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MULTIPLE CHOICE
a. Movement
b. Protection
c. Heat production
d. Posture
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: General Functions
a. sarcolemma.
b. myofibril.
c. sarcoplasm.
d. sarcomere.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Overview of Muscle Cells
3. Bundles of fine fibers that extend lengthwise along muscle fibers are
called:
a. myofibrils.
b. myofilaments.
c. striae.
d. sarcoplasmic reticulum.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Overview of Muscle Cells
a. fiber.
b. myofibril.
c. sarcomere.
d. myofilament.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Overview of Muscle Cells
a. Smooth
b. Skeletal
c. Involuntary
d. Visceral
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Overview of Muscle Cells
a. irritability.
b. contractility.
c. extensibility.
d. elasticity.
ANS: A
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Function of Skeletal Muscle Tissue
a. actin filaments.
b. myofibrils.
c. sarcolemmas.
d. sacs of sarcoplasmic reticulum.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Overview of Muscle Cells
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Overview of Muscle Cells
a. Myosin
b. Actin
c. Tropomyosin
d. Troponin
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Myofilaments
10. The protein molecule that has heads jutting out for cross-bridging is:
a. actin.
b. myosin.
c. troponin.
d. tropomyosin.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Myofilaments
a. A-band.
b. Z-line.
c. I-band.
d. None of the above are correct.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Myofilaments
12. The neurotransmitter(s) secreted at the motor end plates of skeletal mus-
cles is(are):
a. dopamine.
b. norepinephrine.
c. acetylcholine.
d. any of the above.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Excitation of the Sarcolemma
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Relaxation
a. iron.
b. sodium.
c. potassium.
d. calcium.
ANS: D
DIF: Synthesis
REF:
TOP: Relaxation
a. carry oxygen.
b. store calcium.
c. replenish energy supply.
d. rotate the cross-bridges.
ANS: C
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: ATP
a. allows the body to avoid the use of oxygen for a short time.
b. results in the formation of an incompletely catabolized molecule.
c. results in the formation of lactic acid.
d. produces the maximum amount of energy available from each glucose
molecule.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Catabolic Pathways
ANS: A
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Motor Unit
18. A motor unit is most correctly described as a _____ and a motor neuron.
a. sarcomere(s)
b. myofibril(s)
c. muscle fiber(s)
d. filament(s)
ANS: C
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Motor Unit
a. fast
b. slow
c. elongated
d. intermediate
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Types of Muscle Fibers
a. isotonic
b. isometric
c. a combination of isotonic and isometric
d. single twitch
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Isotonic and Isometric Contractions
a. isometrics.
b. hypertrophy.
c. aerobic training.
d. strength training.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Effects of Exercise on Skeletal Muscles
22. During which phase of the twitch contraction is there a triggering of the
release of calcium ions into the sarcoplasm?
a. Latent period
b. Contraction phase
c. Relaxation phase
d. None of the above
ANS: A
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: The Twitch Contraction
ANS: D
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Muscle Fatigue
24. All of the following are true characteristics of an isometric contraction ex-
cept:
ANS: C
DIF: Synthesis
REF:
TOP: Isotonic and Isometric Contractions
25. A contraction in which the tension within the muscle remains the same
but the length changes is called a(n) _____ contraction.
a. tonic
b. isotonic
c. isometric
d. tetanic
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Isotonic and Isometric Contractions
26. Attempting to pick up an object too heavy to lift would result in which
type of muscle contraction?
a. Isotonic
b. Flaccid
c. Treppe
d. Isometric
ANS: D
DIF: Synthesis
REF:
TOP: Isotonic and Isometric Contractions
a. muscle fibers either will contract with all the force possible under existing
conditions or will not contract at all.
b. skeletal muscles contract with the same degree of strength at all times,
but the force generated is graded.
c. muscle size is indirectly proportional to muscle strength.
d. skeletal muscles contract with varying degrees of strength at different
times.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: The Graded Strength Principle
a. tetanic contractions.
b. cramps.
c. convulsions.
d. fibrillations.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Abnormal Muscle Contractions
a. amount of load.
b. initial length of muscle fibers.
c. recruitment of motor units.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: D
DIF: Synthesis
REF:
TOP: The Graded Strength Principle
30. Which of the following types of muscle tissue contains cells that have a
single nucleus?
a. Cardiac
b. Smooth
c. Skeletal
d. Both A and B
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Smooth Muscle
ANS: C
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Smooth Muscle
32. From smallest to largest, which of the following is the correct order of ar-
rangement?
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Overview of Muscle Cells
33. Sarcolemma is a:
a. system of transverse tubules that extend at a right angle to the long axis
of the cell.
b. segment of the myofibril between two successive Z-lines.
c. unique name for the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber.
d. None of the above are correct.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Overview of Muscle Cells
34. Which of the following is not associated with the thin myofilament?
a. Troponin
b. Tropomyosin
c. Actin
d. Myosin
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Myofilaments
a. myosin heads.
b. motor end plates.
c. synapses.
d. motor neurons.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Myofilaments
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Treppe: The Staircase Phenomenon
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Motor Unit
a. hyperplasia.
b. atrophy.
c. hypertrophy.
d. treppe.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Effects of Exercise on Skeletal Muscles
39. The characteristic of the muscle cell that directly causes movement is:
a. excitability.
b. irritability.
c. contractility.
d. extensibility.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Functions of Skeletal Muscle Tissue
a. Z-lines.
b. A-bands.
c. I-bands.
d. H-bands.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Overview of Muscle Cells
41. The striations seen in skeletal muscle cells under the microscope are
what part of the sarcomere?
a. Z-lines
b. A-bands
c. I-bands
d. All of the above
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Overview of Muscle Cells
42. The myofilament that can be described as a globular protein strung to-
gether like beads to form two intertwined strands is:
a. troponin.
b. actin.
c. myosin.
d. tropomyosin.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Myofilaments
43. The myofilament that can be described as bundled golf clubs with their
heads sticking out from the bundle is:
a. troponin.
b. actin.
c. myosin.
d. tropomyosin.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Myofilaments
a. Troponin
b. Actin
c. Myosin
d. Tropomyosin
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Contraction
45. Glucose can be stored in the muscle as:
a. creatine phosphate.
b. ATP.
c. myoglobin.
d. glycogen.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Glucose and Oxygen
46. The substance that attracts oxygen in the myoglobin molecule is:
a. hemoglobin.
b. calcium.
c. iron.
d. ATP.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Glucose and Oxygen
a. lungs.
b. liver.
c. mitochondria.
d. sarcoplasmic reticulum.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Catabolic Pathways
48. Which of the following is not a factor in why a warm muscle contracts
more forcefully than a cool muscle?
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Treppe: The Staircase Phenomenon
a. Eccentric contraction
b. Static tension
c. Concentric contraction
d. Both A and C
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Isotonic and Isometric Contractions
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Overview of Muscle Cells
51. The myofibrils contain about how many sarcomeres?
a. 150,000
b. 15,000
c. 1500
d. 150
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Myofilaments
a. Z-line.
b. T-tubules.
c. sarcoplasmic reticulum.
d. neuromuscular junction.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Mechanism of Contraction
53. Which part of the sarcomere stays almost the same size during contrac-
tion?
a. A-band
b. I-band
c. H-band
d. None of the parts of the sarcomere stay the same size during contraction.
ANS: A
DIF: Synthesis
REF:
TOP: Myofilaments
54. Muscles usually contract to about _____ of their length.
a. 30%
b. 40%
c. 80%
d. 90%
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Contraction
ANS: A
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Contraction, Relaxation
a. An inorganic phosphate
b. Energy that can be used in muscle contraction
c. ADP
d. All of the above are end-products of the breakdown of ATP.
ANS: D
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Energy Sources for Muscle Contraction
57. Which type of muscle does not have T-tubules?
a. Smooth
b. Cardiac
c. Striated
d. All muscles have T-tubules.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Characteristics of Muscle Tissue
a. T-tubules
b. Sarcolemma
c. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
d. Myofilaments
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Overview of Muscle Cells
a. Multiunit smooth
b. Single-unit smooth
c. Cardiac
d. Striated
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Smooth Muscle
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Overview of Muscle Cells
a. T-tubules
b. Motor neuron
c. Motor end plate
d. All of the structures are part of the neuromuscular junction.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Excitation of the Sarcolemma
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Heat Production
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Muscle Tone
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Cardiac Muscle
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Cardiac Muscle
TRUE/FALSE
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Overview of Muscle Cells
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Overview of Muscle Cells
ANS: F
DIF: Synthesis
REF:
TOP: Overview of Muscle Cells
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Overview of Muscle Cells
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Overview of Muscle Cells
6. The following are characteristics that allow muscles to function as they do:
excitability, contractility, extensibility, and regulation.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Functions of Skeletal Muscle Tissue
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Overview of Muscle Cells
8. The protein molecule that has heads jutting out for cross-bridging is called
myosin.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Myofilaments
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Excitation of the Sarcolemma
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Contraction
11. Muscle fibers use creatine phosphate to restore their ATP population.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: ATP
12. ATP is made up of adenine, ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: ATP
13. Hemoglobin carries oxygen in red blood cells, and myoglobin stores oxy-
gen in muscle fibers.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Glucose and Oxygen
14. Anaerobic respiration is the first choice of the muscle cell for the produc-
tion of ATP.
ANS: F
DIF: Synthesis
REF:
TOP: Energy Sources for Muscle Contraction
15. T-tubules are perpendicular to muscle fibers.
ANS: T
DIF: Synthesis
REF:
TOP: Overview of Muscle Cells
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: A More Detailed Look at the Sarcomere
17. At rest, troponin covers the active sites on the actin molecules.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Myofilaments
ANS: F
DIF: Synthesis
REF:
TOP: Excitation of the Sarcolemma
19. Myosin filaments interact with actin filaments during muscle contraction.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Myofilaments
20. When sarcomeres shorten, myofibrils also shorten.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Overview of Muscle Cells
21. For continued, efficient nutrient catabolism by muscle fibers, both glu-
cose and oxygen are required.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Glucose and Oxygen
22. Slow fibers are also called white fibers, because they contain a low
concentration of myoglobin.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Types of Muscle Fibers
23. A motor neuron plus the muscle fibers to which it attaches is called a mo-
tor unit.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Motor Unit
24. The more precise the muscle movement, the greater the number of mus-
cle fibers activated by a motor neuron.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Motor Unit
25. Muscles contract more forcefully after they have contracted a few times.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Treppe: The Staircase Phenomenon
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Treppe: The Staircase Phenomenon
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Muscle Fatigue
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Muscle Tone
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Isotonic and Isometric Contractions
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Graded Strength Principle
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Tetanus
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: The Graded Strength Principle
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Treppe: The Staircase Phenomenon
34. The type of contraction exhibited by normal skeletal muscles most of the
time is called tetanus.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Tetanus
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Myography
36. The graded strength principle states that skeletal muscles contract with
varying degrees of strength at different times.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: The Graded Strength Principle
ANS: T
DIF: Synthesis
REF:
TOP: The Graded Strength Principle
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Effects of Exercise on Skeletal Muscles
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Abnormal Muscle Contractions
40. Cardiac muscle is similar to skeletal muscle in that both form strong,
electrically coupled junctions with other fibers.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Cardiac Muscle
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Abnormal Muscle Contractions
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Characteristics of Muscle Tissue
43. In visceral smooth muscle, gap junctions join individual smooth muscle
fibers into large, continuous sheets.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Smooth Muscle
44. A satellite cell can fuse with myocytes during strength training to make
larger muscle fibers.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Overview of Muscle Cells
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Overview of Muscle Cells
ANS: F
DIF: Synthesis
REF:
TOP: Mechanisms of Disease
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Mechanisms of Disease
48. A motor neuron is considered part of the neuromuscular junction.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Excitation of the Sarcolemma
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Abnormal Muscle Contractions
50. The thin myofilament is myosin, whereas the thick myofilament is actin.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Myofilaments
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Functions of Skeletal Muscle Tissue
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: General Functions
53. Actin, troponin, and tropomyosin are present on the thick myofilament.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Myofilaments
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: A More Detailed Look at the Sarcomere
55. Rigor mortis occurs because of damage done to the sarcolemma after
death.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Rigor Mortis
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Overview of Muscle Cells
57. Oxygen molecules in the sarcoplasm are bound to the troponin molecule.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Glucose and Oxygen
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Glucose and Oxygen
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Isotonic and Isometric Contractions
60. The shorter a muscle before contraction, the more tension it will be able
to generate.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: The Graded Strength Principle
61. Muscles with less tone than normal are described as flaccid.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Muscle Tone
62. The anabolism of protein by muscle cells produces heat for the body.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Functions of Skeletal Muscle Tissue
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Function of Skeletal Muscle Tissue
64. The sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells is identical to the rough endo-
plasmic reticulum in other cells.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Overview of Muscle Cells
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Overview of Muscle Cells
66. The sarcoplasmic reticulum continually pumps calcium ions out of the
sarcoplasm and stores them in sacs.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Overview of Muscle Cells
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Myofilaments
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Myofilaments
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Myofilaments
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Excitation of the Sarcolemma
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Contraction
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Contraction
73. When troponin and calcium combine, it causes actin to shift and allows
the myosin to form cross-bridges.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Contraction
74. Because of the elasticity of the muscle fiber, as soon as the contraction
stops, the sarcomere goes back to its precontraction length.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Relaxation
75. Myosin heads detach from the actin molecule when ATP attaches to it.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: ATP
76. The difference between red and white fibers is the amount of glycogen.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Glucose and Oxygen
77. An accumulation of lactic acid in the muscle is the result of an oxygen
debt.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Catabolic Pathways
78. The release of calcium by the sarcoplasmic reticulum begins the contrac-
tion phase of a twitch contraction.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: The Twitch Contraction
79. Tetanus will not occur in an individual with an up-to-date tetanus vaccina-
tion.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Tetanus
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Muscle Tone
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Muscle Tone
82. Recruitment is the term used to describe the addition of more motor
units to allow a muscle to increase its strength of contraction.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: The Graded Strength Principle
83. The longer the initial length of a muscle, the stronger the contraction of
that muscle can be.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: The Graded Strength Principle
84. Cardiac fibers form a continuous electrically coupled mass called a syn-
cytium.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Cardiac Muscle
85. Because the heart is in almost constant contraction, its muscle cells have
larger sarcoplasmic reticula that can hold higher concentrations of calcium
ions.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Cardiac Muscle
86. Smooth muscle can contract to shorter lengths than skeletal muscles.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Smooth Muscle
87. When smooth muscles have rhythmic contractions called peristalsis, they
are able to move food through the digestive tract.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Smooth Muscle
88. Muscle cells are called fibers, because they are long and thin. They can
be 40 mm long but only about 10 mm in diameter.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Overview of Muscle Cells
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Overview of Muscle Cells
90. The liver has the ability to convert lactic acid back into glucose.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Catabolic Pathways
91. Cardiac muscles require a stimulus from a motor neuron to contract, just
as striated muscles do.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Cardiac Muscle
92. In smooth muscle cells, the calcium needed for contraction comes from
outside the cell rather than from inside the cell as it does in striated muscle
contraction.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Smooth Muscle
93. In smooth muscle cells, the protein calmodulin takes the place of the sar-
coplasmic reticulum found in striated muscle cells.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Smooth Muscle
94. Skeletal muscles produce a major share of the heat generated by the
body.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: General Functions
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Functions of Skeletal Muscle Tissue
96. Muscle fibers have many nuclei, because they are the result of several
precursor cells joining together to make a mature muscle fiber.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Overview of Muscle Cells
97. Only striated and cardiac muscles have triads; smooth muscles do not
contain T-tubules.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Overview of Muscle Cells and Cardiac Muscle
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Myofilaments
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Excitation of the Sarcolemma
100. When the muscle looks “at rest,” the ATP has already transferred its
energy to the actin fiber.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: ATP
101. The aerobic catabolic pathway that can supply energy to muscle cells is
called fermentation.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Catabolic Pathways
102. A muscle using anaerobic respiration would lower the pH of the blood
passing through the muscle.
ANS: T
DIF: Synthesis
REF:
TOP: Catabolic Pathways
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Isotonic and Isometric Contractions
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Isotonic and Isometric Contractions
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Cardiac Muscle
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Smooth Muscle
107. Multiunit smooth muscle is more common in the body than single-unit
smooth muscle.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Smooth Muscle
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: ATP
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Glucose and Oxygen
110. Muscle has the ability to store oxygen in myoglobin and store glucose
as glycogen.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Glucose and Oxygen
111. Because the process of catabolism is less than 100% efficient, some of
the energy is given off as heat.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Heat Production
112. The pituitary gland is responsible for the homeostatic control of body
temperature.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Heat Production
113. Shivering in response to a drop in body temperature is an example of a
positive-feedback mechanism in the body.
ANS: F
DIF: Synthesis
REF:
TOP: Heat Production
114. Each motor neuron in the motor unit is able to stimulate as many as two
dozen muscle fibers.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Motor Unit
115. The three phases of muscle contraction are contraction, relaxation, and
recovery.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: The Twitch Contraction
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: The Twitch Contraction
117. In the “warmed up” muscle, the calcium ions are able to be completely
returned to the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Treppe: The Staircase Phenomenon
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Muscle Tone
119. Muscles with less than normal muscle tone are called spastic.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Muscle Tone
120. The T-tubules in the heart form dyads rather than the triads found in
skeletal muscles.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Cardiac Muscle
121. The result of endurance training is more blood vessels, not more muscle
cells.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Effects of Exercise on Skeletal Muscles
MATCHING
Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
a. Actin
b. Sarcolemma
c. Contractility
d. Tropomyosin
e. Extensibility
f. Myosin
g. T-tubule
h. Irritability
i. Sarcomere
j. Troponin
k. Motor unit
10. Protein that looks like “bundled golf clubs”; makes up the thick myofila-
ment
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Overview of Muscle Cells
2. ANS: G
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Overview of Muscle Cells
3. ANS: H
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Functions of Skeletal Muscle Tissue
4. ANS: K
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Motor Unit
5. ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Myofilaments
6. ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Functions of Skeletal Muscle Tissue
7. ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Myofilaments
8. ANS: J
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Contraction
9. ANS: E
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Functions of Skeletal Muscle Tissue
10. ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Myofilaments
11. ANS: I
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Overview of Muscle Cells
Match each term with its corresponding description regarding the sliding-fila-
ment theory.
a. Troponin
b. Myosin
c. Actin
d. T-tubules
e. ATP
f. Calcium
g. Cross-bridges
h. Tropomyosin
i. Acetylcholine
14. The stimulus to contract the muscle is carried inside the muscle by this
structure
15. Protein that directly prevents the formation of cross-bridges in the sar-
comere
16. Chemical released by the motor neuron that initiates the stimulus for a
muscle contraction
19. Protein that has cross-bridge heads that pull on the thin fiber
20. Protein that has receptor sites for an ion that causes it to change shape
and pull another protein away from the receptor sites on the actin
12. ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Contraction
13. ANS: G
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Contraction
14. ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Contraction
15. ANS: H
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Contraction
16. ANS: I
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Excitation of the Sarcolemma
17. ANS: E
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: ATP
18. ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Contraction
19. ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Contraction
20. ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Contraction
OTHER
1. List and describe the three general functions of skeletal muscle tissue.
ANS: Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: General Functions
DIF: Synthesis
REF:
TOP: General Functions, Functions of Cardiac and Smooth Muscle
DIF: Synthesis
REF:
TOP: Overview of Muscle Cells
DIF: Synthesis
REF:
TOP: Mechanism of Contraction
DIF: Synthesis
REF:
TOP: Rigor Mortis
DIF: Synthesis
REF:
TOP: ATP
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Glucose and Oxygen
DIF: Synthesis
REF:
TOP: Types of Muscle Fibers
DIF: Synthesis
REF:
TOP: Treppe: The Staircase Phenomenon, Effects of Exercise on Skeletal Mus-
cles
10. Explain what is meant by the graded strength principle of muscle con-
traction.
DIF: Synthesis
REF:
TOP: The Graded Strength Principle
11. List three conditions that influence the strength of muscle contraction.
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: The Graded Strength Principle
12. Explain the process of anaerobic respiration in the muscle. What is the
oxygen debt, and how is it “repaid”?
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Catabolic Pathways
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Myofilaments
14. Explain the role of the skeletal muscles in heat production for the body.
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Heat Production
15. Explain isometric muscle contractions and the two types of isotonic con-
tractions.
16. Explain the similarities and differences between skeletal and cardiac
muscle cells. How do these differences reflect the functioning of the heart?
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Cardiac Muscle
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Smooth Muscle
ESSAY
1. Susie Swift, an avid jogger, is running down the beach when she comes
upon Bobby Beachbum, a serious weight lifter. Bobby flirts with Susie, who
decides he has more muscle than brains. She continues her run down the
beach, and Bobby begins to run after her. After about a half mile, Bobby tires
and gives up. Explain why Susie was able to continue to run despite having
less muscle mass than Bobby has.
DIF: Synthesis
REF:
TOP: Effects of Exercise on Skeletal Muscles
2. Based on your knowledge of the structure and function of the muscle cells,
explain why you would expect to find multiple mitochondria and nuclei in
them under microscopic examination.
ANS: Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis
REF:
TOP: Myofilaments, Glucose, and Oxygen
3. Both the skin, or integument, system and the muscle system are impor-
tant in maintaining the body temperature. The skin function is homeostatic in
nature. Explain why the muscle function is not.
DIF: Synthesis
REF:
TOP: Heat Production