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‫بنغلط و ربنا يوفقك‬
Use the figure to answer the questions:

1) Label A represents a(n) ________.

A) sarcomere
B) actin filament
C) myosin filament
D) Z-line
Answer: D

2) Label B represents a(n) ________.

A) sarcomere
B) actin filament
C) myosin filament
D) Z-line
Answer: C
3) Label C represents a(n) ________.
A) sarcomere
B) actin filament
C) myosin filament
D) Z-line
Answer: A

4) Label D represents a(n) ________.

A) sarcomere
B) actin filament
C) myosin filament
D) Z-line
Answer: B

Use the figure to answer the following questions:

5) Structure A is a(n) ________.

A) fascicle
B) muscle fiber
C) tendon
D) whole muscle
Answer: C

6) Structure B is a(n) ________.

A) fascicle
B) muscle fiber
C) tendon
D) whole muscle
Answer: B

7) Structure C is a(n) ________.

A) fascicle
B) muscle fiber
C) tendon
D) whole muscle
Answer: A

8) Structure A is a(n) ________.

A) fascicle
B) muscle fiber
C) tendon
D) whole muscle
Answer: D

9) What type of membrane wraps a fascicle: 4) _______

A) perimysium
B) aponeuroses
C) tendons
D) epimysium
E) endomysium
Answer: A

10) An elaborate and specialized network of membranes in skeletal

muscle cells that function in calcium storage is the:
A) sarcolemma
B) mitochondria
C) sarcoplasmic reticulum
D) myofibrillar network
E) intermediate filament network
Answer: C

11) A sarcomere is:

A) the area between two intercalated discs
B) the nonfunctional unit of skeletal muscle
C) the wavy lines on the cell, as seen in a microscope
D) the contractile unit between two Z discs
E) a compartment in a myofilament
Answer: D

12) Which of these pathways to regenerate ATP during muscle

activity is the fastest:
A) direct phosphorylation of ADP by creatine phosphate
B) aerobic respiration
C) both aerobic respiration and anaerobic glycolysis
D) oxidative phosphorylation
E) anaerobic glycolysis and lactic acid formation
Answer: E

13) Place these structures of the skeletal muscle in order from

largest to smallest:
1. fascicle
2. myofilament
3. muscle fiber (cell)
4. myofibril
5. sarcomere
A) 1, 3, 4, 5, 2
B) 2, 5, 4, 3, 1
C) 1, 4, 3, 2, 5
D) 3, 1, 2, 4, 5
E) 3, 2, 5, 4, 1
Answer: A

14) Which one of the following functions do calcium ions perform

during skeletal muscle contraction:
A) release the inhibition on Z discs
B) bind to regulatory proteins on the myosin filaments, changing
both their shape and their
position on the thick filaments
C) increase the action potential transmitted along the sarcolemma
D) cause ATP binding to actin
E) expose myosin binding sites on the actin
Answer: E
15) The striations that give skeletal muscle its characteristic striped
appearance are produced, for the most part, by:
A) a difference in the thickness of the sarcolemma
B) the sarcoplasmic reticulum
C) the arrangement of myofilaments
D) the ʺcockedʺ positions of the heads of the thick filaments
E) the T tubules
Answer: C

16) Which one of the following muscle actions would NOT be

classified as an ISOTONIC contraction:
A) tying your shoe
B) throwing a ball
C) lifting a glass of water to your mouth
D) pushing against a stationary wall
E) writing a letter
Answer: D

17) The mechanical force of contraction is generated by:

A) the temporary disappearance of thin filaments
B) shortening of the thin filaments
C) shortening of the thick filaments
D) the ʺaccordian-likeʺ folding of thin and thick filaments
E) a sliding of thin filaments past thick ones
Answer: E
18) A skeletal muscle twitch differs from a tetanic contraction in
that:
A) the muscle twitch is a brief and ʺjerkyʺ movement, while the
tetanic contraction is prolonged and continuous
B) the tetanic contraction is considered abnormal, while the twitch
is a normal muscle response
C) the tetanic contraction is caused by a single stimulus, while the
twitch is caused by very rapid multiple stimuli
D) the muscle twitch is prolonged and continuous while a tetanic
contraction is brief and ʺjerkyʺ
E) the muscle twitch occurs only in small muscles while a tetanic
contraction occurs in large muscle groups
Answer: A

19) Which of these events must occur first to trigger the skeletal
muscle to generate an action potential and contract:
A) acetylcholine (ACh) causes temporary permeability to sodium
B) acetylcholinesterase (AchE) breaks down acetylcholine (ACh)
C) diffusion of potassium ions out of the cell
D) sodium ions rush into the cell
E) operation of the sodium-potassium pump
Answer: A

20) Creatine phosphate (CP) functions within the muscle cells by:
A) forming a chemical compound with actin
B) storing energy that will be transferred to ATP to resynthesize
ADP as needed
C) inducing a conformational change in the myofilaments
D) storing energy that will be transferred to ADP to resynthesize
ATP as needed
E) forming a temporary chemical compound with myosin
Answer: D

21) The condition of skeletal muscle fatigue can be best explained

by:
A) a total lack of ATP
B) the inability to generate sufficient quantities of ATP due to
feedback regulation of synthesis
C) the all-or-none law
D) inadequate numbers of mitochondria
E) insufficient intracellular quantities of ATP due to excessive
consumption
Answer: E

22) Which one of the following is NOT a criteria generally used in

naming muscles:
A) number of origins of the muscle
B) shape of the muscle
C) method of attachment of the muscle to bone
D) relative size of the muscle
E) action of the muscle
Answer: C

23) The major function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal

muscle contraction is to:
A) make and store phosphocreatine
B) provide a source of myosin for the contraction process
C) synthesize actin and myosin myofilaments
D) regulate intracellular calcium concentration
E) store ATP
Answer: D

24) Which muscle naming criteria are used to name the quadriceps
femoris?
A. Muscle action and location
B. The origin and insertion
C. Location and direction of muscle fibres
D. Location and number of origins
Answer: D

25) During muscle cell contraction, what happens because of Ca++

binding to troponin?
A. The binding site on actin is uncovered.
B. Acetylcholine (ACh) is released.
C. The cross-bridge disengages from the thin filament.
D. ATP hydrolyses to ADP
Answer: A

26) Smooth muscle cells may be described by which of the

following?
A. Striated, voluntary, multinucleate
B. Not striated, voluntary, multinucleate
C. Striated, involuntary, uninucleate
D. Not striated, involuntary, uninucleate
Answer: D
27) Which statement below best describes the role of Ca++ in
muscle contraction?
A. Ca++ binds to troponin, thereby changing its shape to expose the
binding site.
B. Ca++ causes ADP and inorganic phosphate to detach from the
myosin cross-bridge.
C. Ca++ attaches to the myosin head, causing it to disengage from
its binding site.
D. Ca++ crosses the sarcolemma from the axon terminal which
allows the action potential to propagate along the sarcolemma.
Answer: A

28) What is the source of the majority of the energy needed by

muscles for physical activity that continues for longer than 30 or 40
min?
A. ATP stored in muscle fibres
B. Glycolysis of glucose in the cell cytoplasm
C. ATP produced from creatine phosphate stored in muscle fibres
D. Aerobic respiration of pyruvic acid in mitochondria
Answer: D

29) Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of skeletal

muscle?
A. Excitability
B. Autonomic innervation
C. Contractility
D. Extensibility
Answer: B

30) What structures attach a muscle to a bone?

A. A tendon
B. A fasciculus
C. A sarcomere
D. An internal intercostal
Answer: A

31) Which muscles extend the leg?

A. Quadriceps
B. Hamstrings
C. Gluteus muscles
D. Soleus, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior
Answer: A

32) Which muscles extend the leg?

A. Quadriceps
B. Hamstrings
C. Gluteus muscles
D. Soleus, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior
Answer: D

33) Which one of the following is not made of skeletal muscle?

A. The diaphragm
B. Pyloric sphincter
C. Vastus lateralis
D. The tongue
Answer: B
34) What does the term “origin” refer to in the musculoskeletal
system?
A. The point of attachment of a muscle to the “moveable” bone
B. The line that separates the shaft from the end of a long bone
C. The point of attachment of a muscle to the “stationary” bone
D. The end of a long bone
Answer: C

35) The neurotransmitter that causes an action potential to occur in

a muscle cell membrane is called:
A. Inorganic phosphate (HPO42−)
B. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
C. Calcium (Ca++)
D. Acetylcholine (ACh)
Answer: D

36) Which statement about thick or thin myofilaments is CORRECT?

A. Thick myofilaments contain the three proteins myosin,
tropomyosin and troponin.
B. Thin myofilaments contain the three proteins actin, tropomyosin
and troponin.
C. Thick myofilaments contain about 300 myosin molecules, each of
which has a binding site for a cross-bridge.
D. Thin myofilaments contain about 300 myosin molecules, each of
which has a cross-bridge.
Answer: B

37) The space between the ribs is filled with:

A. Intercostal muscle
B. Costal cartilage
C. Intercostal space
D. Pleura
Answer: A

38) Which list is in the correct order of DECREASING size?

A. Muscle fibre, sarcomere, myofilament, myofibril
B. Muscle, fasciculus, muscle fibre, myofibril
C. Sarcomere, fasciculus, myofibril, myofilament
D. Muscle, muscle fibre, myosin, myofibril
Answer: B

39) Which of these events is necessary for the contraction of a

muscle cell?
A. The shortening of myosin molecules
B. The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and HPO42− in the myosin cross-
bridge
C. Ca2+ binding to tropomyosin causing it to change shape
D. The movement of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasm into the sarcoplasmic
reticulum
Answer: B

40) Which of the following groupings of muscle type and their

characteristics is INCORRECT?
A. Skeletal, striated, voluntary
B. Smooth, visceral, involuntary
C. Cardiac, striated, voluntary
D. Skeletal, striated, syncytium
Answer: C
41) The energy for muscle contraction is derived from the
mechanisms below EXCEPT for one. Which one is NOT a method of
producing ATP?
A. Anaerobic glycolysis
B. Aerobic respiration
C. Direct phosphorylation of ADP by creatinine phosphate
D. Anaerobic digestion of lactic acid
Answer: D

42) Patients confined to bed and those with plaster casts

immobilising a bone fracture suffer muscle wasting. What is the
term used for this condition?
A. Disuse atrophy
B. Denervation atrophy
C. Muscle dystrophy
D. Muscle hypertrophy
Answer: A

42) What is the source of the ATP used by muscles for vigorous
activity that may last for 10–15 s?
A. Glycolysis of glucose in the cell cytoplasm forms ATP.
B. The ATP that is stored in muscle cells as ATP.
C. Aerobic respiration in the mitochondria produces the ATP.
D. Creatinine phosphate in muscle and ADP reacts to form the
required ATP
Answer: D

43) Which muscle and bone listed below do NOT work together in
combination?
A. Humerus and biceps femoris
B. Quadriceps and tibia
C. Femur and gluteal muscles
D. Radius and biceps brachii
Answer: A

44) What does aerobic respiration refer to?

A. Glycolysis in the cytoplasm in the absence of oxygen
B. Oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria in the presence of
oxygen
C. Glycolysis in the liver in the presence of oxygen
D. Gluconeogenesis in the liver in the absence of oxygen
Answer: B

45) Which is the correct equation for anaerobic respiration in

humans?
A. Glucose + lactic acid → carbon dioxide + water
B. Glucose → lactic acid + carbon dioxide
C. Glucose → lactic acid +(little energy)
D. Glucose→ lactic acid
Answer: C

46) Which is the correct equation for aerobic respiration in humans?

A. Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
B. Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide
C. Glucose → carbon dioxide + water + energy
D. Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water +energy
Answer: D
47) Which pair of terms below refers to a contraction and
relaxation?
A. Flexor and extensor
B. Origin and insertion
C. Brachialis and radialis
D. Agonist and antagonist
Answer: D

48) Which one of the following statements correctly describes

activities of muscles?
A) All muscles produce movement.
B) All muscles shorten when they contract.
C) All muscles are under conscious control.
D) All muscles are attached to bones.
E) All muscles are synergistic.
Answer: B

49) Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding the

structure of a muscle?
A) The outer surface of a muscle is enclosed by many layers of
epidermis.
B) All muscle cells in a muscle have the same origin and insertion.
C) Fascicles of a muscle are surrounded by a thin sheath of hyaline
cartilage.
D) Connective tissues associated with the muscle converge to form a
ligament at each end of the muscle.
E) Each fascicle consists of two muscle cells.
Answer: B
50) Skeletal muscle groups that work together to create the same
movement are referred to as
A) involuntary
B) antagonistic
C) synergistic
D) sarcomeres
E) myofibrils
Answer: C

51) Plantar fasciitis is an inflammation of the fascia within the sole

of the foot, resulting in foot and heel pain. What is a fascia?
A) a bundle of muscle cells that are enclosed in a connective tissue
sheath
B) a bundle of protein filaments (thick and thin) located within
muscle cells
C) the fibrous connective tissue sheath that surrounds the fascicles
of the muscle
D) a connective tissue structure that attaches one muscle to another
muscle
E) the area where the actin and myosin filaments overlap within a
muscle cell
Answer: C

52) Intercalated discs

A) are characteristic of smooth muscle cells
B) contain gap junctions that allow the signal to spread quickly
through cardiac muscle cells
C) support fast-twitch fibers of skeletal muscle
D) stimulate pacemaker cells in cardiac muscle
E) stimulate the contraction of skeletal muscle
Answer: B

53) In comparing all three major muscle types, which one of the
following statements best describes the differences between them?
A) Cardiac muscle can be stimulated only by nerves, whereas
smooth and skeletal muscle contract spontaneously.
B) Smooth and skeletal muscles appear striated, due to the
arrangement of muscle filaments, whereas cardiac muscles lack
these filaments.
C) Only cardiac muscle is under voluntary control.
D) Smooth and cardiac muscle do not fatigue, whereas skeletal does
fatigue.
E) Gap junctions are present in skeletal muscles, but not in other
types of muscle.
Answer: D

54) Which one of the following is characteristic of cardiac and

smooth muscle, but not skeletal muscle?
A) voluntary contraction
B) striated appearance
C) presence of gap junctions
D) presence of actin and myosin in muscle cells
E) contraction is initiated by motor neurons
Answer: C

55) In comparing smooth and cardiac muscle, which one of the

following best describes the differences between the two muscle
types?
A) Smooth muscle is voluntary, whereas cardiac is involuntary.
B) Both lack muscle filaments, but cardiac muscle has sarcomeres.
C) Cardiac muscle requires periods of relaxation, whereas smooth
muscle is always in a state of partial contraction.
D) Cardiac muscle filaments are arranged in bundles, whereas
smooth muscles lack filament bundles.
E) Cardiac muscle contracts slowly compared to smooth muscle.
Answer: C

56) All of the following occur during the latent period of muscle
contraction EXCEPT which one?
A) Myofibrils shorten.
B) Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
C) Muscle cell membrane initiates an electrical impulse, which
travels into the muscle cell.
D) Myosin heads bind to actin filaments.
E) Troponin-tropomyosin complex shifts, exposing myosin heads.
Answer: A

57) In which one of the following would one expect to find motor
units made up of only a few muscle cells?
A) arm muscles
B) eye muscles
C) chest muscles
D) thigh muscles
E) lower-leg muscles
Answer: B

58) A myogram is a recording of

A) the electrical activity of muscle cells
B) the electrical activity of nerves at neuromuscular junctions
C) the activity of muscle cells
D) blood pressure changes resulting from muscle contraction
E) the movement of myosin filaments
Answer: C

59) Which one of the following is an example of an isometric

contraction?
A) person lifting books from the floor
B) tightening of abdominal muscles while sitting
C) kicking a soccer ball
D) swinging a golf club
E) doing abdominal "crunches" (sit-ups)
Answer: B

60) T, or transverse, tubes in skeletal muscle function to

A) transport calcium ions throughout muscle cells
B) allow actin and myosin filaments to slide over each other
C) promote the rapid penetration of the electrical impulse deep into
the cell
D) help decrease the amount of ATP produced
E) convert glucose to lactic acid, which helps muscles relax
Answer: C

61) During a marathon, runners use up ATP and glucose early in the
race. Which energy source is generally used next for producing more
ATP?
A) glycogen
B) starch
C) cellulose
D) steroids
E) phospholipids
Answer: A

62) As part of your fitness training, you do biceps curls lifting two
10-lb weights. The muscle contractions enabling these movements
are
A) isometric contractions
B) tetanic contractions
C) isotonic contractions
D) tendon-mediated contractions
E) ligament-mediated contractions
Answer: C

63) Muscle cells produce lactic acid when they have an inadequate
supply of
A) protein
B) O2
C) calcium
D) actin and myosin
E) glycogen
Answer: B

64) An individual with the condition of myasthenia gravis is faced

with an autoimmune disorder in which the body defenses attack
acetylcholine receptors on muscle cells. What would be the expected
effect on calcium levels near contractile proteins, following the
arrival of an electrical impulse at those neuromuscular junctions?
A) a rapid decrease in concentration due to uptake by sarcoplasmic
reticulum
B) a rapid increase in concentration due to release by sarcoplasmic
reticulum
C) small or no increases in concentration due to weak responses by
acetylcholine receptors
D) a large decrease in concentration that occurs slowly
E) a large increase in concentration that occurs slowly
Answer: C

65) When an electrical impulse traveling along a motor neuron

arrives at a neuromuscular junction
A) there is an increase in the secretion of acetylcholine at the
neuromuscular junction
B) calcium is transported back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum
C) sliding of actin and myosin filaments is inhibited
D) myosin-actin cross-bridges are destroyed
E) a new electrical impulse is generated that returns the message to
the original nerve
Answer: A

66) All of the following are necessary for contraction to occur

EXCEPT which one?
A) Calcium levels must increase in close proximity to the contractile
proteins.
B) ATP must be present.
C) Troponin-tropomyosin complex must shift out of the way.
D) Cross-bridges must form between actin and myosin.
E) The troponin and tropomysin must slide relative to each other,
shortening the sarcomere.
Answer: E
67) The following events are associated with muscle contraction.
Which one of the following best describes the order in which these
events occur, following the initiation of a contraction by a nerve
impulse?
1. T tubules transmit electrical impulses throughout the muscle cell.
2. Myosin contacts actin and pulls it toward the center of the
sarcomere.
3. Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the muscle.
4. Troponin-tropomyosin complex shifts to expose myosin binding
sites.
5. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
A) 3, 1, 5, 4, 2
B) 1, 3, 5, 2, 4
C) 3, 5, 1, 2, 4
D) 4, 2, 1, 3, 5
E) 3, 5, 1, 4, 2
Answer: A

68) Which sequence lists the structures from largest, most inclusive,
to smallest?
A) muscle-thick filament-fascicle-muscle fiber-myofibril
B) muscle-fascicle-muscle fiber-myofibril-thick filament
C) fascicle-muscle-myofibril-muscle fiber-thick filament
D) muscle fiber-myofibril-muscle-fascicle-thick filament
E) thick filament-fascicle-myofibril-muscle-muscle fiber
Answer: B

69) Which of the following correctly describes smooth muscle?

(A) Smooth muscle tissue is localized only along the digestive
system.
(B) Smooth muscle cells are striated and under involuntary control.
(C) Smooth muscle tissues are best associated with bony structures.
(D) Smooth muscle tissues provide for long-term slow contractions.
(E) Smooth muscle contractions are under voluntary control.
Answer: D

70) The best concept related to a sarcomere is that it

(A) is the place where a bone attaches to muscle tissue.
(B) is another name for a muscle cell.
(C) contains the postsynaptic receptors of a muscle.
(D) stores calcium needed for muscle contraction.
(E) is the contractile unit of the myofibril.
Answer: E

71) Which of the following is used to power muscle cells

immediately after the initial supply of ATP is exhausted?
(A) Glucose
(B) Creatine phosphate
(C) Fatty acids
(D) Glycogen
(E) Protein
Answer: B

72) The muscles best associated with peristalsis of the digestive

system are controlled by
(A) the parasympathetic nervous system.
(B) the cerebrum.
(C) the sympathetic nervous system.
(D) both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems.
(E) the cerebrum and the cerebellum.
Answer: D

73) A person with McArdle’s disease has a deficiency in glycogen

storage. How would this disease manifest itself?
(A) Rapid onset of fatigue during exercise
(B) Adult-onset type II diabetes
(C) Muscle atrophy because of inability to contract
(D) Very short stature and increased bone density
(E) Rapid cartilage degeneration and early-onset arthritis
Answer: A

74) What actually happens following a period of oxygen debt?

(A) Oxygen levels in the blood rebound to above preexercise levels.
(B) Conversion of lactic acid to glucose.
(C) ATP conversion of creatine phosphate.
(D) Oxygen levels in the muscles rebound to above preexercise
levels.
(E) Creatine phosphate levels rebound to above preexercise levels.
Answer: B

75) In what way, if any, is the endocrine system involved in oxygen

delivery to muscles?
(A) The kidneys produce erythropoietin.
(B) The heart produces atrial natriuretic peptide.
(C) Cholecystokinin is produced within the digestive system.
(D) Lack of oxygen triggers the release of prostaglandins.
(E) The endocrine system is not involved.
Answer: A

76) Which of the following is NOT descriptive of red muscle?

(A) Rich in mitochondria
(B) High capillary density
(C) Rich in myoglobin
(D) Fast twitch
(E) Best for sustained exertion
Answer: D

77) A 12-year-old boy presents with a 4-month history of diminished

vision and diplopia. He also experiences tiredness toward the end of
the day. There are no other symptoms. On examination, the patient
has ptosis of the left eye that improves after a period of sleep.
Clinical examination is otherwise normal. There is no evidence of
weakness of any other muscles. Additional testing indicates the
presence of antiacetylcholine antibodies in the plasma, a normal
thyroid function test, and a normal CT scan of the brain and orbit.
What is the initial diagnosis?
A) Astrocytoma
B) Graves disease
C) Hashimoto thyroiditis
D) Juvenile myasthenia gravis
E) Multiple sclerosis
Answer: D
78) Division of joints allowing ample movement between 2 or more
specific heads of bones are grouped as

(a) diarthrosis
(b) tendons and tibia
(c) synarthroses
(d) ligaments and femur
Answer: (a)
79) Ligaments restrict this action
(a) cartilage junction
(b) hyper extension
(c) hyper flexion
(d) both (b) and (c)
Answer: (d)
80) In muscle contraction, this ion is essential
(a) Cl
(b) Ca
(c) K
(d) Na
Answer: (b)
81) This is an example of stretch reflex stimulated by passive muscle
movement
(a) patellar reflex
(b) tendon reflex
(c) flexor reflex
(d) ipsilateral reflex
Answer: (a)
82) This is a major energy source in a hurdle race to the leg muscles
(a) glycolysis
(b) lactate and pyruvate
(c) performed ATP
(d) oxidative metabolism
Answer: (d)
83) This event occurs during muscular contraction
I. H-zone disappears
II. A band widens
III. I band shortens
IV. Width of A band is unaffected
V. M line and Z line get closer
(a) I, II and III
(b) I, III, IV and V
(c) II, IV and V
(d) I, II and V
Answer: (b)
84) Muscles utilized for controlling the flow of all substances within
lumen are grouped as
(a) hormonal system
(b) skeletal system
(c) cardiac muscles
(d) smooth muscles
Answer: (d)
85) Division of joints fibrous in nature permitting no movement is
(a) tendons and tibia
(b) ligaments and femur
(c) diarthrosis
(d) synarthroses
Answer: (d)
86) A small band of dense, white and fibrous elastic tissue is
grouped as
(a) ligament
(b) muscle junction
(c) muscle filament
(d) muscle cartilage
Answer: (a)
87) In the striated muscles, the functional unit of contractile system
is
(a) Z band
(b) cross bridges
(c) sarcomere
(d) myofibril
Answer: (c)
The muscular system is an organ system that is primarily involved in
body movement. Nearly 700 muscles are related to the skeletal
system’s bones, which account for almost half of a person’s body
weight. Blood veins, skeletal muscle tissue, tendons and
nerves make up each muscle, making it a unique organ. Blood
vessels, the heart, and digestive system all contain muscle tissues.
Muscle tissues are divided into three categories which are Cardiac,
Smooth, and Skeletal.
88). Smooth muscle is responsible for
a) Voluntary movements of body.
b) Carries out most of the involuntary processes such as digestion
as well as pumping the blood through arteries.
c) Control of all the involuntary movements
d) None of the above
Answer. B
89) Skeletal muscle is responsible for
A. Carries out most of the involuntary processes such as digestion
as well as pumping the blood through arteries.
B. Control of most of the involuntary movements
C. Voluntary movements of body.
D. None of the above.
Answer. (C). Body movements like typing, extending the arm,
breathing, writing, and so on are all controlled by the skeletal
muscles. Muscle contraction creates movement by pulling on the
tendons on the bones.
90) How many muscles are there in the body of human?
A. 340
B. 560
C. 640
D. 860
Answer. C
91) Tendons connect bone and
A. Bone
B. Ligaments
C. Muscle
D. Cartilage
Answer. C
92) Which of the following is connected by the ligaments?
A. Cartilage to the bone
B. Muscle to the bone
C. Bone to the Bone
D. Tendons to the muscles
Answer. C
93) Elastic bundles of tissue which perform various functions is
termed as
A. Tendons
B. Ligaments
C. Joints
D. Muscle
Answer. D
94). Respiration in the absence of the oxygen is
1. Anaerobic
2. Aerobic
3. Mastication
4. None of the above
Answer. Anaerobic is the correct answer.
EXPLAINATION: Glucose is broken down without oxygen in
anaerobic respiration.
Energy is transferred from glucose to the cell through a chemical
process.
Lactic acid is produced instead of water and carbon dioxide during
anaerobic respiration. As a result, anaerobic respiration is defined as
respiration carried out in the absence of oxygen.
95). Liquid produced during the contraction of muscle due to
anaerobic breakdown is
A. Glucose
B. Oxygen
C. Lactic Acid
D. Sugar
Answer. Lactic Acid is the right answer. Lactic acid is produced
during the contraction of muscle due to the anaerobic breakdown.
Lactate is formed in this process.
96). The Muscular muscle is a/an
A. Large system
B. Organ system
C. Unique system
D. Small system
Answer. B . The muscular system is an organ system that is primarily
involved in body movement. The muscular system’s most visible
function is the movement.
97). Muscular System makes nearly what percent of the weight of
the human body?
A. 20%
B. 40%
C. 70%
D. 50%
Answer: D
98) Which is most likely to extend the entire length of a muscle
fiber?
a) Sarcomere
b) Myofibril
c) Myosin filament
d) M-line
answer: b

99) Which of the following is true about muscle structure?

a) Myofibrils make up about 15% of the contents of a muscle fibre.
b) Even the largest (thickest) muscle fibres would contain only
about 100 myofibrils.
c) Actin filaments are arranged so that 6 actin filaments surround
each myosin filament.
d) Myosin filaments are about twice as thick as actin filaments.
Correct answer: c

100) The ends of the actin filaments are anchored (attached) to the:

a) M-line
b) Z-line
c) Perimysium
d) Sarcoplasmic reticulum

answer: B

101)When a muscle fibre shortens, the following also shortens:

a) Sarcomere
b) Actin filament
c) Myosin filament
d) Z-line
answer: A

102)In regard to the cross-bridge (CB) power stroke, it is true that:

a) In concentric contractions, the CB power stroke pulls the actin

filament toward the center of the sarcomere, causing sarcomere
shortening.

b) In eccentric contractions, the CB power stroke pushes the actin

filament away from the centre of the sarcomere, causing sarcomere
lengthening.

c) In isometric contractions, the CB power stroke pulls the actin

filament straight down, preventing shortening or lengthening.

d) All of the above are true.

answer: A
103) During one cross-bridge (CB) cycle:

a) The CB binds to troponin.

b) ATP binds to the actin binding site.

c) One molecule of ATP is used.

d) The CB performs two power-strokes.

answer: C

104) In excitation-contraction coupling:

a) The muscle action potential propagates along the sarcolemma and

down the transverse tubules.

b) Ca2+ released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum binds to

tropomyosin.

c) Troponin blocks binding of myosin heads to actin filaments.

d) Relaxation occurs when Ca2+ is excreted from the muscle fibre.

answer: A

105) The sarcoplasmic reticulum does not:

a) Surround each myofibril.

b) Release Ca2+ in response to a muscle action potential.

c) Has a Ca2+ "pump" in its membrane.

d) Make up about 85% of the contents of a muscle fibre.

answer: D
106) The force of a tetanic contraction is greater than that of a
twitch contraction because:

a) More acetylcholine is released at the neuromuscular junction per

nerve impulse.

b) More Ca2+ is released in a tetanic contraction.

c) The muscle action potentials travel faster along the transverse

tubules.

d) The muscle action potentials are smaller during a tetanic

contraction.
answer: B

107) Due to shape of the force-frequency relationship, one would

expect to see the greatest change in force between frequencies of:
a) 5 to 10 Hz (stimuli per second).

b) 45 to 50 Hz

c) 65 to 70 Hz
d) 80 to 85 Hz
answer: A

108) Eccentric contractions are stronger than isometric and

concentric contractions partly because, in eccentric contractions:
a) More muscle fibers within a muscle are activated.
b) Within each muscle fiber, more cross-bridges are attached to
actin at a given time.
c) Muscle fibers are conducting muscle action potentials at a higher
frequency.

d) More ATP is used in each cross-bridge cycle.

answer: B
109) Concentric contractions are weaker than isometric and
eccentric contractions partly because, in concentric contractions:
a) There is a smaller number of cross-bridges bound to actin at any
time.
b) There may a small decrease in the force per cross-bridge.
c) Some attached cross-bridges may exert a "drag" effect on the
actin filament.
d) All of the above.
answer: D
110) Athletes A and B were tested for the load-velocity relationship.
A and B were found to have the same isometric maximum (ISOmax),
but A's Vmax was 50% greater than B's. The largest difference
between A and B would be in:
a) 1 RM
b) Velocity attained with a load equal to 90% ISOmax
c) Velocity attained with a load equal to 50% ISOmax
d) Velocity attained with a load equal to 10% ISOmax
answer: D
111) The greatest peak force would be developed during which of
the following maximal contractions?
a) Fast concentric
b) Fast eccentric
c) Slow concentric
d) Slow eccentric
answer: B

112) As shortening velocity increases, concentric force decreases

because:
a) There is a progressive decrease in the number of attached cross-
bridges.
b) Cross-bridge cycles become slower.
c) Muscle action potentials propagate more slowly.
d) All of the above.
answer: A

113) As lengthening velocity increases, eccentric force increases

because:
a) Cross-bridge cycles become slower.
b) There is a greater number of attached cross-bridges at a given
point in time.
c) More ATP is used.
d) All of the above.
answer: B
114) Which if the following is not a mechanism of stretch-shortening
cycle (SSC) potentiation?
a) High initial force level at the end of the eccentric phase
b) Enlargement of muscle action potentials during the concentric
phase
c) Storage of elastic energy during the eccentric phase
d) Take-up of the SEC during the eccentric phase
answer: B

115) ECC-ISO force enhancement (FE), also called stretch-induced

residual force enhancement of isometric force, has been observed in:
a) Myofibrils
b) Muscle fibres
c) Whole muscles
d) All of the above
answer: D
116) A greater magnitude of ECC-ISO FE is produced when:
a) There is a larger increase in muscle length during the ECC phase.
b) The speed of the ECC phase increases
c) There is a brief relaxation between the ECC and ISO phases.
d) All of the above.
answer: A

117) An athlete lifts a weight and then holds it stationary; this

should result in:
a) SSC potentiation.
b) CON-ISO force depression.
c) ISO-CON potentiation.
d) ECC-ISO force enhancement.
answer: B
118) CON-ISO force depression (FD):
a) Is proportional to the amount of work (force displacement) done
during the CON.
b) Is unaffected by the speed of the CON phase.
c) Is most pronounced at lengths shorter than optimal length.
d) All of the above.
answer: A
119) In regard to the force-length relationship, it is true that:
a) Total force is equal to the sum of active and passive force.
b) Beyond resting length, passive force increases from short to long
muscle lengths.
c) The muscle length at which maximal active force occurs is called
optimal length.
d) All of the above are true.
answer: D
120) The decrease in active force that occurs at lengths longer than
the optimal length is caused by:
a) Overlap of actin filaments with each other.
b) Neural inhibition.
c) Insufficient Ca2+ release.
d) Insufficient overlap of actin and myosin filaments.
answer: D

121) A strength curve (SC) differs from the active force-length

relationship (FLR) in that:
a) A SC is unaffected by changes in sarcomere length.
b) A SC may be affected by changes in muscle moment arm, whereas
a FLR is not affected by changes in muscle moment arm.
c) A SC can only be produced with isometric contractions, whereas a
FLR can be produced with all contraction types (isometric,
concentric, eccentric).
d) All of the above are true.
answer: B

122) The shape of a strength curve could be altered by:

a) Training
b) Fatigue
c) Injury
d) All of the above
answer: D
123) Anaerobic metabolism is not as efficient in producing energy as
is aerobic metabolism. and the process also produces acidic waste
products. This combination of less energy and the waste products
contributes to fatigue.
• False
• True
Answer : false

124) The powerful extensors of the knee are the:

a) lliopsoas
b) Quadriceps
c) Tensor fasciae latae
d) Hamstrings
Answer: B

125) Skeletal muscle tissue moves the body by pulling on bones of

the skeleton, making it possible for us to walk. dance, or play a
musical instrument.
• False
• True
Answer: true
126) Fast or white fibers are large in diameter: they contain densely
packed myofibrils, large glycogen reserves and relatively few
mitochondria.
• False
• True

Answer : true

127) Each skeletal muscle fiber is controlled by a motor neuron

whose cell body is located inside the central nervous system.
• False
• True
Answer : true

128) The iliac crest is the origin of the:

lliacostalis cervices
a) Splenius
b) Quadrates labarum
c) Longissimus cervicis
Answer : C
129) A single momentary muscle contraction is called muscle tone
and is the response to a single stimulus.
• False
• True
Answer : false
130) If you bruised your gluteus maximums muscle, you would
expect to experience discomfort when performing:
a) Flexion at the knee
b) Abduction at the hip
c) Extension of the hip
d) Raising of the arm
Answer : C
131) Which of the following is NOT a muscle of the rotator cuff?
a) Subscapularis
b) Terse minor
c) Subclavius
d) Supraspinatus
Answer : c

132) The perimysium surrounds each skeletal muscle fiber, binds

each muscle fiber to its neighbor, and support capillaries that supply
individual fibers.
• True
• False
Answer : false
133) Inflammation of the connective tissue surrounding a tendon is
called:
a) Strains
b) Muscle cramps
c) Tendinitis
d) Sprains
e) Bursitis
Answer : c
134) The bundle of collagen fibers at the end of the skeletal muscle
that attaches the muscle to bone is call a(n):
a) Epimysiurn
b) Tendon
c) Ligament
d) Fascicle
Answer: B
135) Active sites on the actin become available for binding when:
a) Actins binds to troponin
b) Calcium binds to troponin
c) Calcium binds to tropomyosin
d) Troponin binds to tropomyosin
Answer: B

136) Which of the following muscles plays NO role in swallowing?

a) Pterygoids
b) Superior constrictor
c) Stylopharyngeus
d) Palatopharyngeus
Answer : A
137) Prolonged, involuntary, painful muscular contractions are
known as:
a) Bursitis
b) Sprains
c) Tendinitis
d) Strains
e) Muscle cramps
Answer: E

138) With aging, skeletal muscles become larger in diameter and

more elastic.
• False
• True
Answer : false
139). There is strong evidence to show that exercise prolongs life
expectancy.
• True
• False
Answer : false
140) The muscular systems of the human body consists of more than
700 skeletal muscles and includes all of the skeletal muscles that
can be controlled voluntarily.
• True
• False
Answer : true
141) The ability to recover from injuries in older individuals
decreases because:
a) Blood flow to the muscles increases
b) The amount of fibrous tissue in the muscle increases
c) Satellite cells become smaller in size
d) The number of satellite cells decreases with age
Answer: D
142). Hypertrophy is the result of muscle exercise that develops a
larger number of mitochondria. a higher concentration of glycol tic
enzymes and larger glycogen reserves.
• True
• False
Answer : true
143) With increasing age. skeletal muscle fibers become larger in
diameter.
• False
• True
Answer : false
144). All of the following are true of the muscles of the pelvic floor
EXCEPT:
a) They ‘Tine-tune’ the movements of the thigh
b) They extend between the sacrum and the pelvic girdle
c) They form the perineum
d) They encircle the openings in the pelvic outlet
Answer : A
145). A progressive paralysis due to the destruction of CNS motor
neurons by a virus is:
a) Fibrosis
b) Myasthenia gravis
c) Polio
d) Muscular dystrophy
e) Rigor mortis
Answer : C
146). In which of the following would the ratio of motor neurons to
muscle fibers be the greatest?
a) Large muscles of the arms
b) Postural muscles of the back
c) Muscles that control the eye
d) Leg muscles
Answer : C
147). Skeletal muscles containing fast muscle fibers have a more
extensive network of capillaries than do slow muscle fibers.
• False
• True
Answer : false
148). The axial muscles of the spine control the position of the:
a) Head, neck and pectoral girdle
b) Vertebral column and pectoral and pelvic girdles
c) Head, neck and vertebral column
d) Vertebral column only
Answer : A
149). Which of the following muscles compresses the abdomen?
a) Diaphragm
b) External oblique
c) Rectus
d) Internal intercostals
Answer : B

150) Which of these is an autoimmune disorder?

a) Arthritis
b) Osteoporosis
c) Gout
d) Myasthenia gravis

Answer: d
Clarification: Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder which
affects neuromuscular junctions. It leads to various degrees of
weakness in skeletal muscles. The onset of myasthenia gravis can be
sudden.
151) Which of these is disorder of the muscular system?
a) Crohn’s Disease
b) Celiac Disease
c) Myasthenia gravis
d) Gastroenteritis

Answer: c
Clarification: Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder of the
muscular system which affects neuromuscular junctions. Crohn’s
Disease, Celiac Disease and gastroenteritis are disorders of the
digestive system.
152) Which of these disorders affect the neuromuscular junction?
a) Arthritis
b) Osteoporosis
c) Myasthenia gravis
d) Gout

Answer: c
Clarification: Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder which
affects neuromuscular junctions. It leads to various degrees of
weakness in skeletal muscles. The onset of myasthenia gravis can be
sudden.
153) Which of these is not a symptom of myasthenia gravis?
a) Rapid spasms
b) Fatigue
c) Muscle weakness
d) Paralysis of skeletal muscles

Answer: a
Clarification: Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder which
affects neuromuscular junctions. It leads to fatigue, muscle
weakness and paralysis of skeletal muscles. Rapid spasms are a
result of tetany.
154) Which of these statements is false regarding myasthenia
gravis?
a) It affects neuromuscular junctions
b) It is a genetic disease
c) It results in fatigue
d) It leads to paralysis of skeletal muscles

Answer: b
Clarification: Myasthenia gravis is not a genetic disease. Rather, it is
an autoimmune disorder which affects neuromuscular junctions. It
leads to fatigue, muscle weakness and paralysis of skeletal muscles.

155) Which of these is a genetic disorder?

a) Gout
b) Myasthenia gravis
c) Muscular dystrophy
d) Tetany
Answer: c

Clarification: Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder of the

muscular system. It leads to the progressive degeneration of
skeletal muscles and loss of muscle mass. The life span of patients is
often shortened.
156) Which of these disorders lead to degeneration of skeletal
muscles?
a) Muscular dystrophy
b) Gout
c) Tetany
d) Osteoporosis

Answer: a
Clarification: Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder of the
muscular system. It leads to the progressive degeneration of
skeletal muscles and loss of muscle mass. The life span of patients is
often shortened.
157) Which of these disorders lead to rapid spasms?
a) Gout
b) Myasthenia gravis
c) Muscular dystrophy
d) Tetany

Answer: d
Clarification: Tetany is a disorder of the muscular system
characterized by rapid spasms or wild contractions. It occurs due to
low concentrations of calcium ions in body fluids. Calcium ions play
an important role in muscle contraction.

158) Which of these disorders is caused due to low concentrations of

calcium ions?
a) Muscular dystrophy
b) Gout
c) Tetany
d) Osteoporosis

Answer: c
Clarification: Muscular dystrophy, gout, tetany and osteoporosis are
disorders of the muscular system and the skeletal system. Out of
these, tetany is caused due to low concentrations of calcium ions.
159) Decreased levels of oestrogen causes osteoporosis. True or
false?
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Clarification: Osteoporosis is a disorder of the skeletal system. It
leads to a reduction in bone mass and increases the chances of the
patient getting fractures. Reduced oestrogen level is a common
cause.
160). What is the effect of arthritis?
a) Paralysis
b) Rapid spasms
c) Reduced bone mass
d) Inflammation of joints

Answer: d
Clarification: Arthritis is a disorder of the muscular system and the
skeletal system. It leads to the inflammation of joints. This results in
pain, swelling, reduced range of motion, muscle weakness and
stiffness.
161). Which of these is an age-related disorder?
a) Tetany
b) Gout
c) Osteoporosis
d) Muscular dystrophy

Answer: c
Clarification: Osteoporosis is a disorder of the skeletal system. It
leads to a reduction in bone mass and increases the chances of the
patient getting fractures. Reduced oestrogen level is a common
cause.
162). Which disease increases the chance of fractures?
a) Tetany
b) Gout
c) Osteoporosis
d) Crohn’s Disease

Answer: c
Clarification: Osteoporosis leads to a reduction in bone mass and
increases the chances of the patient getting fractures. It is an age-
related skeletal disorder. Crohn’s Disease is a digestive disorder.
163). Which of these disorders lead to the inflammation of joints?
a) Gout
b) Myasthenia gravis
c) Muscular dystrophy
d) Tetany

Answer: a
Clarification: Gout is a disorder of the muscular system and the
skeletal system. It leads to the inflammation of joints due to
crystallization and deposition of uric acid crystals. It is a form of
arthritis.
164). Which disease is characterized by the accumulation of uric acid
crystals in joints?
a) Myasthenia gravis
b) Gout
c) Muscular dystrophy
d) Tetany

Answer: b