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21 Receivers
21 Receivers
Dr. G.Aarthi,
Associate Professor, School of Electronics Engineering
Receivers
A receiver is an electronic equipment which picks
up any desired radio frequency signal.
Functions:
Amplifying the desired signal to the requisite level.
Demodulating RF signal.
Feeding modulating voltage to an indicator (loud
speaker)
Classification of Radio Receivers
Sensitivity
• Ability to receive weak signals
Selectivity
• Ability to select desired signal and reject all other
unwanted signals
Fidelity
• Faithful reproduction of original signal
Signal to Noise ratio
• A good receiver should have high SNR
TRF (Tuned Radio Frequency )Receiver
RF RF AF
DETECTOR
STAGE STAGE AMP
RF Stage-
Selects the desired station and amplifies weak antenna
signal(Normally a wideband amplifier tunable from approx 535
kHZ to 1650 KHZ)(standard commercial AM band)
RF RF AF
DETECTOR
STAGE STAGE AMP
Detector-
Demodulates the AM wave and converts it to the original
information.
It used a form of detection called envelope detection and used a
diode to rectify the signal.
TRF (Tuned Radio Frequency )Receiver
RF RF AF
DETECTOR
STAGE STAGE AMP
AF Amp-
Used to amplify the recovered signal
Power amplifier-
To drive the speaker
TRF receiver
•Advantages
Mixer
From
RF
output
Main Problem with Super‐het RX:
Image Frequency:
fImage fDesired + 2fIF
Choice of IF Frequency
Image is 2x IF away from the wanted frequency
◦ Larger IF frequency makes suppression of image easier
◦ Too low an IF and the RF input filters are too difficult
Tuning range of receiver cannot cross the IF
◦ Hence HF receivers often have a very high 1st IF, >60MHz
Realistic RF filtering usually forces the choice of 1st IF.
◦ This may not be good for selectivity!
Hence a second lower IF is often used – DUAL CONVERSION
◦ High 1st IF gives good image rejection
◦ Low 2nd IF gives good selectivity
NBFM (2.5kHz dev) demodulation also requires a low IF, 455kHz
◦ For WBFM (75kHz dev) it can be greater, 10.7MHz
Double‐conversion Super‐hat RX:
Superheterodyne Receivers