufOPsf] /f]ssf] ;DaGwdf xfn To:tf] /f]s nufO{ /xg' kg]{
cj:yf ljBdfg g/x]sf] egL ;DalGwt ladsn] To:tf] cj:yf ljBdfg g/x]sf]
ldltn] k}+tL; lbgleq cfjZos k|0ffdx¿;d]t ;+nUg /fvL ;ldlt;dIf lgj]bg lbg'
kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lbOPsf] lgj]bgdf plNnlvt cj:yfx¿ tyf ;f]
;fy ;+nUg k|df0fx¿ ;Gtf]ifhgs b]lvPdf ;ldltn] ladf Joj;fodf nufOPsf]
/f]s km's'jf ug{ ;Sg]5 . ;ldltn] o;/L ladf Joj;fodf nufOPsf] /f]s km's'jf ubf{
To;/L km's'jf ug]{ /f]s cf+lzs /f]s eP bz xhf/ ?k}ofF / k"0f{ /f]s eP kRrL;
xhf/ ?k}ofF ;DalGwt ladsnfO{ hl/jfgf u/L ladf Joj;fodf nufOPsf] To:tf]
/f]s km's'jf ug{ ;Sg]5 .

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

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:ki6Ls/0f M o; lgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu –

-!_ æk"0f{ /f]sÆ eGgfn] ladsn] ladf Joj;fosf ;DaGwdf ug]{ ;Dk"0f{
sf/f]af/ ;+rfng ug{ gkfpg] u/L nufOPsf] /f]s ;Demg'k5{ .
-@_ æcf+lzs /f]sÆ eGgfn] ladsn] ladf Joj;fosf ;DaGwdf ug]{
;Dk"0f{ sf/f]af/dWo] s'g} Ps jf PseGbf a9L sf/f]af/ ;+rfng ug{
gkfpg] u/L nufOPsf] /f]s ;Demg' k5{ .
!@= ladsn] cGo If]qdf nufgL ubf{ :jLs[lt lng'kg]{ M ladsn] ;ldltn] tf]lslbPsf]
If]q afx]s cGo If]qdf nufgL ubf{ ;ldltsf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lng' kg]{ 5 .
!#= C0f lbg jf nufgL ug{df k|ltaGw M o; lgoddf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
eP tfklg ladssf] ;+rfns ;ldltsf] s'g} klg ;b:o ;+rfns ePsf] jf To:tf]
;b:osf] ljQLo :jfy{lglxt ePsf] s'g} klg ;+ul7t ;+:yfnfO{ ladsn] s'g} klg
lsl;dsf] C0f lbg jf nufgL ug{ kfpg] 5}g .

:ki6Ls/0f M o; lgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æljQLo :jfy{Æ eGgfn] ladssf]
;+rfns jf lghsf] Psf3/ kl/jf/sf ;b:on] s'g} sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] r'Qmf
k'FhLsf] bz k|ltzt jf ;f] eGbf a9L /sdsf] 5'§f 5'§} jf ;+o'Qm ¿kdf z]o/ vl/b
u/]sf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfdf ladssf] ;+rfnssf] ljQLo :jfy{
lglxt /x]sf] dflgg]5 .
!$= ljj/0f k]z ug'{kg]{ M -!_ Ps eGbf a9L ladf Joj;fo ug]{ ladsn] P]gsf] bkmf @)
sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k|To]s ladf Joj;fosf] lx;fa lstfa :ki6 ¿kdf 5'§f5'§}
/fvL cg';"rL–% adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf ;f] sf] ljj/0f k|To]s cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf]]
^ dlxgfleq ;ldltsf] sfof{nodf k]z ug'{kg]{ 5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M æcg';"rL–%Æ eGgfn] cg';"rL–% sf] v08 æsÆ, ævÆ, æuÆ, æ3Æ, æªÆ,
ærÆ, æ5Æ, æhÆ, æemÆ, æ`Æ, æ6Æ, æ7Æ, æ8Æ, / æ9Æ nfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .
-@_ ladsn] cfˆgf] ;DklQ / bfloTjsf] ;Dk"0f{ ljj/0f cg';"rL–^
adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf k|To]s cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] ^ dlxgfleq ;ldltsf]
sfof{nodf k]z ug'{kg]{ 5 .

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

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!%= hu]8f sf]ifdf hDdf ug'{kg]{ /sd M ladsn] g]kfnleqsf] cfˆgf] ladf Joj;fo
;DaGwL bfloTjsf] lgldQ P]gsf] bkmf @@ adf]lhd v8f u/]sf] hu]8f sf]ifdf
b]xfoadf]lhd /sd hDdf ug'{kg]{ 5 M–

-s_ hLjg ladf Joj;fo ug]{ ladsn] g]kfn ============ df k|sflzt
u/]sf] ladf n]vsf] cfwf/df ladf+sLn] tf]lslbPsf] ;Dk"0f{ bfloTjdf
sd gx'g] /sd .
-v_ lghL{jg ladf Joj;fosf] cfDbfgL vr{df b]vfOPsf] v'b ladf
z'Nssf] 36Ldf krf; k|ltzt /sd .
-u_ lghL{jg ladf Joj;fo ubf{ ladssf] r'Qmf k'FhLsf] a/fa/ geP;Dd
d'gfkmf x'g cfPsf] /sdsf] krf; k|ltzt .
t/ ;fd'lb|s ladfsf] ;DaGwdf sDtLdf tLg jif{;Dd hu]8f
sf]ifdf /flvPsf] /sdnfO{ d'gfkmfdf u0fgf ul/g] 5}g .
-3_ ladsn] k|To]s cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt x'g'cl3 bfaL e'QmfgL afkt afFsL
/sdsf] Ps ;o kGw| k|ltzt /sd .

!%s=hLjg ladf tyf lghL{jg ladf Joj;fo ub}{ cfPsf ladsn] cnu cnu
;+:yfsf] ¿kdf ladf Joj;fo ug'{kg]{ M -!_ of] lgod k|f/De x'g'eGbf cl3 hLjg
ladf tyf lghL{jg ladf Joj;fo ;+rfng ug]{ u/L btf{ eO{ hLjg ladf tyf
lghL{jg ladf Joj;fo ;+rfng ub}{ cfPsf ladsn] ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] ldltb]lv
hLjg ladf / lghL{jg ladf Joj;fo ug]{ cnu–cnu ;+:yfsf] ¿kdf ladf
Joj;fo ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd hLjg ladf / lghL{jg ladf Joj;fo ug]{ cnu–
cnu ;+:yfsf] ¿kdf ladf Joj;fo ubf{ ladsn] b]xfosf zt{x¿ k"/f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-s_ k|aGwkq tyf lgodfjnLdf ;+zf]wg u/L ub}{ cfPsf] b'O{
ladf Joj;fodWo] s'g} Ps ladf Joj;fo dfq ug]{ Joj:yf
ug]{ / csf]{ ladf Joj;fo ;+rfng ug{sf] lgldQ k|rlnt
sfg"gsf cwLgdf /xL csf]{ ;+:yf v8f ug]{ .

 तेस्रो
;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .
 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

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-v_ v08 -s_ adf]lhd ladf Joj;fo ug]{ cnu cnu ;+:yfsf]
Joj:yfkg cnu–cnu ¿kdf ug]{ .
-u_ k|To]s ;+:yfsf] nflu cnu–cnu ¿kdf e'QmfgL k'FhL
p7fpg] Joj:yf ug]{ .
-3_ hLjg ladf / lghL{jg ladf Joj;fo cnu–cnu 9+uaf6
;~rfng ug]{ ;DaGwdf ;ldltn] tf]lslbPsf cGo zt{x¿
k"/f ug]{ .
-#_ pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd hLjg ladf / lghL{jg ladf Joj;fo ug]{
cnu–cnu ;+:yfsf] ¿kdf ladf Joj;fo ubf{ ladsn] P]gsf] bkmf @! adf]lhdsf]
ladf sf]ifdf hDdf /x]sf] /sddWo] hLjg ladftkm{sf] /sd hLjg ladf Joj;fo
ug]{ ;+:yfsf] gfddf / lghL{jg ladftkm{sf] /sd lghL{jg ladf Joj;fo ug]{
;+:yfsf] gfddf 5'§f 5'§} ladf sf]if v8f u/L hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 .
!^= ladssf] Joj:yfkg vr{ M ladsn] ladf Joj;fo ubf{ z'Ns afkt cfDbfgL u/]sf]
s'n /sddWo] ;fd'lb|s ladfsf] ;DaGwdf kRrL; k|ltzt;Dd / cGo ladfsf
;DaGwdf tL; k|ltzt;Dd Joj:yfkg sfo{tkm{ vr{ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
t/ ladf sfof{no :yfkgf / ofGqLs/0f ubf{ ePsf] vr{nfO{ Joj:yfkg
vr{df ;dfj]z ul/g] 5}g .
!&= ladf Joj;fosf] lj:tf/ ug{ :jLs[lt lng'kg]{ M -!_ ladsn] k|df0fkq k|fKt ubf{
ladf Joj;fo ug{ kfpg] :jLs[lt k|fKt ladf Joj;fosf lsl;dsf cltl/Qm cGo
ladf Joj;fo ug{ rfx]df ;ldltsf] :jLs[lt lng'kg]{ 5 .
-@_ s'g} ladsn] yk zfvf sfof{nox¿ vf]nL cfkm"n] ug]{ ladf Joj;fosf]
lj:tf/ ug{ rfx]df ;ldltsf] :jLs[lt lng'kg]{ 5 .
!*= z'Nssf] b/ M -!_ ladsn] ladf Joj;fo ubf{ laldt;Fu lng kfpg] z'Nssf] b/
lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldltn] ;ldltnfO{ cfjZos ;Nnfx k|bfg ug]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]hd ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldltsf] k/fdz{df ;ldltåf/f
lgwf{l/t b/df km/s kg]{ u/L s'g} klg ladsn] z'Ns b/ lgwf{/0f u/L ladf Joj;fo
ug{ kfpg] 5}g .

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
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd ;ldltåf/f lgwf{l/t ladf z'Nssf] b/df km/s
kg]{ u/L s'g} ladsn] ladf Joj;fo u/] u/fPdf ;ldltn] To:tf] ladsn] ub}{ cfPsf]
ladf Joj;fonfO{ k"0f{ jf cf+lzs ¿kdf /f]s nufO{ jf /2 u/L To:tf] ladf Joj;fo
To; eGbf cl3 cGo s'g} ladsn] ub}{ cfPsf] eP ;f] ladf Joj;fo k"j{ lads g} /
k"j{ lads gePsf] cj:yfdf cGo ladsdf x:tfGt/0f ug]{ Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .

kl/R5]b–$
ladf clestf{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!(= ladf clestf{sf] Ohfhtkqsf] nflu lgj]bg lbg' kg]{ M P]gsf] bkmf #) sf]
pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ladf clestf{sf] ¿kdf sfd ug{ rfxg] lgod @! df
plNnlvt of]Uotf k'u]sf] JolQm jf To:tf] of]Uotf k'u]sf] s'g} JolQm ;+rfns /x]sf]
;+ul7t ;+:yfn] ;DalGwt ladssf] l;kmfl/z;lxt cg';"rL–& adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf
ladf clestf{sf] Ohfhtkqsf] nflu ;ldltsf] sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg'kg]{5 .
@)= ladf clestf{sf] Ohfhtkq lbg'kg]{ M -!_ lgod !( adf]lhd ladf clestf{sf]
Ohfhtkqsf] nflu lgj]bg k|fKt ePkl5 ;ldltn] lgod @! adf]lhd lgj]bssf]
of]Uotf k'u] gk'u]sf] hfFra'em u/L lghnfO{ ladf clestf{sf] ¿kdf cg';"rL–*
adf]lhdsf] btf{ lstfadf btf{ ug'{kg]{ 5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bssf] gfd btf{ lstfadf btf{ u/L ;s]kl5
;ldltn] lgj]bs;Fu ladf clestf{sf] Ohfhtkq afkt nfUg] kfFr;o ?k}ofF b:t"/
lnO{ lghn] ladf clestf{sf] x}l;otaf6 sfd ug{ kfpg] ladf Joj;fo ;d]t :ki6
¿kdf pNn]v u/L cg';"rL–( adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf lghnfO{ ladf clestf{sf]
Ohfhtkq lbg'kg]{5 .

@!= ladf clestf{sf] nflu of]Uotf M -!_ lgod !( adf]lhd ladf clestf{sf]
Ohfhtkqsf] nflu lgj]bg lbg rfxg] lgj]bssf] of]Uotf b]xfo adf]lhd x'g' kg]{5 M–
-s_ sDtLdf P;=Pn=;L= jf ;f] ;/xsf] k/LIff pQL0f{ u/]sf], /

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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-v_ ;ldlt jf ;ldltaf6 dfGotf k|fKt u/]sf] ;+:yfn] ladf

clestf{sf] nflu ;+rfng u/]sf] ;DalGwt ladf Joj;fo
;DaGwL tfnLddf ;xefuL eO{ k|df0fkq k|fKt u/]sf] .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ladf clestf{sf]
Ohfhtkqsf] nflu lgj]bg lbg rfxg] lgj]bs ;+ul7t ;+:yf eP To:tf] ;+ul7t
;+:yfsf] s'g} Ps hgf ;+rfnssf] of]Uotf ;f]xL pklgodsf] v08 -s_ / -v_ df
pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g' kg]{5 .
@@= ladf clestf{sf] Ohfhtkq gjLs/0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ ladf clestf{n]
cfˆgf] Ohfhtkq gjLs/0f u/fpgsf] nflu P]gsf] bkmf #! sf] pkbkmf -!_
adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq gjLs/0f b:t"/ afkt b'O{ ;o ¿k}of ;d]t ;+nUg /fvL
cg';"rL–!) adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf ;ldltsf] sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg'kg]{5 . o;/L
lgj]bg k|fKt ePdf ;ldltn] To:tf] ladf clestf{sf] Ohfhtkq gjLs/0f ul/lbg'
kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq s'g} ladf clestf{n] cfˆgf]
Ohfhtkq gjLs/0fsf] nflu lgj]bg lbg g;s]sf] sf/0f v'nfO ;ldltsf]
sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbPdf / ;f] sf/0f d'gfl;j b]lvPdf ;ldltn] gjLs/0fsf] Dofb
gf3]sf] klxnf] b'O{ dlxgf;Ddsf] nflu Ps ;o ?k}ofF / To;kl5sf] rf/
dlxgf;Ddsf] nflu k|lt lbg kfFr ?k}ofF yk b:t"/ lnO{ To:tf] ladf clestf{sf]
Ohfhtkq gjLs/0f u/L lbg ;Sg]5 .

@@s=Pp6fdfq ladssf] clestf{ x'g' kg]{ M -!_ ladf clestf{n] s'g} Pp6fdfq
ladssf] ladf clestf{ eO{ sfo{ ug{ kfpg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} ladsn] hLjg
tyf lghL{jgdWo] s'g} Ps ladf Joj;fodfq ;+rfng u/]sf] ePdf To:tf] ladssf]
ladf clestf{n] ;f] ladsn] ;+rfng gu/]sf] ladf Joj;fo ;+rfng ug]{ s'g} csf]{
ladssf] ladf clestf{ ;d]t eO{ sfo{ ug{ ;Sg]5 .

@@v= ladf clestf{sf] cfrf/;+lxtf M ladf clestf{sf] cfrf/ ;+lxtf ;ldltn]
tf]lslbPadf]lhd x'g]5 .

 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

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
@@u= /f]h]sf] ladssf] ladf clestf{ eO{ sfd ug{ ;Sg] M of] lgodfjnL k|f/De
x'g'eGbf cl3 ladf clestf{sf] Ohfhtkq k|fKt u/L Ps eGbf a9L ladsx¿sf]
ladf clestf{ eO{ sfd ub}{ cfPsf] ladf clestf{n] cfkm"n] /f]h]sf] s'g} Pp6f
ladssf] ladf clestf{ eO{ sfd ug{ ;Sg]5 .
@#= ladf clestf{n] kfpg] sldzg /sd M -!_ s'g} klg ladf clestf{nfO{ laldtn]
a'emfpg] z'Ns /sddf b]xfodf n]lvP eGbf a9L x'g] u/L sldzg /sd lbOg] 5}g M–
-s_ hLjg ladfsf] ;DaGwdf cg';"rL–!! df pNn]v eP
adf]lhdsf] sldzg /sd .
-v_ lghL{jg ladfsf] ;DaGwdf ;ldltn] tf]lslbPadf]lhdsf]
sldzg /sd .
-@_ o; lgodfjnLdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pklgod -!_
df pNn]lvt sldzg /sdsf] cltl/Qm ladsn] ladf clestf{nfO{ OG;]lG6e af]g;
;d]t lbg ;Sg]5 .
@$= sfd u/]sf] cjlwsf] sldzg kfpg] M ladf clestf{sf] Ohfhtkq gjLs/0f
gu/fPsf] sf/0faf6 P]gsf] bkmf ## adf]lhd vf/]h ePtf klg lghn] To:tf]
gjLs/0f gu/fPsf] cjlwc3L ladf Joj;fo ;DaGwL s'g} sfd u/]sf] /x]5 eg]
ladsn] lghnfO{ lgod @# adf]lhd kfpg] sldzg afktsf] /sd lbg' kg]{5 .
@%= xsjfnfn] sldzg /sd kfpg] M o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd ladf clestf{n] kfpg]
sldzg /sd lng gkfpFb} lghsf] d[To' x'g uPdf lghn] kfpg] sldzg /sd
lghsf] xsjfnfn] kfpg]5 .

kl/R5]b–%
;e]{o/ ;DaGwL Joj:yf

@^= ;e]{o/sf] Ohfhtkqsf] nflu lgj]bg lbg'kg]{ M P]gsf] bkmf #)s sf] pkbkmf
-!_ adf]lhd ;e]{o/sf] ¿kdf sfd ug{ rfxg] lgod @* df plNnlvt

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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 
of]Uotf k'u]sf JolQm jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] ================= cg';"rL !@ adf]lhdsf]
9fFrfdf Ohfhtkqsf] nflu ;ldltsf] sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .

@&= ;e]{o/sf] Ohfhtkq lbg' kg]{ M -!_ lgod @^ ad]flhd ;e]{o/sf] Ohfhtkqsf]
nflu lgj]bg k|fKt ePkl5 ;ldltn] lgod @* adf]lhd lgj]bssf] of]Uotf k'u]
gk'u]sf] hfFra'em u/L lghnfO{ ;e]{o/sf] Ohfhtkq lbg pko'Qm b]v]df lghsf] gfd
;e]{o/sf] ¿kdf cg';"rL–!# adf]lhdsf] btf{ lstfadf btf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bssf] gfd btf{ lstfadf btf{ ul/;s]kl5
;ldltn] lgj]bs;Fu Ohfhtkq afkt lgod @*s= adf]lhd æsÆ ju{sf] Ohfhtkq
eP afx| xhf/ ?k}ofF, ævÆ ju{sf] Ohfhtkq eP gf} xhf/ ?k}ofF, æuÆ ju{sf]
Ohfhtkq eP ;ft xhf/ ?k}ofF / æ3Æ ju{sf] Ohfhtkq eP kfFr xhf/ ?k}ofF
b:t'/ lnO{ To:tf] lgj]bsnfO{ cg';"rL–!$ adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf ;e]{o/sf] Ohfhtkq
lbg' kg]{5 .

@*= ;e]{o/sf] nflu of]Uotf M -!_ lgod @^ adf]lhd ;e]{o/sf] Ohfhtkqsf] nflu
lgj]bg lbg rfxg] lgj]bssf] b]xfosf dWo] s'g} Ps of]Uotf k'u]sf] x'g' kg]{5 M–
-s_ s'g} ladssf] sfof{nodf clws[t:t/sf] kbdf sDtLdf bz
jif{;Dd ladf Joj;fo;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{sf] cg'ej xfl;n
u/]sf],
-v_ O{lGhlgol/Ë ljifodf sDtLdf :gfts pkflw xfl;n u/]sf],
-u_ cGt/f{li6«o:t/sf rf6{8{ OG:of]/]G; OlGi6Ro"6 jf To:tf
;+:yfsf] dfGotf k|fKt ;+:yfaf6 ladf ;DaGwL ljifodf
sDtLdf :gfts pkfwL xfl;n u/]sf], jf
-3_ rf6{8{ PsfpG6]G;L k/LIff pQL0f{ u/]sf] .
-@_ pklgod -!_ sf] v08 -s_, -v_, -u_ jf -3_ adf]lhd of]Uotf k'u]sf]
lgj]bsn] ;e]{o/sf] Ohfhtkq k|fKt ug'{ cl3 ;ldltn] ;~rfng u/]sf] ;e]{o/
;DaGwL tfnLddf ;xefuL eO{ tfnLd k"/f u/]sf] k|df0fkq k|fKt u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .

 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

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
@*s=;e]{o/sf] juL{s/0f M ;e]{o/sf] Ohfhtkq k|fKt u/L ;e]{o/sf] ¿kdf sfd ub}{
cfPsf b]xfosf] cjlw k"/f u/]sf ;e]{o/nfO{ of] lgod k|f/De ePkl5 b]xfo adf]lhd
juL{s/0f u/L ;e]{o/sf] Ohfhtkq lbOg]5 M–
-s_ kGw| jif{eGbf a9L cjlw lgoldt ¿kdf ;e]{o/sf] sfd u/]sf
;e]{o/nfO{ æsÆ ju{,
-v_ bz jif{b]lv kGw| jif{;Dd lgoldt ¿kdf ;e]{o/sf] sfd u/]sf
;e]{o/nfO{ ævÆ ju{,
-u_ kfFr jif{b]lv bz jif{;Dd lgoldt ¿kdf ;e]{o/sf] sfd u/]sf
;e]{o/nfO{ æuÆ ju{,
-3_ kfFr jif{;Dd lgoldt ¿kdf ;e]{o/sf] sfd u/]sf ;e]{o/nfO{ æ3Æ ju{
.
@(= ;e]{o/sf] Ohfhtkq gjLs/0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ ;e]{o/n] cfˆgf] Ohfhtkq
gjLs/0f u/fpgsf] nflu P]gsf] bkmf #! sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq
gjLs/0f b:t"/ afkt æsÆ ju{sf] Ohfhtkq eP afx| xhf/ ?k}ofF ævÆ ju{sf]
Ohfhtkq eP gf} xhf/ ?k}ofF / æuÆ ju{sf] Ohfhtkq eP ;ft xhf/ ?k}ofF /
æ3Æ ju{sf] Ohfhtkq eP kfFr xhf/ ?k}ofF ;d]t ;+nUg /fvL cg';"rL–!%
adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf ;ldltsf] sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 . o;/L lgj]bg k|fKt
ePdf ;ldltn] To:tf] ;e]{o/sf] Ohfhtkq gjLs/0f u/L lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq s'g} ;e]{o/n] cfˆgf] Ohfhtkq
gjLs/0fsf] nflu lgj]bg lbg g;s]sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ ;ldltsf] sfof{nodf lgj]bg
lbPdf ;f] sf/0f d'gfl;j b]lvPdf ;ldltn] gjLs/0fsf] Dofb gf3]sf] klxnf] b'O{
dlxgf;Ddsf] nflu kfFr ;o ?k}ofF / To; kl5sf] rf/ dlxgf;Ddsf] nflu k|lt lbg
krf; ?k}ofF yk b:t"/ lnO{ To:tf] Ohfhtkq gjLs/0f ul/lbg ;Sg]5 .

@(s=;e]{ ug{ kfpg] ;Ldf M -!_ lgod @*s= adf]lhd k|To]s ju{sf] ;e]{o/n] ug{ kfpg]
;e]{ ;DaGwL ;Ldf ;ldltn] tf]lslbP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ ;e]{o/sf] cfrf/;+lxtf ;ldltn] tf]lslbP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wg eO{ bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

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#)= ;e]{o/sf] Ohfhtkq vf/]h ePdf M s'g} ;e]{o/sf] Ohfhtkq P]gsf] bkmf ##
adf]lhd vf/]h ePdf To;/L vf/]h ePsf] ldltn] kfFr jif{;Ddsf] cjlwsf] nflu
lghnfO{ ;e]{o/sf] ¿kdf sfd ug{sf] nflu csf]{ ;e]{o/sf] Ohfhtkq lbOg] 5}g .

kl/R5]b–%s
bnfn ;DaGwL Joj:yf
#)s= bnfnsf] Ohfhtkqsf] nflu lgj]bg lbg' kg]{ M P]gsf] bkmf #)v= adf]lhd
bnfnsf] ¿kdf sfd ug{ rfxg] lgod #)u= df pNn]lvt of]Uotf k'u]sf] JolQmn]
cg';"rL–!& adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf bnfnsf] Ohfhtkqsf] nflu ;ldltsf] sfof{nodf
lgj]bg lbg'kg]{5 .
#)v= bnfnsf] Ohfhtkq lbg'kg]{ M -!_ lgod #)s= adf]lhd bnfnsf] Ohfhtkqsf]
nflu lgj]bg k|fKt ePkl5 ;ldltn] lgod #)u= adf]lhd lgj]bssf] of]Uotf k'u]
gk'u]sf] hfFra'em u/L lghnfO{ bnfnsf] ¿kdf Ohfhtkq lbg pko'Qm b]v]df
lgj]bssf] gfd cg';"rL–!* adf]lhdsf] btf{ lstfadf btf{ ug'{kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bssf] gfd btf{ lstfadf btf{ ul/;s]kl5
;ldltn] lgj]bs;Fu bnfnsf] Ohfhtkq afkt kRrL; xhf/ ?k}ofF b:t'/ lnO{
To:tf] lgj]bsnfO{ cg';"rL !( adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf bnfnsf] Ohfhtkq lbg' kg]{5 .
#)u= bnfnsf] nflu of]Uotf M bnfnsf] Ohfhtkqsf] nflu lgj]bg lbg] JolQmn] b]xfosf
zt{x¿ k"/f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-s_ k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] ¿kdf dfGotf k|fKt
u/]sf] x'g' kg]{ .
-v_ ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] clws[t k'FhL ;ldltn] tf]lslbP adf]lhld x''g'kg]{ .
t/ ;ldltn] clws[t k'FhL lgwf{/0f ubf{ lglZrt dfu{bz{g agfO{ lgwf{/0f ug'{
kg]{5 .
-u_ ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] clws[t k'FhLsf] kRrL; k|ltzt /sd s'g} jfl0fHo
a}Ísf] d'2tL vftfdf hDdf ug'{ kg]{ .

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

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-3_ ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] d'Vo Joj:yfks eO{ sfd ug]{ JolQm ladf ;DaGwL
sfo{df kGw| jif{sf] cg'ej k|fKt u/]sf] x'g' kg]{ .
-ª_ ;ldltn] tf]lslbPsf cGo zt{x¿ k"/f ug'{ kg]{ .
#)3= bnfnsf] Ohfhtkq gjLs/0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ bnfnsf] cfˆgf] Ohfhtkq
gjLs/0f u/fpgsf] nflu P]gsf] bkmf #! sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq
gjLs/0f b:t'/ afkt kRrL; xhf/ ?k}ofF ;d]t ;+nUg /fvL cg';"rL–@)
adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf ;ldltsf] sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 . o;/L lgj]bg k|fKt
ePdf ;ldltn] To:tf] bnfnsf] Ohfhtkq gjLs/0f ul/lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq s'g} bnfnn] cfˆgf] Ohfhtkq
gjLs/0fsf] nflu lgj]bg lbg g;s]sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ ;ldltsf] sfof{nodf lgj]bg
lbPdf ;f] sf/0f dgfl;j b]lvPdf ;ldltn] gjLs/0fn] Dofb gf3]sf] klxnf] b'O{
dlxgf;Ddsf] nflu kfFr xhf/ ?k}ofF / To; kl5sf] rf/ dxLgf;Ddsf] nflu k|ltlbg
b'O{ ;o ?k}ofF yk b:t'/ lnO{ To:tf] Ohfhtkq gjLs/0f ul/lbg ;Sg]5 .
#)ª= bnfnsf] Ohfhtkq lbg /f]s nufpg ;Sg] M o; lgodfjnLdf cGoq h'g;'s}
s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ladf Joj;fosf] ahf/ ;DaGwL cWoog, cg';Gwfg tyf
d"NofÍgsf] cfwf/df ;ldltn] lads ladsaLr dfWodsf] ¿kdf sfd ug{ s;}nfO{
klg s'g} lglZrt cjlw;Ddsf] nflu bnfnsf] Ohfhtkq glbg] u/L /f]s nufpg
;Sg]5 .
#)r= bnfnsf] Ohfhtkq vf/]h M s'g} bnfnsf] Ohfhtkq P]gsf] bkmf ## adf]lhd
vf/]h ePdf To;/L vf/]h ePsf] ldltn] kfFr jif{;Ddsf] cjlwsf] nflu lghnfO{
bnfnsf] ¿kdf sfd ug{sf] nflu csf]{ Ohfhtkq lbOg] 5}g .

kl/R5]b–^
ladf bfaL e'QmfgL ;DaGwL Joj:yf
#!= hLjg ladfsf] bfaL e'QmfgL k|lqmof M -!_ ladsn] hLjg ladfsf] z'Nsf] clGtd
ls:tf e'Qmfg ul/ ;s]sf laldtsf] gfddf ls:tf e'Qmfg u/]sf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq
To:tf] hLjg ladfsf] bfaL e'QmfgL ug{sf] nflu rflxg] ladf n]v cflb sfuhftx¿
;d]t ;+nUg /fvL bfaL e'QmfgL ug{ cfpgsf] lgldQ e'QmfgL k"hL{ -l8:rfh{ efpr/_
hf/L ug'{kg]{ 5 .
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-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd laldtn] hLjg ladfsf] bfaL e'QmfgLsf] lgldQ
ladf n]v tyf cGo sfuhftx¿ / e'QmfgL k"hL{ ;d]t lads;dIf k]z u/]df
ladsn] cfjZos hfFra'em u/L hLjg ladf n]vsf] cjlw e'Qmfg ePsf] ;ft
lbgleq lghnfO{ hLjg ladfsf] bfaL e'QmfgL lbg'kg]{ 5 .
-#_ s'g} hLjg ladf n]vsf] cjlw ;dfKt x'g' cufj} ;f] ladf n]v lng]
laldtsf] d[To' ePdf lghn] OR5fPsf] JolQm eP lghn] / s;}nfO{ OR5fPsf] geP
P]gsf] bkmf #* sf] pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt JolQmx¿dWo] ;a} eGbf glhssf]
xsjfnfn] To:tf] hLjg ladfsf] /sd lngsf] nflu b]xfosf ljj/0fx¿ v'nfO{ bfaL
e'QmfgLsf] lgj]bg lads;dIf k]z ug'{kg]{ 5 .
-s_ bfaL ;DaGwL ljj/0f .
-v_ laldtsf] d[To' k|df0fkq .
-u_ b'3{6gfaf6 laldtsf] d[To' ePsf] / To:tf] hf]lvd hLjg
ladfdf ;dfj]z ePsf] eP laldtsf] d[To'sf] sf/0f
;DaGwdf ;/sf/L lrlsT;såf/f ul/Psf] zj k/LIf0fsf]
k|ltj]bg / ;f] geP k|x/L k|ltj]bg .
-3_ laldt;Fusf] gftf k|df0fkq .
-ª_ pd]/ k|dfl0ft gePsf] cj:yfdf pd]/ k|dfl0ft ug]{
sfuhftx¿ .
-r_ ;ldltåf/f tf]lslbPsf cGo ljj/0fx¿ .
-$_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg k|fKt ePkl5 ladsn] hLjg ladf
bfaLsf] ;DaGwdf k]z ePsf sfuhft ;d]tsf ljj/0fx¿ 5fgjLg u/L cfjZos
eP cGo s'/fx¿ ;d]t a'emL cfkm";dIf To:tf sfuhftx¿ k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] kGw|
lbgleq bfloTj lgwf{/0f u/L bfaL e'QmfgL lng cfpgsf] lgldQ lgj]bssf] gfddf
e'QmfgL k"hL{ -l8:rfh{ efpr/_ hf/L ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L hf/L u/]sf] e'QmfgL k"hL{
lgj]bsaf6 k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq ladsn] ladfsf] bfaL e'QmfgL ug'{kg]{
5.

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-%_ pklgod -$_ adf]lhd ladsn] ljj/0fx¿ 5fgjLg ubf{ bfloTj lgwf{/0f
u/L ladf bfaL e'QmfgL ug'{ gkg]{ b]v]df ;f] sf] sf/0f vf]nL To;sf] lnlvt
hfgsf/L lgj]bsnfO{ lbg'kg]{ 5 .
#@= lghL{jg ladfsf] bfaL e'QmfgL k|lqmof M -!_ lghL{jg ladf ug]{ laldtn] ladf n]v
adf]lhdsf] bfaL ug'{kg]{ ePdf tT;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ ljj/0fx¿ v'nfO{ lads;dIf
lgj]bg lbg'kg]{ 5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lghL{jg ladfsf] bfaL e'QmfgLsf] lgldQ laldtsf]
lgj]bg k|fKt ePdf ladsn] cfjZos hfFra'em ug{ cfjZos k/]df t'?Gt ;e]{o/
v6fpg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd vl6Psf] ;e]{o/n] cfjZos hfFra'em u/L kGw|
lbgleq ladssf] bfloTjsf] lgwf{/0f u/L To;sf] lj:t[t ljj/0f ;d]tsf] k|ltj]bg
lads;dIf k]z ug'{kg]{ 5 / To;af/] ladf n]vsf] zt{ tyf ;'ljwfsf] cwLgdf /xL
laldtn] kfpg ;Sg] /sd pNn]v u/L laldtnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd ;e]{o/n] lads;dIf k|ltj]bg k]z u/]sf]
;fwf/0ftof k}+tL; lbgleq ladsn] bfloTj 7x/ u/L laldltnfO{ lghL{jg ladfsf]
bfaL e'QmfgL ug'{kg]{ 5 .
##= ph'/L ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ lgod #! / #@ adf]lhd ladsn] bfloTj lgwf{/0f gu/]df jf
u/] klg laldtnfO{ dsf{ kg]{ u/L bfloTj lgwf{/0f u/]df laldtn] To;sf] sf/0f
;d]t vf]nL ;ldltdf ph'/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-!s_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ;ldltdf ph'/L kg{ cfPdf ;ldltn] ;DalGwt
ladsnfO{ kGw| lbgleq sf/0f v'nfO{ lnlvt hjfkm k]z ug{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .

-!v_ pklgod -!s_ adf]lhd lnlvt hjfkm k]z x'g cfPdf ;ldltn]
hfFra'em u/L cfjZos eP lads jf laldt;Fu cGo s'/f a'‰g jf cGo cfjZos
sfuhft tyf ljj/0f k]z ug{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

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
-!u_ pklgod -!s_ jf -!v_ ad]flhd lnlvt hjfkm jf cfjZos
sfuhft jf ljj/0f k]z x'g gcfPdf ;ldltn] To:tf] ph'/L pk/ PstkmL{ lg0f{o
u/L ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt ladsnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k/]sf] ph'/L pk/ ;ldltn] hfFra'em ubf{ ladsn]
bfloTj lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{df bfloTj lgwf{/0f gu/]sf] b]lvPdf ;ldltn] ladsnfO{
bfloTj lgwf{/0f ug{ jf k'gM bfloTj lgwf{/0f ug{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .

-#_ ===============

##s= Ifltk"lt{ /sddf Jofh e'QmfgL ug'{kg]{ M P]gsf] bkmf !& sf] pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd
Ifltk"lt{ /sddf jfl0fHo a}Íx¿n] d'2tL vftfdf k|bfg ul/g] k|rlnt Aofhb/df
g36\g] u/L Aofh e'QmfgL ug'{ kg]{5 .

kl/R5]b–&
ljljw
#$= ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo
/ clwsf/ b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5 M–
-s_ ladf b/ sfod ug]{ ;DaGwdf cfjZos gLlt lgwf{/0f ug]{ .
-v_ ladf b/df Ps¿ktf sfod ug]{ ;DaGwdf cfjZos gLlt lgwf{/0f
ug{ ljleGg ;]ldgf/, uf]i7L tyf ;Dd]ng ;+rfng ug]{ .
-u_ sfod ul/Psf] ladf b/ nfu" eP gePsf] ;DaGwdf /]vb]v
;'k/Lj]If0f, d"NofÍg ug]{ / cfjZostfg';f/ ;ldlt;dIf pko'Qm
;'emfj k]z ug]{ .
-3_ ladf Joj;fosf] :jR5 ;+rfng Pj+ ljsf;sf] lgldQ ;ldltnfO{
cfjZos ;'emfj lbg] .
#%= ladf°Lsf] of]Uotf M ;ldltaf6 dfGotf k|fKt OlG:6Ro"6 ckm PSRo"o/Laf6 km]nf]l;k
pkflw xfl;n u/]s]f JolQmn] o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd ladf+sLsf] sfd ug{ ;Sg]5 .

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .
 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

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#^= ladf+sLn] k]z u/]sf] hLjg ladf Joj;fosf] d"NofÍg adf]lhd ug{ :jLs[lt
lng' kg]{ M ladf+sLn] g]kfnleq hLjg ladf Joj;fosf] d"NofÍg u/]sf] k|ltj]bg
;ldltdf k]z u/L d"NofÍg cg';f/sf] Joj:yf ug{ ;ldltsf] :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .

#^s= ;jf/L b'3{6gf ladf ug]{ laldtnfO{ k|df0fkq lbg'kg]{ M ladsn] ;jf/L b'3{6gf
ladf ug]{ laldtnfO{ cg';"rL–@! adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf ladfsf] k|df0fkq lbg' kg]{5 .

#^v= sfg"g clws[t lgo'Qm ug'{ kg]{ M ladsn] g]kfn ============ leqsf] cfˆgf] k|wfg
sfof{nodf k"/f sfof{no ;do sfd ug]{ Ps sfg"g clws[t lgo'Qm ug'{ kg]{5 .

#^u= ladf z'Ns ga'emfP;Dd sf/f]af/ ePsf] gdflgg] M laldtn] ladsl;t ladf u/]
afkt a'emfpg' kg]{ ladf z'Nssf] /sd ga'emfP;Dd lghx¿sf] aLrdf ladf
;DaGwL sf/f]af/ ePsf] dflgg] 5}g .

#&= k|ltlnlk lbg] M -!_ o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd lbOPsf] k|df0fkq jf ladf clestf{
;e]{o/ jf bnfnsf] Ohfhtkq x/fPdf, RofltPdf, s'g} sf/0fn] gfl;Pdf jf
gjLs/0f ug]{ 7fpF geO{ csf]{ lng'kg]{ ePdf ;f] s'/f v'nfO{ ;DalGwt lads jf

ladf clestf{ ;e]{o/ jf bnfnn] To:tf] k|df0fkq jf Ohfhtkqsf] k|ltlnlksf]
nflu nfUg] b:t"/ Ps ;o ?k}ofF ;+nUg /fvL cg';"rL–!^ adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf
;ldltsf] sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|ltlnlksf] nflu lgj]bg k|fKt ePdf ;ldltn]
;DalGwt lgj]bsnfO{ To:tf] k|df0fkq jf Ohfhtkqsf] k|ltlnlk lbg' kg]{5 .
#*= lg/LIf0f tyf lgb]{zg M -!_ ;ldltn] ladsn] ug]{ ladf Joj;fosf ;DaGwdf
lg/LIf0f u/L ;do ;dodf cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 . o;/L ;ldltn] lbPsf]
lgb]{zgsf] kfngf ug'{ ;DalGwt ladssf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-@_ ;ldltaf6 lg/LIF0fsf] l;nl;nfdf vl6Psf clws[tn] dfu]sf] ljj/0f,
lx;fa lstfa nufotsf cGo sfuhftx¿ x]g{, hfFRg lbg] lads tyf ;DalGwt
;a}sf] st{Jo x'g]5 .

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .
 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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#(= cg';"rLdf x]/km]/ ug{ ;Sg] M g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;ldltsf] ;Nnfx lnO{ g]kfn
/fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L cg';"rLx¿df cfjZos yk36 jf x]/km]/ ug{
;Sg]5 .
$)= vf/]hL M ladf lgodx¿, @)@^ vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 .

b|i6Jo M s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f ?kfGt/ ePsf zAbx? M
æ>L % sf] ;/sf/Æ sf] ;§f æg]kfn ;/sf/Æ .

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cg';"rL–!
-lgod & sf] pklgod -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
ladssf] btf{sf] nflu lgj]bg

kmf]6f]
>L cWoIf
ladf ;ldlt .
ladf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf !) sf] pkbkmf -@_ tyf ladf lgodfjnL, @)$( sf]
lgod & sf] pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ladssf] ¿kdf gfd btf{ u/L k|df0fkq kfpgsf] lgldQ
nfUg] ?= krf; xhf/ b:t"/ ;lxt b]xfosf ljj/0fx¿ v'nfO{ lgj]bg u/]sf] 5' .
!= ;+:yfsf] gfd / 7]ufgf M–
@= k|wfg sfof{nosf] 7]ufgf M–
-s_ c~rn M– -v_ lhNnf M–
-u_ gu/÷ufpF M– -3_ 6]lnkmf]g M–
#= g]kfn ============ leqsf k|wfg tyf zfvf sfof{nox¿sf] gfd / k"/f 7]ufgf M–
$= k|d'v Joj:yfkssf] gfd / 7]ufgf M–
%= n]vfk/LIfssf] gfd / 7]ufgf M–
^= sd{rf/Lx¿sf] ;+Vof M–
-s_ g]kfnL gful/s M–
-v_ u}/ g]kfnL gful/s M–
&= ladf clestf{sf] ;+Vof M–
-s_ g]kfnL gful/s M–
-v_ u}/ g]kfnL gful/s M–
*= ;+ul7t ;+:yf btf{ u/fPsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk M–
(= cGo ljj/0f M–
lgj]bssf],
;xL M–
gfd M–
7]ufgf M–
ldlt M–

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

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cg';"rL–@
-lgod * sf] pklgod -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
ladssf] btf{ lstfa

cf=a=M–
btf{ g+= ladssf] gfd, y/ / k"/f 7]ufgf ladsn] ug]{ ladf Joj;fo s}lkmot

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cg';"rL–#
-lgod * sf] pklgod -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
ladssf] k|df0fkq
>L ==========================
==============================
tkfO{nfO{ ladf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf !) sf] pkbkmf -#_ tyf ladf lgodfjnL
@)$( sf] lgod * sf] pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ladssf] ¿kdf btf{ u/L b]xfodf pNn]v eP
adf]lhd ladf Joj;fo ug{ kfpg] u/L of] k|df0fkq lbOPsf] 5 .
!= ladf Joj;fosf] lsl;d M–
@= ladf Joj;fo ug{ kfpg] If]q M–
#= cGo s''/fx¿ M–
-s_
-v_
k|df0fkq lbg]sf]
;xL M–
gfd M–
bhf{ M–
ldlt M–
sfof{nosf] 5fk M–
gjLs/0f ;DaGwL ljj/0f
gjLs/0fsf] cjlw gjLs/0f ug]{sf] x:tfIf/ / ldlt s}lkmot

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cg';"rL–$
-lgod ( sf] pklgod -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
ladssf] btf{sf] gjLs/0fsf] nflu lgj]bg

>L cWoIf,
ladf ;ldlt .

d}n] To; ;ldltaf6 ldlt ======================= df lnPsf] ladssf] k|df0fkqsf] cjlw

ldlt ====================== df ;dfKt x'g] ePsf]n] ladf lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod ( sf]
pklgod -!_ adf]lhd nfUg] b:t"/ ;+nUg /fvL k|df0fkq gjLs/0fsf] nflu cg'/f]w ub{5' .

lgj]bssf],
;xL M–
gfd M–
7]ufgf M–
ldlt M–

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cg';"rL–% v08 æsÆ

-ladf lgod !$ sf] pklgod -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

ladssf] gfd M–
zfvf M–

!= ;+ul7t ;+:yf ePsf] ldlt M–

@= lgod adf]lhd btf{ ePsf] ldlt M–
#= g]kfn ===========leq ladf Joj;fo z'? u/]sf] ldlt M–
$= g]kfn ===========leq v'n]sf zfvf sfof{nosf] ljj/0f M–
%= kl5Nnf] jflif{s ljj/0f kZrft ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] d'Vo s'/fx¿df s'g} ;+zf]wg ePsf]
5, 5}g < 5 eg] pNn]v ug]{ M–
^= sd{rf/Lsf] ;+Vof M–
-s_ gful/s,
-v_ cgful/s,
&= ut jif{ k'gla{ds;Fu k'gla{df ;DalGwt ePdf ;Demf}tf jf s'g} kl/jt{g ePsf] 5,
5}g < olb 5 eg] ;f] ;+zf]wg -P8]G8d_ k]z ug]{ M–

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

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cg';"rL–% v08 ævÆ

-lgod !$ sf] pklgod -!_ ;“u ;DalGwt_
g]kfn leq ePsf] bfaL tyf tT;DaGwL cGo vr{x?sf] ljj/0f
! @ # $ % ^ & * ( !) !! !@
kf“r cf=j= cl3 rf/ rf/ cf=j= tLg tLg cf=j= b'O{ b'O{ cf=j= Ps Ps cf=j= rfn" rfn" cf=j= /
/ ;f] eGbf cf=j= cl3 @±# cf=j= cl3 / cf=j= cl3 / cf=j= cl3 / cf=j= ;f] eGbf cl3
cl3sf] jif{sf] cl3 sf] cl3 $±% sf] cl3 ^±& sf] cl3 *±( sf] !)±!! sf]
!= kf“r cf=j= cl3;Ddsf] e'QmfgL ug{ af“sL
bfaL
@= rf/ cf=j= sf] cjlwdf e'QmfgL ePsf] bfaL
#= rf/ cf=j= cl3;Ddsf] e'QmfgL ug{ af“sL
bfaL
$= bfaLsf] nflu Joj:yf ul/Psf]df b]lvg
cfPsf] leGgtf
%= km/s k|ltzt
^= tLg cf=j= cl3sf] cjlwdf lt/sf] bfaL
&= tLg cf=j= cl3;Dd glt/]sf] bfaL
*= a9L jf 36L
(= cg'kft
!)= b'O{ cf=j= cl3sf] cjlwdf lt/]sf] bfaL
!!= b'O{ cf=j= cl3;Dd glt/]s]f bfaL
!@= a9L jf 36L
!#= cg'kft
!$= Ps cf=j= cl3sf] cjlwdf lt/sf] bfaL
!%= Ps cf=j= cl3;Dd glt/]sf] bfaL
!^= 36L jf a9L
!&= cg'kft
!*= rfn" cf=j= sf] cjlwdf lt/]sf]
!(= rfn" cf=j= ;Dd glt/]sf] bfaL
@)= a9L jf 36L
@!= cg'kft

26
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cg';"rL–% v08 æuÆ

-lgod !$ sf] pklgod -!_ ;“u ;DalGwt_
cl3Nnf] cf=j= sf] cGTo ;Dddf ltg{ af“sL /x]sf] bfaLx?sf] nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] Joj:yfsf] ljj/0f

ladfsf] lsl;d hfgsf/Ldf cfPsf] t/ e'QmfgL gul/Psf kIfsf] nflu
ltg{ af“sL /x]sf] bfaLsf] nflu ul/Psf] v'b Joj:yfsf] hDdf
5'6\ofOPsf] v"b Joj:yf
!= hLjg, cUgL, ;fd'lb|s, df]6/, xjfO{ cl3Nnf] cf=j= cl3Nnf] cf=j= cl3Nnf] cf=j= x?sf] 36L jf cl3Nnf] cl3Nnf] cf=j= cl3Nnf] cf=j= 36L jf a9L
tyf 7]s]bf/ hf]lvd ladf tyf sf] x?sf] bfaL jfkt bfaLsf] nflu o; a9L cf=j= sf] lglDt o; cf=j= x?sf] lglDt -%–^–&_
OlGhlgol/ª ladf cGTo;Ddsf] o; cf=j= el/df cf=j= sf] cGTodf -!–@–#_ cGTo;Dd el/df lt/]sf] v'b 5'§ofOPsf] v'b
@= ljljw ladf cGtu{t -5'§f 5'§} v'b Joj:yf lt/]sf] v'b /sd 5'§fOPsf] v'b Joj:yf sf] /sd Joj:yf
v'nfpg]_ ! @ # $ % ^ & *
!= hLjg
-s_ JolQmut
-v_ Joj;flos
-u_ hDdf
@= cUgL
-s_ JolQmut
-v_ Joj;flos
-u_ hDdf
#= ;fd'lb|s
-s_ JolQmut
-v_ Joj;flos
-u_ hDdf
$= xjfO{
%= df]6/ sf/–t]>f] kIf
-s_ df]6/ sf/ tyf ofq' JolQmut
b'3{6gf
-v_ cGo v'nfpg]
^= 7]s]bf/ hf]lvd tyf OlGhlgol/ª
&= ljljw -5'§f 5'§} v'nfpg]_

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

27
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cg';"rL–% v08 æ3Æ

-lgod !$ sf] pklgod -!_ ;“u ;DalGwt_
ladf z'Ns tyf bfjL ljj/0f
ladssf] gfd M–
ladfsf] lsl;d ladf z'Ns -lkmtf{ ladf z'Ns s6fO_ cf=j= sf] bfaLdf ePsf] -;fNj]h tyf cGo vr{ s6fO_
cf=j= sf] v"b ladf
hLjg, cUgL, ;fd'lb|s, df]6/, k'gla{df k'gla{df afkt k'gla{df afkt -!±@–#_ z'?df c;"n cGTodf z'Ns lads tkm{sf] k'gla{df k'gla{df v"b
xjfO{ tyf 7]s]bf/ hf]lvd ladf cufl8sf] s'n cfh{g ePsf] e'QmfgL u/]sf] v"b ladf x'g af“sL ladf c;" n x' g
cfDbgL s'n bfaL lnP ePsf] af6 Joxf]l/Psf]
tyf OlGhlgol/ª ladf, ljljw ladf z'Ns ladf z'Ns ladf z'Ns z'Ns af“sL ladf /sd afktsf] k|fKt bfjL bfaL
z'Ns -$±%–^_
ladf cGtu{t -5'§f 5'§} v'nfpg]_ cfDbfgL z'Ns bfaL /sd /sd -*±(–!)_
! @ # $ % ^ & * ( !) !!
!= hLjg
-s_ JolQmut
-v_ Joj;flos
hDdf
@= cUgL
-s_ JolQmut
-v_ Joj;flos
hDdf
#= ;fd'lb|s
-s_ JolQmut
-v_ Joj;flos
hDdf
$= xjfO{
%= df]6/ sf/–t]>f] kIf
-s_ df]6/ sf/ tyf ofq'
JolQmut b'3{6gf
-v_ cGo v'nfpg]
^= 7]s]bf/ hf]lvd tyf
OlGhlgol/ª
&= ljljw -5'§f 5'§} v'nfpg]_ .

28
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cg';"rL–% v08 æªÆ

-lgod !$ sf] pklgod -!_ ;“u ;DalGwt_
bfaLsf] ljj/0f -ljb]zdf ul/Psf] k'gla{df_

ladssf] gfd M–

k'gla{df lbP -l;8]8_ afkt e'QmfgL ul/Psf] k'gla{df z'Ns k'gla{dfaf6 Joxf]l/Psf] bfaL /sd
Joj;fosf] k|sf/ sf]6f z]o/ ;Nk{; PS;]; ckm n; km]sN6]l6e hDdf sf]6f z]o/ ;Nk{; PS;]; ckm km]sN6]l6e hDdf
n;
!= clUg
@= ;fd'lb|s
#= df]6/
$= xjfO{
%= 7]s]bf/ hf]lvd tyf
OlGhlgol/Ë
^= ljljw ljifo v'nfO
-s_
-v_
-u_

hDdf M–

29
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cg';"rL–% v08 ærÆ

-lgod !$ sf] pklgod -!_ ;“u ;DalGwt_
@= bfaLsf] ljj/0f -:jb]zdf ul/Psf] k'gla{df_

ladssf] gfd M–

k'gla{df lbP -l;8]8_ afkt e'QmfgL ul/Psf] k'gla{df z'Ns k'gla{dfaf6 Joxf]l/Psf] bfaL /sd
Joj;fosf] k|sf/
sf]6f z]o/ ;Nk{; PS;]; ckm n; km]sN6]l6e hDdf sf]6f z]o/ ;Nk{; PS;]; ckm n; km]sN6]l6e hDdf
!= clUg
@= ;fd'lb|s
#= df]6/
$= xjfO{
%= 7]s]bf/ hf]lvd tyf
OlGhlgol/Ë
^= ljljw–ljifo v'nfO
-s_
-v_
-u_
hDdf M–

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cg';"rL–% v08 æ5Æ

-lgod !$ sf] pklgod -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
ladssf] gfd M–
!= g]kfn btf{ ePsf ladsx¿nfO{ lbPsf] k'gla{df

k'gla{dssf] gfd e'QmfgL ladf z'Ns k|fKt sldzg bfjL l/se/L

!

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cg';"rL–% v08 æhÆ

-lgod !$ sf] pklgod -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

ladssf] gfd M–
@= ljb]zL k'gla{dsnfO{ lbPsf] k'gla{df

k'gla{dssf] gfd e'QmfgL ladf z'Ns k|fKt sldzg bfjL l/se/L

!

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cg';"rL–% v08 æemÆ

-lgod !$ sf] pklgod -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

ladssf] gfd M–
#= g]kfn ============ df btf{ ePsf ladsx¿af6 k|fKt k'gla{df

k'gla{dssf] gfd k'gla{df lnP afkt ladf e'QmfgL lbPsf] e'QmfgL

z'Ns cfDbfgL sldzg lbPsf] bfaL
!

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

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cg';"rL–% v08 æ`Æ

-lgod !$ sf] pklgod -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

ladssf] gfd M–
$= ljb]zL ladsx¿af6 k|fKt k'gla{df

k'gla{dssf] gfd e'QmfgL ladf z'Ns k|fKt sldzg bfjL l/se/L

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cg';"rL–% v08 æ6Æ

-lgod !$ sf] pklgod -!_ ;“u ;DalGwt
;fn ================ sf] jf;nft
hLjg ladf lghL{jg ladf hDdf hLjg ladf lghL{jg ladf hDdf
z]o/ k"“hL l:y/ ;DklQ
clws[t k"“hL nufgL / shf{
?= ============= b/sf] ========= nufgLM
z]o/x? g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lwtf]kq
hf/L k"“hL a}Í d'2tL vftf
?= ============ b/sf] ========= z]o/ -;/sf/L tyf u}/
z]o/x? ;/sf/L a]Un} v'nfpg]_
r'Qmf k"“hL C0f kq
?= ============= b/sf] ========== l/on :6]6
z]ox? cGo ljj/0f v'nfpg]
z]o/ lk|ldod lx;fa shf{
-ljj/0f v'nfpg]_ -ljj/0f v'nfpg]_
ladf sf]if rfn" ;DklQ
hLjg ladf a}Í tyf gub df}Hbft
cUgL ladf cNksflng nufgL
;fd'lb|s ladf ls:tf, lk|ldod
xjfO{ ladf clestf{af6 k|fKt x'g
df]6/ ladf af“sL lk|ldod

7]s]bf/ hf]lvd tyf cGo ljdsaf6 k|fKt x'g

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hLjg ladf lghL{jg ladf hDdf hLjg ladf lghL{jg ladf hDdf
OlGhlgol/Ë ljljw ladf af“sL
bL3{sflng C0f -;'/lIft cGo
tyf c;'/lIft a]Un} v'nfpg]_ k]ZsLM
rfn" bfloTj tyf Joj:yf sd{rf/L k]ZsL
rfn" bfloTj cGo k]ZsL
;"lrt ul/Psf tyf af“sL cu|Ld e'QmfgL
x'g cfPsf bfaL afkt
ljljw
cg'dflgt bfloTj
gfkmf gf]S;fg
PGjL6L afkt lbg af“sL
cGo
k'gla{dsnfO{ lbg af“sL
k'gla{df lk|ldod l/he{
clestf{ sldzg
cNksfnLg C0f
cGo -ljj/0f v'nfpg]_
Joj:yf
cfos/ Joj:yf
nfef“z Joj:yf

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cg';"rL–% v08 æ6Æ ;Fu ;+nUg ug'{kg]{

l6Kk0fLx¿ -;+nUg ug'{kg]{_ M
!= s'g} ;DklQ, bfloTj, k'FhL, hu]8fnfO{ hLjg ladf tyf lghL{jg ladftkm{ xfnsf]
;Gbe{df 5'6ofpg g;lsg] ePdf lghL{jg ladfsf] dxndf b]vfpg' kb{5 .
@= s'g} ;DklQdfly ladssf] k"0f{ tyf c;Lldt :jfldTj gePdf ;f] sf] :ki6 hfgsf/L
lbg' kb{5 .
#= lan l8:sfp06 u/] jfkt, z]o/ jfkt dfu gePsf] /sd tyf jf;nftdf gk/]sf
cGo ;+efljt bfloTjnfO{ e}k/L cfpg] bfloTjdf b]vfpg' kb{5 .
$= l:y/ ;DklQnfO{ k/n df]ndf x|f; s6fO{ v'b afFsL df]ndf b]vfpg' kb{5 . :yL/
;DklQsf] k/n df]n, k|:t't jif{df yk tyf 36 ut jif{;Ddsf] x|f;, k|:t't jif{sf]
x|f;, hDdf x|f;, v"b afFsL df]n b]lvg] u/L ljj/0f ;+nUg ug'{kg]{ 5 .
%= nufgLnfO{ k/n df]ndf b]vfpg' kb{5 . lk|km/]G; z]o/ tyf ;fwf/0f z]o/ a]Unf a]Un}
b]vfpg' kb{5 . ;xfos sDkgLsf] z]o/df nufgL a]Un} b]vfpg' kb{5 .
^= cNksfnLg nufgL eg]sf] ! jif{leq e'QmfgL x'g] lgDglnlvt nufgL ;+emg' kb{5 .
-s_ d'2tL lx;fa
-v_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lwtf]kq
-u_ k"0f{ ;'/lIft cGo lgIf]k
&= lnPsf] shf{df lwtf] aGws ePsf] shf{ / gePsf] shf{ a]Unf a]Un} b]vfpg' kb{5 .
*= lwtf] aGws ePsf] shf{dWo] lgDglnlvt shf{x¿ a]Unf a]Un} b]vfpg' kb{5 .
-s_ g]kfnleqsf] ;DklQ lwtf]df shf{
-v_ ;/sf/L lwtf]kqsf] lwtf]df shf{
-u_ ladf n]vdf shf{
-3_ z]o/ jf l8j]Gr/sf] lwtf]df shf{ .
(= ;xfos sDkgLnfO{ shf{ lbPsf] eP a]Un} b]vfpg' k5{ .
!)= ljljwsf] cGodf Voflt, k|f/lDes tyf ;+rfng cl3sf] vr{, ljsf; vr{, C0f kq
hf/L u/]sf]df 5'6, cGo vr{ h;nfO{ eljiodf vr{ n]lvg] 5 cflb vr{x¿ pko'Qm
zLif{s cGtu{t b]vfpg' kb{5 .
!!= jf;nft ;fy cg';"rL % v08 æ7Æ cg';f/sf] gfkmf gf]S;fg lx;fa tyf cg';"rL %
v08 æ9Æ cg';f/sf] k|To]s ladf Joj;fosf] cfo Joo ljj/0f ;+nUg ug'{kg]{5 .

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!@= ;+rfns, Joj:yfks tyf ltgLx¿sf] gft]bf/af6 k|fKt x'g afFsL /sd Pj+ ;+rfns,
Joj:yfks tyf ltgLx¿sf] gft]bf/sf] lxt ePsf] sDkgL, ;fem]bf/L kmd{af6 k|fKt
x'g afFsL /sdsf] ljj/0f ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 .
!#= hLjg ladftkm{ k|fKt s'n lk|ldoddWo] k|yd / gjLs/0f ladf z'Ns 5'§} v'nfpg'
kg]{5 .
!$= hLjg ladf tyf lghL{jg ladfsf] Pp6} jf;nft agfpg g;lsg] ePdf a]Unf a]Un}
agfpg' kg]{5 .

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cg';"rL–% v08 æ7Æ

-lgod !$ sf] pklgod -!_ ;“u ;DalGwt_
ladssf] gfd M–
============ ;fn cfiff9 d;fGt;Ddsf] gfkmf gf]S;fgsf] lx;fa
cf=j= vr{sf] ljj/0f cf=j= cfDbfgLsf] ljj/0f cf=j= cf=j= cf=j=
Joj:yfkg vr{ -cfo Joo lx;fadf gk/]sf]_ nufgL tyf shf{df Aofh
lx;fadf gf]S;fg g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lwtf]kq
clUg ladf Joj;fo z]o/df nfef“z
;fd'lb|s ladf Joj;fo a}Í d'2tL vftf
xjfO{ ladf Joj;fo cGo -ljj/0f v'nfpg]_
df]6/ ladf Joj;fo cGo cfo -ljj/0f v'nfpg]_
7]s]bf/ hf]lvd tyf OlGhlgol/ª lx;fadf art
ljljw clUg ladf Joj;fo
gfkmf gf]S;fg lx;faaf6 ;f/]sf] ;fd'lb|s ladf Joj;fo
hLjg ladf Joj;foaf6 gf]S;fg xjfO{ ladf Joj;fo
;+l4Uw cf;fdL Joj:yf df]6/ ladf Joj;fo
cfos/sf] nflu Joj:yf 7]s]bf/ hf]lvd tyf OlGhlgol/ª
hu]8f -ljj/0f v'nfpg]_ ljljw ladf Joj;fo
nfef“zsf] nflu Joj:yf
sd{rf/L sNof0f sf]if gfkmf–gf]S;fg lx;faaf6 ;f/]sf] gfkmf
sd{rf/L pkbfg tyf lgj[lQe/0f sf]if hLjg ladf Joj;foaf6 gfkmf
hDdf hDdf

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cg';"rL–% v08 æ8Æ

-lgod !$ sf] pklgod -!_ ;“u ;DalGwt_
ladssf] gfd
>fj0f ============ b]lv cfiff9 d;fGt ============= ;Ddsf] cfo Joo ljj/0f
Joo cfo
ladfn]v cGtu{t bfaL s§L k'gla{df lk|ldod s§L k'gla{df
e'QmfgL ePsf] d[To' bfaL
e'QmfgL ePsf] cjlw e'QmfgL bfaL k|yd
cfly{s jif{sf] cGTodf :jLs[lt cyfj ;"lrt d[To' tyf cjlw gjLs/0f
e'QmfgL bfaL afkt cg'dflgt bfloTj PGjL6L afkt k|fKt s§L k'gla{df
d[To'
cjlw k'gla{df u/fPsf]df sldzg
s§LM ut jif{sf] cGTodf /x]sf]
d[To' tyf cjlw e'QmfgL bfaL jfkt cg'dflgt bfloTj nufgL tyf shf{df Aofh
PGjL6L s§L k'gla{df g]kfn ;/sf/sf] C0f kq
;dk{0f d"No a}Í d'2tL vftf
clestf{ sldzg
k|yd ladf n]vdf shf{
gjLs/0f cGo cfo -ljj/0f v'nfpg]_
Joj:yfkg vr{ -ljj/0f v'nfpg]_
shf{df Aofh jif{sf] k|f/Dedf hLjg ladf sf]if cfo Joo lx;faaf6
ck|fKo C0f af“sL NofPsf] gfkmf
cGo vr{ -ljj/0f v'nfpg]_
v"b jrt lhjg ladf lx;fadf ;f/]sf]
gfkmf gf]S;fg lx;fadf gfkmf ;f/]sf]

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cg';"rL–% v08 æ9Æ

-lgod !$ sf] pklgod -!_ ;“u ;DalGwt_
clUg, ;fd'lb|s, df]6/, 7]s]bf/, hf]lvd tyf OlGhlgol/ª,
ljljw ladf Joj;fosf] cfo Joo lx;fa

ut Joo /sd ut cfo /sd

jif{ jif{
bfjL e'QmfgL ladf sf]if -cfly{s jif{sf]
clestf{ sldzg k|f/Dedf_
Joj:yfkg vr{ cg'kflh{t ladf z'Ns
k'gla{df lnP afkt sldzg bfaL afkt cg'dflgt
bfloTj
ladf sf]if -cfly{s jif{sf]
cGTodf_ -;"lrt gePsf ;+efljt
bfaL ;d]t_
cg'kflh{t ladf z'Ns
bfaL afkt cg'dflgt bfloTj
-;"lrt gePsf ;+efljt bfaL
;d]t_ lk|ldod s§L k'gla{df
-cfO{=la=Pg=cf/=_ k'gla{df lbPsf]df sldzg
art gfkmf gf]S;fg lx;fadf
;f/]sf]
hDdf hDdf

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cg';"rL–^
-lgod !$ sf] pklgod -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
;DklQ / bfloTjsf] ljj/0f
;DklQ -ahf/ d"No jf v"b k|fKt x'g ;Sg] d"Nodf_
l:y/ ;DklQ
nufgL
rfn" ;DklQ
s'n ;DklQ -s_
bfloTj
ladf sf]if
bL3{sfnLg C0f jfkt ltg{ afFsL ls:tf tyf Jofh
rfn" bfloTj
cfos/ Joj:yf
nfefFz Joj:yf
s'n bfloTj -v_
bfloTj eGbf ;DklQ a9L . 36L -s–v_

b|i6JoM
!= rfn" ;DklQdf d;nGb, 5kfO tyf sfd gnfUg] cGo dfn;fdfg ;fdfj]z ug{
kfOg] 5}g .
@= afFsL lk|ldodsf] xsdf P]gåf/f dfGotf lbPsf] afx]s cGo afFsL lk|ldod ;dfj]z
ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
#= s'g} ljz]if bfloTj k"/f ug{ v8f ul/Psf] hu8f bfloTjdf ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
$= ;DklQsf] d"NofÍgsf] tl/sf, cfwf/ l6Kk0fLåf/f v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
%= ljb]zL sDkgLn] g]kfn aflx/ ;DklQ tyf bfloTj ;dfj]z ug{ kfOg] 5}g .

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cg';"rL–&
-lgod !( ;Fu ;DalGwt_
ladf clestf{sf] Ohfhtkqsf] nflu lgj]bg

kmf]6f]
>L cWoIf
ladf ;ldlt .

ladf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf #) sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ladf clestf{ eO{ sfd ug]{
Ohfhtkqsf] nflu tflnd k"/f u/]sf] k|df0fkq tyf ;DalGwt ladssf] l;kmfl/z ;lxt
b]xfosf ljj/0fx¿ v'nfO lgj]bg u/]sf] 5' .
!= k]zf M–
@= ladf clestf{ eO{ sfd ug{sf] nflu l;kmfl/z ug]{ ladssf] gfd M–
#= klxnf s'g} ladsn] lgo'lQm u/]sf] eP ;f] ladssf] gfd M–
$= klxnf ladf clestf{ eO{ sfd u/]sf] eP To;sf] ljj/0f M–
%= cGo s'/fx¿ M–

lgj]bssf],
;xL M–
gfd M–
7]ufgf M–
ldlt M–

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

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cg';"rL–*
-lgod @) sf] pklgod -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
ladf clestf{sf] btf{ lstfa

cf=j=–
btf{ g+= ladf clestf{sf] gfd, y/ / ladf clestf{n] ug]{ s}lkmot
k"/f 7]ufgf sfo{ If]q

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cg';"rL–(
-lgod @) sf] pklgod -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
ladf clestf{sf]
Ohfhtkq
Ohfhtkq g+=

kmf]6f]

>L ====================================
======================================
tkfO{FnfO{ ladf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf #) sf] pkbkmf -@_ tyf ladf lgodfjnL,
@)$( sf] lgod @) sf] pklgod -@_ adf]lhd ======================= ladssf] ladf clestf{
eO{ sfd ug{ kfpg] u/L Ohfhtkq lbOPsf] 5 .

sfof{nosf] 5fk Ohfhtkq lbg]sf],

;xL M–
gfd M–
bhf{ M–
ldlt M–
gjLs/0f Joxf]/f
gjLs/0fsf] cjlw gjLs/0f ug]{sf] x:tfIf/ / ldlt s}lkmot

45
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cg';"rL–!)
-lgod @@ sf] pklgod -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
ladf clestf{sf] Ohfhtkq gjLs/0fsf] nflu lgj]bg

>L cWoIf,
ladf ;ldlt .
d}n] To; ;ldltaf6 ldlt ======================== df lnPsf] ladf clestf{sf]
Ohfhtkqsf] cjlw ldlt ======================= df ;dfKt x'g] ePsf]n] ladf lgodfjnL, @)$(
sf] lgod @@ sf] pklgod -!_ adf]lhd nfUg] b:t"/ ;lxt ;DalGwt ladssf] l;kmfl/z o;}
;fy ;+nUg /fvL Ohfhtkq gjLs/0fsf] nflu cg'/f]w ub{5' .

lgj]bssf],
;xL M–
gfd M–
7]ufgf M–
ldlt M–

46
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cg';"rL–!!
-lgod @# sf] pklgod -!_ sf] -s_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
ladf clestf{n] lng kfpg] sldzg /sdsf]
tflnsf
k|yd jif{ d'gfkmfdf bf]>f] jif{ d'gfkmfdf t]>f] b]lv
d'gfkmfdf z/Ls d'gfkmfdf z/Ls bzf}+ jif{
z/Ls x'g] gx'g] z/Ls x'g] gx'g]
-s_ ;fjlws hLjg ladf
-afnaRrfsf] lzIff
tyf ljjfx ;fjlws
hLjg ladf ;d]t_
@) jif]{ jf a9L cjlwsf] @% @% @% @) %
!% b]lv !( jif]{ cjlwdf @% @) !% !% %
!) b]lv !$ jif]{ cjlwdf !% !% !% !% %
* b]lv ( jif]{ cjlwdf !) !) !) !) %
% b]lv & jif]{ cjlwdf !) !) % % %
-v_ lgDg cjlwsf] nflu
ladf z'Ns e'QmfgL
ug]{ u/L lnOg]
cfhLjg hLjg
ladfsf] nflu
@% jif]{ jf a9L cjlwsf] @% @% @% @) %
@) jif]{b]lv @$ jif{;Dd @% @) !% !% %
!% jif]{b]lv !( jif{;Dd !% !% !% !% %
!) jif{b]lv !$ jif{;Dd !) !) !) !) %
% jif{b]lv ( jif{;Dd !) !) % % %
-u_ DofbL hLjg ladf – !) % % %
;dtn – % – – –
-3_ xf;tn

47
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cg';"rL–!@
-lgod @^ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
;e]{o/sf] Ohfhtkqsf] nflu lgj]bg

kmf]6f]

>L cWoIf,
ladf ;ldlt .
ladf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf #) sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ========== ju{sf] ;e]{o/ eO{
sfd ug]{ Ohfhtkqsf] nflu b]xfosf ljj/0fx¿ v'nfO lgj]bg u/]sf] 5' .
!= ;e]{o/sf] gfd / 7]ufgf M–
@= k]zf M–
#= of]Uotf M–
$= klxnf ;e]{o/ eO{ sfd u/]sf] eP o;sf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0f M–
%= klxnf s'g} ladsn] ;e]{o/ eO{ sfd ubf{ lgo'lQm ab/ u/]sf] eP ;f] sf] ljj/0f M–
^= cGo ljj/0fx¿ M–

lgj]bssf],
;xL M–
gfd M–
7]ufgf M–
ldlt M–

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

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cg';"rL–!#
-lgod @& sf] pklgod -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
;e]{o/sf] btf{ lstfa

cf=j=–

;e]{o/sf] ju{
btf{ g+= ;e]{o/sf] gfd, y/ / k"/f 7]ufgf ;e]{o/n] ug]{ sfo{ If]q s}lkmot

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

49
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cg';"rL–!$
-lgod @& sf] pklgod -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
;e]{o/sf] Ohfhtkq
Ohfhtkq g+=

kmf]6f]

>L ====================================
=========================================
tkfO{FnfO{ ladf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf #) sf] pkbkmf -@_ tyf ladf lgodfjnL,
@)$( sf] lgod @& sf] pklgod -@_ adf]lhd ======= ju{sf] ;e]{/sf] ¿kdf sfd ug{
kfpg] u/L of] Ohfhtkq lbOPsf] 5 .
sfof{nosf] 5fk M–
Ohfhtkq lbg]sf],
;xL M–
gfd M–
bhf{ M–
ldlt M–
gjLs/0fsf] ljj/0f
gjLs/0fsf] cjlw gjLs/0f ug]{sf] b:tvt / ldlt s}lkmot

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

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cg';"rL–!%
-lgod @( sf] pklgod -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
;e]{o/sf] Ohfhtkqsf] gjLs/0fsf] nflu lgj]bg

>L cWoIf,
ladf ;ldlt .

d}n] To; ;ldltaf6 ldlt ================== df lnPsf] ======== ju{sf] ;e]{o/sf]

Ohfhtkqsf] cjlw ldlt ======================= df ;dfKt x'g] ePsf]n] ladf lgodfjnL, @)$(
sf] @( sf] pklgod -!_ adf]lhd nfUg] b:t"/ ;lxt ;DalGwt ladssf] l;kmfl/z o;} ;fy
;+nUg /fvL Ohfhtkq gjLs/0fsf] nflu cg'/f]w ub{5' .

lgj]bssf],
;xL M–
gfd M–
7]ufgf M–
ldlt M–

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

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cg';"rL–!^
-lgod #& sf] pklgod -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
k|ltlnlksf] nflu lgj]bg

>L cWoIf,
ladf ;ldlt .


d}n] To; ;ldltaf6 ldlt ================= df lnPsf] lads ÷ ladf clestf{
÷;e]{o/sf] ÷ bnfnsf] k|df0fkq ÷ Ohfhtkq ÷ ldlt ================ df x/fPsf] ÷
RofltPsf] ÷ gjLs/0f ug]{ 7fpF ;dfKt eO{ csf]{ lng' kg]{ ePsf]n] ladf lgodfjnL, @)$(
sf] lgod #& sf] pklgod -!_ adf]lhd nfUg] b:t"/ ;lxt pQm k|df0fkq . Ohfhtkqsf]
k|ltlnlk kfpg lgj]bg ub{5' .

lgj]bssf],
;xL M–
gfd M–
7]ufgf M–
ldlt M–

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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
cg';"rL–!&
-lgod #)s= ;Fu ;DalGwt_
bnfnsf] btf{sf] nflu lgj]bg

>L cWoIf,
ladf ;ldlt .
ladf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf #)v= sf] pkbkmf -!_ tyf ladf lgodfjnL, @)$( sf]
lgod #)s= adf]lhd bnfnsf] ¿kdf gfd btf{ u/L k|df0f–kq kfpgsf] lgldQ nfUg]
kRrL; xhf/ ?k}ofF b:t'/ ;lxt b]xfosf ljj/0fx¿ v'nfO{ lgj]bg u/]sf] 5' .
!= ;+:yfsf] gfd M–
@= k|wfg sfof{nosf] 7]ufgf M–
-s_ c~rn – -v_ lhNnf –
-u_ gu/÷ufpF M– -u_ 6]lnkmf]g M–
#= clws[t k'FhL M–
$= g]kfn ============ leqsf k|wfg tyf zfvf sfof{nox¿sf] gfd / 7]ufgf M–
%= k|d'v Joj:yfkssf] gfd / 7]ufgf –
^= n]vfk/LIfssf] gfd / 7]ufgf –
&= sd{rf/Lx¿sf]] ;+Vof –
-s_ g]kfnL gful/s –
-v_ u}/ g]kfnL gful/s –
*= ;+ul7t ;+:yf btf{ u/fPsf] k|df0f–kqsf] k|ltlnlk –
(= ;ldltn] tf]lslbPsf cGo zt{x¿ –

lgj]bssf],
;xL –
gfd –
7]ufgf –
ldlt –

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

53
 www.lawcommission.gov.np


cg';"rL !*
-lgod #)v= sf] pklgod -!_ ;+u ;DalGwt_
bnfnsf] btf{ lstfa

cf=j=
btf{ g+= bnfnsf] gfd, y/ / 7]ufgf bnfnn] ug]{ sfo{ s}lkmot

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

54
 www.lawcommission.gov.np


cg';"rL–!(
-lgod #)v= sf] pklgod -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
bnfnsf] Ohfhtkq

>L ====================================
=========================================

tkfO{FnfO{ ladf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf #)v= sf] pkbkmf -@_ tyf ladf lgodfjnL,
@)$( sf] lgod #)v= sf] pklgod -@_ adf]lhd bnfnsf] ¿kdf btf{ u/L of] Ohfhtkq
lbOPsf] 5 .

k|df0fkq lbg]sf],
;xL M–
gfd M–
bhf{ M–
ldlt M–

gjLs/0f ;DaGwL ljj/0f

gjLs/0fsf] cjlw gjLs/0f ug]{sf] x:tfIf/ / ldlt s}lkmot

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

55
 www.lawcommission.gov.np


cg';"rL–@)
-lgod #)3= ;Fu ;DalGwt_
bnfnsf] Ohfhtkqsf] gjLs/0fsf] nflu lgj]bg

>L cWoIf,
ladf ;ldlt .

d}n] To; ;ldltaf6 ldlt ======================= df lnPsf] bnfnsf] Ohfhtkqsf]

cjlw ldlt ========================= df ;dfKt x'g] ePsf]n] ladf lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] #)3=
sf] pklgod -!_ adf]lhd nfUg] b:t"/ tyf lgDg sfuhft ;d]t ;+nUg u/L bnfnsf]
Ohfhtkq gjLs/0fsf] nflu lgj]bg u/]sf] 5' .

;+nUg sfuhftx¿
!= ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] k|aGwkq tyf lgodfjnLdf ePsf] ;+zf]wg ;DaGwL sfuhft .
@= jflif{s sf/f]af/sf] ljj/0f .

lgj]bssf],
;xL –
gfd –
7]ufgf –
ldlt –

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

56
 www.lawcommission.gov.np


cg';"rL @!
-lgod #^s= ;+u ;DalGwt_
ladfsf] k|df0fkq
;jf/L b'3{6gf ladf ug]{sf] nflu

k|df0fkq g+=
!= laldtsf] gfd #= 6]lnkmf]g g++= %= ladfÍ g+=
@= 7]ufgf $= ladfn]v g+= ^= ;jf/L ;fwgsf] ljj/0f
lsl;d btf{ g+=÷ldlt r];L; g+= OGhLg g+= ef/jxg Ifdtf÷
l;6 ;+Vof

&= ladfn]v cjlw

*= gjLs/0f cjlw
b]lv cGo gjLs/0f ug]{sf] x:tfIf/ / ldlt s}lkmot

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

57